Tourr

epor
ton
Tai
l
orMadeTr
aini
ngbyMASHAVon
Ur
banWat
er-
Regul
ati
on,
Technol
ogy,
andEconomi
csofSus
tai
nabl
eWat
er
ManagementatUr
banCent
ers

7th-1
8thMay,
2022
Shef
ayi
m,I
srael
Ur
banWat er
-Regulat
ion,Technol
ogy,
andEconomicsofSustai
nableWat er
ManagementatUrbanCent er
s

Shefayi
m,Is
rael
7th-
18thMay,
2022

Dr
.K.
S.J
ayachandr
an
Special
Secr
etar
y,
Depar
tmentofEnvi
ronment
,Govt
.ofNCTofDel
hi
Schedul
e
Sat
urday,
7th May,
2022 Ar
rivalandCheck-
in

Day1
Sunday,
8th May,
2022

Day2
Monday,
9th May,
2022
Day3
Tuesday,
10th May,
2022

Day4
Wednesday,
11t
h
May,
2022
Day5
Thur
sday,
12th May,
2022

Day6
Fr
iday,
13th May,
2022

Day7 St
ayi
nNet
anya
Sat
urday,
14 May,
t
h
2022

Day8
Sunday,
15th May,
2022

Day9
Monday,
16th May,
2022
Day1
0
Tuesday,
17th May,
2022

Day1
1 1
.Fi
nalRoundTabl
eandCl
osi
ngcer
emony

Wednesday,
18th May,
2022 2.RoundTabl eDiscussi
on:Impressi
onsfr
om the
tr
aini
ngpr ogr
am andt hepotent
ialf
orappli
cat
ion
i
n par t
ici
pati
ng states - Pr
oposal
s and fut
ure
acti
ons

3.Cour
seEval
uat
ion

4. Closi
ng cer
emony and Awar
ding of
cer
tificat
es
8th May,
2022
Day1
Lect
ure:Wat
erResour
cesManagementi
nIsr
ael
byDrLeaKr
onavet
er,I
WA

Isr
aeli slocat edi nas emi -aridcl i
mat iczone became appar ent ,,once mor e,t hatt he
and i tsnat uralwat ers our cesar es ever ely cri
s i
sact uallybegan s everalyear spr iort o
li
mi ted.Never thel es s,i nt he fir s tdecades 2000. Itwasr eali
zedt hatt hemanagement
foll
owi ng i tses tabl i
s hmenti n1 948,I srael and pr eser vati
on of ecos ystems i s a
succeeded i n es tabl ishing a r eliabl e and l
ong- term and cumul ati
ve pr oces s.Thi s
technol ogi cally advanced wat er s uppl y combi nat i
onofhar df actsledt oas ens eof
system whi chs er vesavar ietyofus esandi s emer gency and cat alyzed t he cabi nett o
bas ed on t he int egr at ed ut il
izat i
on oft he i
s s
ue di rect i
ves bas ed on i ntegr ated
count ry’s wat er s our ces . The gr adual scientificpr inciplesinor dertot ackl et he
increas einwat ercons umpt i
oni nI s raeldue cur r
entcr is
isand pr eventt he emer gence
toaccel erateddevel opmentandt her isei n ofyetanot hercr i
sisint hef uture.
standar d of l iving vi rt
ual ly f orced t he Isr
aelhascr eated anumberofi ntegr ated
count ryt opr ovi deadynami cr es pons et o toolsf or the management of i ts wat er
the quant i
ty and qual i
ty ofwat ers uppl y. economy i n r ecent year s
, i ncludi ng
Dur ing t hisper iod,t he count rys oughtt o i
mpl ement at i
on ofr ealist
ic wat erpr icing
impl ementa wat ers ource management appr oaches ,effluentqual i
tys t
andar dsand
appr oach whi ch i ncor por ates l ong- t
er m seawat erandbr ackishwat erdes ali
nat ion.
sus t
ai nabi lityandeconomi ccons ider ations
inr elat ion t o ecos ys tem s ervicest hatar e Thefol
lowi
ngprinci
plesdet
ermined wat
er
essent ialforhumanwel l-
bei ng. Appar ent l
y, res
ourcesmanagementinIsrael
:
however , t hes e cons i
der ations wer e
insuffici ent . 1.I
mpos i
tion ofwaterextracti
on levi
eson
Des pi teI srael’
sr el atives ucces sint hewat er theextr actionofwaterfrom natural
sector i n t he f ace of l imiting nat ural sources
condi ti
ons ,a wat ercr isi
soccur red i nt he 2.Seawat erdes ali
nati
on
year2000, whi chhasnotyetbeenr esolved. 3.Effici
entus eofwas tewaterandef fluents
The di f
ficul t dr ought of t he wi nt er of 4.Bracki shwat erdesali
nat
ion
1999/ 2000 and t he l ower ed wat erl evelof 5. Demand management ( conservat
ion
Lake Ki nner et( the Sea ofGal i
lee)dur ing andpr icing)
this per i
od awakened t he concer n and 6.Impoundmentoffloodwat eralong the
awar enes s of bot h ci ti
zens and coastalar ea.
gover nment deci sion maker s about t he
interlinked i ssuesofwat erquant ity and One huge s t
ep was to build a nati
onal
qual i
t y.As gr oundwat er l evels decl i
ned wat er carri
er.Compl eted 25 years aft
er
dras ti
cal l
y,wat erqual itydet eriorat ed asa I
s r
ael’sestablis
hment ,i
tconsist
sof1 30km
resultofbot hs alinat i
on and pol lut ion.As of gi ant pi pes, open canals,t unnels,
thecount rybegant oconf rontt hecr i
sis,it reservoir
s and pumpi ng stati
ons,whi ch
Page 1
ef
ficientl
ytransferwaterfr
om the Sea of I
s r
aeli companies t
oday have advanced
Gali
lee in Is
rael’
s north to i
ts highly desali
nat i
on t
echnology thatrequireless
populat
edcent r
eandar i
dsouth. mai nt
enanceand ener gy,aswel lasot
her
technologies tar
geting ef fici
ent wat er
Overtheyears,t
heI s
raeligover nmenthas resourcesmanagement .
al
so i mplement ed cent r
ali
sed wat er
pl
anning and a“water-
respect i
ng”cult
ur e Technologies i ncl
ude por table s eawat er
amongitspeople.Thes l
ogan“ Don’
twas te purificati
on pl ants designed t o pr oduce
adrop”i
sknowni neveryI s
raelihome. high quali
tydr inki
ng wat er,sol
ar-power ed
systemswhi ch produce fresh wat erf r
om
AllwaterinIsraelhasbeen met ered si
nce air
,availableins mall(home) ,medi um and
1955 and t hanks to advancement s i n industri
alscale,filt
rati
ons ystems ,precisi
on
met eri
ng and moni tor
ing t echnology, agricul
tureanddat amanagement .
I
s r
ael’
s wateraut hor
iti
es can now det ect
l
eaks ,
oftenbeforeusersareawar eofthem. Apar tfrom qual ityand acces s,was tageof
wat eri sa crit
icali ssue.I sraeliexper ience
The count ry has al s
o t reated wat er highl ightsneed f orl arge s cale campai gn
accordi
ng toitsintended use.Des ali
nated whi ch can ai m t or aise awar enes sabout
seawater, which is mor e expens i
ve t o wat eramongci tizensandencour aget hem
produce,is directed from l ar
ge coas tal tos avei t,
wi thprimar yfocusonus ersi nthe
desal
inati
onspl antsfordomes ti
cus eand agr i
cul turalsector,si
nceover80percentof
human cons umpt i
on.In cont r
ast,almos t India’s wat er i
s cons umed by i rrigation.
87percentofI sr
ael’
swas tewaterisrecycl
ed Wat erwas tage occur s due t ot radi ti
onal
forusei nirr
igation and fornon- drinki
ng i
r r
igat ion met hods whi ch flood t he fiel d.
purposes. Combi ned with t he agr icultural
devel opment pr ogramme, t her e i s a
Is
raelhasfivedes al
inati
onplantsprovi
ding tremendous oppor tuni ty f or I ndi a t o
about 600 mi l
li
on cubi c met ers of enhance t he s kil
ls and capabi l
ities of
desali
nated wat er each year . Isr
ael
i farmer sinwat ercons ervat i
on.
company,I DETechnologies
,pioneeredthe
buil
dingoft hes
epl ant
sandhass incebuil
t Isr
ael, withi tsownar idtosemi - ari
dclimat e,
400pl antsi
natleast40countries
. hass uffered f r
om dr oughtcondi ti
ons .As
such, i ts l ess ons i n agr iculture ar e
Presentati
on:Israel
imodelforwat
er appl i
cabl e t o I ndi a.In t he pas t,many
sector-Possi
bil
it
iesforI
ndi
a compani es devel oped dr i
p i rri
gat i
on
systemsbutt heypr oducedl itt
les ucces sfor
byDrLi
orAsaf the f armer s who need t raining on t he
usage and mai nt enance oft he s ystems .
Agr owingpopul ati
on, i
ndus triali
sati
onand The Cent res of Excel l
ence f or med wi th
cli
mat echangechal l
engeI ndi a’
sabili
t yto Gover nment of I ndia ar e fil li
ng t his
managei tswat erresour ces.Theexpect ed fundament al gap. The t echnol ogy i s
shor t
fal
lins upplywi l
lreach50percentby demons tratedi nt hecent resands peciali
sts
2030.Ther efor
e,des al
inat i
on and was te then wor k wi tht he farmer s on gr ound
wat errecycli
nghol di mmens epot entialas (fields)t os ee ift he technol ogy i s being
addi t
ionalsourcesofs uppl y.I
s r
aelhasus ed correct l
y us ed and mai ntained. Thi s
botht ot ackleits own wat er shortages. hand- hol ding ises sent
ialforf ar merswho
W hiledesalinati
onpl antshavebeens etup often havel i
ttl
ef ormaleducat ion and ar e
i
ns omeci ti
esofI ndia,ther eispot entialto unabl et oappl yt henew t echnol ogy.
furtherutili
sethistechnol ogy.
Page 2
Robus tl egaland r egul atoryf ramewor ks preparati
onf orhous ing andi ndus try,road
are al so needed t o pr otect nat ural buildi
ng,and t hecons t
ruction ofover1 00
resour ces and t he envi ronment . For damsandr eser voir
s .
JNFhasbeeni nvolved
i
ns tance,Wat er ATMs ( automat ed wat er i
n devel oping t he i nfr
as tructure of
dispens i
ng uni ts
)wer eintroduced i nIndi a hundr edsofr uralvill
ages ,t
ot hepoi ntthat
to s ervice communi ti
es i n s ome ci ties 30% ofI srael's popul ation lives on l and
whi ch l acked acces st o qual i
ty dr i
nking preparedbyJNF. Andduel argel ytoJewi s
h
wat er. Thes e machi nes ar e bui lt and NationalFund' saf forestati
on ef for
ts,Israel
oper ated by pr i
vate compani es buti ti s i
st heonlycount ryi nthewor l
dt oact ually
uncl ear how much gr oundwat er a havemor etreespl ant ed att heend oft he
companydr awsi naday.I nacount rywi th 20th centuryt han ithad att hebegi nning
rapidly depl eting groundwat err esources, ofthecent ury.
privat i
singwat erprovisi
oncar r
iest heri
skof
an overexpl oitati
on ofresour cesf orpr ofit JNF'smos tpres
sing pri
orityi
st hecurrent
maki ng. water cri
sisinIsrael.In battl
ing Is
rael'
s
chronic wat er s hortage s i
nce t he
Wi t
ht hegr owi nggl obalwat erchal l
enges, mid-1980s,JNFhasincreasedIsrael
'
swat er
the demand f orI sr
ael iwat eri nnovations supply by mor e than 5% t hrough t he
andt echnologi esisgr owingt ooandt here buil
dingofdamsandr eservoi
rs.
i
sagener al
cur iosi
tyt oknow how acount ry
which was once f aci ng a chr onic water
shortage is now a hub t os ome oft he
wor l
d’sleading wat er s ol
ut ion providers
which not onl y filter,t r
eat ,r ecycle or
desalinatewat er,butal soleadt hewor ldof
waterexper ti
sebyl iterall
ypr oduci ngwat er
fr
om t hinair.

Amaj or
ityofthesecompani esar eactivei n
Indiaand itwi l
lbeinteres ti
ng t oseehow
these compani es wil
ls cale up and al ign
with t he I ndian gover nment ’
s wat er
management endeavor s. The neces s
ar y
agreement soncooper ationatt heregional,
nationaland internati
onall evelsin wat er
resourcesdevelopmentand management
alr
eadyexi stbetweenIndi aandI sr
ael.

Anot herlectureonaf f
or estat
ionandwat er
management by Jewi s h Nat i
onal Fund
revealed focuson s i
xact i
on areas:Ecol
ogy
and Af forestati
on, Wat er, Communi ty
Devel opment , Educat ion, Res earch and
Devel opment ,andTour is m andRecr eat
ion.
Its maj or devel opment pr ojects have
i
ncl uded t he recl
amat ion ofhundr edsof
thous ands of acr es for agr icult
ure and
afforest
ation,aswel lascont i
nuing eff
orts
on behal f of l and pr eservati
on, s i
te
Page 3
9th May,
2022
Day2
Lect
ure:Wat
erqual
it
yinI
srael-st
andar
ds,
moni
tor
ing
andmanagement:
byDr
.Ham Kat
z,I
WA

Dr
inki
ngW at
erSour
cesi
nIsr
ael
Supplyoftapwat erinIsr
aeli
smainlybased Gr oupsofs ubs tancesf rom nat ur alsour ces
on groundwaterpumpi ng (
mount ai
n and such as :mi cro- organi smsand al gae t hat
coast
alaqui f
er),s urf
ace water (
Kinneret arenat ur allyfound i nt heenvi ronmentor
l
ake,s pr
ings and r i
vers
)and des al
inat
ed chemi cals ubs tancesf ound i nr ock l ayer s
seawater(Medit
er r
aneanSeaandRedSea) . and whi ch ar e nat urall
y di ssolved i nt he
wat er;
The Ministry ofHeal t
hi srespons i
bl efor Subs tances penet rat i
ng t he wat er f rom
assur
ing dr i
nki ng wat er quali
ty,s ot he non nat ur al s ources such as :
publi
cwi llgets afe wat erfordrinking,by mi cro-or gani smss temmi ng f rom human
meansofs anitaryengi neer i
ngs uper vi
sion and ani mal cont ami nat i
on; chemi cal
ofwatersour ces ,watert reatments ys t
ems subs tancesus ed byman f orindus tryand
and s upply s ys t
ems of var i
ous wat er agr i
cul tureand whi ch mi ghtcont ami nat e
vendors. sur f
ace wat er s our ces and penet r ate
under gr ound wat er;bypr oduct s ofwat er
Standar ds for Ens ur i
ng t he Qual i
ty of decont ami nation and var ious s ubs tances
Dr i
nki ngWat er us edint hewat ert reat mentpr oces s.
The s t
andar ds,r equi red f or ens uring The s ampl ings ar e per formed al ong t he
sanitar y qual i
ty oft ap wat erinI s r
aelar e ent i
rewat ersuppl ynet wor k: wat ersour ces ,
cons tant l
y updat ed, al ong wit h treatment pl ant s and publ ic s uppl y
devel opmentofr es earch and knowl edge sys t
ems .Thef act orst hatar ebei ng tes t ed
on t he ef fect s ofvar i
ous dr i
nking wat er changeaccor di ngt ot hel i
nksi nt hes uppl y
component s on health. net wor k. The r es ults of t he t ests ar e
Maj ority of s t
andar ds ar er egul ated by repor ted t o t he Mi nistry of Heal t h.
drinking wat erqual ityregulations ,whi ch
wer e change t hroughout t i
me i n al l Par
amet
ers Test
ed i
n Dr
inki
ng Wat
er
count ries wor l
dwi de,due t o di s
cover y of
mor eaccur at emeas urementmet hodsand The Publ i
c Health Regul at
ions201 3 -The
discover y ofpr evious ly unknown i mpact s Sanitary Qual it
y of Dr i
nking Wat er and
onheal th. Drinking Wat erFaci l
iti
esform a bi nding,
Thewat erdel ivered t ot hepubl icist ested professionaland advanced f oundation for
byt hewat ers uppl iersandwhenneces sary, thedel iveryofs afedrinkingwat erinIsrael
.
under go t hor ough and compr ehens i
ve Thequal i
tycont rolofportablewaters upply
treatment t o remove undes ir
abl e tot he publ iciscar ri
ed outby t he wat er
component s,whi chmaybehar mf ultot he suppliers,thedifferentlaboratori
esandt he
healthofhumans . MinistryofHeal th,thatcont r
ibutetot his
W aters ampl ing ar e per for
med accor ding i
mpor tantt askdaily.
toregul at i
onsandr elateto:
Page 4
Dr i
nki ng wat erar e consumed by al lthe Wat ers ampl i
ng ar e per formed accor di ng
count r
y’sr es i
dent s-whet hert hroughf ood, tor egul at i
onsand r elatet ot he f oll
owi ng
bever ages or t ap wat er.The Mi nistr
y of subs tances :
Heal th s ees gr eat i mpor tance i n t he Gr oupsofs ubstancesf rom nat ur alsour ces :
trans parency and acces si
bili
ty of t he mi cro-or gani s
ms and al gae t hat ar e
i
nf ormat ion on t he qual i
ty of dr inking nat urallyf ound i n t he envi ronment or
wat er f or t he publ i
c. I
n t he dat abase chemi cals ubstancesf ound i nr ock l ayer s
“Tes t
ed Par amet ersi n Dr i
nking Wat er”
, and whi ch ar e nat urally dis s
ol ved int he
i
nf ormat ion can be f ound on t he health wat er;
andenvi r onment alaspectsas s
ociatedwi th Subs t
ances penet rati
ng t he wat er f rom
the par amet er
s bei ng moni t
ored int he non nat ural s our ces : mi cro- organi sms
drinkingwat eraswel lasinformat ionabout stemmi ng f rom human and ani mal
the par amet ers ’ char acteri
stics, t he cont ami nat ion and chemi cals ubs tances
maxi mum per mi t
ted concent r
ation and us ed byman f orindus tryand agr i
cul tur e
the heal t h ef fects of t he moni tored and whi ch mi ght cont ami nat e s ur face
par amet er s
. wat ers our cesandpenet rat eunder ground
wat er,as wel l as bypr oduct s of wat er
Minis
tryofHealth publis
hest heresul
tsof decont ami nat i
on and var ious s ubs tances
the water t
estst hat were per
formed in us edi nt hewat ertr eatmentpr oces s.
producti
on plants,tr
eatment plants and A wat ers ource t hatdoes notmeett he
watersupplysyst
ems . regul ations ’requi rement s,i s di sappr oved
for us e as dr i
nki ng wat er.I n cer tai n
The r esul
t s are concent rated i n four i
ns tances ,the wat erwi l
lbe appr oved f or
differentrepor ts,classified byt het ypesof drinking onl y af t
ert hey under go pr oper
sampl esandt hei rlocations
: treat mentatt r
eat mentpl ant s
.
Mi crobialtes t
si n pr oduction pl ants and
treatmentpl ants WaterTr
eat
ment
Chemi calt estsin pr oduct i
on pl ants and W at
erTr
eat
mentpl
ant
s
treatmentpl ants
Mi crobialt
es tsint hes upplys yst
em The t reatment pl ant mus tr eceive t he
Chemi caltestsint hes upplys ystem appr oval oftheMi nis tr
yofHeal t
hr egar ding
the t reatmentpr oces s and t he chemi cal
Wat erSour ces system component sus edi nt het reatment
Drinkingwat ers
upplyinI
sraeli
sbas edon proces s.In addition,t here ar es tandar ds
the pumpi ng of underground wat er
, sti
pul at ed byTheSt andar dsI ns t
itutet hat
springs,s urface water (
primaril
y Lake wer ei niti
ated by t he Mi nistry ofHeal th
Kinneret)anddes al
inat
edseawat er. regar ding t he cons truction and coat ing
mat er i
al sus ed i
nt he wat ers ystemst hat
Ther
e ar e approxi
mat
ely 1
,000 water comei ncont actwi thdr inkingwat er( I
sraeli
sour
ces i n Isr
ael, most are fr
om Standar d 5452) and r egarding t he
undergr
oundwater. chemi calsus edint het reatmentpr ocess es
(I
sraeliSt andar d5438) .
Topreventmor bi
dityandtoguaranteet
hat
thesuppl iedwat erar
eindeeddr i
nkabl
e,a The qual
ityofthe wateri
nthe tr
eat
ment
supervi
sion and moni tori
ng array was plants i
s continuousl
y monit
ored, and
est
ablis
hed f or micr
obial
,chemi caland throughlaborat
orytes
tsperf
ormedbyt he
physi
calt estsinthewatersour
cesandt he plants
’operat
orsandthewatersuppl
ier
s.
supplynet work.

Page 5
MinistryofHeal thr epresentativesmoni tor sewagetreatmenteffluents,ai
medatt he
the conduct of t he t ests ( perf
ormed removal of r esi
dual contaminants by
according to an annualpl an s cheduled filt
rat
ionandads orpti
onont heaquif
er’
s
withthewat ers upplierandi sappr ovedby sol
idskel
eton,byuppersoilaer
ati
onandby
theMi nist
ryofHeal th),andt het ests’
results l
ongr et
entiontimeintheaquifer
.
arereceivedvi aacomput erprogr am. Tests
thatfoundadevi ationf r
om t her egulati
ons The NWS s ystem,i naugur at ed i n 1964,
areimmedi atelyrepor t
ed,andt heMi nistry suppl ieswat erf ordomes ti
c,indus t
rialand
ofHeal thins tr
uct sthe wat ers uppl i
erst o agr i
cul t
ur al pur poses.I t conduct s and
take the neces sary actions in or der t o i
nt egr ates Jor dan Ri ver sur face wat er,
guarant eepubl i
cheal th. through
LakeKi nner et,withgr oundwat erfrom t he
In addition,t hedi ff
erentt r
eatmentpl ant s coas talsands t
oneandmount ainlimes tone
areequi pped wi th cont i
nuouscont r
oland aqui fers,whi char ethemaj orgr oundwat er
alertsys tems ,sot hatanymal funct i
on or bas insinI sr
ael .Si
nce1 964,ARhasbeen
deterioration i n wat erqual it
yarer epor t
ed i
mpl ement ed fors easonals torage,aspar t
to t he wat er s uppl iers and t hey ar e oft heNWS’ soper ati
on, toincreas ethe
reported t o t he Mi nistr
y of Heal th. If yielddur i
ngyear sofhighdemandandl ow
neces sary,t he s uppl yf r
om t he t
reatment rainfall.
Thewat ercarri
edbyt heNWSi s
plantishal ted. rechar ged bot h i nto t he Coas tal
TheMi nistry’srepr esent ati
vesalsoper form (sands tone) and Mount ain ( li
mes tone)
periodicals ani t
ar yengi neer i
ngsuper visi
on aqui fers.
i
nt he wat ers ources ,treatmentf acili
ties
andt hes uppl ys ystems . Wat er recl
amation i
nI s
raelprovi
des f
or
coll
ection, t
reatment, gr
oundwater
Lectur
e: Rechar
ge and Wat
er recharge and r euse of muni ci
pal
Surf
aceManagement was t
ewat er.

byMr
.Li
orNet
zer
,IWA The s pecial r echar ge- recovery met hod
devel oped and pr act i
ced s uccessfull
yi sa
soilaqui f
ert reatment( SAT)whi ch shoul d
Arti
ficialrechargeofgr oundwateraquifer
s be cons idered as an i nt egralpartoft he
(AR),performedt hroughi nfilt
rati
onponds muni cipalwas tewat ert reatmentpr oces s.
and t hrough r echarge wel l
s,has been SAT cons ists of cont roll
ed pas s age of
practi
ced i nIs
raels ince the 1
960’sasan effluentt hrought heuns aturatedzoneand
i
mpor t
ant component oft he integr
ated the aqui f
er, mai nly f or pur i
ficat ion
managementofs urfaceandgr oundwat er purpos es, as wel l as f or seasonal and
forthefollowi
ngobj ectives: mul tiannual s torage. The r echar ge
oper ation i s car ried out by means of
1.Seasonals t
orageofexces ss urfacewater spreadi ngbas inswhi char esurroundi ngby
intheNat ionalWat erSuppl y(NWS) adequat elys paced r ecover y well
s whi ch
system, whi ch car r
ies wat er f rom t he permi tsepar ating t her echar gezonef rom
Jordans ourcesinthenor thtot hecentral ther es toftheaqui fer .
(coastal)regions. Themaj orpur ificat ionpr ocessesoccur ring
2.Reclamat i
onofover -exploitedaqui f
ers, i
nt he s oilaqui f
ers ystem ar e:sl
ow- s
and
3.Ut i
li
zat i
on ofrainwat err unof fand flash filtration, chemi cal preci
pi tati
on,
floods ,wher es ur
faces t
or agei s ads orpt i
on, i on exchange, bi ologi cal
unavai l
able. degr adat ion, ni tri
ficat ion, deni tri
ficat ion
4. Soi l – Aqui fer Tr eatment ( SAT) of anddi sinfecti
on.
Page 6
Waterqual i
tycontrolint her echargezone souther
nIs r
ael
,a met hod ofr
echar
ging
i
s virt
ual l
y compl ete and t he ver y high groundwaterandt ransport
ingi
tfr
om the
quali
ty ofr eclai
med wat erobt ai
ned af ter northtothe south wasneeded and was
SATiss uitableforavar i
etyofnon pot abl e i
mpl ementedeffici
ently.
useses peciall
yforunr estri
ctedagr i
cultural
i
rri
gation.Dur ing t
hel as tfiveyear s,about Lecture:Wast
e watertr
eatmentand
400 mi ll
ion cu.m ofr eclai
med wat erwas preventi
ngpol
lut
ioninwaterr
esour
ces
suppli
ed f orunr es
t r
icted ir
rigati
on tot he
southoft hecount ry. byDrAmi rErez,Director
,W aterand
Str
eams Di vi
sion, Mi ni
str
y of
Mai ntaining/increas i
ng wat ers uppl yof ten Envir
onmentalProtecti
on
requires t empor al over expl
oi tati
on and
development of new wat er s our ces. St
ream r
ehabil
it
ati
on and t
he chal
lenge
Varioust ypesofmanagedaqui ferr echar ge wit
hsewagetr
eatment
within a nat ionali ntegrated wat ers uppl y
system us ed t o achi eve different wat er Thewas t
ewaterresult
ingfr
om highdens it
y
suppl yobj ectivesi nIs r
aelwer edi s cus sed. population cit
ies i
ncl
uding poult
ryf ar
ms
Wel li njecti
ons ,wat er quality,and wel l act as a r aw mat eri
al f
or the Sewage
des i
gni ssues ,wer ediscussedi ncludi ngt he TreatmentPl ant.The mos tdi
sti
nguishing
useofs andys oilsover l
ayi
ng anaqui ferf or characteri
sti
coft hi
swas t
ewaterisit
shi gh
(1)soilaqui fert reat
mentand s torage of organicloadcapacity.
secondar y effluent s f or i r
r i
gat ion.
Especi all
y,the capabi l
ityofthe t reat ment The Sewage Tr eatment Plant aims t o
tobr i
ngt heef fluent stohi gh-qual i
tywat er; reduce t he ef fluent in t he t reated
(2) infil tr
ation of ephemer al s treams ’ was t
ewater product befor
er el
easing it,
floodwat er and s urpl
us des alinated alongwit
hr educing pol
lut
ed agr i
cultural
seawat er f or s torage and r ecover y of fieldrunoff
s.
drinkingwat er.
Di
visi
onGoal
sandVi
sion

Lear
nings Protect wat er r es
our ces f rom pol l
ution;
Rehabi l
itates treamst obenat uralhabi t
at s,
A hol
ist
ic,centr
ali
zed wat
ermanagement , withwat erflowi ngf r
om nat urals ourcest o
desi
gned over decades , which l
argely beus edasl eisureresor t
sf orpubl icwel f
ar e;
separ
ated i t
s water consumpti
on from Preventt he s pil
lofs ewage and ef fluent
MotherNat ure. i
ntos treams or t he envi ronment ;Tr eat
sl
udge and r eus ei tin agr i
culture;Tr eat
Isr
aelus esi tsgroundwat erand lakewat er. Was tewat ert o higherqual ityand r eusei t
Butkeyt oitswat ersecuri
tyareeffor
tss uch as a s i
gni ficant wat er r es ource i n
asdr il
li
ngdeepwel l
s,mas si
vedes al
ination, agri
cul t
ur e, whi l
e pr eserving t he
reus i
ngt r
eat edsewagef orfarming,findi ng environmentandhumanheal th.
andfixi ngl eaksear l
y,engineeri
ngcr opst o
thrivein oner ouscondi t
ions,dis
cour aging Wat
erScar
cit
yandAvai
labi
li
ty
gardeni ng, maki ng ef fici
ent t oilets
mandat ory, and pr i
cing wat er t o As per t he definit
ion set by t
he Uni
ted
discouragewas te. Nat ions
,“Wat erScarci
ty”i
sdefined asthe
avai l
abi
li
tyofwat erintherangeof0-1000
Becaus
e oft
he di
ff
erencesi
nrainf
alland m/3 capi
ta/year
. W hi le the curr
ent
water needs i
n nor
ther
n and popul ati
on ofIsr
aelisaround 9.
45mill
ion,
Page 7
thistranslatest oanover all
wat eravail
abil
ity from wastewat ertr
eatmentpl ants.
of 1 60m /3
capita/year.The nat uralwat er (3)Gradualr eplacementoff r
es hwat
erby
refillis1 1
70 MCM peryear ,where ast he recl
aimedef fluentf orir
rigat
ion.
wat ercons umpt i
on is2300MCM peryear . (4)Was tewaterand s l
udge t r
eatmentin
Cons equent ly,
ther eisawat erdeficiencyof centralt
reatmentpl ants.
45%. (5)Costeff
ectivewat ersupply.
Agr i
cultureacount sforthelargestshareof
wat er cons umpt ion amount ing to 1 1
95 Chall
enge i
stor
educe t
he Bi
ochemical
MCM,i .
e.ar ound 50%.Domes ticaccount s OxygenDemand(
BOD)fr
om 500to10.
for844 MCM ( 35.5%),I
ndus try100 MCM
(4.
2%) ,Nat ur e 37 MCM ( 1.
5%),Diplomat ic
agreement s 207 MCM (
8.7%).

Among dipl
omat i
c agr
eements,Ki
ngdom
ofJor
dangets100MCM, WestBankgets87
MCM, GazaSt
ripgets20MCM.

New Wateri
smoret han50%
Ground wat
eraccountsfor34%,St r
eams
1
5%, Af
fluent
s23% andDes al
inat
ionf
or28%.
The numberofI ntensi
ve l
arge municipal
Since early1990s,agr i
cultur
alsectorhas W W TP (
>1000m /
3
day)haveincr
eased fr
om
shown a huge i ncr
ease i n national 7in1994t o88in2020.
cons umpt i
on. The s hare of affluent is
expect ed t
or each upwardsof67% byt he
year2050,wher east he s
hare ofbrackish
wat erisexpectedtocomedownt o7% from
thepr esent14%.

Since 201
8,Treat
ed was tewateraccounts
for86% ofEf
fluentsus ed,whereasSewage
standsat81%.Thef acttobenot ed i
sthat
about50% oftheeffluentareterti
ary.

Outof544mi l
li
onm 3,,93% istreated,outof
which 86% i sr eused.Wi th t i
me,i tis
expected t hat allt he bi g W W TP wi l
l
producet erti
aryeffluent .
Affll
uent sareus ed in agri
culture,industr
y,
muni ci
palgar dening as wel las s t
ream
rehabil
it
ation,specificall
yYar konr i
ver.

Keyaspect
sofWat
erNat
ionalpol
icy

(1)Ensuri
ngs ustainablesupplyofwaterfor
agricul
ture;i
ndus t
ry,publi
cgardeningand
dischargetos tr
eams ;
(2)Creating “new”wat er-lar
ge scal
es ea
wat er desal
ination and r eus
ing effluent
Page 8
Therehasbeeni nves
t mentofover5bi
ll
ion Enf
orcement
,andRegul
ati
on(
legi
slat
ion)
.
doll
arsi
ns ewagecollect
ion,
treat
mentand
usageinlast20years. In t he r ecent pas t,mos t of t he I sraeli
streamswer epol lutedper tainingt ovar ious
factorss uch asus ageofs treamsascanal s
todi schar ges ewageandef fluent s,
ut il
izing
wat erms pr ings f or dr inking wat er and
agr i
cultur e, out dat ed t echnol ogy f or
collecting and treating s ewage,
i
ncompat i
bi l
it
y bet ween t he s ewage
capaci ty and t he was tet reat mentpl ants
and t heef fluentr eser voir
s ,flow ofs ewage
from the Pales t
inian Aut hor i
ty,
cont ami nat ed agr icultural r unoff, Fi sh
ponds out put ,l ack ofawar enes st ot he
i
mpor t
anceofr iversands t reams .

Today,mos t of the s t
reams ar e much
cleaner owing t o new r egulations and
Sol
arPanel
s enforcement ,long ter m moni t
or i
ng and
creati
ng dat a base,r eform int he wat er
sewage s ector ( wat er & s ewage
cooperati
on's) and huge i nves tment s
,
effluents as a r esour ce,building many
W W TP sand r eservoirs,pret
reatment sof
sewagei nindus t
ry.

Reser
voi
rs

Thebas icneedsf oraffluentreuseinclude

good qual it
y,supplyr eli
abi
lit
y,demand,
organizati
onalcapabi l
it
y,and s upporti
ve
regulati
on.
The Mni str
y ofEnvironment alProtecti
on
has depl oyed a 4 pr onged s ys
tem of
Inspecti
on, I
nfor
mat i
on( I
ntel
li
gence),
Page 9
Pol
icy,
Regul
ati
onsandSt
andar
ds

WATERLAW: WATERI SPROPERTYOFTHE

STATE
Sewage, accor
dingt otheIsrael
iWaterLaw,
i
sdefinedasawat ersource.
W aterpriceshal
lr eflectit
scos tt
o ensure
eff
ectivewateruse.

Was t
ewater qual
it
y f
or unr
est
rict
ed
i
rri
gation(
201
0)

Standardsfor36par ameters.
Thes t
andards
take into cons i
derati
on: Envir
onment al
,
Agricul
tural,Fl
ora,Public Heal
th & Hydro
geologicalAspects.

Was t
ewat erqual
ityf
ordisposaltostr
eams
(
2010)
Requires tr
inged qual
it
y( mor ethen f
or
i
rri
gation)andalsoaspecialper
mi t
.

Thewayt
oachi
evet
hes
tandar
ds:

Organics,TSS,N & P -Ter ti

aryTreatment
(W W TP)
Pathogens-Di si
nfect
ion(W W TP)
Met al
s-Tr eatmentatt hesource
(I
ndus tr
ialpretreatment)
SaltRemoval-Tr eatmentatt he sour
ce;
I
ndus tri
alpr etr
eatment& s ea disposalof
thebr i
ne

Thet otalmunici
pallsewageinI sr
aelis540
MCM. 99% of t he s ewage i s central
ly
coll
ected,1%i sdi
scharged to cesspoolsi
n
ruralar
eas;97% i
streated:82% isr
eclaimed
foruse,18% i
srel
easedt otheri
versors ea.

The qualit
y oftreated was tewat erisvery
high.The reuse oft r
eated was tewaterfor
i
rrigat
ionservestwomai ngoal s:
rel
iabl
ewat ersour ceforagri
cul t
ur eevenin
droughtyear s
,pr otecti
ng wat err es
ources
andpr eventstr
eam pol lut
ion.

The hi
gh reuse ofef
fluentinIsr
aelled to
new i
nnovative t
echnol
ogies for
wastewat
ert r
eatment.
Page 10
Lect
ure: Wat
erPoli
cyand r
egulati
on Is
raelhasatot
alwatersupplyof2345MCM
of wat
er sector accordi
ngtovari
oussector
sin2018.

byMr
.DannyGr
eenwal
d,I
WA Outofthis,agri
cul
ture account
sfor1
170
MCM (70%),Domes ti
c and Indust
ry1
010
TheI ntegr
atedWaterSect
orManagement MCM (
43%)amongot hers.Thi
smeanst
her
(I
WSM) model r evol
ves ar
ound water i
sawatersupplydeficiency.
resourcesfr
om t
hreedomains
:

Manufactured:
Was t
ewat
erReuse
Seawaterandbracki
shDesal
inat
ion

Natural
:Preci
pit
ati
ons
Enri
chment
Cl
imat eChangeModels

Int
egr at
ion:Nat
ionalwatergrid
Totalsewagecollecti
onandr euse
Semi annualoperati
onalpl
an
Preservati
onandRecover yconstr
aint
s

Wat
erChal
lenges
Wat
erSuppl
yinI
srael(
2020)

In accor dance wi t
h t he government
decis
ions s i
nce 2001 , var
ious wat er
desali
nation pl
antshavebeen setup such
as As hkelon - BOT 120 MCM/ Y (VID),
Palmachi m -BOO 90 MCM/ Y(Via Mari
s),
Hader a-BOT 1 27 MCM/Y(H2ID),Sorek –
TheRi
ghtf
orWat
er BOT1 50MCM/ Y(SDL),
Ashdod–100MCM/ Y
(TKMekor otDevelop.
)

Wateris a basi
c commodityforhumans
and envi
ronment . Ever
y per
son shoul
d Therear
evariousst
akeholder
sinvol
ved i
n
haveari
ghtf orwater
. thecomplexs
ectorofwatermanagement.

Butthewaterisafr
eecommodityonl
yini
ts
nat
uralshape,whereaswewantdon’
twant Stakehol der
sinvolved i
nt he wat
ers ector
wateri
nnat ur
alshape. i
ncl ude Wat er Pr oducti
on, r egional
transport, local s uppl
y and s ewage
Todayt heri
ghtf orwateris–to open the collecti
on, s ewage t r
eatment, and
tap,to flusht he water i
nt he toil
et,to reclaimedwat erusers.
operate an i
rri
gati
on syst
em,t o connect
watert othe product
ion li
ne,tolive i
na Wat
erGover
nance
proper sani
tary,unpoll
uted and healthy
envir
onment .
Page 11
Regulation: wat erstandar ds&r iversmanagement
WATER AUTHORI TY COUNCI L - One The Mi ni s
ter ofHeal th – drinking wat er
deci
sion- makingregulat
orybody standar ds
Prof
essional(notpoli
ti
cal)l
evel TheMi nisterofFi nance–al ls ectorstari
ffs;
I
ntegrativeapproach budgetcont r
ol
The Ur ban s uppl i
ers Commi s
sioner –
Finance: l
icens es&moni tori
ng
Costrecover
yforsuppli
ers Publ i
cAut hori
tyf orwat er&s ewage–t ar
iff
s
Fair
nessanduniformit
yf orcons
umer
s ands tandar dsf orur bans uppliers
The Sewage Admi nistr
ati
on –pl anning &
Servi
ceSt
andards financi ngwas tewat erpurificat i
onpl ants
I
nvestmentsi
ninfr
astr
ucture ThePar l
iament–Tar i
ff
sappr oval
Highqual
itys
tandardsforendus
ers W ater Commi ss i
oner – wat er r esources
management
TheI
srael
iW at
erLaw -1
959
Asa cons equence,t her
e wasdecadesof
W at
er bel ongs to the publ i
c and is consecuti
vecr is
es ,adeficitof2billi
oncubi c
managedbyt hestat
eforthepubl icandf
or meter s
,per manent damage t o aquifers
,
thedevelopmentoft hecount r
y. l
ack ofoverallpl anning,wat ershor t
age &
Extr
acti
ngands uppl
yingwat erdemandsa unstablequot asint heagricultur
alsector
permitf
rom t heIWAdi r
ector
. Leaking infrastructure, wat er pollution
envir
onment aldamages.

TheI
srael
iWat
erLaw –2006Amendment
s

Onepr of
es si
onalregulator yauthor i
ty–The
Isr
aeliWat er&SewageAut hori
ty
The IWA i sgover ned by a Wat erCounci l
that combi nes r epresentatives f rom
rel
evantmi nistr
iesandf rom thepubl i
c.
W ater Aut horit
y Counci l:One Tabl ef or
decisi
on maki ng - i ncluding Publ i
c
representatives, Minist
r y of Agr i
culture,
MinistryofEner gy,MinistryofEnvi r
onment ,
MinistryofFi nance,andMi nis
tryofI nt
erior.

Wat
ert
ari
ffr
efor
ms

The pr i
nciple of cover i
ng al l cost
s
provi
ding res ources for inf
rastr
uctur
es
Regul
ator
yFunct
ionsunt
il2007 needed forwat ers uppl
y and encour
ages
waterconservati
on.
TheMi nisterofI nf
rastructur
es–wat erlevies
The Mi nister ofI nteri
or – tar
iff
sf or the Thepri
nci
pleoff
air
ness&uni f
ormit
y. Asa
domes tic&i ndus tr
ialsector
,urbanwat er& rul
e,al
lus
ersofwateri
nagi vensectorpay
sewagepl anni ng thesamepri
ce,r
egardl
essofthei
rlocati
on.
The Mini s
t erofAgr icul
ture – agri
cultural
tar
iff
s&quot as EconomicPoli
cy
The Mi nister for Environment – s ewage Thetar
iff
sar
es etbyt
heWat
erCounci
l.
Page 12
TheWat erandSewageCor por ati
onsLaw - Lectur
e:Non Revenue wat
er (
NRW )
2001 reduct
ion
Transferr
ingtherespons ibil
it
yf orsupplyi
ng
wat er&s ewages er
vicest ocompani esthat byMr
.It
aiSagi
,IWA
belong t othe muni ci
palit
ies in ordert o
ensur ethe professi
onalmanagement of InIs raelt her e arefew pr act i
cest hatar e
i
nf r
astructur
e&s ervice. i
mpl ement ed s ucces s
full
yt or educe t he
Combi ni
ngwat er&s ewages er vi
cesatt he NRW:
handofonepr ofessi
onalent ity. Wat ermet er sreplacementandi ns tal
lati
on
The s tandar d wat er met er s are t o be
TheWat erandSewageCor porati
onsLaw replaced i nI sr
aelonce ever y five year s.
Regulating t he engi neeri
ng & s ervi
ce Never t hel
es sbef oret he est abli
s hmentof
standards. themuni cipalwat ercor porat i
ons ,manyof
Setti
ng thet ari
ffsf
ort heservicessuppli
ed these met ers wer e outdat ed.Two ot her
by the compani es and sett
ing them on associ ated problems are faulty/
economi calbas i
s. mal funct i
oni ng/br okenmet ers,
andl ackof
Moni t
oring t he compl i
ance t o t he met er ingonmanys upplyconnect i
ons .
The
standards&t arif
fsthatweres et. firstandbas icstepinNRW cont rol
(mai nly admi nist
rati
ve)i sr eplacementof
TheWat erMeasurementLaw -1955 old and br oken met ersand i nstall
ation of
Extr
acti
ngwat erandsupplyi
ngwat ermust met er sonal lcons umerconnect ions .
bemeas ured byauthor
ized measurement
equipment. Advancedwi
rel
essmet
eri
ngs
yst
em:
Suppli
er mus t measure t he amount
suppli
edtoeachcostumers eparat
ely. Thiss ys t
em al l
owsqui ck ident ificat i
on of
waterl eakages and i r
regul ardemand of
Wat erDril
li
ngsControlLaw -1
955 wateri nr ealt ime.Thi ss ystem al ert swhen
Dril
li
ngawat erwel
lrequir
esapermi tf
rom therei sa pr oblem,and al l
owst he wat er
thedirectoroftheI
WA. corporat i
ont ocheckt hes our ceoft heleak
Shutting down and seali
ng a waterwell closet ot he di scover yt ime and t o fixt he
requir
esaper mitf
rom thedirect
oroft he l
eakagesqui ckly.
I
WA. Quickdi scover yand fixi ng pr event swat er
was t
ei nl eakage,and i sr egar ded byt he
Principalsand Goalsoft he IsraelW ater IWA–
SectorRef orms WLTF as a bas i
c wat er los st r
eat ment
Cons umer s:Water s upplyis a val uable met hod.
commodi ty.The watert ari
ff
s enabl et he Inst
alling t hiss ystem r equi res changi ng
sustainabi
lit
y ofa r eli
able wat er supply, watermet ersint hewat ers uppl ys ystem of
preservingthenaturalwat erresourcesand thecity,
keepingacl eanenvironment to met erst hatar ecapabl et ot rans mi tan
outputt ol ong di stancedat at rans mi ssi
on
Supplier
s:Rel
iable waterand wastewat
er syst
em.One oft he goal s was t oi ns t
all
servi
ces; infrast
ructure development , advanced wi rel
es ss ystem.Aspar toft his
effici
encyandhi ghservi
cestandar
ds . proces s new wat er met ers r eplaced
exis
tingol doneswhi chr esultedi na
Regul ator
: Simple and t r
ansparent decreas eofNRW af terther epl acement .
regulatory s
ystem that enables t he
developmentand oper
ati
on ofthe water Pr
essur
eManagementSyst
em
sector.
Page 13
Dynami cadj ustmentoft hepres s
urei nthe Repl acingol dpipel ine
water s upplys ys t
em accor ding t o the Thisi ncludesr eplacementofpi peli
net hat
demand i nrealti
me.Thes ystem isbas ed haspas sedi t
slif
etimeexpect ancy,low level
on pr essureregul ati
ng val
ves whi ch are mat er i
als ( especi ally as bes tos-cement
controll
ed locall
y orf rom remot e control pipes t hatwer e us ed int he 1 960's),and
center,according tot heminimalr equired leakage pr one ar easknown f orhi storyof
moment arypr essureineachzonei nor der bur sts. Mos t of t he muni cipal wat er
tosuppl ytherequi reddemand. corpor ationsmanagemas si
veoper ationof
piping r eplacementas t op pr iori
ty when
NRW sur
vey: establ i
shed,t ofixt henegl i
genceofmany
years. Theact i
vit
yi scos tl
yandcompl icated
Aprocessdesignedt olocat
eal lt
hef act
ors duet owor kingonl iveinfrastructurei nthe
causi
ng NRW,bot h admi ni
st r
ati
ve aswell citys tr
eets.I tis us ual
lys pr ead over a
as i
nt he pi
peline connecting the water number of year s;5- 10 year pr ogram of
suppli
erandthecons umer . networ krehabili
tation.

Wat
erMet
ers Act ivedi scover yofhi ddenl eakages:
Thecommonmet eri
ngequi pmenti nmos t Thisoper at i
ons tartedt obepar tofthedai l
y
l
ocalaut hori
ti
eshasa nomi nalflow rate, wor kr out i
nei nt hewat ercor porations .This
whi ch isl es
ss ensi
tive for minor flows . system r equi res a dai ly check of t he
Dur ing the l
astyears,wat ermet era wit
h pipel i
ne us ing mai nly acous ti
c- based
highernomi nalflow r at
e wer e used.The equi pmentand vi suali ns pect ion ofpi pe
nomi nalflow rat
eoft hemet er,aff
ectsits bur sts.I nstalli
ng i ns tr
ument st o pr event
sens it
ivi
tyt o measur e flow r ate range wat er hammer . Wat er hammer i s
i
ncl uding verysmallflow.The r esultisa gener atedf rom qui cks hutofpi peflow and
higherl evelofaccuracy,al soinlow flow can bur s
t pi pes cr eat i
ng cons equent
rates. leakagest hatwi llleadt olos sofwat er.The
diff
er ent t echni ques t o pr event t his
Combi
nedwat
ermet
ers phenomenoni ncl udes :slowl yopeni ngand
Thesearewatermet ersthatareadapt edto closing of val ves and pumps s tart-ups ;
highandlow flow rat eshavi
ngadoubl e choos i
ngt her i
ghtpl ace, sizeandki ndofai r
mechanism.The r elevant met er si
de i s valve( kinet i
cs ,aut omat ical l
yorcombi ned) ;
acti
vat
edaccordingt otheact ualflow rate. wat er-hammer puls ation dampi ng
Those meter
s are des i
gned fori ndust
rial equi pmentet c.
and commer ci
alcons umer s becauset he Enf orcingands uper vi
sion:
rangeoftheflow ratei smor evaried. Thisi nvolvest heus eofl egalandr egul atory
meanst odet erpeopl ef rom s t
ealingwat er.
Cont
rols
yst
ems The r egul ati
ons al low var ious t ools ;the
Thisincludesar ealt i
met ransmi ssi
on toa extreme cas es bei ng confis cat i
on,wat er
controlcenterf r om al lwat erf acil
it
ies.I n suppl yhal tandbankaccount sseizur e.
case ofa pr obl em,t he system pr oduces
warningal ar
ms , whi chmakesi tpossiblet o Distri
ctMet eredAr ea(DMA) :
fix the problem qui ckly befor ethe wat er A r ather new met hod impl ement ed in
l
eakageors hor t l
yaf t
ert hel eakages t
ar ts
. Isr
ael,dividingt hecitytoseveralzonesthat
Thecont rolsys t
em pr ovidesdat aforfutur e are met er ed f orinflow and cons umpt i
on
planning.Thei ns tall
at i
on oft hes ystem i n separately. Themanagementoft hes ys
tem
the cit
y ofNet anya ( 200,000 popul ation, all
ows f ocus on NRW i s
sues qui ckly,
areaof30km )achi
2 evedar educt i
onof50% efficiently and pr eci
sel
y. The met hod
i
nNRW. requiresi ns tal
lati
on ofregionalmet erson
Page 14
the ci
tys upply mains as wellas l ocal Lect
ure:Muni
cipalWat
erCor
por
at i
ons
meteri
ng and tr
ansmi s
sion ofi
nformat i
on i
n Israel
to a cont r
ol center ( t
his pract
ice i s
i
mpl emented in the ci ty of Net anya, byAdvOmerVar
di,Headofwat
erand
200,
000popul ati
on)
. sewagecor
por
ati
ons,I
WA

Lear
nings: W aterl aw inI s
raeli squi t
edi stinctive.The
firstsent enceofI srael’swat erl
aw s ays ,
“ The
Divi
sion of t he system t o i solated count ry’s wat er r esources ar e publ i
c
sub-zones ,
all
owi nguseofs ui
tablevalueof proper ty controlled by t he state and ar e
pressureforthes peci
ficzone.Thi smet hod designat ed fort he needsoft he res i
dent s
i
s es peciall
y i mportant when t he and devel opmentoft he count r
y.”Wat er
watersystem includespr i
vate housesand resources ,for t he pur pos e of t hisl aw,
mul t
i-st
oreyneighborhoods ,orwhent here i
nclude s pri
ngs ,s treams ,r i
ver s,l akes ,
are areas int he water system that ar e reservoirs,eithers urface orgr oundwat er,
separatedinthet opographywi thel
evat i
on naturalorar t
ificial.Allthewat erbel ongst o
dif
ferences. the stat e,and t he s tatei sthe r egul ator.
Wat ert hati spumped f rom t he s ea also
Thei ntroducti
onofpr essur
emanagement belongst othes tate.
areas ( PMAs ) and DMA management
requiresdefining thear eaofthenet work, Unt il2007,t heWat erCommi ssioni nI sr
ael
closi
ngt heboundariesandmeas ur i
ngthe wasunderonemi nistry.I
tus edt obeunder
i
nflows and out flows -whet herf orDMA the Mi nistry ofAgr i
culture,t hen i t was
analysisortocontrolinletpress
ur es.Cl
early trans f
er r
ed t o the Mi nistry of Nat i
onal
wher e t he topogr aphy di ctates, the Infr
as tructures(todaycal ledt heMi nistryof
planning ofPMAs and DMAs s hould be Ener gy) .Buttherewer eal otofmi nistriesin
under taken as one over all concept , the I sr
ael iadmi nistrati
on r es pons iblef or
although i mplement at
ion of one s tage some f ragmentoft he wat ers ector.For
maycomebef oretheot her. exampl e, wat er pol lution was t he
respons i
bili
ty of t he Mi nistr
y of
Envi ronment , wat er s uppl y t o t he
muni cipalit
iesint heur ban s ect orwast he
respons i
bili
tyoft heMi nistryofI nterior,al
l
the i nves t
ment s needed t oi mpr ove t he
wat ers ystem wer eundert hes uper vis
ionof
the Mi nis t
ryofFi nance,and wat ers uppl y
for agr i
culture fellt o t he Mi nis
try of
Agr i
cul ture.

In 2006, a maj or l egis l

ative r eform
establis
hedt heWat erAuthor i
ty,whi chisa
single prof
essionalor gan t hats etspol i
cy
and byl aws,gover ned by a counci lt hat
i
ncludeshi gh-rankingr epres entati
vesf rom
allrel
evantmi ni
str
ies( Agricul t
ure,Ener gy,
Environment , Fi nance, and I nterior)
togetherwi thtwopubl icr
epr esentatives,a
one- t
able, pr of
es si
onal, i ndependent
decisionmaki ngbody.
Page 15
The I srael iwat er s ector i s es sent iall
ya inhabi tant s),1 44 l ocalcounci lsi ns mal l
closedmar ket ,whi chmeanst hati tswat er towns and 53 r egi onalcounci l
si nr ur al
rates need t o cover al lt he i nves tment , ar eas . The Wat er and Sewer age
mai ntenancecos t s,and ener gycos tst hat Cor por at ions Law,2001 pr ovi des f or t he
are needed t o s uppl y pot abl e wat er, cr eat ion ofr egi onalcompani es t o whi ch
whet her f or domes tic, i ndus trial, or localaut hor ities woul d gr adual l
yt rans fer
agr i
cult ural us e. Ther e i s one r ate f or thei rwat er& s ewer age s er vices .The 2001
domes t i
c us e,one f ori ndus trialus e,and Law ai msat ,interal ia, ful lcos trecover yand
one f or agr i
cul turalus e,but added up, the pr omot ion of pr ivat e s ect or
thos er atesneed t o covert he f ul lcos tof inves tment sf ori nf ras truct ur e. Thet rans fer
providing pot able wat er .The s ituat ion is ofs er vicepr ovis i
on f rom muni cipal i
t i
est o
diff
erentf orr ecycl ed wat er ,becaus ei tis publ ics er vice ent ities( cal led " Wat erand
needed t o cl eart he mar ketand s uppor t Sewer age Cor por at ions ") i s i ni tially
farmer si nt aking t he ef fluent f rom t he vol unt ary, butatal at ers tagei twi llbecome
sewage t r eat ment pl ant st o us e i tt o compul sory.I thadbeeni ni tiallyenvi saged
i
r r
igate.Thatmeans t he i nf ras truct urei s that by 201 0 al l muni cipal wat er and
suppor ted t hr ough gover nment albudget sewer age s er vices woul d have been
subs i
di es and l oans . The pr incipl e of trans fer r
ed t o Wat er and Sewer age
cover i
ngal lthecos tsofi nf ras truct ur e,real Cor por at ions .
estate,andwat ers uppl yencour ageswat er TheCor por ationsmays er vet hear eaofone
cons ervat ion. or mor e muni ci pality, wher e al l
Asar ul e,al lwat erus ersi n agi ven s ector muni ci pal i
tiesi nt hes ervi cecover agear ea
payt hes amepr icer egar dles sofl ocat ion. have t o agr ee. The Cor por at i
ons have
However ,i n or der t os uppor tt he bas i
c qual ity of s ervice obl igat i
ons and ar e
needsoft hedomes ti
cs ect or ,at wo- block requi red t o obt ain a per mi tf rom t he
tari
ffs ys t
em i si n pl ace.Ther atef orwat er Mi ni str y oft he I nter ior .The Cor por at i
ons
up t o 3. 5 cubi c met ers( 924 gal l
ons )per maybe owned ei therbyt he muni ci pal ity
per s
on permont h—whi ch i st he nor mal (ies )in whos es ervicear eat heyoper at eor
amo
m untf ordomes ticus e—i saboutUS$2. 10 bypr ivat ei nves tors .TheGover nmentmay
percubi cmet er.Pas t3. 5cubi cmet er sper int ervene i n t he oper at ion of t he
per s
on permont h,t her at esr i
s et o about cor por ation, i ncl udi ng t r
ans fer ri
ng t he
US$3. 50 percubi cmet er .Thos et wo r ates pr ovi sionoft hes ervi cest oanot herent i
t yi n
cover al lt he cos ts f or devel opment , cas eoff ailurei ns ervi cepr ovi s i
on, i
ncl udi ng
mai ntenance, ener gy, etc. incas eofbankr upt cy.Theai m wast ohave
onl y about 1 5l arge r egi onalwat er and
The Gover nment Wat er and Sewage sani tation compani es. However , 52
Aut hor it
yi sr espons i
blef ormanagement , compani eshadbeenes t
abl ishedasof201 0
oper at i
on,cons ervati
on & r ehabi li
tation of becaus emayor sr esis tedt hees t ablishment
the nat ural wat er r esour ces and t he ofl argerr egi onalcompani es .An exampl e
regul ation ofwat ers ectori n accor dance ofa mul ti-muni cipalut ili
t yt hatpr ecedes
witht he gover nment '
s pol icies and t he the2001l aw i st heDanRegi onalSewer age
rules s etby t he author i
ty counci l
.Wat er Boar d ( Shaf dan) , whi ch i ncl udes s even
distri
but i
on and s anitation i s t he muni ci pal i
ties i n and ar ound TelAvi v.I t
respons ibil
it
y of 52 r egional wat er and ownst heDanwas tewat ert reat mentpl ant ,
sewer cor porations that s er ve 132 l ocal thel ar ges twas tewat ert reat mentpl anti n
aut hor i
ties wi th 5.5 mi l
li
on i nhabit ant s
. thecount rywhi cht reat sabout1 30mi llion
Out sidet heirarea,theys ervedi rectly.Local cubi c met er s ofwas tewat erannual l
yf or
aut hor i
ties cons ist of 76 ci ti
es ( wit h a reus ei n agr icul ture.Mekor otoper at est he
popul ati
onr angi ngf r
om 2, 500t o750, 000 pl antonbehal fofShaf dan.
Page 16
1
0th May,
2022
Day3
Fiel
dVisi
t:Hayor
konRi
verr
ehabi
li
tat
ionpr
oject
,
YarkonNati
onalpar
k
byMr
.Yonat
anRaz,Ecol
ogi
st,Yar
konRi
verAut
hor
ity

The Yar kon Ri ver Aut hor ity ( YRA) was A por ti
on of t he flow cont inues
creat edt or ehabi li
t atethi sheavi l
ypol l
ut ed downs tream t o mai ntainr ivercont inui ty.
and envi ronment ally degr aded r iver, Thi s has t he ef f
ect of mai ntaining t he
i
nt egr ating i ssues r elating t o wat er es tuar ine envi ronment and pr ovi ding a
management , ecol ogy, aes thet ics and muchneededs uppl yofwat erf ori r
rigat ion.
l
ei sur e. The s even mai n muni cipal iti
es Ammoni as tandar dshavebeen pl aced on
thr oughwhi cht her i
verflowsf or med the was tewat er di schar ges i n or der t o
theYRAt opr epar eaMas terPl ant or es tor e mai nt ain a heal thy fis h ( aquat ic)
ther ivert oi tsfor mergl oryandt ocombi ne envi ronmentandr educt i
onsi nmet alsand
thiswi th al ei
sur e and ecol ogicalYar kon chemi cal s have been addr essed by
Par k. di schar gingfinal effluent st hr oughwet land
The Yar kon was one oft he f ew r i
ver si n sys tems .
Israelt hathadaper manentflow ofs pr ings , Themas terpl an fol l
owst hegui delinesf or
fed f rom t he mount ain aqui f
ersi nt he riverr ehabi l
itationi nI sraelandi sbas edon
cent ral r egi on.Today,wat er has t o be the pr emi set hatonl y 9 mi llon m /
i 3
yrof
pumpedf rom t hegr oundt of eedt her iver. fres hwat ercoul d be al locat ed,1 2 mi l
li
on
Reas onabl y good qual ity wat er f eeds m/ 3
yr ofwhi ch i s al r
eady al l
ocat ed.The
agr icul tureupt oapoi ntjus teas toft heci ty allocat ion t o be r eleas ed f r
om t he
ofTelAvi v.Fr om t henonwat erqual ityand i
mpoundedEi nAf eks prings ,toget herwi th
quant it
yr api dlydecl ine. the al locat ion oft reated was tewat er,i st o
TheYRAi si nvolvedi nmos toft hepl anni ng guar ant ee 1 0 per cent of t he or iginal
proces sest hati nfluencet heYar konand flow—2, 500m / 3
hr.
cont rolsdi s char gesi ntot her i
verbywas te The wat erwi llbe s oldt o us er salong t he
wat er t reat ment pl ant s and f rom rivercour se,t hati st oaut hor it
ieswhowi l
l
cons truct ion s ites and agr icultur e,et c.I t oper at e par ts of t he r i
par ian ar eas as
act s as an advi sory body and t ries t o recr eat ionalar eas .Fi nall
y,pr iort oreachi ng
coor dinat e act i
vi t
ies bet ween the thel as t,salines ectionoft her iver,thewat er
stakehol der st oachi evet heirmandat e.The wi llbe i mpounded f orconvent i
onalus e.
MayorofTelAvi vi sa s uppor terand i si n Thus ,except f or t he l i
ttle wat er los t by
directcont actwi tht heGener alDi rect or . evapor at ion,t her ewi l
lbeno l ossest ot he
The Mas terPl an i ncludes i ncr eas ing t he nat i
onalwat erbudget .Per col ated wat er
flow byi nt roduci ngf reshwat eratt hehead wi llr echar get heaqui fer,and t her es twi l
l
oft her iverand byaccept ing final( tertiar y bes oldt wice.
treat ed) ef fluent s.Jus t bef oret he r iver Thi sar rangements houl df ullycompens ate
es tuar y,wat erispumped outand t reat ed for t he cos t of i mpoundi ng t he wat er
by membr anes t o al low f or par k and downs tream r at hert hanups t ream neart he
agr icul turali rri
gat ion. sour ce ( i.
e., wi l
l cover t he cos t of
Page 17
uplif
t i
ng t he wat er f or us er s
). Tons of 0.
2m/ sec(withwaterwidt
handdept hofat
garbagehavebeenr emovedf rom t her i
ver l
east5m and0. 5m,res
pectivel
y).I
tshould
tores toreitsoriginaldept h, reinforced, and be noted that compli
ance wi th human
rai
sed,STPs i n s ome ci t
ies di schar ging heal
th r egulat
ions al
one can s ti
ll be
was tewat er t o t he r iver have been dest
ructi
ve t o t he r i
ver'
s aquat i
c
i
naugur ated, and mos qui to l arvae ar e bi
odiversi
ty.
contr oll
ed by i ntroduced pr edat ory fis h
(Gambus i
a)and bys eas onalappl ication of
Baill
us t huringiens i
si sraelens is( BTI),a
mos qui tolarvae— s pecificpat hogen,i nert
toallot herformsofl i
fe.Thel as tappr oachi s
a demons tr
at i
on oft he pot entialus e of
l
ocal bi odiversit
y — t his pat hogen,
discover ed in an I sr
aeliephemer alpond,
hasbecomet hemaj ormeansofcont rolof
l
ocalmos quitoes,and al soas our ce of
i
ncomeasanexpor tproduct .

Lear
nings

The r ecipe and t i

metable for t he
rehabil
it
ationoft
he"
dead"ri
versofI
sraeli
s
asfol
lows :

(1
)al egalprocedureofwat erall
ocat
ion t
o
Isr
ael'sr i
versar emanaged wi th emphas i
s the rivershould be compl et
ed,and the
ont hebi ophys i
cal princi
ples,toens uret hat discharge ofthe all
ocated water s
hould
ri
ver s houl d have wat ers t hat s ustain proceed;
biodiversity,and al so all
ow f oreconomi c
developmental ong t he ri
vercour s e.Wi th (2)pointpol
lut
ion sourcesalong the r
iver
respectt o waterquant it
y,atl es st han 1 0 courseshoul
dberemoved, andatthesame
percent of nat ur albas e flow ( excluding timenonpointpoll
ut i
ons ourcess
houldbe
stormwat er)ther i
verceas est of unct ionas i
dentifiedandcontrolled;
a r i
ver, wher eas t his 10 per cent flow
quant it
ycanbet olerated,providedt hislow (
3)meas
ur es f
ors econdar
yt r
eatmentof
flow onl y occur sf or shor t per iods . To s
ewagesourcesshouldbetaken;and
mai ntain t he aquat ic and r iparian
biodiversity,30per centofnat ur albas eflow (4)t
ertiarytreatments hould be appli
ed,
i
s mi nimal s us tained aver age. Wat er and facil
it
ies for pool
ing was tewater to
quality s tandar ds ar e pr opos ed f or cont
rolt he flow oft he river shoul
d be
chlorination, f or or ganic l oad, f or cons
tructedandoper ated.
ammoni um andf orpH ands alinity( whi ch
mus tbekeptwi t hinrangespr eval enti nt he
naturals tream) .A pr erequisi
tef ormeet i
ng
theses tandar dsi sthatt hevel ocitys houl d
notbel owert han
Page 18
Fi
eld Vi
sit
:Mei Avivi
m - Munici
pal (
6) Inspecting wat
er meters
,as wel
las
WaterUt
il
ityCompany,TelAvi
v moni t
ori
ng and r epor
ting cons
umption
i
rregular
iti
es;
by Ms. Rouska Nikol
ayev, Deput
y
Di
rect
orGeneral
,Chi
efEngineer (7)Provi
ding i
nfor
mat i
on f
ors
avi
ng and
costr
educt i
onsol
utions

Mei Avi vi
m i st he wat er ut il
ity of Tel Mai
ntenanceandpr
event
iveact
ions:
Aviv-Jaffa,oper ating underf ullowner s hip
ofTelAvi v’smuni cipal i
t y.MeiAvi vi
m’sgoal MeiAvi vi
m worksyear-round t o maintai
n
i
st oi mpr oveandopt imi zet heci ty’
swat er water and s ewage s ystems wi th the
and s ewage i nfrastr uct ur e and pr ovi de assi
stance ofprof
ess
ionalt eams t hrough
resi
dent s wi t
h qual i
ty and advanced advanced cont
roland s
uper visorysystems
service t hrough t he us e of advanced andini mplementi
ngpr eventiveactions.
technol ogy,whi ch enabl esef ficiency and
professional is
m i n al l company act i
vities Mai ntenance act i
viti
es i nclude annual /
andadher est opr i
nci plesofenvi ronment al periodic/ weekl y treatment s of var i
ous
quality.MeiAvi vim pr ovi dess ervicetoover systems ,ans wer i
ng and t roubl eshooting
465,000r esident s,car riesoutover1 00, 000 i
s s
uess uchasl eaks,explosions,damaget o
service cal l
s per year and ans wer s over fire ext inguishers,s ewage l ine br eaks
,
200,000cal lsannual l
y. faults
,etc.Alloft hesemal funct ions ,which
Thecompanyoper ates24/ 7andi schar ged occurf requent ly(near l
y 500 permont h)
,
withs ettingupandoper at i
ngpr event ative arecar r
iedoutt opr eservet hewat ersupply
mai ntenanceandr epai ract i
viti
esofwat er, ands ewages ystem.
sewage, anddr ainagenet wor ksbyut il
izing
the bes tr esour ces avai l
able, adopt i
ng Year
-RoundPr
event
ati
veMai
ntenance:
i
nnovat i
ve t echnol ogi es ,and empower i
ng
human r esour ces at t he manager ial, (1
)Cl eani
ng Rai nwaterDr ai
nsin Winter-
professional ,ands ociet all evels
. Mos t rainwater dr ai
ns ar e uncovered.
Hence, t hroughout t he year, garbage
Mai
nAr
easofAct
ivi
ty: accumul ates and cl
ogs them.As par tof
winterpr eparati
ons,around 15,
000 drains
(1
)Supervi
sing f
actoryl
iqui
d was
tethat throughoutt hecityarecleanedinordert o
flowsi
ntothewat erands
ewagesyst
ems; enabl e free flow of r ainwater to the
drainagelinesandt opreventflooding.
(
2)Restor
ingandimprovi
nginfr
astr
ucture
Connecti
ng new neighbor
hoods t o t
he (2)CleaningSewageLi nes-Mor ethan50%
munici
palwaterands
ewages yst
ems ; of s ewage-relat
ed s ervice cal ls ar e
connect ed wi t
h obstructed s ewage l ines.
(
3)Car
ryi
ngoutper
iodi
cmai
ntenance; Thus,col l
ecting and r emovi ng trashi na
way t hatdoesnotaccumul ate down t he
(
4) Keeping an eye out for advanced l
ine and wi l
lnotcaus e obs tr
uction isa
t
echnologiesandthei
rappl
icat
ionusagein signi
ficant and i mpor tant par t oft hese
t
hemuni cipalwat
ersect
or; prevent at
ive operati
ons .Was hi
ng t he li
ne
andr emovi ngdi r
tandgar bagei sthebes t
(
5) I mprovi
ng and s tr
eamlini
ng t he way t o avoidr epeated bl ockage and t o
i
nformati
on and s
ervi
ce sys
tems forcit
y extend t he lif
e of line.The cl eaning i s
r
esident
s; carri
edoutaspar toft hegener alprogram

Page 19
basedontherecommendati
onsoft
hear
ea and cos t-effect ive means of
managers and from report
s fil
ed on troubl eshoot ing.Af ter the cl eaning,t he
repeat
edobst
ructi
ons. phot ogr aphyi sof tencar r
iedoutbyar obot
threaded i ntot he dr ain.The t ransmitted
(3) St
orm Pr epar edness - Des pite pr i
or phot os pr ovi
de i nfor mat ion such as t he
preparati
on forwi nter,i
nclementweat her type ofl i
ne,i tsdi amet er
,and mechani cal
canbr i
ngamul t
itudeofmal f
unctionsand i
nf ormat i
on,as wel l as addi tional dat a
damagess uchasr oadandhomefloodi ng, regar ding t he over al lcondition.The dat a
sewerdr ain overflows ,etc.MeiAvi vi
m i s transmi tted f rom t he camer a enabl es
prepared wi th addi t
ional reinf
orcement mal funct iondet ect ionandt reatmenteven
teamsand s ewagepump t r
ucks,readyt o bef oret hei roccur rence,t huscont ri
buting
respond quicklyand pr ofessi
onall
yt o any to an ef f
ect i
ve and pr o-acti
ve wor k plan
i
r r
egularoccurrence. thats avesr esour ces .

(4)Valveand Tap Mai ntenance-Themai n

wat ervalveisaki ndofl arget apconnect ed Fi
eld Vi
sit: Water management i
n
tot he muni ci
palwat erpl umbi ng.Int he ur
baninf
rastruct
ureproj
ect
s
eventofan expl osi
on,t he valvesmus tbe
closed.Abr oken- downval vemeanscl osing byMrNi
rPi
nhasovi
ch,CEO
thewat eri not hervalvesanddamaget oa
l
ar ge number ofr esident s who wi llnot NTAMassTr
ansi
tSyst
em
havewat ersuppl yduringt her epairper iod.
Mei Avi vim pr ovi
des per iodic val ve TelAvi vmet ropolit
anar eahol ds3.
8mi lli
on
mai ntenance t hroughout t he year by resident s
,1 .
0 mi ll
ion empl oyees working
mappi ng,l ocating and t r
eat i
ng t heval ves wi t
hint hemet ropol i
tan ar
eaand 440, 000
i
n or dert o avoid,t ot he ext entpos s i
bl e, vehiclesent ering the area every working
breakdowns .Thes e act i
vities significant l
y day!
reduce t he numberofmal f
unct ions and NTA,a gover nmentowned company f or
alsolessen t he numberofwat erout ages cons tructi
on and oper ati
on of a mas s
dur i
ngr epairs. transitsystem wasf ormedi nordertoserve
alloft heabovewi th aquick,comf ort
abl e
(5)ReplacingLi nesandConnect ions- and ef ficients olution.There are 3 met ro
Mei Avi vim car r
ies out pr eventati
ve li
neswi thabudgetof1 50bill
ionNIS,and3
operations i n connect ion wi t
h pi ping li
ghtr aill
ineswi thabudgetof48NI S.
fixtures and wat er fit t
erst hrough t he
mappi ng,l ocatingandt r
eatingofol dli
nes Thel i
ghtrai
lnetwor
khasthreel i
nes
:Red
thatmay expl ode.Thes e acti
ons helpt o l
ine,Greenli
neandpurplel
ine,withgreen
reduce was ti
ng wat er
.They alsoi ncr
eas e l
ine having the maxi
mum r i
des of 75
pressure and flow i nt he muni ci
pall i
nes mill
ionperyear.
and s i
gni ficant l
yr educe t he amount of
pipeli
ne expl osions. Ongoing t reatment TheGr
eenLi
ne
and prevent ative operati
onsr educe wat er
supply di srupt i
ons and hel p t o avoi d Lengthoftheli
ne-39KM
was t
ingwat er. Lengthofthetunnels-4KM
Dist
ancebetweengr oundstat
ions-500m
Lear
nings Dist
ancebet ween under
ground st
ati
ons-
800m
Camer
as f
ormal
funct
ion i
dentificat
ion i
s Approvedbudget-1 8.
9bi
lli
on
one of t he mos t ef fici
ent and Groundstati
ons-58
Page 20
Undergroundstati
ons-4 Detai
led Des i
gn- Inf
ra 1 - Impact s of
St
ati
ondept .-25-
30meters Constructi
on (Noi se/
Vibrati
ons/ Acousti
c
Operat
ingdate-2028 Prot
ect i
on/ Soil Surplus/ Contaminat
ion
(
Soil or Wat er
)/ Dewat eri
ng and wat er
Management /Dus tReduction)

Detailed Desi
gn-I
nfr
a 2- I mpact
s of
Oper ati
on (Noi
se/
Vibrat
ions
/EMF/ Str
ay
Cur
r ents)

T&C+Operati
on-Envi
ronmental
Moni tor
ing
(Noi
se/
Vibr
ations
/EMF/St
rayCurrent
s)

Envi
ronment
alI
mpact
sofNTAPr
oject
s Environment alImpactsofOperation
NoiseandGBN
Environment alPlanni ngpr ocess: PotentialforNois
eNui s
ances:
Statutor i
cal Document Super visi
on and Above Gr ound- Ventil
ati
on Inf
rastr
ucture
Management (t
unnel s)andtrai
nfri
cti
on,squealsattur
ns,
Environment alImpactAs sess ments etc.
Oppos i
tionst ot heMas t
erPl an(TATAL) Ground Bor ne Noi se as depi ct
ed i n
Wor k wi th Envi ronment al 3rd Par ti
es diagram
(MoeP, Wat erAut hor i
ty,VATALet c.)
Accompanyi ngEnvi ronment alDocument s
forPer mi t
/Het er
Infr
a1 -Envi ronment alImpactReduct ionof
Cons tructionAct i
viti
es
Infr
a2- Envi ronment alImpactReduct ionof
Oper ationalAct i
vit
ies
Environment alTestingandCommi ssi
oning
Laws uits, Publ i
c Compl aints
, Publ i
c
i
nformi ngpr iortoWor ks

Environment alDisci
pli
nes :
Noise/Vibrations(i
ncludingGBN)
Acous t
icPr otecti
on
EMF-Radi ation
Soi
lSur plusandEvacuat ion Nois
ef r
om PASys t
em
Contami nat edSoil Nois
e pr opogat
ion- The PA System is
Dewat ering der
ived of10speaker
salong an 85meter
Str
ayCur rents pl
atfor
m atami nimum hei
ghtof3m

Environment al Document s Per Pr oj

ect Vi
brations-SolutionsforExceedances
Stage Fl
oatingSlabTr ackbed reduction15dBVof
TATAL Mas t
erPl an-EI
A ( mainlytargeted vi
brati
ons .
operationalinfoduet olackofconstr
uction Ball
ast Mat t- Reduct i
on of 1 0 dBV of
i
nfo) (
Red/ Purpl
e/Green) of the vi
brati
ons
Environment alI
mpact sofOperati
on High-Resil
ience Fasteners
-r educti
on of5
Met r
o EI A det ail
ed as s
essment of dBVofVi brati
ons
constructi
oni mpacts
Page 21
 AnAcous ti
cf orecastwasi mpl ement edf or
ALLwor ksitesandal lprojectst ages( util
it
y
relocat i
on/s l
ur r
ywor ks/excavat ion/s t
ation
cons tructi
on ( ground up)and mor e.Any
sit
e t hat s howed exceedances f rom
thres hold,as peci
ficacous ti
cdef ens e was
impl ement ed.
For t he Red and Gr een Li ne,t he mai n
def ensewasacous ti
capar tmentdef enses
(changi ngwi ndowst o5+5mm andcl osing
gaps i n wi ndow s l
eave) . Providing Ai r
Condi t
ioningf orCli
mat eCont rol(residents
needt obewi thclosedwi ndows )
Todat eNTA hass pentover250, 000NI Sin
EMF-Radi
ati
on-Met
roandLRT acous t
icapar tmentdef ens es.

The Met ro and LRT l i

nesar e power ed by Vibrati
ons
electri
cit
y ( LRT over head OCS- Met ro Vibr
at i
on f orecast( includi
ng GBN) was
under carri
age3r d or4tht r
ack),asar es
ult conduct edf orallli
ne.Themai nforecas tof
Electro Magnet ic Radi ati
on mus t be cons t
ruction wor ksi sforthe TBM wor ks
checkedt oseecompl iancewi thstandard andSt ationexcavat i
on.
TheEMFr eportismadef orbothACandDC The TBM vi bration levelsare much l ower
currents. than criteri
af or nui sances (
levelf elt by
Thel evel
sofEMFdonotexceedcr iteri
aof4 humans ).Forecastwi llbe recalculated in
mG atal lcontinuousl and uses( r
es i
dence, detail
eddes i
gnus i
ngr ealti
medat a.
bus i
nes s
eset c.)
LevelsofEMFr eachcriteri
aatadi st
anceof Asses
s mentofsubmer
ged s
tat
ions
/wor
k
10met ersfrom s ymmet r
ylineor6met ers si
testhatr
equi
reDEWATERI
NG
fr
om cl osesttrack.
As par t of t he EIA iti s essent
ial to
GeoHydr
ology under st
and what wor k s it
es need
dewat eringandwhatt hetimes cheduleis
ImpactofTunnelsont heAquifer fordewat er
ingadjacents
ites.
In order t
o assesst he i
mpact s of t
he Theses itesovergoplanni
ngt ounder st
and
tunnelst
ot henaturalflow oftheaquif
era quant i
tiesthatneedt obeevacuat edpr i
or
3D model was cons tructed us i
ng tos t
ation excavati
ons.The TBM wor ksby
MODFLOW. EPB anddoesnotneeddewat er
ingatany
stage.
The resul
ts oft he models how t hatthe
i
mpact oft he t unnelst ot he aquif
er i
s
negli
gible and nonexist
ent. The
submer ged layeriss o deep thatthe 7.
5
diameter tunnel s do not i mpact any
change inthe nat uralaquiferflow (west
towardsthes ea)

Envi
ronment
alI
mpact
sofConst
ruct
ion

Noi
seandAcous
ticPr
otect
ion
Page 22
Management of Recharge t
o r
educe sus pected cont aminates
,a det ai
led soi
l
cont
aminantflow i
naqui
fer planf ortunnelingisneeded.
Alls oi
lfrom TBM istestedus ingfieldlab,i
f
Rechar ge well
s wer e pl
aned in orderto thear eai ssuspectedtohol dcontaminates
provi
de a buf fer f
or sal
t water i
ntrusi
on as ampl ei st
akenever y60m ;3
I
fnosuspect
fr
om t hewes tandcont aminati
onintrusi
on i
on, asampl eevery250m 3

fr
om s outheast.
Rechar ge wat er values are cons t
antly
checked t o as sure we ar e not
contami nati
ngcleanwat er
ContinuousMoni tori
ng

Tunnel i
ngWast ewaterManagement
W astewater wil
ltypicall
y have high pH
values.Loweri
ng pH level
sin needed pri
or
to evacuati
on oft he was t
ewater.Thisis
achievedusingacids.

DrinkingWat erWel l
s
Aspar toftheEI A ass
essment sofdri
nking
waterwel l
sisexecuted.
I
ns ome cas es (
Purpleline and M2 li
ne)
these wel l
s need t o be dr i
ll
ed deeper
(
dept h = 280 met ers)i
n ordert oreduce
theirprot
ectionradius.

Methodol
ogy of soi
lsuspect
ed t
o have
cont
aminant
s PI
D -Det
ect
ionofVOCs

EIA-
Histor
icalAssessment
-Phase1
I
dentificat
ionofar east
hatar
esuspect
edt
o
havecontami nat
ion

Detail
ed Des ign-Re-i
dentification ofar
eas
thatares uspected tohavecont aminati
on
(t
o close gap ofdat a between EI A and
detai
leddes ign
Compi l
ing a detail
ed dril
li
ng pl an t
o find
contami nates
Authorizati
onofMoePf ordr i
ll
ingplan

Construction Executi
on - Execution of
dri
ll
ingpl anandsoilt
esti
ngusinglabs
Compi l
ingar es
ultreport
Evacuationofcontaminateds
oilasneeded
TPH Petroflag–
Fi
eldLabsandSoi
lflow f
rom TBM det
ectionofpetrol
eum
(
gasol
ine,di
esel
,oil
set
c.)
Af
ter t
he aut
hor
izat
ion of MoeP of
Page 23
Dr
ainageBoxCul
ver
t

DrainageculvertIbnGvir
olst.
Theexi s
ting dr
ainagesecti
on inIbn Gvi
rol
st.
from Cas t
elSquaretotheYarkonriver
, i
s
2.
85 X 1 80 m var
. 2
yi
ng bet ween 9- 23
sqm/ s
ec

Accordingtothemas terplanoftheTelAviv
Municipali
ty,i
ti sr
equi red toi
ncreasethe
sect
iont o4.0*1.8m al
2
lowing~25sqm/ s
ec
f
orar eturnperiodof1t o20years.

Prior t o execution, a detail

ed
environment alr eport was s ubmi tted to
VATALandr eceivedappr oval
.
Thisr eportincluded a det ailed acous ti
c
report of cul ver
t demol it
ion and
reconstruct
ion.The r eport al
s oi ncluded
diversi
onofwat erduringcons tructionand
the neces si
tyt o commence t he wor ks
dur i
ngt hedrymont hsoftheyear .

Page 24
1
1t
h
May,
2022
Day4
Fi
eldVisi
t:Meni
vRi
shon-Wat
erUt
il
it
yCompany
i
nRishonLeZion
byMs.Sal
lyLevi
,CEO

Isr
ael-
bas ed muni cipalwat erand sewage St
rengt
hs
company,Meni vRi shon Ltd,i ssupported
byitslocalmonopol ypos i
ti
oni nthecityof •Localmonopol yf orwat erand s ewer age
Rishon Lezion,whi ch is notexpect ed to services f or the city of Ris hon Lezi on,
change i nt he f
ores eeablef utur
e.Italso providi ng vitalservi
ces ,the demand f or
reflects i t
s pos iti
ve oper ati
ng r es
ul t
s whi chi sstable.
suppor t
ed by r elati
vel
y hi gh s ocio •Pos it
ive operati
ng r esult
ss uppor ted by
economi c positi
oning ofRi shon Lezi
on’s neighbor hoodset c)
.SinceJanuar y2010al l
population. tari
ffshavebeens etbyt heSt ateAut hor i
ty
forWat erandSewer age( WaterAut hority).
Meni vRishon, fullyownedbyRi s
honLezi on rel
at ively st
rong socio-economi c
Muni cipalit
y,i
sr espons ibleforthes uppl yof char acterist
icsoftheci t
y’spopul ati
on.
water and s ewage s ervices wi thint he •Rel at i
velyl ow l
everage and hi gh cover
muni cipalboundar i
esofRi shonLezi on, the rati
os .
planning,devel opmentand mai ntenance
ofthewat er,s
ewageanddr ainages ystems Weaknes
ses
i
nt he ar ea,and t he collection off eesf or
such s er
vices.Meni vislicens ed tooper ate • Uncer t
ainty r egardi
ng s ources of
i
n ot herfiel dswhi ch itdoesnotcur rent l
y financi ng ofnew developmentpr ojectsi
n
exercise:treatmentands aleofwas tewat er, l
ight of pr oposed cancel ation of
desalinati
on and t r
eatmentofs ludge.I n developmentl evi
es .
the framewor k oft he bond not e,ithas •Externall
ysettari
ffstr
ucturethatdoesnot
been agr eed t hat allf urther act ivit
ies necessaril
yreflectinputpriceri
ses.
beyond t hose cur rently pur sued wi llbe • Risk of change i n t he cont ent of
under takenbys ubs idi
ar i
es . company’ sl i
cense by Commi ss
ioner of
WaterandSewageCor porati
ons.
Currentl
y wat er and sewer age
corporati
ons ’revenues come f r
om t hree Fiel
d Vi
sit
:Dan r egionalwast
ewat
er
sources:wat er fees,s ewage f ees and tr
eatmentplantShafdan
development l evies (coll
ected from t he
constructi
on compani esf orconnect i
on of by Mr Shl
omi Ben Ar
ush Di
rect
or,
new bui l
dingst ot hewat ersupplys ystem, Ecodan
developmentoft he wat erand s ewer age
syst
em i n new nei ghbor hoodset c)
.Si nce Effluentre-us
ef orir
rigati
onisvi
tali
nwat er
January201 0alltari
ff
shavebeens etbyt he conservat
ion i
nI sr
ael,helpi
ng tofaci
li
tate
State Authorit
yf orWat erand Sewer age reduced f
reshwat er withdr
awal
(WaterAut hori
ty). nati
on-wide.
Page 25
Now,over40% ofI srael’sagr i
cul turalwat er
needs ar e cur rent l
ys upplied by ef fluent
wat er.
TheShaf danWas tewat erTr eatmentFaci l
ity
isIsrael’slarges twas tewat ertreat mentand
reus efaci l
ity.Thef acili
tyislocat eds outhof
TelAvi v,clos et ot he coas tand s uppli
es
appr oxi mat ely1 40 000 000 m peryearof
3

reclaimedwat ert ot heNegevDes ertinthe

sout hofI srael foragr iculturalus eon50000
acresofi rri
gat edl ands .
Thes ucces soft heShaf dan faci li
tyhel ped
pave t he way f or a nat i
onals trategy i n -Reduced cons umpt ive usef rom aqui f
er
effluent r e-us e. The i mpet us f or storage and r ecover y wi th mi nimal
gover nment al i mpl ement ation was evapor at i
onlosses.
twof old: product ivelyr e-uset heef fluentf or -Mor et han60% ofagr icultureintheNegev
irri
gation and s ystemat i
cally pr event i
si r
rigat edbyShaf danwat er.
furtherpol lution vi adi rectcoas talmar i
ne -Separ ation ofgroundwat erand ef fluent
dispos alofur bans ewagef r
om TelAvi vand i
nt r
oduced dur i
ng SAT pr ocess ensures
itssubur bs. thereisnocont ami nation.

KeyEl
ement
s

- Pr eli
mi nary t reat ment of col l
ected
was t
ewat erbef oreinj ecti
oni ntot he
aqui fer.
-Fi ltr
ation ofpar tiall
yt r
eated was tewat er
wi thintheaqui f
er.
- A pumped di st ri
but i
on s ystem t o
trans portt heabs t
ract edef fluentf rom
the Shaf dan’ sSAT s ys tem f oragr icultural
us einSout hernIsrael ,over
100km away.
-Ener gydemandatanaver ageof1 .
2kW h Pr ojectLever s
perm overt
3
he whol e process cover ing (1)Was tewaterTreatment
pumpi ng t o Shaf dan, t he t reatment Thepr el
iminarystageofef fluentt reatment
pr ocessandpumpi ngt hefini shedpr oduct us es act i
vated s l
udge t o br eak down
tot heNegev. or gani cmat terintocar bon di oxi
de,wat er,
-Oper ati
onsatShaf danar epubl iclyfunded andot herinorganiccompoundsbef orethe
byt he citiest hatt he ef fluenti sext racted effluent i st ransf
err ed to t he recharge
from ( tot alpopul ation above 2 500 000 bas ins .
from s evenmai nci ti
esandfif t
eenadj acent (2)Rechar ge
cities). W as tewat er is i njected i nto s peci
all
y
des ignat ed recharge bas ins wher ei tis
KeyOut
comes nat ur all
yfiltr
atedint hes andsofRi shon
Let zionandYavne.Toavoi dcont ami nat
ion
-140 000 000 m 3 peryearofr ecl
aimed acompl et
es eparati
on exi stsbet ween the
waterforagr
icul
turalus ethatwould have reclaimed ef fluent si ntr
oduced and t he
ot
herwisebeenlostt osea. exi st
ingwat ertherenat urally.

Page 26
i
nt roduced and t he existi
ng wat ert her
e Unt i
lit’
ss hutdown i n Augus t1 998,Hiriya
nat ural
ly.Thiss eparati
on is achi eved by hasaccumul ated 25mi llion t onsofwas te.
cont rol
ling the s hape of an ar t
ificial
ly Its pr oximi ty t o t he Ben- Guri
on
creat ed wat er l evel depr essi
on. Thi s Internati
onalAi r
por t– wi t
ht he threatof
arrangementcr eatesa hydr ologict rough was te-
loving bi r
ds col liding wi t
hl anding
that pr eventsthe r ecl
aimed wat erf rom airpl
anes–wast hedr ivingf or cebehi ndthe
spreadi ng. The wat er is collected by decommi ss i
oning oft he s i
te.As ide fr
om
per i
pher alrecl
amat i
on wells after sixto l
andfil li
ng,t hree recycl ing f acil
iti
es have
twel vemont hsandpumpedt otheNegev. beenes t
abl i
shedatt hef ootoft hegar bage
mount ai
n:a was tes epar at ion cent er,a
Out
comesandChal
lenges green was t efacil
ityt hatpr oducesmul ch,
andabui ldingmat er i
alsr ecycl ingpl ant.In
Afterovert hir
tyyear sofi nfil tration int he recent year s,a s tate-of -t
he- art Refus e
Shaf dan r echar ge bas ins t her e ar e Der i
vedFuel (RDF)s our cingf acili
tyhasal so
i
ndi cat i
ons of det erioration i n t he been bui lt,supplying hi gh- cal ori
fic was te
i
nfil tration interface.Thi scl oggi ng,caus ed to a nearby cementpr oduct ion plantf or
by t he bi ologicaland phys icalpr oces s
es energet i
cpur poses.
that occur , has s l
ight l
y r educed t he
i
nfil tration rate.Thi shasl ed t o new ar eas
wher et he was tewat er can be pur ified
beingcons idered.
Inaddi tion,af urthert reatments tepus ing
nanofil trati
on wi t
h 0. 001 -
0.008 mi cron
membr anes pr i
ort o aqui fer r echar ge i s
being t ri
all
ed t ol imitt he i mpacton t he
aqui fer. Thi s dr asti
cally i ncr eas es t he
i
nfil trationvel ocityf r
om 2m perdayt o1 2
m perday and t hus r educes r etent i
on
timest oappr oximat elytendays .Thi sall
ows
for i ncr eased capaci ty but al so for a
reduct i
on i nland ar ea needed. Thi si s
benefici alforexpans i
oni ntomor edens ely
popul atedar eas.

Fi
eld Visit
: Ar
ielShar
on Par
k-Wast
e
andDr ainageManagement

One gl oball
yacknowl edged casestudyof
l
andfil lremedi at i
oncanbef oundinIs r
ael ’
s
Hiriyawas t
edump,l ocatedincentralIsrael The landfil litself was part of a wi der
sout heas tofTelAvi v.Former l
yknown f or undevel oped area of 8. 1 s q.
km.
being one oft he largestlandfill
si nt he Remedi ationoft hes i
tehadbeguni n201 1
,
Mi ddleEas t,Hiriyaistodaypar toftheAr i
el aiming t ot ur
nt hewas temount ai
nt ot he
Shar on Envi ronment alPar k and s etsa centerpiece of t he park.The par k was
greatexampl ehow ahol i
sti
cappr oach t o named af terthel ateIsr
ael
iPri
meMi nister
l
andfil lremedi ation can benefitmul ti
pl e Ari
elShar onduet ohi
savidsuppor toft he
stakehol ders. proj
ect. The des i
gn of the par k and
remedi ationpr ojectwasledbyt heGer man
Page 27
 Methane may be rel
eas
ed foroverthi
rty
yearsaf
terclosur
e,and regul
ati
onsoft
en
requi
regascoll
ecti
onsys
tems .

This r equir
es wi de i nves t
ment s in
i
nfrastructureand pre-pl
anning ofthesite
i
tself
,t hough i n some cas es col
lect
ed
met hanef rom l
andfillscan bes ol
d bythe
l
andfil ltogeneraterevenue.

Li
ke otherremedi ati
on projects,the s i
te
l
ands cape architectPet erLatz.Aspar tof mus tfir
stundergos tr
uctur
alr ehabili
tati
on,
hiswork, Lat
zledat eam ofplanner s,arti
sts, address
ing underground fires ,set
ting up
photographer s,engi neers,and ar chit
ects drai
nage and erosi
on protection systems ,
to develop a techni que to protectf uture andcompact i
ngt hes l
opes.
flower s and frui
tsf rom cont ami nant s by
coveri
ng t helands capewi th a“ bioplasti
c” The plansar e als
o des igned tointegrate
l
ayer that blocks met hane,t opped wi th with t
he adjacent r
esi
dent i
al
l
ayersofgr avelandamet erofcleans oi
l. neighborhood,f eaturing localvegetat
ion,
walkingpat hsandbi kelanes ,
andflattened
Ari
elSharon Par ki sexpect
ed t
o be ful
ly areasforpicnicsandpl aygrounds.
act
ive by 2023 and retai
n asi
ze t
ripl
e of
New York’
sCent ralPar
k. W hatmakest herehabil
itati
on oftheEast
Taibehsi
tesouniqueisitspr oxi
mi t
ytothe
Aside f r
om t he wi despread park, the urbanarea–justafew met ersaway.
recycli
ng faci
li
ty al
sotreat
s3, 000 t
onsof On account ofthis,there ar e pl
ent
y of
hous eholdwaste,1,
500tonsofconstr
uction benefitsaccr
uing tothe common peopl e
debr i
sand250t onsoflands capematter
. by vi r
tue of wor ki
ng on hol i
sti
c
managementoft helandfil l
.
Much oft his wasteislat
erus ed as f
uel
,
ferti
li
zer,el
ectri
cit
y,waterf
orirr
igat
ion,and Ther efor
e,t hepotentialbenefitf
orTaibeh’
s
even gar den f ur
nit
ure, in what i s res i
dentsi ncl
udenotonl ygreenareawith
cons i
dered one of t he lar
gestl andfil
l cleanai r
,butal socleanerwatersuppl
yand
transfor
mat ionstodate. pr eventi
on ofl eakageofdanger ousgases
from thel andfill.

From s ci
entificperspecti
ve,t
herearealot
ofdif
ficul t
iesinvol
vedinimprovi
singbet
ter Lear
nings
funct
iioningofal andfil
l.

Technicall
y, the two big chal l
enges t o As one of pr ime exampl es i n
tr
ansform a f or
mer l andfill ar e gas was t
e-to-resource t echnol
ogi es
, t hese
productionandgr oundsettl
ement .
Landfill mul t
i-purpos e and netpositi
ve s ol
utions
gases–includingmet hane,carbondi oxi
de, f
orwas ter el
ated aspectsprovide a l
iving
ammoni a, and hydrogen s ulfide – ar e prooftot hepot enti
aluseofdiscarded( and
creat
edwhenbur i
edwas t
edecompos es
. di
s r
egar ded)res our
ces.

Page 28
Landfil lr emediati
on,specifical
lyi
ndens ely
populat ed count ries such as I s
rael,
demons trat
eshow ahol i
sticapproachcan
turn al iabil
ityi
ntoan asset,which can be
repli
cat ed in Delhi.Itis one ofthe r are
occasions wher e envir
onment al et hics
i
nt er
li
nkwi t
hdevelopmentneedst ocreat e
anall-aroundwi nningsol
ut i
on.

Page 29
1
2th May,
2022
Day5
Lect
ure:TheWat
ert
unnelt
oJer
usal
em
byMs.Ker
enMansur

Like many Mekor ot pr oject s,t he Fi ft h providesdes al

inated watertoresi
dent sof
Wat er Sys tem f or s uppl ying wat er t o theUpperGal i
leeforthefirstt
imeinI s
rael’
s
Jerus alem pr ojecti sal s oas trategi cpr oject hist
or y.TheFifth WaterSupplySystem for
of nat i
onal i mpor tance, wi th s ocial, Jerusalem wi l
lalso be connected tot he
economi c, envi ronment al and pol iti
cal New Nat i
onalWat erCarr
ier
.
impl ications . The great nat ional
impor tanceoft hepr ojecti sr eflect edi nt he
fact t hat t he Nat ional I nfras truct ur e
Commi t
tee ( t
he “ NI C” )appr oved i t as a
nat i
onali nf rastruct ur e pr oject ,cons isting
oft wos ect ions :theWes ter n par t( NI C 24)
andt heEas t
er npar t(NI C24/ A) .Thepr oject
wi l
lcons tituteas i
gni ficantel ementi nt he
devel opmentoft hewat ers ect ori nI srael,
becaus ei twi l
ls uppl y wat ernotonl yt o
Jerus alem i tselfbutal sot o communi ti
es
along t he r oute of t he pi pel i
ne ( Mat eh
Yehuda, Bei t Shemes h, t he Jer us alem
Cor ri
dor communi ties and Ma’ aleh As not ed above,t hisi s a mega- pr oject,
Adumi m) , near by ent erpr ises , and t he whi ch cons i
s t
s of many s ub- pr oj
ect s
Pales tinian Aut hor ity,i n accor dance wi t h managed byMekor ot .Cons t
ruct ion oft he
thepol it
icalagr eement s. wes terns ection oft he Fi ft
h Sys tem f or
The Fi fth Wat er Suppl y Sys t
em f or Jerus alem hasal readybeencompl etedand
Jerus alem i s par t oft he r evol ution t hat itbecameoper ationalt owar dst heend of
Mekor othasbeen s pear headi ng i nr ecent 2014.I ts uppl i
eswat ert o Jer usalem f rom
year st hr ough t he es tabl i
shment oft he the Hul da station t o Sha’ arHagai ,wi tha
New Nat ional Wat er Car ri
er – a mega connect ion t o t he Four th Li ne. EMS
project t hat connect s five s eawat er Mekor otPr oject s,as ubs idiaryofMekor ot,
des alinat i
on pl ant sal ong t hecoas tt ot he with al litsuni t
s ,hast aken upon i ts elfthe
nat i
onalwat ers uppl ys ys tem.The pr oject cons truct i
on oft heeas t
erns ection and al l
cons ists of s ub- proj ects managed by the pumpi ng s tations and t he l i
nes
Mekor ot.The new Nat i
onalWat erCar rier involvedi nthepr oj ect ,aswel last het i
ght
enabl esoper ationalflexi bilit
yandchanges schedul e. Thisi s a huge pr oj ect ,t he
thes uppl ychai n:t hedes ali
nat ed wat eri s crowni ng gl oryofwhi ch i sthedi ggi ng of
suppl iedf rom wes tt oeas tandf rom t her e the t unnel f or t he s uppl y of wat er t o
in alldi r
ect ions ,accor ding t ot hedemand. Jerus alem,whi ch i s about 1 3 kilomet ers
Forexampl e,t he Nat ionalWat erCar rier long. Thedi ggi ngbeganaboutayearanda
Page 30
halfago( inDecember201 6)andi tisbei ng wi llcons istofs ixhor i
zont alpumpi nguni ts
execut ed by a Tunnel Bor ing Machi ne wi th acapaci tyof1 0,700 m3/ h,and i nt he
(TBM) .Theuni quenes soft hepr oject ,even fir sts t age f ouruni t
swi llbe i ns talled.The
by i nt ernat i
onals tandar ds ,ist hat i ti s stat ion i ncl udest he l ayi ng ofs uct ion and
requi red t oconveywat erathi gh pr ess ure, del iver yl i
nesof1 00met ersand t heus eof
des pitei tslengt h.Thi sf eat ur eal s opos esa l
ar gedi amet erfit t
ingst hatar es uitabl ef or
great chal l
enge f or t hos e pl anni ng t he highpr essur e.Ei nKar em i scur rent lyi nthe
projectaswel lasf ort hos ei mpl ement ingi t
. pr oces s of pr epar ing t he gr ound and
W hile mos t wat er t unnel si nt he wor ld car rying outear thwor ks ,and t hepl anni ng
conveywat eratl ow pr es sur e,bymeansof has been compl et ed. I n t he comi ng
gravity,t hewat ert unnelt oJer us alem wi l
l mont hs , EMS wi ll begi n wi th t he
conveywat erf rom s eal evelt o860met er s
, cons truct ionoft hes tat i
on.EMS’ sf act ories
atver yhi ghflow r at es .Conveyi ng wat eri n wi llmanuf act ur et hepumpi ngequi pment
this t unnel r equi r
es es peci ally hi gh fort he Ei n Kar em St at i
on,i ncl udi ng t he
pres sur e,and many condi tions mus tbe pumps , pump heads , boi lers and
mett oal low t het unnelt owi ths tandt hes e adj us tment s .
pres sur es,es peci all
ywheni tcomest os uch EMS i s cur rent ly l aying t he Ei n
alargeflow r ateofwat er. Kar em- Mot za l i
ne,whi ch i s about t hree
One oft he condi ti
ons f or meet ing t his kilomet ersl ong. Thewor kiswel lunder way
challengei st heus eofuni quepumpst hat from t he Mot za j unct ion t ot he Hal il
im
aret obei ns talledatpumpi ngs tations . The St ation,i ncl udi ng cr os sing Hi ghway1wi th
Fift
h Sys tem f or Jer us alem i ncl udes t he hor izont aldr i
lling.I n addi ti
on,t he Mevo
cons truct ion of f our l ar ge pumpi ng Hor on bypas sl ine wi llbe ext ended t o
stations ,whi chwi l
lbeequi ppedwi t
hhuge Modi ’
in, f or about s even and a hal f
ands peci alpumpsandmot or s,whi chhave kilomet ers . EMS i s pr epar ing t o l ay
highflow r atesandahi ghdegr eeofener gy addi tionall i
nesi nt hear eaoft heTeacher s
efficiency,and whi ch havebeen des igned Pool and i n t he Modi ’
in ar ea. I n t he
speci fical l
yf ort he pr oject,and whi ch wi l
l framewor k of t he pr oject ,t he exi sti
ng
make i tpos siblet o convey wat erunder pumpi ng s tations ,theNat ifim St at ionand
high pr es sure overt hi slong di s tance.To theYi shiSt at i
on,wi llal sobeext endedand
putt hi ngsi n per s pect ive,wi thr egar dt o upgr aded, andanew s t ationwi l
l bebui ltfor
thenumberofpumpi ngs tat i
ons ,itcanbe thecommuni tyofHarAdar .
saidt hat s i
nce t he cons truct ion of t he The Fi fth Li ne Pr oject i s a compl ex
Nat i
onal Wat er Car ri
er , no pumpi ng engi neer i
ng chal lenge becaus e of i ts
stationsoft hismagni tudehavebeenbui l
t phys icals ize,and becaus e oft he t er rain-
i
nI srael . thei ns tallat ionswi llbei nstalled i nar ocky
Two oft he pumps wi llbe us ed by t he area wi th many pl ant s and t rees .I n
easter ns ection and t hewat ert unnel .The addi tion, t he r out es of t he l ines ar e
giantpumpswi llbe l ocat ed i nt wo huge char act erized by l ar ge i nclines ,and t he
pumpi ng s t
at i
ons bui ltf ort hi s pur pos e. pipe di amet er s and t hicknes s ar e
Thisi sal ar ge,cl os edbui l
ding,whi chhasa ext raor dinar ilyl arge,whi chi sneces s aryf or
towercr ane above t he gr ound.The fir st adapt ingt ot hehi ghpr es sures .
station,whi ch i scal l
ed Ki salon St at i
on,i s InMay201 8,dur ingt hepr oces sofdi gging
l
ocat ed neart heEs htaolj unct ion and t he the t unnel ,a Kar stcave was di s cover ed
secondi sinEi nKar em. Cons truct ionoft he 3,525 met ersf rom t he ent rance t ot he
Kisalon St ation isunder way,i ncl udi ng t he tunnel .The cave i ss ituat ed ata dept h of
cons truct ionoft hepumps , as ubs tationf or appr ox.285 met er s bel ow t he s urface,
the s uppl y ofel ect ri
city and bui ldingst o maki ng i tt hedeepes tcaveeverf ound i n
hous e chemi cali ns tallations .The s tation Israel .Iti sabouthal famet eri n hei ght ,its
Page 31
widt hr angesbet ween 50- 80 cm,and i ts Lear
nings
capaci t
yi sappr ox.1 ,800cubi cmet er s.The
cavei sdi videdi nt os ever als epar ates paces Entrepr eneur s hipinwat ert echnol ogies:To
connect ed t o each ot her by nar row cont i
nuous l
yi mpr ovet hequal i
tyofwat er,
pas s ages ,andoneoft hes peci alf eatur esof GNCTD can act ively pr omot e t he
the cave i st hatt her e ar es ixl ar ge act i
ve devel opmentofnew wat ert echnol ogies,
wat erpool s .The geol ogi calf or mat ion of and can pr ovi de ent r
epr eneur s in al l
the cave i sdat ed bet ween 1 00- 113mi ll
ion wat er-related s ect ors pl atforms f or bet a
year sbef oreourt i
me, andi tcons i
s t
smai nl y and commer cial t esting, and s uppor ts
oft hi ck l ayer sofl imes tone,wi thl ayer sof thes e vent ur es wi th a wi de r ange of
dolomi ticchal k. technol ogi cal,anal ytical,and cons ultancy
Inor dert ocont inuemaki ngpr ogr es swi t h services .
Ital sohel pst hevent ures'eff
ortst o
the pr oj ect and at t he s ame t ime t o reach gl obalmar ket s,s t
rategi c part
ner s,,
mi ni mi ze damage t ot he var iouspar tsof ands ecur ecapi tal.
the cave, t he f ollowi ng s ol ut i
on was Mekor ot is cur rent l
y dr awi ng up mas ter
provi ded:The s pace i ns ide t he cave was plans i nt wo I ndi an s tates :Punj ab and
fill
ed wi tht he l eas tamountofconcr et e Mahar ashtr a. Thes e mas ter pl ans wi l
l
requi red t o cont i
nue wor ki ng wi th t he design t he wat er s ector st hrough 2050,
machi ne. About t wo weeks af ter t he enabl ing bet ter wat er resources
diggi ng machi nepenet rat ed t hecave,t he management .
diggi ngwor ksr esumed. Mas ter pl ans f or wat er management
This met hod of deal ing wi th t he cave i
ncor por ating s t
ate-of-t
he- art
char acter izes Mekor ot ’
s at titude t o t he technol ogy- bas ed s olutions t o wat er
envi ronment .The ent ire pr oj ecti s bei ng probl emsi ses s ential.
carr ied outi n a nar row s tripi n or dert o
mi ni mi ze envi ronment al and ecol ogi cal Lectur
e: Hagi
hon - Wat er Suppl
y
damage, whi le adher i
ng s tri
ct l
y t o syst
em tot
hecityofJer
usal
em
direct i
vesf ors af eguar ding nat ur eand t he
lands cape,moni toringnoi seanddus t,and TheHagi honcompanywasf oundedi n1996
adher i
ng t ot hes tringentr equi rement sof byt heJer us al
em Muni cipal i
tyandoper ates
the qual it
y oft he envi ronmentand t he asani ndependentcor por ationbyaut hority
green or gani zat ions .An ef for t has been oft heWat er&SewageCor porat i
onsLaw.
madet oconnectt oexi stingi nf ras truct ur es. Ha gi hon became of fici all
yi ndependent
In addi tion,EMS conduct ed an ecol ogi cal from t heMuni cipalit
yofJer usalem i n2003.
sur veyoft her out eoft hel ine, wi tht heai m Since t hen, Hagi hon pr ovides i ts own
ofident ifyingr ar epl ant sf ort hepur pos eof account ing,col lecti
on and enf orcement
relocat i
ngandpr otect ingt hem i nas peci al services. I n t he f r
amewor k of t he
habi tatdur ingt heper iodoft hewor ks ,and i
ncor por ationpr ocess ,Hagi honr eplacedi ts
retur ni ngt hem t ot hei ror igi nalpl aceaf ter comput ers ystemsandr edefinedi t
ss ervi
ce
compl et ion oft hewor ks ,al laspar toft he target sfort heci ty’sres i
dent s.
lands caper es t
or ationwor kal ongt her out e Hagi hon s upplies wat er ,s ewage and
oft hel i
ne. Thel i
nehasbeenpl annedwhi le drainage s ervices i n t he appr oximat ely
taki ngi nt ocons i
der at ionvar iousel ement s 32,500acr esoft heGr eat erJer usalem ar ea,
oft he envi ronment ( ecol ogy,l ands cape, servicing about1 ,000,000 r esident soft he
acous ti
cs ),i n coor di nat ion wi th nat ional City ofJer usalem,t he Town ofMevas ert
infras truct ur es,t heI s raelNat ur eandPar ks Yerus halaim andt heTownofAbuGos h.
Aut hor ity and t he Jewi sh Nat ionalFund, The company i s r espons i
bl e f or
whi char epr ovidi ngadvi ce. devel opment , expans ion, oper ation and
mai ntenance of t he wat er,s ewage and
Page 32
drainagenet wor ks ,inaccor dancewi tht he (4)Cont inuat ionoft hesewerpr oject-Tzur
city’
sandt owns ’gr owt handdevel opment Baher&Umm Tuba.
plans . I n t he f ramewor k of t he (5) Cont inuat ion of the el i
mi nati
on of
devel opmentand mai nt enance wor kson ces s
pits
thewat ernet wor ks ,Hagi hon cont inuous l
y (6)Upgr adi ngt heSAPs ystem.
i
ni ti
at es replacement ofwat er pi pel i
nes , (7)Compl etion oft he visi
tor’
s center at
expands and dupl icat es i nfras truct ur es, Hagi hont unnel .
car r
ies out met icul ous i nspect ions f or (8)Var i
oust echnologicaldevelopment st o
testing qual i
tyoft he wat erits uppl iest o streamlinecus t
omers ervi
ce.
resident s
, cons truct s wat er r es er voirs, (9) I mpl ement ati
on of a s yt
em f or
pumpi ng f acili
t i
es , pr es sure r educi ng evaluatingt heempl oyees.
facili
tiesandmor e.Regar di ngs ewageand (10) Cult i
vat i
on and pr omot i
on of t he
drainage s ervices , Hagi hon car ries out humanr esour cesinthecompany.
cont inuouswor kst o mai nt aint he s ystem
and f aci l
iti
es,and i nves tsi n devel opment
and expans i
on of t hes e net wor ks ,and
l
ays kilomet ersofpi pel i
neeachyear .
In pr epar ati
on f or t he wi nt er s eas on,
Hagi hon impl ement s pr event ative
oper at i
ons ,and s peci allyt hecl eani ng and
was hi ngoutoft hedr ai nagechamber s.
The companycar riesouts uper vision and
foll
ow- up ofi ndus tri
als ewage,cons tructs
pumpi ngf acili
tiesf ors ewage,ands ewage
treat mentpl ant sand f aci lit
ies.TheMAVTI
company – “ The Jer us al em Company f or
SewageandTr eat mentPl ant s,Lt d.” –was Combi ning t
he old and t he new t o solve
es t
abl ished wi th t hi s obj ective. MAVTI Jerusal
em’ swaterchallenges:
es t
abl ished a moder ns ewage t reat ment W henitcomest omai ntainingaci ty'
swat er
sys t
em t r
eat i
ngt heJer us alem was tewat ers networks,Hagihon facesa chal lenge t hat
by ut il
izi
ng t echnol ogi es f rom t he mos t few otherut i
li
ti
es have t o contend wi t
h.
advanced i nt he wor ld.I n Jer us alem,t he Supplying waterto Old Ci t
yi n Jerusalem
companyoper at est hr eet reat mentpl ant s, comeswi t
hs omer atheruni queobs tacles
the l arges tofwhi ch i st he Sor ek- Ref a’i
m butonet hatisbeingmadeeas i
ert hankst o
Sewage Tr eatment Pl ant . Thi s was leakdetecti
onandwat ermoni t
or i
ng.
i
naugur ated in1 999,and ever yday,t reats
appr oxi mat ely 80, 000 cubi c met ers of Ancient i s sues caus ing moder n-day
was tewat ers i n t he wes tern dr ainage problems
bas ins ,in Nahal( St ream)Raf a’im and i n Old Ci ty,Jerus alem,I sr
ael,i s a UNESCO
NahalSor ek. Wor l
dHer itageSi teandi sdi vi
dedi ntot he
The company’ s mai n goal sf or t he year Christian,Mus l
im,Jewi sh,and Ar meni an
2022: quar ters.
Hagi honpr ovi desmor et han220, 000cubi c
(1
)Conti
nuedi nt
egrati
onwi t
ht hewor ksof met er sofdr i
nki ngwat ertoapopul ati
onof
the5thl
ine,cons
tructi
onofapool atSacher aroundonemi l
li
onpeopl e.Itoper atesover
parkandEmekHat emani ml i
ne. 1,
300km ofpi pel i
nesthatr unst hroughout
(
2)Continuedintegrat
ionwi ththelightrai
l Jerusal em.Mos toft hepi peli
neunderOl d
worksandt henew entranceintothecity. Citywasl ai
d dur i
ng theear ly1970sand i s
(
3)Continuati
onoftheKi dronpr oj
ect. madeofei t
hergal vani
zedi ronors teel.

Page 33
The wat er l ossi n t he Ol d Ci ty di str
ict Itisbyhavi ng thi sendl es
ss tream ofnew
met er ed ar eas( DMA)r angesf rom 9. 5per i
nf ormationf r
om cons umer sthatauni fied
centt o1 9percentdependi ngont heDMA. por t
alcan becr eated,wher eHagi hon can
Over t he cent ur ies ,t he ci ty has been see wher el eaks ar e,flow i ncr eases and
conquer ed, des troyed, r ebui l
t, and trackwat erloss.
conquer ed many t imes t hroughout i ts Notj ustleakdet ecti
on,Hagi hon i saler
ted
histor y.Asar es ult ,thes oilbeneat ht heci ty tos udden flow i ncreases and es t
imated
ismadeofl ayer sofr ui nsbui ltupovert he wat erl
os s.
cour s eof3, 000year s. In one i nstance, an unexpect ed flow
Becaus e oft his,when l eaks occurwat er i
ncr eas
eeventwasdet ected wi th awat er
infiltrat est hr ough t he l ayer sofr uinsand l
os sbeingmeas uredat1 1m3/ hr .Usingthe
soil
s-whi ch can t akeal ong t i
me.Oncei t TakaDu ci t
ymanagementpor t al,Hagihon
hasmade i t swayt hr ough t hos el ayer sit wasabl et o find t he source oft he l
eak in
willappearont hes ur f
ace. oneofi tsservicepi pes.
As a r es ult,l eaks can l astf orpr olonged
periodsoft ime bef or et hey ar e det ected Lear
nings:
and even t hen i ti sdi f
ficul ttol ocat et he
sour ceoft hel eak. (1)Bes tPracti
cesf orr epl i
cat i
on:
Notaseas yasr epl acing a pi pe,Hagi hon Di str
ictmet eri
ngar ea: Hagi hon’ smul tilayer
alsof acesanot heruni que chal lenge.Asa appr oachf orlower ingnon- revenuewat er.
histor icalandr eligi ous lyimpor tants it
e,itis Mul tilayer appr oach f
or l ower ing
neverj us tass impl easr epl acingapi pe. non- r evenuewat er.
Ifanew pi pel ineneedst obecons truct edt o Hagi hon Company Lt d, t he Jer us alem
replace an ol d one,Hagi hon wi l
lneed t o Regi on Muni ci
pal Wat er & Was t
ewat er
place a t empor ar yl i
ne above t he gr ound Ut il
ity,pr ovi
desadvanced 24/ 7 waterand
becaus et her ei sno s pace t o puta new was tewat erservicest ot heabout1mi l
lion
permanentpi penextt ot heol done. res i
dent s (about 1 5% of I sr
ael's t ot al
Fur ther mor e,per mi ssion i sr equi red f r
om popul ation)oft he Ci ty ofJer usalem,t he
the pol i
ce and ci ty counci l,as wel las Town of Mevas er t Yer us halaim and t he
author i
zation f rom t he I sraelAnt iquities Town ofAbu Gos h.Locat ed i n as emi -ar id
Aut hor i
ty,theEas tJer us alem Devel opment climat e,t he is
sue of cons ervati
on i s of
Company, and t he Commi ttee f or t he maj ori mpor t
ancet oHagi hon.
Pres er vat i
on of Gr aves it
es . W hi le Wi th t his under standi ng, Hagi hon has
permi s si
onsar e bei ng obt ained f r om t he achi eved gl obalr ecogni tion as an ear ly
variouspar ties,t he l eak cont i
nuest oleak adopt er of i nnovat ive t echnol ogi es,
wat er . es peci all
y i n t he ar ea of decr eas ing
Leakdet ect i
onof ferssal vation Non- RevenueWat er( NRW )or" wat erlos si n
To bet t
er manage i ts l eak pr oblem, the net work s ys t
em" . Hagi hon has
Hagi hon hast urned t os oftwar ecompany, devel oped a mul ti-l ayer ed appr oach f or
TaKaDu. lowe
w r ing NRW i ncludi ng t he followi ng
Back i n 201 8,an undet ected l eak was mai nf actors:
discover ed bychanceaf tert hewat erhad
comet hrought hefloori nahome.Pr i
ort o Mont hly NRW r ound- t
abl
e meetings to
this, bot h Hagi hon and TakaDu had exami neforum reviewsofNRW datafrom
recor ded an i ncr eas e i n wat er l os s
. each Di s
tri
ct Met eri
ng Area (
DMA) and
However ,duet oal ackofacous ti
cl ogger s discussmeas ur
est hatneedtobetaken.
int hear eaandt heci ty'sot herchal l
enges ,
ther ewasnowayt ofindt hes our ceoft he (
2)I
mpr
ovi
ngt
hewat
eri
nfr
ast
ruct
ureby:
-
leak.
Page 34
a) Forming and mai ntai
ning DMA'
s fix leaks i
n a pl anned f
ashion – before
(Hagihon has mor e than 108 DMAs), dist
ur bi
ng tr
afficand muni ci
palli
fe -and
i
ns tal
li
ngflow met er
sandpr essur
emeter
s thusl ower
ing overti
meHuman Res ources
(sensors)t
hroughoutthewatersyst
em; andi nvent
orycos ts
.

b) A pr oacti
ve dynami c pr ess
ur e Met
hodol
ogyf
ordecr
eas
ingNRW
management i n service area,incl
uding
cons
tructi
on of different press
ure zones (
1)Highermanagementi nvolvement-CEO.
and i mplement ation of mechani cal
, (
2)Anal yzeandcr eateDMA.
hydr
auli
c and/or digi
tal pr ess
ur e (
3)Sur vey and val id network flow st
atus,
modulators
. mainlyval ves.
(
4) Reduce pr essure of the net
work as
(3) I mpl ement ing a s mar t net wor k muchaspos s
ible.
managements olut ionincluding: (
5) Det ect hi dden l eakages, us i
ng
a) 24/ 7moni toringofwat erflow event s t
echnol ogi esands urveys.
and wat erpr essur ei ssues wi thin DMAs . (
6)Surveyandanal yzewat ermeteri
ng.
Usings mar tsystemst hatempl oys tatist
ical (
7)Surveyf orwat erthef
t.
based t echnol ogy i dentifyi
ng net wor k
anomal ies and i ndi cati
ng l ocation,s i
ze, Lear
nings
pri
or i
ty and t i
me. Thi s i s done by
compar ing r eal-time r eadings t o t he Unmeas ured-Flow Reducer
expect ed net wor k behavi or,cons i
dering The i
nnovat ive s
olution, UFR
hist
or i
calpat terns as wel las cor relati
ons (Unmeas ur ed-Flow Reducer )
,i sa pr oduct
between di f
ferent par ts oft he net work, ofA. R.I
.Flow Cont rolAccessories.It
smai n
i
ndi cating devel opment ofhi dden l eaks, object i
vei st oreducet heappar entl osses
othernet worki ss uesand enabl i
ng t os et bychangi ng t heflow r egimet hrough t he
ther i
ghtpr i
oritiesf orther epairteams ; wat ermet eratlow flow r ates.Thisreduces
the volume ofunmeas ured wat eratl ow
b) Impl
ement ation ofadvanced fixed flow r ates and enabl esthemeas urement
acoustic l
eak det ect
ion s ys
tem t hat ofleaksbyadomes ti
cwat ermet er.
monitors wat er net work each ni ght
i
dentifyi
ngtheexistenceandexactlocat
ion The UFR r egul atest he wat erflow s ot hat
ofhidden leaks.The cloud-
based syst
em thereisnowat erflow atal lpartofthet ime,
provi
desdai l
ymanagementofs us
pected whilet her es toft het i
me,t heflow i shi gh
l
eaks; enough t o be meas ur ed.Changesi nt he
flow di sci
pl ine at l ow r ates all
ow t he
c) I
mpl ementat i
on of Tr enchl ess exist
ing wat er met er t o meas ure at al l
Aut omat edLeakageRepai r( TALR)s olution, waterflow r atespas si
ng t hrough it.W hen
whi ch isa new low- costt renchl essr epair the flow r atei ncreas es over t he wat er
categor yforbulkr educt ion ofl eakage i n met er’s meas uring t hr eshold, the UFR
drinking waterpi pes ,addr es s
ing leaksi n remai nsper manent l
yopen,s othatitdoes
the r ange of 40l /
hr t o 3000 l /
hr.Bul k notint erf
er ewi t
hmeas urement s.TheUFR
reduct i
onofleakagei saimedati mpact ing als
oact sasanon- returnval veandpr event s
wat er resources
, ener gy s avings, as set backflow ( itcl os eswhen t he downs tream
managementand publ icr elati
onsf orthe pressur eandups tream pr essureareequal )
.
util
ity. The UFR i sadi fferentialnon- return valve,
The r esultis Hagi hon’s Awar d Wi nning designed i ns uch awayt hatt hepr essur e
(WEX Gl obalAwar d – 201 4)f or Ef fici
ent dif
ferencer equi redt oopeni tismor et han
Ass etManagement ,enabl ing Hagi hon t o thatrequi redt okeepi topen.Thepr essur e
Page 35
dif
fer encet oopent heUFRi s0. 4bar ,whilst vi
. 24x7cons
umercompl
aintcent
er.
thepr essuredi f
ferencet okeepi topeni s0.1
bar.W hen a l eak devel ops ( a flow r at e Sali
entf eat uresoft hi sproject:
below t he meas urementt hr eshold oft he (1) Regul arwat ers uppl y
wat er met er)t he downs tr eam pr essur e (2) Cons istent mai nt
enance of wat er
drops .W hen t he downs tream pr essur e pressur et husr educi ngt hecos tofboos ter
dropsbel ow 0.4baroft hatoft heups t
ream pumpsandas s
oci atedel ectr
icit
ybi ll
s.
pres sure,t he UFR opensand al l
owsf ora (3) Wat er s uppl yt ot he Cons umer s at
flow r ate above t hatoft he meas urement i
mpr oveds ervicel evel.
thres hold. (
4) Mi nimum cont ami nation oft hewat er
The f ree flow ofwat erthr ough t he UFR suppl i
ed.
equal izest hepr es s
ureacr os st heUFR and (5) Allhous ehol dst o be connect ed wi
t h
all
ows i tt o close.The cont i
nuing l eak piped wat er thus i mpr oving heal t
h and
downs t
ream t ot he UFR wi l
lmake t his sanitation.
oper at i
onr epeati tsel
foverandoveragai n. (6) Demandmanagement .
Ever yt ime t he UFR opens ,a quant ity of (7) Leakdet ectionandr epai r
.
wat erpas sesthr ought hewat ermet erata
flow r at
e above t he meas urement KeyAchi evement s:
thres hold oft he wat ermet erand s ot he i. MVV compl eted t he des i
gn & pi pe
flow i smeas ured. laying f ora wat ers uppl ySys tem in Wes t
End Col ony of Vas ant Vi har area and
AnI sraelipilotpr ojecti nDel hi succes sful l
y i mplement ed 24x7 wat er
Del hiJalBoar d( DJB)has i ni ti
ated pi l
ot suppl y.
pr ojectofi mpr ovementi n wat ers uppl y ii. Wat er supplyi ncreas ed from l es s
net wor ki ns elect ed ar eas ofDel hiand than2hour sperdayt o24hour sperday.
Vas antVi harwas s el ect ed as one oft he iii
. 1 00% New Hous e Service
areasf ort hiss cheme.The ar eascover ed Connect i
ons .
undert hispr ojectar eVas antVi har,Vas ant iv. New pumpi ng s tation wi t
h capaci ty
Encl ave,Shant iNi ket an,Anand Ni ket an of 91 M/ 3
hr has been i ns tall
ed,r educi ng
andWes tend. MVVWat erUt i
lityPvtLt di sa ener gyandcons umpt iondr asti
call
y.
cons orti
um ofSPMLI nf ra, TahalCons ulting v. Non- Revenue Wat err educed fr om
Engi neers and I srael '
s l ar gest wat er 61%t obel ow 6%.Al lbor ewel l
shavebeen
company Hagi hon Jer us alem Wat erand phas ed of fthereby,r emovi ng chancesof
Was tewat er Wor ks f or med t o under t
ake cont ami nat i
on &exces siveel ectri
cit
y.AMR
thei mpr ovementi ns er vicel evelf orwat er met er s have been i ns tall
ed at each
suppl yinMehr aul iandVas antVi harpr oject hous ehol d. Tanker compl aints have
areas . reducedt onear l
yzer o.
Scopeofpr oj ect: vi. 24x7 compl aint management
i. I
mpr ovingwat ers uppl y/avail
abili
ty. system wi thus erfr
iendl ycons umers ervice
ii. I
mpr oving t he exi sting wat er cent erandel ectri
cit
ybi l
lsreduced.
dis t
ribut i
on s ystem i n or dert o minimi ze
leakageandwas tageofwat er . Chall
enges:
iii
. Revampi ngofs ervi ceconnect ionsi n i
. In the yearst he project worked-
thepr ojectar ea. ther
e wasno or derlylegisl
ati
on to water
iv. Rehabi litation & augment ation metersmaki ngitmoredi f
ficult.
wor ksf orpumpi ngs tations . i
i. Thei mplement at
ion ofthevisi
on of
v. I
mmedi ate Road r est orati
on af t er supplying wateraround thecl ockdid not
laying t he pi pel ines dur ing pr oject materiali
ze i n the years when Gi hon
impl ement at ion. workedi nthefiel d.
Page 36
1
3th May,
2022
Day6
Fi
eldVi
sit
:SeaofGal
il
ee
byMr
.JoeNakkar

TheGal il
eeSea— Ki nner et,asi tiscal ledi n natur
ewi l
lbeprotect
edandpr eserved,and
Hebr ew,af teri tsvi olins hape— i st heonl y soon.Fori ns
tance,theplan recommends
naturalf reshwat erl akei nt hecount r y,and moving Highway92f rom it
scur rentroute
i
tshis t
or yislongandr i
ch. TheSeaofGal ilee al
ongt heeastcoastofthelake.
suppl i
es30% ofI s rael'
sdr i
nki ngwat er.The
sal
inity oft he lake i ss igni ficantly hi gher I
nt ermsofwat ermanagement ,ir
regular
than t he s alini
ty ofs ur f
ace s treams t hat rainfal
l,r
ising temper at
uresand i ntensive
flow t ot hel ake.Thehi ghs ali
nityismai nly pumpi nghaveover taxedthewor l
d’slowest
deri
ved f r
om s aline gr oundwat er t hat freshwater lake,whi ch f or decades has
emer ges t hr ough of f
-shor e and on- shor e served as t he Jewi sh s tat
e’s mai n
spri
ngs al ong t he coas t of t he l ake. sweet -waterreservoi
r.
Moni toring wat erquant i
tiesand qual i
ties
i
nt hel akeand i tswat er shed pr ovidest he W hen Isr
aelfir stbuiltt he NationalWat er
basisforcur rentoper ationandf ordeci sion Carri
erbet ween 1953and 1 964,itwast he
maki ng i n pl anni ng managementoft he country’
sl argest, mos t ambi ti
ous , and
water shedaswel laswat ermanagementof mos texpensiveinfrastr
uctur eproject.
Mor e
thes tressedl ake. than4,000wor kerslaidanet workofpi pes
thatbroughtwat erfrom t heSeaofGal il
ee
Overt heyears,theauthori
ti
eshavef ought i
nt he nor th as fars outh as t he Negev
withentrepreneurswhot ookcontrolofthe desert,helping t or eali
ze t he dream t o
beachesandmadet hem profitabl
epr i
vate maket hedes ertbloom.
touri
sm ent er
pris
es t hreat
ening t he
catchmentar easofthelake. Buts i
ncet hefir s
tdes ali
nati
onpl ants t
ar ted
operations i n 2005,I sr
aelhas needed t o
A compr ehens i
ve developmentpl an was pump l es sand l esswat erfr
om t heSeaof
put t oget her t o addr ess t he t our i
s m Gali
lee f ordr inking and agr iculture,and
potent i
alof t he region and enabl et he today ver yl i
ttl
e wateri swi thdr awn f rom
publ i
ct oenj oythebeacheswhi l
enur turing thefres hwat erlake.Themaj orityofI srael’s
andpr es ervingtheopens paces ,pres erving dri
nking wat er— s ome70per cent— now
the Gal ilee ast he count ry’slarges topen comesf rom thecoas taldesalinat i
onpl ant s,
wat er r eservoir,developing t he r eligious especiallyt hosei nt he souther n citiesof
sit
es and pr otect
ing t he ecol ogi cal Ashdod and As hkelon. Af ter s ever al
heritage.Thepl an r
egul atesthedi fferent decades ,the need forwat ert o flow f rom
usest hatwoul d beaut horized along each theSeaofGal i
leei nthenortht ot heres tof
ofthel ake’ s65ki l
omet ers[ ofshorel i
ne] .It the count ryi nt he sout hismor e orl es s
i
ncl udes ar eas des igned f or t he gone. I srael now pl ans t o t ackle t he
devel opmentoft ouri
sm and ar easwher e chall
enge by r eversing the wat er flow
Page 37
through itsvastnet wor k ofpumps ,pipes
and t unnels dat ing t o t he 1960s ,t he
Nat i
onalWat erCar ri
er.Israel,a leaderi n
maki ngs eawaterdr i
nkable,pl anst opump
excessout putfr om itsdes ali
nation plant s
i
ntot heSeaofGal il
ee,depl etedbyover use
andt hreatenedbycl imat echange. Instead
ofwat eronl yflowi ng fr
om nor thtos out h,
Mekor otwi l
lbeabl etous et hes amepi pes
topumpwat erfrom thedes alinati
onpl ant s
i
nt hes outhoft hecount rybackt oitsnor th.

Thecount ryhasrun i
nt o dif
ficultyfindi ng
placestobuil
dnew des al
inati
onpl ants,due
tol ocalopposi
ti
on from r esidents angry
overlosi
ngtheirbeachacces s.

Eventually,t
he desali
nation pl antswi l
lbe
operating at a capacityt hat wi ll all
ow
Mekor ot to pump enough des al
inat ed
wateri ntothe Sea ofGal il
ee t or ai
set he
l
eveloft he l
ake by appr oximat ely halfa
met er.
The plan to pump des ali
nat ed wat eri nto
the SeaofGal il
ee wil
lallow I s
r aeltot reat
the fr
es hwaterlake as a s ortofs avings
accountf orespeci
all
ydr yyear s.

Att heheightofsummer,whenI sr
aeluses
themos twater
,Mekor
otwillbeabletotake
outwat erfr
om theSeaofGal i
leewithout
fearofr
eachingthebl
ackli
ne.

ThiscouldsaveIsr
aelf r
om having t
obui
ld
addit
ionaldesal
ination pl
antstomeetthe
high-demand periods,plantsthatwould
notbeneededt her estoftheyear
.

Page 38
1
5th May,
2022
Day7
Fi
eldVi
sit
:Hader
aRO Desal
inat
ionPl
ant
byMr
.Davi
dMul
ghay,CEO

Hader a RO Des ali

nation Pl ant was Isr
ael hasexper iencedwat ershortagesf ora
cons tr
uct ed wi thint he gr oundsofRabi n long time.Thegover nmenthad appr oved
Light spowers t
at i
on i n Hader a,I srael.The bil
lst o constructdes al
inat i
on pl ant ssuch
planti sl ocatedont heMedi terraneancoas t as t he As hkelon facil
ity,whi ch has t he
50km nor thofTelAvi v. capaci t
yt ogener ate100mi ll
ionm³off resh
Initiall
yt hepl antwasdes ignedt opr oduce wat erayear ,thePal machi mf acil
ity,which
about 1 00 mi lli
on m³ of hi gh- qual it
y hasapr oductioncapaci tyof30mi l
lionm³a
pot abl ewat erperyear .Inear l
y2009pl ans year,and t he As hdod facili
ty,whi ch hasa
wer emadet oext end pr oduct ion capaci t
y product ion capaci t
y ofan addi t i
onal1 00
byanot her27mi ll
ion m³peryearwi t
h an mi l
li
onm³ ,toover comet hesepr obl ems.
i
nves tmentof€70m.Af terext ens ion,t he
planthas become t he lar ges tRO- bas ed
des alinat i
onpl anti nt hewor ld.
Thepl antext ens ionwascompl et edi nMay
201 0 and wi ll be oper at ed by H2I D,a
cons orti
um ofI DE Technol ogi es( I
DE)and
Shi kun&Bi nuiHous i
ngandCons truction.
H2I D s igned t he agr eement f or t he
ext ens i
on pr ojecton a BOT bas is,wi tha
cont r
act f or 25 year s i ncl uding t he
cons tr
uct ionper iod.
Dur i
ng t heoper ation per iod,wat erwi l
lbe
suppl i
ed t ot he I sraeliGover nment at $
0.57/ m³ . After 25 year s t he pl ant wi ll
becomegover nmentpr oper ty. Despitetheseinstal
lati
ons,I
sraelsti
llneeds
In June 2009 I srael ’
s Mi nist ry ofFi nance mor e potable wat er. The gover nment
signed an agr eementr egar di ng financi ng theref
ore pas s
ed a bi lltoi ncreaset he
oft heexpans i
on.Thefinanci ngdeal swer e outputcapacitiesoftheabovef aci
li
tiesby
compl et edinMar ch2009. Thegover nment anaddi t
ional75mi l
li
onm³ .
awar dedt he€70m cont r
actt oH2I Di nJul y.
Ener gyRecover yI nc( ERIpr ovi ded PX- 220 Hader aplantdesign
pr essure exchanger devi ces t hat hel p The Hader a pr
oject i
s divided intot wo
reduce ener gy cons umpt i
on by 60%.The plants:easter
nandwes tern.Bothhavet he
Hader a pl ant r ecei ves el ect ricity di r
ect l
y same pr oducti
on capaci t
y and can be
from I sraelEl ectricCor porat ion( I
EC) . operated independently.Thepl anthous es
pre-tr
eatment and hi gh-pressure pump
Pur
poseofpr
oject faci
li
ti
esand an ef ficientener gy recovery
Page 39
sys
tem, membr ane ass
embl
y and 60% ( 700MW )ofpowercons umpt i
onatt he
post-
treat
mentf
acil
it
ies
. plantannual l
y,allowingwat eravailabil
it
yat
lowerpr i
ces .Thedevi ceshavet hecapaci ty
The pl ant was des i
gned to produce to produceappr oximat ely600, 000m³( 1
58
388,000m³ of drinki
ng water per day, mi l
li
ongal l
ons )offres hwat erperday.
alt
hought heproducti
oncapaci
tywaslater To decr eas e ener gy r equi rement s and
extendedto462,000m³perdayt oaddress increas e over al leffici ency,t he plantus es
wat ers
hortages
. pumpi ng cent r
e,membr ane cent re and
ener gyr ecover ycent re, andCas cadeBor on
Treatmentt echnol ogi es.
RO t echnol ogy att he pl anti ncludess ea
and br ackish wat er des alination and a
des i
gn of fering s i
mpl er oper at
ion and
mai nt enance.I t can pr oduce wat er for
drinkingandi ndus trialpur pos es.

Pre-tr eatment
The fir sts t
ep i n desali
nat i
ng s eawateri s
pre-treat ment .Thisisintended t or educe
saltpr ecipitati
onormi croorganis m growt h
i
n membr anes and us es ERI ’
s pr essure
exchanger t echnology.Si nce wat er from
thes eapas sest hrough anar r
ow pas sage
dur i
ng t he RO pr oces s
,s uspended s olids
areremoved.
Pre-treat ment i s neces sary becaus e it
reduces f ouling,s cal
ing and membr ane
degr adat ionandmodi fiespr oductflow, s al
t
rej
ect ion and pr oduct r ecovery. It also
reduces oper ati
ng cos tst hrough ener gy
recover ydevi cesandext endst hel i
feoft he
RO s ys t
em.

Technology
IDE s elected PX Pr es sur
e Exchanger
devicesbyERI ,a l
eaderi n designing and
developing ener gy recover y devi ces,for
desali
nation att he plant.The devi cesar e
int
endedt oreduceener gycons umpt i
oni n
SWRO pl ants, maki ng t he des ali
nati
on
processmor e cost
-effective.They oper ate
atup t o 98% efficiency t oreduce ener gy Treatment
consumpt i
on.PX devi cescan al sor educe RO iswidelyusedtoconvertseawaterinto
CO²emi ssi
on by2. 3mi ll
ion tonsperyear potablewater.Theprocessi
nvolvesf
orcing
and are expect ed tos ave appr oximately seawaterthrough afine-pored membr ane
Page 40
usingapr essurepumpatvar yi
ngpr es s
ures Lear
ning1
:
of67 bart o 75 bar .Ext ernalpr essurei s IDE Technol ogi es and a cons or t
ium of
needed t o r ever se t he flow of wat er i
nt ernat ionalfinanci ali ns tit
ut i
ons f unded
becaus e i n r egul ar os mos i
s wat er the $425- mi ll
ion ( USD) Hader a RO
mol ecules nat ur all
y flow f rom hi gher Des alinat ion Pl ant bui l
d- oper ate-trans fer
concent rati
onst ol owerconcent rati
ons . under taki ng. Never bef ore had f oreign
Thepr essureexchangeri sconnect edt othe banksfinanceds uchal ar ge-scal epr ojecti n
concent rates tream,whi ch t r
ans f
orms a Israel, and Eur omoney Pr oject Fi nance
pres sure dr op i ntor otat i
ng ener gy and recogni zed t hi s accompl ishment wi tha
purifieswat erbyupt o98%. 2007Dealoft heYearawar d.
The RO membr anes cons ist of dens e TheHader af aci li
tyisas tandouti nt er msof
barrierl ayer sofpol ymermat ri
x,through i
tst reat mentcos t
saswel l.Theoper ationi s
whi chmos tofthes epar ationoccur s.Wat er pr oduci nghi gh- qual i
t ypot ablewat erf r
om
mol eculespas st hrought hesepor es,whi le Medi t
er ranean s eawat erf orappr oximat ely
sal
tandi mpur iti
esar er et ained. 60cent s(USD)percubi cmet er,amongt he
l
owes tdes alinat i
oncos tswor l
dwi de. Carei s
Thepos t-t
reatmentprocessisthenappl
ied taken t o maxi mi ze pr oduct ion dur ing
todes al
inatedwatert
oadj ustthepH l
evel. off-peakhour sinor dert oavoi dt hehi ghes t
Thepur edr i
nkingwaterisstor
edinon-si
te electricityf ees ,and t he pl antempl oysan
faci
li
ti
esbef orebei
ngdistri
buted. ener gy- recover y s yst em wi th its
high- pr es sur e pumps : key f act ors i n
KeyPl
ayer
s cont rolling oper ationalexpendi ture cos ts
andkeepi ngt reatmentcos tsaffor dabl e.
The Hader a plantwasbui l
tbyH2I D aft
er In2032, mar king25year saf terthenot icet o
theywon an open t enderf rom t he I
sraeli pr oceed was i ss
ued, owner shi p of t he
Gover nment . IDE i s known f or its Hader a RO Des alinat ion Pl ant wi ll be
high- qualit
ywat erappl ications,whi ch are trans f
er redt ot heI srael igover nment .
i
ncor porated i n about 360 des ali
nations Pr ovenI nnovat i
ont hr ough:
plantsin40count ri
es . 1. Pr es sur eCent reDes i
gnf orSWRO
The Eur opean I nves t
ment Bank ( EIB) 2. 16’ ’ver ticalmembr anes
appr oved €35m ( $52m) financi ng f or a 3. Incr eas ed Ef fici ency,Economy and
€70m ( $104m)ext ens i
on, whichr epresents Rel i
abi l
ity: Hi gh Ef fici ency Mul ti Ef f
ect
50% oft het otalamountr equired.Ther est Di sti
ll
at ion, Di rectOs mos isCleani ng( DOC)
oft he financi ng wasar ranged by Fr ench 4. Reduced CAPEX & OPEX:Chemi cal
Calyon Cor porate and I nves tmentBank,a Free Des al i
nat i
on, Hi gh Recover y RO
specialis
ti nl ong- term pr ojects,and by (MAXH2O)
Banco Es pir
ito Santo( BES) ,a Por t
ugues e 5. Mi nimal Envi ronment al I mpact :
i
nves tmentbank. Bor on Removal Sys tem, Was t
e Wat er
Reus e

Lear
ning2:

Swis schall
engemet hodi
sanew pr ocessof
giving cont racts. Any per son wi th
credent i
als can s ubmit a development
propos altothegover nment.Thatpr oposal
willbemadeonl ineand as econd person
can gives ugges t
ionstoimpr oveand beat
thatpr opos al
.An exper tcommi t
tee wi l
l

Page 41
acceptt he bestpr oposaland t he ori
gi nal
propos erwi l
lgetachancet oaccepti tifitis
animpr ovementonhi spropos al.
Incas et heor i
ginalpr opos erisnotabl et o
mat cht hemor eat tr
activeand compet i
ng
count er pr oposal,t he pr oject wi l
l be
awar dedt othecount er-propos al .
TheSwi sschall
engemet hodi sonet hathas
been us ed in India by var ious s tat es
i
ncludi ng Kar nataka, Andhr a Pr ades h,
Rajasthan,MadhyaPr ades h,Bi har,Punj ab
andGuj aratforroadsandhous i
ngpr oject s
.
TheSupr emeCour tappr oved t hemet hod cons umedi nt hedes alinationpr oces s
,and
forawar dofcont r
acts. enabl eschemi cal-freemembr anecl eani ng
for uni nt errupt ed oper ation and s tabl e
Lear
ning3: per for mance,whi chi ncr easest hes ys tem' s
avai l
abi lit
y.
IDE PROGREEN of f
ershi gh- qual ity wat er "Given t oday' scr i
ticalwat err es ourcesand
product i
on whi le eliminat ing t he us e of envi ronment alchal l
enges ,wear epr oudt o
chemi cals and opt imizing ener gy be t he fir st t o i ntroduce a uni que,
cons umpt ion,t hus r educi ng oper ational eco- friendl ys ystem t hat i ncr eases ROI ,
costs ,
andi ncr eas i
ngROI . offersl owes tmai ntenance cos ts,ens ur es
IDE Technol ogies l
aunched I
DE uni nter rupt ed oper ation and r educes
PROGREEN, t he i ndus try's fir st gr een long- t erm ener gy cons umpt ion," s aid
Rever se Os mos is( RO)s ystem f or wat er Avs hal om Fel ber ,
CEO ofI DE. "Wi thover45
desal i
nat ion.Repr esent ing a cl ean and year sofi ndus t
r yexper tiseand 400 pl ant s
economi calappr oacht ohi gh- qual it
ywat er instal l
edi n40count ri
eswor l
dwi de,wear e
product i
on, I DE PROGREEN r educes wel lexper ienced t ogett hej ob done.And
oper ationalcos ts and i ncr eas es ROI by withI DE PROGREEN,wecan now pr ovide
optimi zing t he ener gy cons umpt i
on, envi ronment ally-sus t
ainabl e and
eli
mi nat ing t he us e and handl i
ng of cos t-ef f
ect i
ve wat erdes alinat i
on s ystems
chemi cals ,and of f
ering a cus tomi zabl e, acros st hegl obewi th allthebenefit sofa
sel
f-mai nt ained pl atform.Thi sr es ultsi n compr ehens ivedes ali
nat i
ons ystem i none
aff
or dabl e,s us t
ainabl e,hi gh- qual itywat er neat , compactpackage. "
for appl icat ions wor ldwi de i ncludi ng
i
ndus try,agr i
cul tureanddr inki ngwat er. IDE PROGREEN hel ps to f ur t
her save
IDEPROGREEN over comest hechal lenges moneybyut i
li
zing highl
yef ficientpumps ,
ofmi nimi zi ng des ali
nat ion impacton t he coupl edwithanener gyrecover ys ys
tem, to
environment by el imi nat i
ng t he us e of reduceener gycons umpt ion.Themodul ar
chemi cals i n t he pr e- tr
eat ment and pr oductisdesigned forcapacitiesranging
desal i
nat ion pr oces ses. The new wat er from 500 to1 0,000 cubic met ersperday
product i
ons ys t
em i scompactandflexi ble, peruni t,depending on wat ert ype;and is
whichmakesi teas ytot rans por tandi ns tall
. availabl
e containeri
zed or s ki
d- mounted,
This s igni ficant ly r educes cos t
s and dependi ngont hecapacity.
eli
mi nat est heneed t oi nves ti n expens i
ve
i
nfras truct ur e.I n addi tion,as par toft he Lear
ning4:
desal i
nat ion pr oces s,t he pat ent ed RO
Membr aneDi rectOs mos isCl eani ng( DOC) Potabl
eWat erReuseandDri
nki
ngWat er
system r educes t he amount of ener gy Theproces
sofus i
ngtreat
edwas
tewat
erfor

Page 42
drinki ng wat er is called pot able wat er thes e was tescont inuest o be achal l
enge
reus e. Pot abl e wat er r eus e pr ovi
des from the s t
andpoi nt s of cos t,
anot heropt ion f orexpandi ng a r egion’ s envi ronment als afet y, andbi os ecur ity.
wat err es our cepor tf
oli
o. Theamountofwas tepr oducedbyl ives tock
Ther ear et wot ypesofpot ablewat err eus e: and poul t ryi nf act or yf ar msi nt heUni ted
Indirect pot able r eus e: Us es an Stat es ,f or exampl e,i s al mos t1 3t i
mes
envir onment albuf f
er,such asal ake,r iver, higher t han t hat of t he ent ire human
oragr oundwat eraquifer,befor et hewat er popul at i
on.I nt he Uni ted Ki ngdom,ever y
i
st r
eat ed ata dr i
nking wat ert reat ment year ,1 50 mi llion t onsofl ives tock was tei s
plant .Di rect pot abler euse:I nvol ves t he dumpeddi rect lyi nt heenvi ronment .Del hi
treatment and di st
ribution of wat er too s uf fer sf rom i mpr operenvi ronment al
wi t
houtanenvi ronment albuf fer. treat mentofwas tesf rom gaus hal as.
Israelhas was tewat ert reat mentf aci li
t i
es
thatcons i
s ts ofa s eries ofphys i
caland
biol ogi cals tages .Dur ing t he fir s ts teps ,
sol i
d was t ei sfil t ered f rom t hewas tewat er
and s epar at ed f orcompos ting,whi let he
li
qui d par tflowst hr ough t hr ee i ndi vidual
art i
fici alwet l
ands and event ual ly comes
outascl eani rri
gat ionwat er .
Ar tifici alwet landsar eengi neer ed s ys tems
thatus e nat ur alf unct ions f rom t he s oi l
,
veget at ion,and ot heror gani smsand ar e
typi cal ly us ed t o t reat was tewat er,
gr eywat erors tor mwat err unof f.
Att heout s et, ther aw was tewat erappear ed
Lear
ning5: br owni s h and cl oudy,but af ter i t went
thr ought hewet lands ,itiscr ys talcl earand
Biomi mi cry met hod f or s olving t he odor les s.
was tewat er pr oblem by us i
ng nat ur e’s The pl antr oot saci di f
yt he s oi lwi tht hei r
wisdom: elimi nat ed car bon di oxi de,whi ch l eadst o
Biomi mi cryi san appr oach t oi nnovat ion sodi um r emoval ,whi let hepl anti tselft akes
seeking s us tainables olutions t o human up s odi um f rom t he s oilf ori tsown vi tal
challenges by emul at i
ng nat ur e’s pr oces ses .
time- t
es ted pat t
ernsand s t r
ategi es.I nt he Theobj ect i
vei st opr ovideacl oseds ys tem
proces sdevel oped by Ayal a,t he dr ai
ni ng to ci rcul at e agr o- indus trialwas tewat eron
proper ties oft he soiland t he abs orpt i
ve thes i
teon whi ch i ti spr oduced whi leal so
capaci ti
esoft hepl antsar eus ed t o pur ify compl yi ngwi t ht hes tandar dsf ort her eus e
the browni s hr esidualwat erpr oduced by oft reat edwas tewat er .
li
vestock i ndus tr
ies,l
eaving i tcr ystalcl ear Envi ronment alcos tsofdes alinat ion:
andr eadyt or euse. Thedes al inat ionofs eawat eri sper cei vedas
Asidef rom meat ,milk,and eggs ,lives tock one oft he mos tvi abl e pr oces sest of ul fill
indus t
riespr oducewas t
est hatar ehar mf ul the mount ing demand f or f res hwat er.
tot he envi ronmenti fnotwel lmanaged. Des pi te enor mous economi c,s ocial ,and
Thepr oduct ion and accumul ation ofl ar ge heal th benefit s of fered by des alinat ion,
volumesofwas tehavei ncreas edasar es ult ther e ar es ever alconcer ns r egar ding i ts
oft he ques tf or profit maxi mi zat ion by pr os pect iveenvi ronment ali mpact s(EI s).
farmer si nt hef aceoft hegr owi ngdemand The br ine managementt echnol ogi es f or
forthei rpr oduct s.However ,thedi s pos alof thedi spos alofr ejects t ream,t her ecover y
Page 43
ofpr eciousmat er i
alsand wat er,and t he The mai n obj ect i
ves oft he Ki shon r iver
product i
on ofus ef ulchemi cal sar ecr ucial. cleanup:
Curr entchal l
engest omi nimi zet headver s e i. Termi nat ionoft her i
verpol l
ution.
impact sofdes alinat i
on and pr ospect sof ii. Qual itywat eraddi t
ion,accor ding t o
sustai nable gr eener des alination t o ther i
verr es torationpr i
nciples.
over whel m gl obalwat erscarci t
iesar edeal t iii
. Cl eani ng and t r eati
ng the pol luted
through t echnol ogies. The cur r
ent riverfloor .
desal ination appr oaches have moder at e iv. Res toration and pr eservation of
and mi nor negat ive EI s
.However ,wi th habi t
at s,i
ncl udi ngr estori
ngl ostspeciest o
propermi tigati
onandut il
izationofmoder n ther i
verandr iverbanks .
technol ogi es, t hes e i mpact s can be v. Turni ng t he r iver canyon t o t he
lessened. Fur ther mor e, by empl oying gr eenlungoft heHai f
amet ropolitanar ea.
vari
ous moder nt echni ques ,r eject br ine vi. Devel opi ngr ecreati
onal parksont he
can be ut il
ized f or s ever al us ef ul riverbanks .
appl ications whi le r educi ng i ts adver s e vii. I mpr oving l and val ue and cr eat i
ng
impact s s
imul taneous l
y. Recent economi c activities thatwi l
ldevel op t he
advancement s in des ali
nat i
on ar ea.
technol ogi es have al so of fered many viii. Changi ng t he publ icimage oft he
alt
er nat i
ve appr oaches t hat pr ovide a riverandi t
ss ur roundi ngs .
roadmapt owar dsgr eenerdes alination.
Thegoal:
Maintai
ning the ri
ver as a sust
ainabl
e
Fi
eld Visi
t:Ki
shon Ri
ver Rest
orat
ion eco-s
ystem and r
eturni
ng t
he ri
vertothe
Pr
oject publi
casalivi
ng,flowingri
ver.

by Mr
. Ei
tan Zent
ner, Head of TheRi versandSpr ingsLaw ( 1965)
Envi
ronment
,Ki
shonRA The Ri versand Spr ingsAut hor ity(Kishon
RiverAut hor ity)di
rect i
ve1 994
TheKi shonRi verAut hor it
ywasf oundedi n The Mi ni
s t
ry ofEnvi ronment alPr otecti
on
1994 by t he Mi nist
ry of Envi ronment al Gover nmentdeci s
ions :
Protection accor ding t ot he Ri ver s and i
. Gover nmentdeci sion#969–mas ter
Spr i
ngs Law ( 1965) and t he Ri ver s and planf ortheKi shonr i
ver
Spr i
ngsAut hor i
ty( Kishon Ri verAut hor i
ty) i
i. Gover nment deci sion #1 509 – t he
directi
ve 1 994,i n or der toi mplement a ShamgerCommi t
teer epor tr egar di
ng t he
compr ehens ive cleanup project: cons equences of I DF act iviti
es i n t he
prevention of wat er pol lution, hazar d Kishon Ri verand i tss urroundi ngson t he
removal , ar rangi ng wat er s ources, healthoft hes oldi
erst hatt r
ainedt here.
preservation ofl ands cape and cr eati
on of i
ii. Gover nment deci sion #3454 – t he
recreati
onalar eas .Allthiswasdone af ter KishonRi verdepol l
ut ingandcl eanuppl an.
recognizingt hei mpor tanceoft urningt he v. Gover
i nment deci sion #5076 – t he
ri
ver from a pr obl em t oas ol
ut i
on and KishonRi verAut horitycl eanupbudget .
recreati
ngi tasapubl icasset. Dredgi ng and Sedi mentRemedi ati
on i n
theKi shonRi ver
Author
ity member si ncl
ude government Res t
or ingLifet oTheRi ver
of
fices, muni ci
pali
ties, factor
ies
, l and KishonRi verrehabi l
itation, Israel
owners, cor porat
ions and publi
c
or
ganizati
ons. Achi
evement s:
i
. ApprovaloftheKishon Ri
verMas
ter
Pl
anbyt heIsrael
igover
nment .
Page 44
i
i. Ongoing supervi si
on ofdischarges Par ki nHai fa.
tother i
verandpr otectionofther i
verand xiii. Pr epar at ionofadet ailedpl anf ort he
i
tsenvironsfr
om hazar ds . Lower Ki s hon Ri ver Par k i n an ar ea
i
ii
. Reduct i
on i n t he vol ume and spanni ngabout90hect ar es( 0.9SqKm) .
i
mpr ovement i n the qual i
ty of effluent Wat erQual it
yi mpr ovementi nt her iver :
dis
charges to t he river and s i
gnificant Inr ecentyear s,t her ehasbeen s igni ficant
i
mpr ovementi nitswat erquali
ty. impr ovementi nwat erqual ityint heKi s hon
Ri ver. Thi s i s due t o r egul ation and
super visi
on of i ndus trial pl ant s by t he
Ki shon Ri verAut hor it
yand t heMi ni s
t ryof
Envi r
onment Pr otect i
on and to
requi rement sf or upgr adi ng was tewat er
treat ment f aci lities and i mpr oving t he
qual i
tyofdi schar get ot her iver, aswel l ast o
treat mentoft he di ffer enthazar ds al ong
ther i
ver .
TheRehabi li
tat ionEcos ys tem
Int he wake oft he i mpr ovementi nt he
river ’
swat erqual ity,wi ldli
f e hasbegun t o
ret urnt oitswat er sandbanks .
iv. Set ting of an envi ronment al The Ki shon Ri ver Aut hor ity oper ates a
standar df orwat erqual ityi nt he Ki shon bi ologicalmoni t orings ys tem andi st aki ng
Ri ver . steps t o r es tor e s peci es t hat have
v. Impl ement at i
on of compr ehens ive di sappear edf rom t her iver bed:
moni tori
ng t o check wat erqual i
ty along • Restor ationoft hes of t-shel ledt ur t
le
thel engt hoft her i
veratr egul arintervals. • Restor ationoft heMel anops i
ss nai l
vi. Es tabl i
s hment of an onli
ne • Restor ation oft he Acant hr obr ama
moni tori
ng station f or cont inuous li
s sner ifish
meas urementofr i
verwat erqual ity. • Impl ement ationofobs er vat i
ons
vii. Bi ologi calmoni tori
ng oft he r et
ur n • Cons er vat ionofhabi tat s
ofl ifet other iverandt her eturnofs pecies • Rehabi li
tat ionofveget ation
toi t. Fut ur eGoal s
viii. Es tabl i
s hmentofabr eedingnucl eus • Impl ement i
ng a compl et es olut i
on
of r are pl ant s pecies whi ch ar e for I ndus trial ef fluent s and s toppi ng
char acteri
s t
icoft her i
verenvi ronment . di schar get ot her iver
ix. I mpl ement at i
onofacompr ehens ive • Impr ovi ng r ivers wat erqual ity and
sur veyt o det ermi ne and char acteri
ze the cleani ngupt her i
verbedf rom pol lut i
onf or
pol lutionint her i
ver bed. boat i
ngandfis hingpur pos es .
x. Adopt i
on ofagover nmentdeci si
on
on apol l
ut i
on cl eanup pl an fort heKi shon
Ri verwi t
hj ointf undi ng from gover nment
mi nistri
es,l ocalaut horit
iesand i ndus trial
pl ant s.
xi. Pr epar at i
on ofa wat erplan f orthe
river .
xii. Es tabl i
s hment of par ks along t he
river banks :i n Ki yyat Tivon, Ha’ amaki m
Junct ion,Al ro’ iSpr i
ng,t he Gedur a River
Par kinKi ryatBi alikandt heFi shingHar bor
Page 45
Implement i
ngofwat ers upplyprogram f or Fi
el d Vi
sit:Rivul
is-Manufact
urerand
the r iver i n accor dance wi th r iver providerofirr
igati
onsol
uti
ons,Kibbutz
rehabili
tat i
onpr i
nciples . Gvat
• Addi ng Par ks ect i
ons and bi cycle by Mr . Raphi Gol an, Mar keti
ng
pathsal ongt her i
verandi tstr
ibutari
es Director,Asia
• Devel oping an Ur ban Nat ure Par k
downs tream Im act
mp eval uat ion studi es of
• Di verting t he lowerSaadi ar ivert o mi cro-irrigat i
on s chemes poi nt out t hat
theKi shon s altmar s
hesand devel oping a irr
igat i
oncos ti sr educedby20- 50percent
bird-
wat chi ngpar kint her egi
on with an aver age of 32. 3 per cent i n
• Rehabi li
tatinguni quehabi tatsalong mi cro-irrigat i
on schemes . El ectr i
city
theriver cons umpt ion i sr educed by about31per
• Es tablishing a r iver rehabil
itati
on centand t he s aving off er til
izer si si nt he
andwet landvi sitorcent er. rangeof7t o42percent .
Mos t i mpor t ant ly, t he over alli ncome
enhancementoff armer si si nt her angeof
20- 68percentwi thanaver ageof48. 5per
cent .
However ,t hegover nmentdat as how t hat
veryf ew St at eshaves hownent hus ias mt o
execut e mi cr oi rrigat ion s yst ems t os ave
wat erandaddt ot hef ar mer s’ i
ncome.
The fiel d vi sit t o Ri vul is, a maj or
manuf act ur er of mi cr o irrigat i
on
equi pment s and pr ovi der of mi cr o
irr
igat i
on s olut ions t hr ough l ighton t he
Lear
nings: immens e i mpact of mi cr o i rrigat i
on
solut i
ons i nI s raeliagr icul tur e es peci ally
i. Biologicalmoni tor
ing oft he r et
ur n dripi rr
igat i
onandpr eci sionagr icul ture.
ofl i
fet ot her iverandt hereturnofs pecies Star ti
ngi n1 966asPl as troonKi bbut zGvat
toi t. inIs r
ael ,Ri vul ishasgr ownovert heyear st o
ii. Establishmentofabr eedingnucl eus become a gl obal i rri
gat ion l eader ,
of r are pl ant s pecies whi ch ar e expandi ng ourdr ipi r ri
gat i
on and mi cr o
char act eri
s t
icoft her i
verenvironment . irr
igat i
oncapabi li
ties, mar ketcover ageand
iii
. I mpl ement ati
onofacompr ehens ive oper ationals cal et hrough t he mer gerof
sur veyt o determi ne and char acteri
ze the four l eadi ng pl ayer s:Pl as tro,T- Sys tems ,
pol lutionint her i
verbed. Rober tsIr ri
gat ionandEur odr i
p.
iv. Pr epar ati
on ofa wat erplan f orthe The Company of fers pr ofes sionals ys t
em
river . des ign to ins t
allat ion, agr onomi st
v. Establishment of par ks along t he exper tise, hands -ont rai ningandeducat ion,
river banks :i n Ki yyat Tivon, Ha’ amaki m in-the- fiel d t echni cal s uppor t,financi ng,
Junct i
on,Al ro,ISpr i
ng,t he Gedur a River and l ogi s ti
cs t o Manna I rrigat i
on
Par ki nKi ryatBi ali
kandt heFi shingHar bor Intelli
gence, i ts s at ellite-bas ed pr eci se
Par ki nHai fa. irr
igat i
on s of twar epr ovi ding gr ower swi th
sit
e s peci fic, dynami c irrigat i
on
recommendat ionsi nr ealt ime.Addi t
ional
producti nnovat i
onsi ncl ude:
• Ri vul isX- Pel l
,dr ipl ine & dr ipt ape
capabl et o def end i t self agai nsti nsect
Page 46
i
ns ectdamage.
• RivulisT-Tape–i ntegr atedemi tter.
• Rivulis Ro- Dr i
p – mol ded emi tt
er
dr i
plines .
• Rivulis H6000 PE Layflat – l ayflat
wi t
hpr e- i
ns tal
ledout lets .
• Manna I rr
igat i
on I ntel
li
gence – a
sens or-f
ree pr ecision i rrigati
on deci sion
suppor ts oluti
on hel ping gr ower st o fine
tunet hei rirri
gat i
ondeci sionsinr ealt i
me.
Manna i s a s ens or-free, s oftwar e-only
solution thatpr ovidesgr ower sar ound t he
wor ldwi tht heact i
onabl ei nformat iont hey
need t o make bet ter- i
nf or med and mor e the users.The farmers ar
e demandi ng
confidenti r
rigationdeci sions . component sofdripki
tsl
ikepipes,dri
ppers
Manna l
everages hi gh res oluti
on, etc.whichtheycanassembleont heirown
frequent ly r efr
es hed s atelli
te dat a and andt hebiggestexampleofthiss
hi f
tist
he
hyper -l
ocalweat heri nf ormat i
on t o deli
ver populari
tyofPepseesyst
ems .
highl yaffordabl e and acces si
bles olutions
forsitespeci ficirrigationr ecommendat ions
and cr op heal th moni tor ing— r i
ghti nt he
palm ofagr ower ’shand.

Lear
ning:

From t hehi ghlysophisti

catedcus tom-buil
t
dr i
p i rr
igation s olut
ions f or t he large
farmer s,t he technology s hifted towards
PackageSol uti
onspr ovi
ded i nt heform of
Dr i
p-Kitspopul ar
ized by IDE i nt he f
orm
ofBucket -Drip-Kit
s and Mi cro-Tube-Kit
s
and t he r ecent Fami ly-Drip-Kits being
offeredbyNet afim. Today,ther eisaneedt o
transfert he technologyi ntot he handsof

Page 47
1
6th May,
2022
Day8
Lectur
e:Isr
ael
’
sNati
onalPr
ogram f
ort
heI
ntr
oduct
ion
Technologi
esi
ntheWaterSect
or
byMr
.DannyLacker
,IWA

W at
er Secur
ity and Emer
gency dark,cooland dr ys ecur ed r oom ori nt he
Chall
enges room des i
gnat ed ast heemer gencyr oom
suchasa“ s
ealedr oom” :
Isr
aeli sundercons t
antt hreat,which may Recommendeds uppl i
esi ncl ude:
also affectwat erand s ewage us e. The • Package of wet wi pes or
threatst owat erus eandmanagementar e anti-
bacterialgel–t obeus edf orpersonal
asf ol
lows : hygieneinl i
euofwat er.
•poi son • Disposabl e papergoodsand paper
•s abotageofwat erfacili
ti
es towels–t o be us ed when you can’ twas h
•war -cyber -
attackbyI ran dishes.
•system failure-f orexampl ewal kerton e • Garbagebags–t omai ntain aclean
colicont ami nation,Har bins pil
lofChi na, environmentandt opr eventenvi r
onment al
Char l
es t
on chemi cals pil
lin Wes tVirgini
a, hazards.
USA, • Sanitati
on bag – s ani tation needs .
•humaner ror Canbepur chas edons peci alizedwebs ites.
•ear thquake • Gaalitmar avis anitationki tisapr i
me
exampl ediscuss edi nthes es s i
on.
SHORTTERM RESPONSETO WATERCRI SIS
Regul aremer gency s es s
ionson pot ent ial Int
roducing Technologies and I OT
wat eri ssuesar e hel d.Var iousemer gency sol
utionstowat
erutil
iti
es-INNOVATI
ON
sit
uat i
ons wi t
h advi ce on how t o handl e ATW ATERAND SEW AGEFACI LI
TY
them s houl dt heneedar isear eadver t
ised.
Publ ic i nformat i
on, al ternative wat er MEI SHI KMA WATER AND SEWAGE
suppl yand hit ech and l ow t ech solut i
ons FACI
LITY
aret he mai n ar easofr espons et o wat er
cri
s i
s .In ordert o mi nimi zet heamountof The MeiShi kma Wat er Ut i
li
ty Ltd was
stressdur inganemer gency,andt heneed founded i n 2008 asa r egionalwat erand
toleavehomes ,everyhous eholds hal lstore sewageUt i
li
ty.
4l iters ofwat erperper son perday,f or The Hol on Muni cipali
ty, Or Yehuda
threedays( i
tdoesnothavet obemi ner al Muni ci
pal i
ty,theAzorCounci landt heBei t
wat er ,wat er from t he s ink wi l
ls uffice) . DaganCounci laretheowner softheUt il
ity,
Bot tl
eds i
nkwat ershal l ner efr
eshedoncea whichpr ovideswat erands ewages er
vices
mont h wi thf resh wat er.Bot tl
ed mi ner al toappr oximat ely250thous andi nhabitants
wat ers houl d be us ed byt he dat e on t he and isr espons i
blefors ome1 00 thousand
l
abel . Home Sani tation Ki ts s hal l be watermet ers.
mai nt ained,whi chi ncl udesbas icpr oduct s TheUt il
itypur chas esabout1 9mi l
li
oncubi c
fordai l
yus e.The ki ts houl d be kepti na met ersofwat erperyearf rom t heMekor ot
Page 48
Companyand mai nt ai
ns300 km ofwat er
pipeli
nesand anot her300 km ofs ewage
pipes,in addit
ion the Util
it
y pos sesses a
regionalsewage pumpi ng stati
on,whi ch
str
eamst he wast
e wat erstot he Shafdan
l
ines .

data anal
yti
cs dashboard,CYMAT water
quali
tymonitor
ing,smartAIbaseds
ervi
ce,
combiningsuperi
orsensors
.

PalgeiMay’
im:Bundel
khand UP W at
er
Project

Further
more, t
he Ut i
li
ty maint
ains an The I ndia– Is
rael– Bundel khand Wat er
accumulat
ionpoolof3000cubicmeter
sin Projectcompr isest hr
ee key component s
theAzorRegi
onalCouncilar
ea. incl
udi ng wat er cons er vati
on, wat er
efficient trans portati
on and advanced
TheChal lenge wat erpract
icesf oragricul
tur e.
•Connect ing thecity'smainmet erstot he The agr eementhasbeen s i
gned fortwo
remot e reading s ystem ( AMR) and an yearsandwi llbeext endedl ater.Thepr
oject
extensive deploymentofcommuni cations aimst oaddr esswat ercris
isi ndrought.
systemsi napopul atedur banar ea.
•Conduct i
ng r i
goroust esti
ng in ordert o
ensur ethatnoi nconveni enceiscaus ed to
res
ident sbyt heintegrati
onoft hemet ers.
• Connect ion and i nt
egration into t he
exi
s ti
ngBI LLI
NG s ystem attheUt il
it
y.

Waterrat
es
Const
ructi
onf
ees31
.3$/m

How t heydoi t
•infr
amai ntenance-
operat i
on - cont rol center , cont ractor
super visi
on, dataanal yt
icsengi neeri
ng
•dat amanagement-uni quet echnol ogies-
acous ti
c det ector s,wat erqual i
ty,sleeving
technol ogies, microt unnelli
ng.
Gover nmenti nitiative
Isr
aelnew- techpr ogram
Aquar iuss pect rum l eakdet ection aspi pr
condit i
onas sessment-acous ti
cs ensor ,big

Page 49
1
7th May,
2022
Day9
Fi
eldVi
sit
:Be’
erShevaSt
ream Rest
orat
ionPr
oject
byMr
.Nehemi
aShahaf
,CEO,B’
sorRi
verAut
hor
ity

Wat ershedsar et hear easofl andwher eall communi tywi tht he pr imar yobj ectiveof
ofthewat erthatr unsunderi tordr ainsof f laying t he foundat i
on f oref fective s tream
i
t col l
ect s at t he s ame pl ace. The restor ation.TheJNFPar sonsWat erFundi s
Bes or-Hebr on- Be’ er Sheva wat ershed apr inci palfunderoft het hr ee- yearpr oject,
i
ncludesar easofI srael,theWes tBank, and whi ch i s managed by Cent er f or
Gaza( SdeBokeri nt hes out h,Hebr oni nthe Trans boundar yWat erManagementatt he
northeas t,andGazai nt hewes t),
ul t
imat ely Arava I nsti
tut ef orEnvi ronment alSt udies
draining i nto t he Medi terranean Sea. (CTWM) .
Becaus ei ti ncl udes bot hI s
raeland t he To under st
and t he br oaderpi cture,wat er
Palestinian Aut hor i
ty,i tis cons i
der ed a qual ityi n Negev communi ti
es mus t be
tr
ans boundar ywat ershed. evaluat edtoget herwi tht hewat erf r
om t he
The wat ershed’ s pr oblem s tems f r
om Bedoui n and Pal estini an communi ti
es
untreat ed s ewage di s char ges f r
om ups tream.
domes ticand i ndus t
rialsour ces ,including To addr esst he caus es ofpol l
ution at a
l
eat her t anni ng, s tone cut t
ing, and wat er shed l evel, CTWM i
s us ing
ol
ive-pr essing f aci l
iti
es int he Wes tBank state- of-the-ar t hydr ol ogi cal moni toring
due t ot he r egion’ sl imited was tewat er stations and Geogr aphi c I nformat ion
tr
eat ment i
nf r
as tr
uct ure. Poll
ut i
on Sys tems ( GI S) t o col lect and anal yze
gener atedbyt hePal es t
inianst hencr os ses wat er sheddat a.Thefir s toft hreeadvanced
i
nt oIsraeldowns t
ream. hydr ol ogic moni t
oring s tations has been
installed and wi llcollectcont i
nuouswat er
Att heGr eenLi ne,I sraelpar ti
allyt r
eat sthe qual ity and quant it
y dat a. Ext ens i
ve
was tewat er
,butbecaus ethewat erbel ongs informat ion hasbeen compi led on wat er,
to t he Pal es ti
nians , accor di
ng t o envi ronment al condi ti
ons ,
i
nter nati
onalwat erlaw,al lIsraelcan doi s socio- economi cs,land us e,and s our cesof
rel
eas e t he was t
ewat er back i nto t he pollut ion from t hroughoutt hewat er shed.
str
eam. Byt het i
met hewat err eachesBe’ er Addi ti
onal l
y, CTWM has devel oped a
Shevai thaspi ckedupaddi ti
onalunt reated geodat abase us ing GI St o anal yze and
was tewat er from s urroundi ng Bedoui n visual i
ze wat ershed dat as patially on a
communi ti
es t hat al so l ack adequat e seriesofmaps .
sewagei nfr
as t
ruct ure.Inaddi tion, research CTWM,whi ch has a hi stor y of s eeki ng
sugges ts t hat t he s urface was tewat er pract ical s ol uti
ons t o envi r
onment al
i
nfil tr
ates gr oundwat er,pos i
ng a s eri
ous probl emswi thdi versevoi cesandar egi onal
threatt o drinking wat err esour cesi nt he focus , engaged I sr
ael i
, Pal es ti
nian and
Wes tern Mount ain aqui fer.Thi s pr oj
ect Bedoui n s takehol ders i n cr os s-bor der
broughtt oget herpar ties fr
om I srael,the wor ks hops .Thecompi leddat awasus edas
Pales t
ini
an Aut hor it
y and t he Bedoui n a pl atform f or t ransboundar y di alogue
Page 50
aboutef f
ect ive r es torat i
on s t
rategi esand per
ceived as t
aki
ng wat
er away f
rom
discus sions about wat er qual it
y and agr
icult
ure.
was tewat er management . The GI S
visual izat ion and anal ys i
s hel ped
communi cat eas cient ificunder standi ngof
the wat er shed condi ti
ons and f os ter a
bet ter wor king r elations hip wi th al l
invol ved.
CTWM’ sr es ear ch ens ur ed a s us t
ai nabl e
andbenefici alwat er shedf ornotonl yBe’ er
Shevaand t heBe’ erShevaRi verPar k,but
alsot he ent ire Negev r egi on.By f rami ng
the pr oj ect at a wat er shed l evel ,t he
appr oach f ul fill
st hegoal sofr estoring t he
ent ires ystem f rom i tspoi ntofor igini nt he
sout her n Wes tBankt oi tst ermi nusatt he
Medi ter ranean Sea, i ncl udi ng the In t he year 2000, t he cabi net ’
s
es tabl i
s hmentofa vi abl e and flour is hing ‘
Gover nment alDeci si
on 18/7/2000’f ort he
Be’ erShevaRi verPar k. firstti
me, speci ficall
yappr ovedal locat i
onof
Bas e flow wat er di schar ge i nt he Bes or 50 mcm of f resh wat er t o nat ure –
wat ersheddecr eas esdowns tream bymor e essent i
allyan al locati
on f
ort her estorat i
on
than80%. ofI sr
ael ’
ss t
reams .Over a decade l at er
,
The maj or i
tyoft hi sl ossofwat ermaybe author i
tieshadyett oactuallyallocat eal lof
attribut ed t ot r ans mi ssion l osses i nt he thiswat ert onat ure,butatl eastatt hel evel
channelbed,wi thi nfil tration ofpol lut i
on ofproclamat ionsandvi s
ion, admi ni
st r
at ors
loadi nt ot hes oi landgr oundwat er. wer e begi nning t orecogni ze the val ue i n
The maj orpoi nt pol l
ut ion s our ce i sr aw rehabili
tat eds treams .
sewagedi schar gef rom t heci tyofHebr on These wer es tepsi nt he ri
ghtdi rection i n
into t he Hebr on St ream. Thi s s our ce termsofi mpr oving waterqual ityand t he
changes t he f undament alnat ur e oft he adequacyofs tream flow.
ephemer als tream,conver ting i tinto ade
fact o s ewage condui t wi th per manent Lear
nings:
bas eflow r unni ng mor et han a 1 20 km
downs t ream. The Hebr on St ream does A St ream Rehabi litation Aut hority – an
show a s emi -
s el f-pur ificat ion mechani sm i
nt eragency body – act ing i n advi sory
thatpar tl
yt reat st hes ewageand r educes capaci t
y,wi t
hs tat utor y power s may be
theor gani cl oad i nt hewat er.A r angeof made r es pons i
ble f or coor dinat i
ng t he
pol lutant s,incl udi ng nonpoi ntagr i
cul tur al policy and deci sion- maki ng with
runof f,ur ban s tor mwat er ,and di schar ge oper ati
onal power sf or r ehabi l
it
ation of
from i ndus trial s it
es have al so been ri
ver s.
ident i
fiedatmanypoi ntsal ongt hes tream. W atershed bas i
n appr oach t o s tream
TodayI srael ’
ss treamscer t ainlybenefitf rom rehabi l
itation isneces sary,and i tiswi dely
thes teadyi mpr ovementi nI srael’ssewage recogni zedi nisraelt hats uchanappr oach
treat ment . Ul timat ely, s treams cannot i
sneces sar yforef fect i
vei mpl ement ati
on.
come back t ol ifei ft hey do nothave a Stream r ehabi li
tat ion i s a pr olonged
reliabl eflow off r es h wat er.Becaus ewat er proces st hatr equir escons iderables tami na
allocat ion i n wat er-scar ce count ries i s ont hepar tofs ociet yanddeci sion-maker s.
es sent iallyazer os um game,t aki ng wat er The compl ex web ofi nteractions wi thin
fors tream r es t
or at ionhast radi ti
onal l
ybeen biologicals ystems i s ext remel ys ens i
tive,

Page 51
fr
equent l
ypoor lyunder st
oodandmayt ake Thef acil
ityoper atesi naccordancewi ththe
decades t oreach a heal t
hy equi l
ibri
um. currentEur opean di recti
ve,whi ch ensur es
Cosmet ic pr ojects,s uch as bi ke t rai
ls, thes tabili
tyoft hemat eri
alforatleast1,000
concretized banksand par kbenches ,may yearsaf terbur i
al.
sati
sfymuchoft hepubl icdemand, andar e Thermalt reatmentofor gani cwas t
e
much eas ierand cheapert oimpl ement , Thef acil
ityisownedbyEcos ol(I
srael)Ltd.,a
butwhati smor er equir
ed ismeani ngful, subcont ractor of t he Envi ronment al
sci
ent i
fic and s ustai
nabler estorati
on of ServicesCompany.
ri
verswi th clearbas i
nrehabili
tati
on pl ans The f acili
tyi s des igned f or i
ncinerat i
ng
onwat er shedbas i
s. hazar dous chemi calor ganic was tet hat
arri
ves at t he pl ant from t he var i
ous
Fi
eld Vi
sit
: Envi
ronment
al Ser
vices indus tr
iesint hroughoutI sr
ael.
CompanyLimi
ted Opt i
mum oper at i
on oft hef aci
li
tyrequi res
a mi nimum amount ofwas te ofcal oric
byMr
.BoazHi
rsch valuet hatwi l
lbes ufficientforincineration,
withoutaneedf orfuels.
TheEnvi ronment alSer vicesCompanyLt d.
(ESC)i sagover nmentcompanyt hatwas
es t
abl i
shed in1 990,t o dealwi t
h al loft he
hazar douswas tepr oduced i nI s r
ael ,whi le
carefullypr otectingt heenvi r
onment .
The company pr ovi des a wi de r ange of
envi r
onment al pr ot ect i
on s olutions and
services toi ndus tries ,r esearch i nst i
tutes,
l
abor at ori
esand bus ines ses.Thecompany
ownsand oper atesapl ant,s i
tuat ed int he
NaotHovavI ndus trialAr ea.Us i
ng s omeof
the mos tadvanced moder n met hods i n
the wor ld,t he pl ant a wi de r ange of
hazar douswas tet ypesi ncluding–or ganic,
i
nor gani c,li
qui dands ol i
d.
Treatmentofi nor gani c ef fluent st hatar e Thet reat edor ganicwas tei ncludesamong
polluted wi th var i
ousheavymet als,aci ds, other s,was te from t he phar maceut ical
bas es and oxi dant s.At t he end of t he i
ndus tr y, was te from hos pital
s, expired
treatment ,theef fluent sar et ransfer redf or medi cinesandbypr oduct soft hechemi cal
further t reat ment at t he s tabilizati
on/ i
ndus tr yandot herindus tr
ies .
solidificationf acil
ity,inwhi cht hel iqui dsar e The l abor atory of t he Envi ronment al
recycledasanal ter nat ivet omai nswat er. Services Company i s l ocat ed i n t he
company’ splant.
The was te s tabili
zat
ion/ s ol
idi
fication The l abor ator yiscer t
ified byt he Nat i
onal
processi sintended t os t
abili
ze the was t
e Labor at or y Accreditati
on Aut horit
y under
chemi call
y and s oli
dif
yi t mechani call
y, theI SO/I EC1 7025s tandar d.
before its bur i
al in a s tandard landfil l Thel abor atoryconduct sr egul arcont rolof
sit
uatedi nt heplantgr ounds .Thisproces s all of t he chemi cal pr oces ses t hat ar e
i
nvolves mi xi
ng a number of di ff
erent per f
or medatt hefacili
tiesoft hepl antand
component s bas ed on a cer tai
n devel ops uni que,advanced met hods f or
formulation,whi ch di f
fers among was t
e treatingwas te.Thel abor atoryconfir mst he
types,in accor dance wi tht he chemi cal receipt ofwas te at the pl ant ,conduct s
compos i
tionofthewas te. checksf ori dentificati
on oft he was te and
Page 52
establishest he manneroft reatmentt hat adescript
ionoft hes tat
usoft hes oilasitis
willbepr ovidedf ori
t. handed overt ot he ILA f
ormar ket i
ng.I n
Inaddi ti
on, t
hel aborat
orypr ovidesservices addit
ion,t he accompanyi ng s urvey wi l
l
fort hir
d par tiesand placesemphas i
son i
nclude det ail
ed r equir
ed s ti
pul ati
ons,
quality and per sonal s ervice f or i t
s i
ncluding home pr otecti
on r equirement ,
cus t
omer s
. Our cus tomer s have a gas s uction s ystems, gr oundwat er
professionalt eam avail
ablet hathasgr eat tr
eatments ys t
emsands oforth.
exper i
ence and knowl edge, and a
high- l
eveloper ati
onalabili
tyf orperformi ng Fi
eld Visi
t:Ramat Negev Resear
ch
forper f
ormi ngvar i
ouschemi calanalyses. amdDevel opmentStat
ion
byMr.Yoram Zvi
eli
The laborator
y ut
il
izesuni
que equipment
and instr
ument at
ion t
hataresomeoft he RamatNegev R & D oper ateswi thint he
mos tadvanced intheworld,and pr
ovides fr
amewor k ofthe RamatNegev Regi onal
forawi derangeofchemicalanal
yses. Counci l
.Itisf unded by JNF,Mi nistr
y of
Agricult
ure,t he Office ofDevel opmentof
Israelr emedi ationpr oject : theNegevandGal i
lee,andt heSet tl
ement
Ther emedi ationpr ojectai mst or educes oil Divi
s i
onoft heZionis tFederati
on.
pol l
ut ion t oal evelenabl ing i ts us ei n The Experiment alCent erwases t
ablished
accor dance wi th i tsi ntended l and us e about50year sagoaspar tofthepr ojectof
wi thoutr i
sk,wi th economi cef fici encyand sett
ing up r egional R & D' s.Its mai n
whi lemi nimizi nganyaddi ti
onal damaget o purpos e was t o encour age t he
theenvi ronmenti nt hepr oces s. development of agr i
culture i n t he
Remedi ationwor kswi llbeaccompani edby peri
pher y areas,taking advant age oft he
anal yt i
cal t es tsi n or der t o ens uret he naturalres
our ces.
effect ivenes s of t reatment . ESC wi ll
under t ake t es tsi n a qual ified l ab, i n
accor dance wi th r egulat i
ons t o be
appr ovedbyt heMi ni str
yofEnvi ronment al
Prot ect ion.
Fol l
owi ng t he compl eti
on ofr emedi ation
wor kson each s i
t e,t here wi llbe ar evi ew
per iod oft woyear s.Dur ing t hist i
me,ESC
wi l
lper f
or m as er iesoft es t
s ,s ampl esand
anal ys es accor di ng t o a det ai l
ed l i
stand
par amet erstobeappr ovedbyt heMi ni stry.
Execut i
on oft he t es tswi llbe coor dinat ed
wi tht he devel oper soft he di fferents i
tes .
Upon r emedi ation compl etion, s oil at RamatNegevi sa des er tr egion witht wo
remedi at i
on s ites mus t meet t hres hol d diff
erenttypesofsoi l
:s andandl i
ghtl oes s
.
valuest obedet er mi nedbyr elevantf act or s, Theaver ageyearl
yr ainfal lis80mm.Ther e
in accor dance wi th t he appr oved i
s a big contrastbet ween day- ti
me and
remedi at i
on pl an f or each s i
te.ESC wi ll night-t
ime temper atur es .Br acki
sh wat er
per form as urveyens uringt hatt hes oilisat canbef oundi nunder groundaqui f
ersata
an appr opr i
at e l evel f or mar ket i
ng, i n dept h of 800 to 1 200 met ers, and i s
accor dancewi thl anddes i
gnat ionandt he pumpedoutofwel l
sdr illedbyt heMekor ot
appr oved r emedi at i
on pl an f oreach s i
t e. Company.
ESC wi llpr ovide document ation det ail
ing Taking advantage ofal lt hese conditions,
allact ionsunder t akeni nt hes oil,aswel las RamatNegevR&D f ocus esondevel oping
Page 53
advanced agri
cultur
ei n ar
id condit
ions
, mill
ion cubicmetersofhi
gh-
quali
tywater
i
rri
gati
ngwi thbracki
shwater. foruse by the l
ocalcommunit
iesand in
The Ramat Negev r egi
on isthe lar
gest agri
culture.
municipal
it
yinIsrael
.

The agr i
cultural know how has been
developed overt he pas
t50 years atthe
Des er
tAgricult
uralCentr
e,wit
hagricul
tural
research and pi l
ots conducted at the
experimentalstati
on.

Itcovers4.2mill
ion dunams( 1.
050 mill
ion
acres)andaccountsforabout22% ofI
srael’s
totalland ar
ea.Veget abl
es arethe mai n
crops grown inthe region and the t
ot al
annualout put i
s about $177m (NIS 629
mi l
li
on).

Over t he year s r esearchers and

technologistsatthecent erhaveconduct ed
hundr edsofappl ied r
es earch project
sina
About 70% oftotalproduction goes for vastrange offiel ds:effici entwat erus age
export
s,pri
maril
yt o Europe and t
he US. and i rr
igation; solving of common
Thereisal
soabr acki
sh waterdesal
inat
ion problemss uch assoildi seasesand pes ts
;
plant i
nthe region which produces 3.5 development of new pr oduct s and the
Page 54
accl
imat i
zati
on of exi sting pr oduct s
; Alltheproductsandtechniquesdeveloped
developmentofagr i
culturaltechni
quesf or have been us ed by the farmers ofthe
i
mpr oving t he pr ofitabil
ity of cr ops; regiontoimprovetheircr
ops ,
fori
ncreasi
ng
conduct i
ngandover seei
ngofi nter
national yiel
dsandmaxi mizingtheeconomi cret
urn
proj
ectsi nt he fiel
d ofhi ghly advanced ont hei
rinves
tment .
agri
culture,
andmor e.

Page 55
Keyt
akeaways
I
mpor
tantl
ear
ningsf
rom t
het
our

1. Holisti
c and cent r
alized wat er 2. Nat ional W at er Syst em to
management : Connect i
ngal lwat ersystems:
Isr
aeli slocatedi nas emi -aridclimat iczone The i nt egr ated us e of s urf
ace and
and i t
snat uralwat ers our cesar es everely gr oundwat eri niti
all
ys tart
ed wi tht hefir st
l
imi ted.Never theles s,int he fir stdecades Nat i
onalWat erCar ri
er ,
agiantpi pelinethat
fol
lowi ng itses t
abl i
s hmenti n1 948,I srael Mekor otdevel opedandhasoper atedsince
succeeded i n es tabl i
shing a r eliable and 1964 t ot r
ans por twat erf rom t he Sea of
technol ogically advanced wat er s uppl y Gal il
ee tot he mai n popul ation centersi n
system us ing appr opr i
ate met hods l i
ke the cent erand t he Negev Des ertint he
i
ncl usive legislatures ,s tr
ict enf orcement , sout h. Connect ing al mos t the ent ire
and new age t echnol ogies.The count ry, count r
y( wit hexcept ionofEi lat)
,thiswat er
being a wat er defici ent one,r eli
ed on trans mi s
s i
on i nfrastructure has enabl ed
des ali
nat i
on and technol ogical Israeltor egul at etheus eofnat uralwat er
i
nt ervent i
onst ocat ert ot hegr owi ngwat er res ources dependi ng on hydr ological
needs . condi tions ,conveyi ng s urpluses ofwat er
from one r es ource t o s tore i n other
The bi gges tr evelati
on i s t he hol i
sti
c, res ources ,in or der t o meet demand i n
cent ral
ized wat ermanagement ,des igned var i
ousr egi ons .
overdecades ,whi ch lar
gel ys epar ated its
wat ercons umpt ion from Mot herNat ure, 3. Use and managementofAqui fers
using itsgr oundwat erand l akewat er.Key asReser voirsandmoni t
or i
ng:
toIs r
ael’swat ersecur i
tyareef for t
ss uchas The nat i
onalwat er s ystem oper at ed by
dril
ling deep wel ls,mas sive des alination, Mekor ots incet he60sr el
iedont hes t orage
reus i
ngt r
eateds ewagef orf armi ng, finding capaci ty of t he Sea of Gal i
lee and t he
andfixi ngl eaksear l
y,engineer ingcr opsto Coas taland Wes tern Mount ain aqui f
er s
.
thrivein oner ouscondi t
ions ,di scour aging Isr
aelhasadded maj ori nf r
astruct ur eover
gardeni ng, maki ng ef fici ent t oi
lets the l as tf ew decades t o connect and
mandat ory, and pr i
cing wat er t o rati
onal izet heoper ationofaqui fers .Oneof
discouragewas te. the mos tremar kablei nnovat ionsofI srael
wat ermanagementi st hataqui fer shave
Becaus e ofthe dif
ferencesi nrai
nfal
land been gr adually s witched f rom bei ng
wat er needs in norther n and souther
n overexpl oit
edr es ourcest obecomi ngmaj or
I
s r
ael ,a met hod of r echargi
ng ground storage r eservoirs.The aqui f
er ss er ve as
wat erandtransporti
ngi tfrom t
henor tht
o buffers ,whi leals omi nimi zi
ng evapor ati
on
the s outh was needed and was l
os sest hatwoul d have occur red had t his
i
mpl ementedef fici
ently. wat er been s tored i n open r es er voirs
.
Aqui f
er sand expl oit
ed mor einr ainydays ,
Page 56
cutt
ing down on expens ive des al
inati
on providesdai l
ymanagementofs uspected
demands dur i
ng the rainy s eason. The l
eaks ;
hydrauli
cadvant agesar e higherr eli
abili
ty c. I
mpl ement ation of Tr enchl ess
and lowerlossesto evapor at i
on,al though Automat edLeakageRepai r(TALR)s ol
ution,
managementofaqui f
er s as r eservoir
si s which i sa new low- costtrenchlessr epair
compl ex and requir es superior categor yforbul kr educt i
on ofl eakage in
groundwat er monitori
ng,r elying on an dri
nki ngwat erpipes ,andaddr essingleaks
expans i
venetworkofpi ezomet ers
. and t hus l ower i
ng over ti
me Human
Resour cesandi nvent orycos ts.
4. Under ground Pi pe management
andensur i
ngmi nimum wat erleakages: 6. Decr easing Non- Revenue W at er
Camer asf ormal funct ion i dent i
ficat ion in (NRW ) or wat er l oss i n t he net wor k
wat er pi pes ofDJB i s one oft he mos t system:
efficient and cos t
-ef fective means of Division of t he s ystem t o i solat ed
troubl eshoot ing and i s es sential f or sub- zones ,al
lowi ngus eofs uitableval ueof
efficient wat er management , s i
nce pres sure f or t he s peci fic zone. The
l
eakagesar eamai nr eas on f orinef f
ect i
ve intr
oduct i
on of pr essure management
wat er admi nistr
ation.Af ter t he cl eaning, areas ( PMAs )and DMA management ,as
the phot ogr aphy is of ten car ri
ed out i n seendur ingt het ouratJer us alem, r
equi res
Israelby a r obott hreaded i nt ot he dr ain. defini ng t he area oft he net wor k,clos i
ng
The transmi t
ted phot os pr ovide theboundar iesandmeas ur ingt hei nflows
i
nf ormat i
on s uch as t he t ype ofl ine,i ts andout flows-whet herf orDMAanal ys i
sor
diamet er,and mechani cali nformat i
on,as tocont rolinletpr es s
ur es.
wel lasaddi t
ionaldat ar egar dingt heover all a. For mi ng and mai ntai ni
ng DMA' s
,
condi tion.The dat at rans mi tted from t he installi
ngflow met ersandpr es s
ur emet ers
camer aenabl esmal funct iondet ectionand (sens ors)t hroughout t he wat er s ystem;
treatment even bef oret hei r occur rence, 24/7moni toring ofwat erflow event sand
thus cont ri
but i
ng t o an ef f
ective and wat erpr es sureis sueswi t
hinDMAs
pro- activewor kplant hats avesr esour ces. b. A pr oact ive dynami c pr es s
ur e
management i n s ervice ar ea,i ncluding
5. Impl ement ing a smar t cons truct ion of di fferent pr essure zones
under gr oundpi penet wor kmanagement and i mpl ement ation of mechani cal
,
sol ution: hydr aulic and/ or digi tal pr es s
ur e
a. Us i
ng s mar ts ystems t hat empl oy modul at ors.
stat i
stical bas ed t echnol ogy i dent i
fying
net wor kanomal iesandi ndicatingl ocat i
on, 7. ReuseofTr eated W ast ewat eron a
size,pr iori
ty and t ime.Thi si s done by nationalscale:
compar ing r eal-ti
me r eadings t o t he Reus eofTr eat
ed Was tewat erf ori r
rigation
expect ed net wor k behavi our,cons idering i
s an i mpor t
ant s t
ep, as r eclaimed
his t
or i
calpat terns as wel las cor r
elations was tewaterhasbecomeamaj ors our ceof
bet ween di ff
erent par t
s oft he net wor k, waterf orfarmers,supplyingmor et han40
indi cating devel opment ofhi dden l eaks , percentoft hecount r
y’sneedsf ori r
rigation
ot hernet wor ki ssuesand enabl ing tos et and mor ethan 87 percentofwas tewat er
ther i
ghtpr iori
tiesfort her epairt eams ; being reused.Cons equent l
y,Israeli st oday
b. Impl ement ation ofadvanced fixed oneoft hefew count r
iesint hewor ldthat
acous tic l eak det ecti
on s ystem t hat hasmanaged t o almos tent i
rel ycl oset he
moni tor s wat er net wor k each ni ght urbanwat ercycl
e.Inaddi ti
ont opr oviding
ident ifyingt heexi stenceandexactl ocation an impor tantalter
nat i
ve wat ers our ce f
or
ofhi dden l eaks.The cl oud- bas ed s ystem agricultur
e,reuseisenvironment all
ybet ter
Page 57
than t
hetr
adi
ti
onalmethodsofdis
pos
ing Dur i
ngt hefirststeps,s
oli
dwas teisfiltered
oftr
eateds
ewageint
otheenvi
ronment
. fr
om t he wastewater and separat
ed f or
compos t
ing,whi l
et he li
quid part flows
8. Lowestdesal inat i
oncost s: throught hreeindivi
dualarti
fici
alwet l
ands
TheHader af acil
ityisas tandouti nt ermsof and event ual
ly comes out as cl ean
i
ts des ali
nization cos ts.The oper ation is i
rri
gat i
onwat er.
produci nghi gh- quali
typot ablewat erfrom
Medi terranean s eawat erforappr oxi mately Art ificialwet landsar eengi neer ed sys tems
RupeesFor t
y-twopercubi cmet er ,among thatus e nat uralf unctions from t he s oi
l,
the lowes t des ali
nat i
on cos ts wor ldwide. veget ation,and ot heror ganismsand ar e
Care i st aken t o maxi mize pr oduct ion typi cally us ed t o t reat was t
ewat er,
duringof f-peakhour si nordertoavoi dt he greywat er or s tormwat er r unof f
.At t he
highes t el ectricit
y f ees, and t he pl ant out s et,t he raw was tewat er appear ed
empl oys an ener gy-recoverys ys tem wi th browni sh and cl oudy,but af ter it went
i
ts high- pres s
ur e pumps :key f act orsi n thr ought hewet lands ,itiscrys talclearand
controlling oper ati
onalexpendi tur e cos t
s odour les s.The pl antr oot saci difyt he s oil
andkeepi ngt reatmentcos tsaffordabl e. wit ht hei reli
minat edcar bondi oxide, whi ch
leadst os odium r emoval ,whi let he pl ant
ProvenI nnovati
ont hroughPr essur eCent r
e itselft akesup s odi um f rom t hes oilf ori t
s
Des i
gn, ver t
ical membr anes ,I ncreased ownvi talproces ses .
Efficiency,Economy and Rel i
abilit
y:Hi gh
Efficiency Mul t
iEf fect Di
sti
llati
on,Di r
ect
Os mos i
s Cleani ng, Reduced CAPEX & 10. Super iorirrigat iont echnol ogies:
OPEX:Chemi calFr ee Desali
nat i
on,Hi gh Devel opment of ef ficient l ow-volume
Recover y RO, Mi nimal Envi ronment al i
r r
igation t echnol ogi es s uch as dr i
p
I
mp
m act : Boron Removal Sys tem, Was t
e i
r r
igation and mi ni s prinkler s is an
Wat er Reus e ar e the other innovat ion unmat chedI sraeliinnovat ion. Technologies
f
act ors. i
ncl ude moi sture s ens itive aut omat ed
drips,aut omat ic val esand s pr i
nklers,l
ow
9. Biomi micr ymet hodf orsol vingt he dischar ge s prayer s
, mi ni-spr i
nklers an
wast ewat er pr oblem by usi ng nat ur e’
s compens ated dripper st hatar e comput er
wisdom: cont r
olled.Thes ei rrigat i
on t echnologies
Biomi micryi san appr oach toi nnovat ion enabl ed the pr opervol ume ofwat erwi th
seeking s ustainabl es olutions to human the rightconcent ration off ertil
izer
st o be
chall
enges by emul ating natur e’s suppl i
edt othecr ops ’root scal ledefficient
ti
me- tested pat ternsand s t
rategies .Int he ferti
gat i
on and wer e combi ned wi th
process,thedr aining pr operti
esoft hes oil cont r
ol s ystems t o ens ure opt imal
andt heabs orptivecapaci t
iesoft hepl ant s appl i
cat i
onandt i
mi ng.
are used t o pur if
yt he browni shr esidual
water pr oduced by l ivestock i ndus tries, 11
. Need of a St ream Rehabi l
itation
l
eaving itcr ystalcl earand r eadyt or eus e. Authority:
Theamountofwas tepr oducedbyl i
ves tock A Stream Rehabi l
it
ation Aut horit
y – an
and poul tryinf armsi sa concer nt ot he i
nteragency body – act i
ng i n advi sory
envir
onment . Del hi t oo s uf f
er s f rom capacit
y,wi ths tat
utor y power s may be
i
mpr oper envi ronment al t reatment of made r es pons
ible for coor dinati
ng t he
wastes f rom gaus halas. I srael has poli
cy and decis
ion-maki ng with
wastewat er t reat ment f acil
it
ies t hat operati
onal power sf or r ehabil
it
ation of
consists of a s er i
es of phys ical and ri
vers.
biol
ogicals tages . W at
ershed bas i
n appr oach t o s tream
Page 58
rehabil
itati
on isneces sary,and iti
swi dely of aquati
c ecosyst
ems .Isr
ael has gr
eat
recognizedi nIsr
aelt hats uchanappr oach progress i
n t hi
s regard and foll
owing
i
sneces saryforef f
ective implement ation. parameters ar
e essenti
alcomponent s of
Stream r ehabil
it
at i
on i s a pr olonged ri
verrehabi
li
tati
on:
processt hatrequirescons ider
ablestami na
ont hepar tofsocietyanddeci sion-
maker s. i
. Biologi
calmoni tor
ing oft he ret
ur n
ofli
fetot heriverandther eturnofs pecies
The compl ex web ofi nteract
ions wit
hin toit
.
biol
ogicalsystems is extremelys ens
iti
ve i
i. Establi
shmentofabr eedingnucleus
fr
equent l
ypoor l
yunderstoodandmayt ake of r are pl ant s peci
es whi ch ar e
decadestor eachahealthyequi l
ibr
ium. characteri
sti
coft her
iverenvironment .

Cosmet ic pr ojects,such as bike t r

ails
, 14. Ent repreneurship i
n water
concretized banksand par kbenches ,may technol ogies:
sati
sfymuchoft hepublicdemand, andar e To cont i
nuous l
yi mpr ove t he qual i
ty of
much eas ierand cheapert oi mplement , wat er,GNCTD can act ively promot et he
butwhati smor erequir
ed i
smeani ngf ul
, devel opmentofnew wat ert echnologies,
sci
ent i
fic and s ustai
nablerestorati
on of and can pr ovide ent repreneur s in al l
ri
verswi th clearbas i
nrehabil
it
ati
on plans wat er-r
elated sectors pl at
forms f or beta
onwat er shedbas is
. and commer ci
al testing, and s uppor t
s
thes e vent ur
es wi th a wi de range of
12. Rehabi l
itat ion of" highl y pol luted" technol ogical
,analyti
cal ,and cons ultancy
river s: services.Thiscanens ureut il
izationoflat
est
The r ecipe and t imet able f or t he technol ogiesinmoni toringofYamunaand
rehabi li
tat i
onoft he" hi ghlypol luted"r ivers wat erbodi esi
nDel hi.
suchasYamunamaybeasf oll
ows :
i
. al egalpr ocedur eofwat eral l
ocat ion Iti
snot ewor thyt hatI sraelhasmades peci al
tot her i
vers houl d becompl eted,and t he eff
ortst opr omot ei nnovat i
onsi nt hewat er
dis char ge oft he al locat ed wat er s houl d sector,witht hees tabl i
shmentofauni que
pr oceed, cal l
ed i n our par lance an i
ndus try–utili
ty–uni versity ecos ystem t o
envi ronment alflow r equi redint her iver ; suppor tt he devel opment of i nnovat ive
i
i. poi nt pol lut i
on s our ces al ong t he water t echnol ogies .Is r
aelient repr eneur s
ri
vercour ses houl dber emoved,andatt he have f ostered many t echnical wat er
same t ime nonpoi nt pol l
ut i
on s our ces i
nnovat ions .Witht headventofi nformat i
on
shoul dbei dent ifiedandcont rolled; and communi cationst echnol ogies,many
i
ii. meas ures f ors econdar yt reat ment high-technol ogyconcept shavepenet rated
ofs ewages our cess houl dbet aken; and thewat ers ector,such asal gor i
thm- bas ed
v. t
i er ti
ar ytreat ments houldbeappl ied, l
eakdet ection and cl oud- based fixed l eak
and f acili
ties f or pool ing was tewat er t o detection.Wat erut il
iti
espr ovide t rialand
cont rolt he flow oft he r iver s houl d be i
mpl ement ation s i
t es,maki ng itpos s ible
cons truct edandoper ated. 1
3. Bi ol ogi cal for wat er ent r
epr eneur st o wor k wi th
moni toringofr iver s: util
it
ies on i ssues whi ch ar e chal lengi ng
Bi ologi cal moni tor i
ngofr unni ngwat ersi sa andcr iti
cal.
scient i
fical l
y and economi cally val i
d
appr oach f or s ur veys and moni tor ing 15. Use of W at er Eval uat
ion and
pr ogr ams t o as s esst he wat er qual ity. Planni
ngSystem (W EAP)
Des igni ng s ucces sfulbi omoni toring and WEAP i sa soft
war et oolfor i
ntegrated
bioas ses smentpr ogr amsar eani mpor tant waterres
ourcesplanni
ng thatattempt sto
bas isfort her ehabi litation and r es tor ation assi
str
atherthan subs
titut
ef ort
hes kil
led
Page 59
planner . The St ockhol m Envi r
onment settleswi ths t
abili
tyonl yincer tai
nar easof
Ins ti
t ut epr ovided pr imar ys uppor tf ort he al andfil l
,and par kf acil
iti
escan be s afely
devel opment of WEAP. I t pr ovides a cons tructed over undi s t
ur bed ar eas,
compr ehens i
ve,flexi bl
e and us er-friendl y l
eavi ng t he s et
tli
ng s ections t os uppor t
framewor kforpl anni ngandpol icyanal ysis
. gras s and s hrubber y.Ther efore,t hrough
WEAP has been appl i
ed i n wat er det ail
ed r esearch and car eful planni ng,
as ses sment s i n dozens of count ri
es, str
uct ural f oundat ions wer e pr otect ed.
i
ncl udi ng I srael.WEAP oper ates on t he Struct ur
al r ehabi lit
ation, addr essing
bas icpr i
ncipleofawat erbal anceand can under groundfir es,set ti
ngupdr ai
nageand
be appl ied to muni cipaland agr icul tural eros i
on protection systems , and
sys tems ,a s ingle wat er shed or compl ex compact ing t he s l
opes ar e ot her
trans boundar y r iver bas in s ys tems . component soft her emedi ati
onpl an.
Mor eover ,WEAP can s imul ate a br oad
range of nat ur al and engi neer ed The plansar e als
o des igned t oi ntegrate
component s oft hes es ystems ,incl udi ng with the adj acent resi
dent ial
rainf allr unof f,bas eflow,and gr oundwat er neighbor hood,f eatur ing localveget ati
on,
rechar ge f rom pr ecipi t
ation; s ect oral walkingpat hsandbi kel anes,andflat tened
demand anal ys es; wat er cons ervat ion; areas forpi cnics and pl aygrounds .W hat
wat er r i
ght s and al locat ion pr i
or iti
es, makest her ehabi l
itat i
onoft heEas tTaibeh
res ervoi r oper ations ; hydr opower si
tes ouni quei sitspr oximitytot heur ban
gener ation;pol lution t racki ng and wat er area–jus taf ew met ersaway. Therefore,the
qual i
t y; vul ner abi l
ity as ses sment s; and potential benefit f or Tai beh’ sr esident s
ecos ys tem r equi rement s . A financi al i
ncludenotonl ygr een ar eawi t
h clean air,
anal ys is modul e al so al lows t he us er t o but al so cl eaner wat er s uppl y and
i
nves tigat e cos t-benefit compar isons f or prevent i
on ofl eakageofdanger ousgas es
pr oject s.The r esul tisan ef f
ect i
ve t oolf or fr
om t hel andfil l
.
exami ni ng alternat i
ve wat erdevel opment
andmanagementopt i
ons ,whi chcoul dbe 17. Swi sschal lengemet hod:
expl or edi nDel hi. Swiss challenge met hod i s an innovat ive
proces s ofgi ving cont racts.Any per s
on
16. Landfil lr emedi ation: withcr edent i
alscans ubmi tadevel opment
Landfil lr emedi ation,s peci ficall
yindens ely propos altot hegover nment .Thatpr opos al
popul at ed count ries s uch as I srael, willbemadeonl i
neand as econd per s
on
demons trat
eshow ahol isticappr oachcan can gives ugges ti
onst oimpr oveand beat
turn al iabil
ityint oan as set,whi ch can be thatpr oposal.An exper tcommi ttee wi l
l
replicat ed in Del hi.I tis one oft he r are acceptt he bestpr opos aland t he or i
ginal
occas ions wher e envi ronment al et hics propos erwillgetachancet oaccepti tifi
ti s
i
nt erli
nkwi thdevel opmentneedst ocr eate ani mpr ovementonhi spr opos al
.
anal l-aroundwi nni ngs olut i
on. Incas et heor i
ginalpr opos erisnotabl et o
The Ar iel Shar on Envi ronment al Par k, mat cht hemor eat tr
activeand compet i
ng
whi ch i s a cas es tudy f or tr
ans f
or mi ng count er pr opos al,the pr oject wi l
l be
l
andfil lsi nt
o publ i
cr esour ces involved a awar dedt ot hecount er-propos al.
team ofpl anner s,ar ti
sts,phot ogr apher s,
engi neer s,and ar chitectst o devel op a TheSwisschal
lengemet hodisonethathas
techni que t o pr otect f uture flower s and been used in India by various states
fruit
sf rom cont ami nant sbycover ing t he i
ncludi
ng Kar nataka, Andhra Pr ades h,
l
ands cape wi t
ha“ bi
opl asti
c” layer t hat Raj
asthan,MadhyaPr adesh,Bihar
,Punj ab
blocks met hane,t opped wi th layer s of andGujaratf
orroadsandhous ingprojects.
gravelandamet erofcl eans oil
.SolidWas t
e TheSupremeCour tofIndiaapproved the
Page 60
met
hodf
orawar
dofcont
ract
s.

18. Cent r e of Excel lence i n wat er

managementandt echnol ogy:
ACent erofExcel lence( CoE)i nDel hiwhi ch
can cent ralizei nformat i
on and t echnology
and pr ovide l eader s hi
p, bes t pr acti
ces,
resear ch,s uppor t ,training oft r
ainersand
skil
lt rai ning i n wat ermanagementand
technol ogy can benefit hugel y i n
coll
abor ation wi t
hI srael.Ther ear eal r
eady
existi
ng s ucces sful model s of
i
mpl ement ation-I NDO- ISRAEL Cent ersof
Excel l
ence (CoE) s ervi
ng as
advanced/ intens ive agr i
cul ture cent r
esf or
knowl edge trans fer of Israel
i
Agr o-Technol ogy t ailored t o t he l ocal
condi tionsofI ndia.

*********

Page 61
Ref
erences
1
. AlonTal2022Theevol ut
ionofI sr
aeliwat
ermanagement:t
heelusi
veSearch
f
or envir
onment alsecuri
ty,Wat er Securi
tyinthe Middl
e Eas
t,Anthem Press
(
htt
ps :
//
www.jst
or.or
g/st
able/
j.
ctt1
jkt
qmk. 11
)

2. Fi
eldvi
sitnot
es

3. ht
tps
://
mfa.
gov.
i
l/

4. ht
tps
://
www.
i
srael
21c.
org/

5. ht
tps
://
www.
mekor
ot-
int
.com/

6. I
saac,J.(
2000).Thees sential
sofs us
tai
nablewaterr
esour
cemanagementin
I
s r
ael and Palesti
ne. Arab St
udies Quar
ter
ly, 22(
2),
13–31
.ht
tp:/
/www. j
stor
.or
g/ s
table/
41858330

7. Lect
urepr
esent
ati
ons

8. Mal
ka,Ron.(
November24,201
9).‘
BasedonIs
rael
’
ssucces
sst
ory,wewantt
o
hel
pIndi
ainit
squestf
orwater
’.TheHindus
tanTi
mes

9. Marin,Phil
ippe,Shi
mon Tal,Joshua Yer
es,and KlasRings
kog.2017.Wat er
Managementi nI srael
:Key I
nnovati
ons and Lessons Lear
ned forWater-Scar
ce
Count
ries
.Wor l
dBank, Washingt
on,DC.

1
0. Repor t of t
he Nati
onal Commi
ssi
on on I
ntegr
ated Wat
er Res
our
ces
Devel
opment(
NCIWRD),1
999.

11
. Waterf
orLif
e,KKLPolicyf
orEst
abli
shingaWaterNetworktoSer
vet
heI
srael
i
Publ
icandWat erI
ndust
ry(JewishNati
onalFund,
Jer
usalem,2004).

Page 62