PE 3203

ElEctrical
InstallatIons

Chanakya Pannila | chanakyap@sltc.edu.lk

Sri Lanka Technological Campus

Satellite Earth Station, Padukka.
Wiring Systems - Introduction
A network of wires connecting various accessories for distribution of electrical energy
from the supplier meter board to the numerous electrical energy consuming devices such
as lamps, fans and other domestic appliances through controlling and safety devices is
known as a wiring system.
Wiring Systems - Introduction
Wiring Systems - Introduction
Key Words:
Service Fuse/ Service Cutouts
Installation terminals
Commencement of Supply / Consumer terminals
Circuit
Wiring Systems - Introduction

As per the General recommendation of Sri Lankan Standards the maximum number of
points of lights, fans and 5A socket-outlets that can be connected in one circuit is 10
(8 standard) and the maximum load that can be connected in such circuit is 1000 W.

Systems of Distribution of Electrical Energy

1. Distribution Board System (Fuse Board)

2. Tree System
1.Distribution Board System (Fuse Board)

The fuses of Various circuits are grouped

together on a distribution board.

Connections are necessary for connecting

two or more circuits.

The copper strips known as bus bars are

connected to the supply mains through a
linked switch. ( Reason ?)
1.Distribution Board System (Fuse Board)

The number of circuits and sub circuits will be decided as per the number of points to
be wired and load to be connected. For determination of load of installation following
values can be assumed.

1. LED Lamps - 20 -30 W

2. Fluorescent Lamps - 50 W
3. Incandascent Lamps, Fans, Socket outlets - 60-70 W
4. Power socket outlets - 1000 W
5. Exhaust Fans - As per Capacity
1.Tree System

In this, Smaller Branches are taken from the

main branch and the wiring system
resembles a tree.

As each branch is taken off, a fuse is

inserted.

Used in the early systems. (Why ?)

1.Tree System - Drawbacks

i. The Voltage across all the lams does not

remain the same. The lamps in the last
branch will have least voltage across
them …..

ii. Number of joints are involved in every

circuit.

iii. Fusses are scattered.

iv. Fault hunting is difficult.

Methods of Wiring
Wiring can be done using two methods which are,

1. Joint box system or Tee system

2. Loop – in system
1. Joint Box or Tee or Jointing System
In this method of wiring, connections to appliances are made through joints. These joints
are made in joint boxes by means of suitable connectors or joints cutouts. This method
of wiring doesn’t consume too much cables size.

Because this method of wiring doesn’t require too much cable it is therefore cheaper ?

It is of course.

But the money you saved from buying cables will be used in buying joint boxes, thus
equation is balanced. This method is suitable for temporary installations and it is cheap.
1. Joint Box or Tee or Jointing System
In this method of wiring, connections to appliances are made through joints. These joints
are made in joint boxes by means of suitable connectors or joints cutouts. This method
of wiring doesn’t consume too much cables size.

Because this method of wiring doesn’t require too much cable it is therefore cheaper ?

It is of course.

But the money you saved from buying cables will be used in buying joint boxes, thus
equation is balanced. This method is suitable for temporary installations and it is cheap.
1. Joint Box or Tee or Jointing System
2. Loop-in or Looping System
This method of wiring is universally used in wiring.

Lamps and other appliances are connected in parallel so that each of the appliances can
be controlled individually. When a connection is required at a light or switch, the feed
conductor is looped in by bringing it directly to the terminal and then carrying it forward
again to the next point to be fed.

The switch and light feeds are carried round the circuit in a series of loops from one
point to another until the last on the circuit is reached.

The phase or line conductors are looped either in switchboard or box and neutrals are
looped either in switchboard or from light or fan.

Line or phase should never be looped from light or fan.

2. Loop-in or Looping System
Advantages of Loop-In Method of Wiring

 It doesn’t require joint boxes and so money is saved.

 In loop – in systems, no joint is concealed beneath floors or in roof spaces.
 Fault location is made easy as the points are made only at outlets so that
they are accessible.

Disadvantages of Loop-In Method of Wiring

 Length of wire or cables required is more and voltage drop and copper
losses are therefore more.
 Looping – in switches and lamp holders is usually difficult.