STATISTICS CHAPTER 4: PRESENTATION OF DATA

I) CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWERS (1 mark)

1) Data are presented in sentences is called

a) Tabular Presentation
b) Diagrammatic Presentation
c) Textual Presentation
d) None of the above

2) A histogram is a
a) One dimensional diagram
b) Two-dimensional diagram
c) Three-dimensional diagram
d) Four-dimensional diagram

3) Frequency polygon is used in the presentation of

a) Ungrouped Data
b) Grouped Data
c) Both types of data
d) None of these

4) Data are expressed in rows and columns is called

a) Pie Chart
b) Bar Diagram
c) Linear Diagram
d) Table

5) Ogives can be helpful in locating graphically the

a) Mode
b) Mean
c) Median
d) None of the above

II) FILL IN THE BLANKS (1 mark)

1) Arithmetic line graph is also called ______time series graph___________

2) Component Bar diagrams are also called ____Sub bar diagrams___________

3) _______Body__________ of the table contains actual data.

III) ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN A WORD/SENTENSE
(1 mark)
1) What is pie-chart?

Ans: Pie diagram is a circle, which is divided into several sections or segments by
drawing angles at the centre, each section indicating its own value. The pie diagram is
very much attractive to show the income and expenditure of the govt, family budget
etc. Pie diagram are very popular in practice to show percentage breaks done by
dividing a circle into various parts

2) What do you mean by frequency polygon?

Ans: It is a plane bounded by straight lines usually four or more lines. It is a
presentation of the frequencies in the form of rectangles and joining the mid-point of
rectangles is known as frequency polygon.

3) What is Bar Diagram?

Ans: Bar diagram refers to the diagrammatic representation which comprise a number
of equidistant rectangles termed as bars, each of them being meant for some specific
category of the available data.

4) What is table?
Ans: A table is a systematic arrangement of statistical data in columns and rows.
Rows are horizontal arrangements and columns are vertical arrangements. Thus, table
is one of the most important devices of presenting the data in a condensed and readily
comprehensive form. 

IV) ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN ABOUT FOUR SENTENSES

(2 marks)
1) Name any four parts of tabulation
Ans: When data is represented in rows and columns, it is called as tabulation. To
construct a table, it is important to know the different components of a good
statistical table, when all the components are put together systematically, they
form a table. Tabulation can be done using one way or three-way classification
depending upon the number of characteristics involved. A good table should have
the following parts.

a) Table Number: An appropriate number should be assigned to a table for the

identification and easy reference in future. It should be written on the top of
the table.
b) Title: Every table must be given a suitable title which usually appears on the
top of the table. Title explains the nature if data. It should be short and simple
c) Captions or Column Headings: Captions are vertical column headings. Such
headings must be in brief and comprise units of measurement. If there is
sub-division of any column there must be sub-caption headings also.
 d) Stubs: The title of the horizontal rows are called stubs. The box over the stub
on the left of the table gives description of the stub contents and each stub
tables the data found in the row of the table.

2) What are the types of bar diagrams?

Ans: Bar diagram refers to the diagrammatic representation which comprise a number
of equidistant rectangles termed as bars, each of them being meant for some specific
category of the available data.

Types of Bar Diagrams

a) Simple bar diagram
b) Multiple bar diagram 
c) Subdivided or component bar diagram
d) Percentage bar diagram

3) What are component bar diagram? Give an example

Ans: A bar diagram under which the bar is subdivided to show the values or
quantities of different items as well as the total value is known as the subdivided or
component bar diagram. They are useful for the comparison of values. Component bar
diagrams are usually shaded or coloured suitably.
Example:
Year Production of Production of Total (in Tonnes)
Wheat Paddy
2014 400 300 700
2015 350 370 720
2016 370 370 740
2017 500 350 850
 4) How can you obtain a frequency curve?
Ans: The frequency curve is obtained by drawing a smooth freehand curve passing
through the points of the frequency polygon as close as possible. It may not
necessarily pass through all the points of the frequency polygon but it passes through
them as close as possible.

5) What kind of diagrams are more effective in presenting the following:

a) Monthly rainfall in a year
b) Composition of population of Delhi by religion
Ans: a) Monthly rainfall in a year: For the monthly rainfall in a year, simple bar graph
can be used to represent in a diagram
b) Composition of population of Delhi by religion: For the composition of
population of Delhi by religion, component bar diagram or pie chart can be used to
represent the data.

V) ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN ABOUT TWELVE

SENTENSES
(4 Marks)
1) Draw a table and identify its components
Ans:
2) Draw a bar diagram with the help of the following data
Production of cars of a company in different years

Year Number of cars

2011 150
2012 250
2013 180
2014 90
2015 300
2016 350

Ans:
VI) ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN ABOUT TWELVE
SENTENSES
(6 Marks)

1) Explain the components of a table.

Ans: When data is represented in rows and columns, it is called as tabulation. To
construct a table, it is important to know the different components of a good
statistical table, when all the components are put together systematically, they
form a table. Tabulation can be done using one way or three-way classification
depending upon the number of characteristics involved. A good table should have
the following parts.
e) Table Number: An appropriate number should be assigned to a table for the
identification and easy reference in future. It should be written on the top of
the table.
f) Title: Every table must be given a suitable title which usually appears on the
top of the table. Title explains the nature if data. It should be short and simple
g) Captions or Column Headings: Captions are vertical column headings. Such
headings must be in brief and comprise units of measurement. If there is
sub-division of any column there must be sub-caption headings also.
h) Stubs: The title of the horizontal rows are called stubs. The box over the stub
on the left of the table gives description of the stub contents and each stub
tables the data found in the row of the table.
i) Body of the Table: The body of the table is the main component of the table
which contains a numerical information, this is an important part of the table
which shows the number or frequencies of respective stubs and captions.
j) Unit of measurement: the unit of measurement of the figures in the table
(actual data) should always be stated along with the title. If different units are
there for rows or columns of the table. These units must be states along with
stubs or captions. If figures are large, they should be rounded off.
k) Source: If the source of the information has not explicitly contained in the
title it is included in the source note. It must be given in the bottom of the
table.
 l) Note: Anything from the title, caption and stubs in a table which cannot be
understood by the reader should be explained in footnote. It should be in the
extreme left part of the table.

2) The following table shows the Enrollment by gender at schools (%) of

children aged 6-14 years in a district of Bihar. Draw a component bar
diagram by using the following data.

Gender Enrolled (%) Dropouts (%)

Boys 91.5 8.5
Girls 58.6 41.4
All 78 22

Ans: Component bar diagram or charts, are very useful in comparing the sizes of
different component parts and also for throwing light on the relationship among
these integral parts.

3) Construct Ogive by using the following data.

Marks (X) No. of Students
0-20 6
20-40 5
40-60 33
60-80 14
80-100 06
Total 64
 Ans:
Marks (X) No. of Students Less than Ogive More than Ogive
0-20 6 6 64
20-40 5 11 58
40-60 33 44 44
60-80 14 58 11
80-100 06 64 6
Total 64

4) Draw an arithmetic line graph using the following data. Value of import and
export of India (in 100 crores)
Value of import and Export of India (in 100 crores)

Year Export Import

2009-10 8455 13637
2010-11 11370 16835
2011-12 14660 23455
2012-13 16343 26692
2013-14 19050 27154

Ans:
VII) PROJECT-ORIENTED QUESTION
(5 Marks)
1) On the basis of data, you have collected regarding participation of women in
your locality in the below mentioned categories construct a pie chart.
a) Self-employed
b) Regular salaried employees
c) Casual wage labourers
Status Population
Marginal Worker 12
Main Worker 36
Non-Worker 73

Ans:
Status Population increases Degrees
Marginal Workers 12 12/121 x 360 = 35.7
Main Worker 36 36/121 x 360 = 107.10
Non-Worker 73 73/121 x 360 = 217.19
121