LEARNING TASKS 2.

1
MELC 1: Explain visual-verbal relationships illustrated in tables, graphs, and
information maps found in expository texts
Code: EN8SS-IIe-1

Pretest:
Choose the letter of the best answer.
1. What type of text is designed to explain, inform, and present facts about specific
topics?
a. descriptive b. expository c. persuasive d. narrative
2. Which type of visual representation is most commonly used to depict numerical data
in expository text?
a. tables b. flowchart c. information map d. graphs
3. Which visual representation is best suited to show the change over time in a set of
data?
a. line graph b. bar graph c. pie graph d. pictograph
4. TRUE or FALSE: Visual representations, such as graphs and tables, can be useful in
summarizing complex information in information texts.
Examine the tables below and answer the following questions based on the
information provided.
Demographic Profile of Barangays in Cabatuan
Barangay Population(2020) Population Population
(2015) Increase(%)
Acao 1,971 1,967 .20%
Amerang 689 725 -4.97%
Anuang 830 813 2.09%
Ayaman 1,921 1,820 5.55%
Ayong 736 708 3.95%
https://www.philatlas.com/visayas/r06/iloilo/cabatuan.html
5. Which barangay experienced the highest population increase?
a. Acao b. Ayaman c. Anuang d. Amerang

Highest Heat Index

(Actual Computed)
September 19, 2023
Iloilo City, Iloilo 15-Sep 16-Sep 17-Sep 18-Sep 19-Sep
Computed Heat
39 40 42 41 41
Index
https://www.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/
6. Based on the given data, which of the sentences is correct?
a. The hottest day is September 15.
b. The hottest day is September 17.
c. It is hotter on September 16 than on September 17.
d. It is hotter on September 18 than on September 19.

1
Study the flowchart and answer the questions that follow.

Prepare the ingredients.

Tie the edges of Prepare banana

banana leaves and leaves to be used for
cook. the wrap.

Mix the ingredients

with marinated
native chicken.

7. What type of visual representation is shown above?

a. pie graph b. pictograph c. map d. flowchart
8. What is the best title for the visual representation?
a. Steps in Cooking Tinola c. Steps in Cooking Tinuom
b. Steps in Cooking Adobo d. Steps in Cooking Sinigang
9. Which of the following best explains why it is important to use visual-verbal
representations in an expository text?
a. To enhance comprehension and facilitate learning
b. To make the text more aesthetically appealing
c. To add unnecessary information
d. To confuse the readers
10. Which of the following best describes how the use of visual-verbal representations in
an expository text can help students in learning the English language?
a. By increasing retention and understanding
b. By replacing the need for grammatical rules and practice
c. By discouraging active participation and critical thinking
d. By making the learning process more monotonous and boring

2
VISUAL-VERBAL RELATIONSHIPS
Expository texts are designed to explain, inform, and present facts about specific
topics. These texts can be accompanied by visual cues to provide or further highlight
information.
These visual elements include graphs, tables, maps, illustrations, etc. Their
primary function is to improve comprehension of reading material. However,
understanding graphic elements like those cited above are vital for comprehending texts
some tend to skip.
Visual-verbal symbiosis is rooted in the idea that "visuals" support "verbals" and
vice versa. Dwyer (1988) found a symbiotic relationship between verbal and visual
literacies. When the two are combined, it facilitates student achievement.

I. Graphs
These are diagrams showing the relation between variable quantities, typically of
two variables, each measured with a pair of axes at right angles.
A. Bar graphs show numbers
that are independent of each Gadget Preferences
other. For example, number of 6
people who preferred tablet than 4
cellphones by gender.
2

0
Tablet Cellphone

MALE FEMALE
No. of Incorrect Answers in English
6
A. Line graphs show you how numbers
5 have changed over time. It usually has
continuous data along a vertical (Y-
4
axis) and horizontal (X-axis)
3 dimensions. The Y-axis usually shows
the value of whatever variable being
2
measured; the (-axis commonly
1 presents when it was measured; either
chronologically or based on other
0 independent variables.
1st 2nd 3rd 4th
Rainier Chris

C. Pictograph is a special type of bar

graph. It is used to represent data
using icons and images relevant to the
data. A hint is often included in a
pictograph that indicates what each
icon or image represents. https://jr.brainpop.com/math/data/pictographs/

3
 Attendance in English Class D. A pie graph shows how a whole
divided into sections (or 'slices') to
represent values of different sizes.

1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr

Tracks Offered in Number of learners
II. Tables CNCHS enrolled
STEM 40
A table, also known as matrix, refers
ABM 50
to an orderly arranged quantitative
data in columns and rows. TVL 70

III. Map

A map refers to collection of data

showing the spatial arrangement or
distribution of something over an
area.

https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/390194755197097844/
IV. Captioned Graphic
Figures are visuals such as charts,
graphs, photos, drawings, and
maps. Figures are normally
identified by the capitalized word
Figure and a number followed by a
caption. A caption is a short
block of text that gives
information about the figure
photograph. https://en.wikibooks.org

4
V. Flowcharts
A flowchart shows the sequence of
movements or actions of people or
things involved in a complex system
or activity.

https://www.pinterest.ph/pin

LET’S DO THIS

Learning Task 1:

Identify the visual element referred to in each statement. Choose from the choices
inside the box and write the letter of your answer of the space provided before each
number.

a. map b. pictograph c. pie graph d. line graph e. Dwyer

f. flowchart g. table h. bar graph i. graphs j. table

_____1. It refers to the collection of data showing the spatial arrangement or distribution of
something over an area.
_____ 2. It is also known as matrix and refers to orderly arranged quantitative data in
columns and rows.
_____ 3. It shows the sequence of movements or actions of people or things involved in a
complex system or activity.
_____ 4. It usually has continuous data along vertical (Y-axis) and horizontal (X-axis)
dimensions. The Y-axis usually shows the value of whatever variable being
measured; the X-axis commonly presents when it was measured chronologically
or based on other independent variables.
_____ 5. It is a special type of bar graph which uses pictures to represent a particular
number of items.
_____ 6. It is a type of graph that shows how a whole is divided into different parts.
_____ 7. It is a type of graph that shows numbers independent of each other.
_____ 8. These are diagrams showing the relation between variable quantities, typically of
two variables, each measured with a pair of axes at right angles.
_____ 9. This is also known as matrix and refers to orderly arranged quantitative data in
columns and rows.
_____10. He found a symbiotic relationship between verbal and visual literacies.

5
 Learning Task 2:
Examine the school evacuation map and answer the following questions based on
the provided information.
SCHOOL EVACUATION MAP

1. What information is presented on the map?

___________________________________________________________________
2. What is the nearest evacuation area to the Industrial Arts building?
___________________________________________________________________
3. Describe the location of the evacuation area to the surrounding buildings.
___________________________________________________________________
4. What is your conclusion about the data presented?
___________________________________________________________________
5. How does this data help during earthquakes?
___________________________________________________________________

Learning Task 3:
Study the sentences and make a flowchart on the steps of cooking Tinuom.
1. In one bowl, place the chicken and season it with onion, tomato, vetsin and the salt
and then add some water.
2. In another bowl prepare the banana leaves to be used for the wrap.
3. Eventually, pour the marinated chicken into the bowl lined with banana leaf, gather
the edges, and tie it with a bamboo string or any piece of string.
4. After tying it up, place it in a casserole full of water and then place it on fire.

6
 Draw your flowchart here

Learning Task 4:
Read the article below and answer the questions that follow.

ILOILO INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT CABATUAN, ILOILO

The Iloilo International Airport is located entirely in the town of CABATUAN, Iloilo;
specifically in Barangay Tabucan, Barangay Gaub, Barangay Duyan-Duyan and Barangay
Manguna, all in Cabatuan, Iloilo.

http://cabatuan.com/iloiloairport.html

7
 The airport can be reached using either the Cabatuan access roads (Barangay
Tabucan and Barangay Tiring, Cabatuan) or the Pavia-Santa Barbara-Cabatuan (Barangay
Duyan-Duyan, Cabatuan) access road.
Facilities:
The Cabatuan International Airport is currently handling direct flights to Hong Kong
and Singapore, in addition to domestic routes.
It is designed to handle 1.2 million passengers and 11,500 tons of cargoes per year
and can accommodate aircrafts as big as an Airbus 330 with a seating capacity of 276.
The three-storey passenger terminal building has an area of 13,000 square meters,
designed with complete separation for departing and arriving passengers. It has 10 check-
in counters with individual weighing and queuing conveyors, belt conveyor from the check-
in to the baggage loading area, flight information display system to guide passengers of the
aircraft's time schedule and destination, and a transit counter.
The terminal is also provided with close-circuit television for security and monitoring
purposes; and three units of passenger boarding bridges, which can stretch up to 35
meters when fully extended. The boarding bridge is accessible via a separated gang-way
(one each for departing and arriving passengers). Other amenities of the building includes
6 x-ray machines, Mabuhay lounges for departing passengers and VIP room, smoking
rooms, concessionaire areas for shoppers, lost and found section, counters for hotel and
car rental bookings, allocated public telephone booths and others.
The facilities are guaranteed to be handicapped friendly, with railings, elevators,
escalators and dedicated space for handicapped in the comfort rooms. The pre-departure
area is located at the third floor of the building, with at least 436 seating capacity. The
baggage claim area is located at the ground floor, accessible from the second floor with
two units of 51 meters conveyor. There is also a separate section for the waiting public and
well wishers at the arrival and departure concourse.
In front of the Passenger Terminal Building is a vehicular parking area with 414 slots
for private cars, complete with tollbooth and a drivers' lounge and rest rooms. Spaces for
taxi, buses and jeepney stands are, likewise, provided.
The airport's Cargo Terminal Building is a 1,300-square meter storey structure
consisting of a covered platform, government offices, restrooms and cargo handling area. It
is now being occupied by the 3-airline companies, namely, the Philippine airlines, Cebu
Pacific and Air Philippines. The area is secured by fence with guard house and parking
space for clients and operators.
The Control tower, on the other hand, is a 9-storey 35 meters structure that operates
and control air traffic for the airport, with a two-storey operation building that houses the
state-of-the-art communication equipment and the briefing room for pilots.
For better and efficient operations, and maintenance, the mechanical and electrical
buildings were constructed separately. The mechanical building houses the chiller room,
and water supply and pump room, while the cooling system for the whole airport is about
2,400kw, consisting of five units of chillers, each having a capacity of 600kw.
On the other hand, the entire electrical system of the airport can generate 2,500kVA
supply of power, while the generator room is equipped with 4 units of 500kVA standby
generator and automatically switch-on during power failure.
8
 Other buildings and facilities in the airport include the 2-storey Administration
Building, Maintenance Building, and Fire Rescue Stations state-of-the-art navigational aids
which enable the airport to operate after dark, and the runway designation designed to
cater to even bad weather conditions.
The Airport's environment friendly facilities include a Sewage Treatment Plant, a
single storey structure considered as the final holding area of the generated domestic
sewage. During the treatment process the solid waste is separated from the liquid and
process into an organic material (fertilizer) for the plants, while the liquid is recycled for
watering purposes. There is also a Material Recovery Facility (MRF) structure for the
segregation of the solid waste collected in the airport. (PIA 6, 2007/06/12, by ES Subong).
1. Where is Iloilo International Airport located?
_________________________________________________________________
2. What are the access roads going to the airport?
_________________________________________________________________
3. In what province does Cabatuan belong?
_________________________________________________________________
4. Tiring is found in what direction of Gaub?
_________________________________________________________________
5. What facilities are found in the airport?
_________________________________________________________________
6. Is using maps important? Elaborate your answer.
_________________________________________________________________
7. From your locality, draw your way to International Airport.

Draw your way here

9
Learning Task 5:
Study the bar graph and explain the annual sales report update presented below in
one paragraph.

Annual Sales Report

5
4
3
2019
2
2020
1
2021
0
Oppo Samsung Huawei Vivo

Legend: =1000 2021 2020 2019

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________.

Posttest:
Choose the letter of the best answer.
1. What type of text is designed to explain, inform, and present facts about specific topics?
a. Descriptive b. expository c. persuasive d. narrative
2. Which type of visual representation is most commonly used to depict numerical data in
expository text?
a. tables b. flowchart c. information map d. graphs
3. Which visual representation is best suited to show the change over time in a set of
data?
a. line graph b. bar graph c. pie graph d. pictograph

10
4. TRUE or FALSE: Visual representations, such as graphs and tables, can be useful in
summarizing complex information in information texts.
Examine the tables below and answer the following questions based on the
information provided.
Demographic Profile of Barangays in Cabatuan
Barangay Population(2020) Population Population
(2015) Increase(%)
Acao 1,971 1,967 .20%
Amerang 689 725 -4.97%
Anuang 830 813 2.09%
Ayaman 1,921 1,820 5.55%
Ayong 736 708 3.95%
https://www.philatlas.com/visayas/r06/iloilo/cabatuan.html
5. Which barangay experienced the highest population increase?
a. Acao b. Ayaman c. Anuang d. Amerang

HIGHEST HEAT INDEX

(Actual Computed)
September 19, 2023
Iloilo City, Iloilo 15-Sep 16-Sep 17-Sep 18-Sep 19-Sep
Computed Heat
39 40 42 41 41
Index
https://www.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/
6. Based on the given data, which of the sentences is correct?
a. The hottest day is September 15.
b. The hottest day is September 17.
c. It is hotter on September 16 than on September 17.
d. It is hotter on September 18 than on September 19.
Study the flowchart and answer the questions that follow.

Prepare the ingredients.

Tie the edges of Prepare banana

banana leaves and leaves to be used for
cook. the wrap.

Mix the ingredients

with marinated
native chicken.

11
7. What type of visual representation is shown above?
a. pie graph b. pictograph c. map d. flowchart
8. What is the best title for the visual representation?
a. Steps in Cooking Tinola c. Steps in Cooking Tinuom
b. Steps in Cooking Adobo d. Steps in Cooking Sinigang
9. Which of the following best explains why it is important to use visual-verbal
representations in expository text?
a. To enhance comprehension and facilitate learning
b. To make the text more aesthetically appealing
c. To add unnecessary information
d. To confuse the readers
10. Which of the following best describes how the use of visual-verbal representations in
expository text can help students in learning the English language?
a. By increasing retention and understanding
b. By replacing the need for grammatical rules and practice
c. By discouraging active participation and critical thinking
d. By making the learning process more monotonous and boring

12
 LEARNING TASKS 2.2
MELC 2: Use opinion-marking signals to share ideas
Pretest
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer in your answer sheet.
1. Black Pink is a famous K-Pop Girl Group. What will you say if you disagree?
a. I have no objection; I love Red Velvet too.
b. I hold the same opinion. They are so gorgeous.
c. I am afraid that Blackpink is a more famous K-Pop Girl Group.
d. I couldn’t agree more.
2. “Mobile Legends is the best online game,” said Tim. The sentences below express
agreement, EXCEPT
a. Well, that’s for sure. c. That’s not always the case.
b. I say it that way too. d. I hold the same opinion.
3. Health is wealth. I completely agree with that. Which is an opinion marking signal?
a. to that c. completely
b. I completely agree d. Health is wealth.
4. In my experience, education plays a vital role in achieving one’s success. The statement
expresses:
a. agreement b. disagreement
b. stating own opinion d. stating other’s opinion
5. Which statement shows an opinion about Cabatuan Plaza?
a. In front of the church and the municipal building is the town plaza, about two
hectares.
b. Around it, is “Farolas” – nine massive lamp posts of bricks that are relics of the
Spanish regime.
c. The bandstand, with the monument of Andres Bonifacio at the center, was built in
1932.
d. Cabatuan Plaza is believed to be one of the biggest and cleanest in the Province of
Iloilo.
6. Based on the pictograph, which of the following statements expresses an opinion?

a. There are four horses in stables 1 and 3.

b. Stable 4 has the largest number of horses.
c. Stable 2 has the least number of horses.
d. Personally I think, the horses are used for horse
racing.

https://www.youtube.com/@instyn
7. All the sentences below are opinions, EXCEPT
13
 a. Lino believes that all students will be happy about the mayor’s announcement.
b. In his interview, the mayor announced that they would assist the students.
c. From what Lino knows, many stakeholders extended help to assist the learners in
their studies.
d. Lino is confident that through the assistance of the many stakeholders, he will
survive the school year despite the many challenges.
8. Which of the following sentences uses the appropriate opinion marking signal to answer
the question below? How do you feel about going to Cabatuan?
a. For me, Cabatuan has the most beautiful landmarks.
b. I cannot deny that Cabatuan has beautiful landmarks.
c. I love going to Cabatuan and visiting its beautiful landmarks.
d. I believe I can go to Cabatuan and visit its beautiful landmarks.
9. Choose the purpose expressed by the statement. “You're absolutely wrong in saying
that Mrs. Fernandez is strict.”
a. agreeing c. disagreeing
b. expressing own opinion d. asking other’s opinions
10. Which of the following phrases is not an example of an opinion-marking signal?
a. I agree with that c. as far as I understand
b. I am certain d. Survey says that

OPINION-MARKING SIGNALS
Concerning the availability of information with the advent of technology,
distinguishing fact and opinion becomes an essential skill in higher-level reading and
listening comprehension tasks. Since both are often woven together to make a point,
extracting verifiable truths from an author’s personally-developed ideas can be, sometimes,
tricky. Fortunately, authors tend to use phrases or lines to distinguish between fact-based
and opinion-based statements.
Learning opinion-markers not only improves reading and listening comprehension
but also enhances your ability to articulate your thoughts. This conversational skill is
especially important for second language learners to acquire.
In this lesson, you are expected to learn how to identify opinion-marking signals and
use them in sharing your thoughts.
The table below shows some commonly used opinion-markers which you may use
when expressing your opinion and stating agreement or disagreement with someone else’s
ideas.
Stating Your Own Opinion Stating Agreement Stating Disagreement
It seems to be that… I I’m afraid…
In my opinion… completely/really/totally/ I’m sorry...
I take the view that… absolutely/honestly/ You may be correct,
My personal view is truly agree with you on but…
that… that. That might be true,
In my experience... I really think/believe so, but…
As far as I too. I beg to differ.
understand/see/can… I couldn’t agree more. I’m afraid I have to
If I am not mistaken… I have come to the same disagree with you on
14
 Personally, I think…
I am not certain/sure,
but…
It is claimed that…
I believe one can say…
conclusion.
I hold the same opinion.
I have no objection.
I see it that way, too.
You have a point there.
You have made a good
point.
We are on one mind
on…
that.
I don’t share your view.
I think otherwise.
I take a different view.
I am not sure I agree
with you.
That’s not always the
case.

LET’S DO THIS

LEARNING TASK 1: Read each statement. Write FACT if you can prove or
disprove the statement with concrete evidence, or OPINION if the information is a
belief or a position.
__________1. Townspeople believed that Cabatuan could have gotten its name from three
words in the local dialect describing certain facets of prehistoric Cabatuan.
__________ 2.The name might have evolved from (1) CaBatuan, which means a large
area of rocks, (2) Batuan, which means to fight, defy, or oppose, and
(3) Batu-an, a sour-fruit-bearing evergreen tree that grew abundantly in the
region.
__________ 3. In 1733, Cabatuan was officially organized upon the installation of Rev. Fr.
Antonio Lopez as its first priest and Tono as its first "gobernadorcillo."
__________ 4. Cabatuananons believe that the town was placed under the spiritual
protection of Saint Nicholas de Tolentino as the Patron Saint.
__________ 5. I like the week-long celebration from September 1–10 every year.
__________ 6. The highlight of the activities is the celebration of the Tinuom Festival
celebrated on the 10th day of September.
__________ 7. Cabatuan is located along a branch of the Suage River, 24 kilometers
(15 mi) from Iloilo City, the capital of Iloilo province.
__________ 8. Statistics says that Kinaray-a is the most dominant language used by the
Cabatuananons, but Hiligaynon, English, and Tagalog are also spoken.
__________ 9. Cabatuan is composed of 68 barangays.
__________ 10. Cabatuan is described as a cultural and religious town in the heart
of Panay Island.

LEARNING TASK 2: Read the sentences and encircle the opinion-marking

signals.
1. Personally, I think this doughnut is better than the store-bought ones.
2. It is claimed that drinking coffee is good for you.
3. In my experience, exercising daily does wonders for your health.
4. I might be wrong, but didn't you ask him about that a while ago?
5. I am convinced that eating too many processed foods isn’t good for your health.
6. In general, that is true, but owners of older cars find it is not always the case.
15
7. "There was only one accident, as far as I understand," he said.
8. I’m afraid that I can’t accept this job.
9. The argument was quite remarkable in his opinion, but I beg to differ. I never enjoy
political debates.
10. We're all of one mind about him.

LEARNING TASK 3. Complete the sentences by filling in appropriate opinion

marking signals.
1. _______________ Cabatuan is a great place to live in.
2. In my ________________, the best thing about Cabatuan is __________________.
3. _____________________ Janken Pizza serves the best pizza in town.
4. _____________________that Paklang Arc contributes significantly to the charm of
Cabatuan.
5. Many residents suggest that September is the best time to visit
Cabatuan.___________________________________________. (agreement)
6. Many people argue that Barangay Maraguit is the most historical site in Cabatuan,
Iloilo. _______________________________________________(agreement).
7. Some experts claim that only farming plays a crucial role in the economic development
of Cabatuan. _________________________________(disagreement).
8. When it comes to the local cuisine, Tinuom is the best.____________________
(agreement)
9. Ayaman is the friendliest community in Cabatuan, Iloilo.
___________________________________________________ (agreement).
10. ______________________ the most beautiful attraction in Cabatuan is the children’s
playground.

LEARNING TASK 4. Express your opinions on the following situations. Use

opinion-marking signals.
1. What is your stance on wearing school uniform?
_____________________________________________________________________
2. Do you agree with our school rules and regulations?
_____________________________________________________________________
3. Do you believe that when you graduate here, you’ll immediately find job?
_____________________________________________________________________
4. Do you agree with the survey that Automotive Servicing is the best specialization
offered in school?
_____________________________________________________________________
5. What do you think of the Senior High School curriculum?
_____________________________________________________________________

LEARNING TASK 5. Given the pictures below, make ten sentences using the
opinion-marking signals you have learned.
16
 https://cabatuan.gov.ph/ https://www.flickr.com https://www.flickr.com

https://en.wikipedia.org/ https://www.facebook.com/PanayNews/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/

1. ______________________________________________________________________.
2. ______________________________________________________________________.
3. ______________________________________________________________________.
4.______________________________________________________________________.
5. ______________________________________________________________________.
6. ______________________________________________________________________.
7. ______________________________________________________________________.
8. ______________________________________________________________________.
9. ______________________________________________________________________.
10. _____________________________________________________________________.

Posttest.
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer in your answer sheet.
1. Black Pink is a famous K-Pop Girl Group. What will you say if you disagree?
a. I have no objection; I love Red Velvet too.
b. I hold the same opinion. They are so gorgeous.
c. I am afraid that Blackpink is a more famous K-Pop Girl Group.
d. I couldn’t agree more.
2. “Mobile Legends is the best online game,” said Tim. The sentences below express
agreement, EXCEPT
a. Well, that’s for sure. c. That’s not always the case.
b. I say it that way too. d. I hold the same opinion.
3. Health is wealth. I completely agree with that. Which is an opinion marking signal?
a. to that c. completely
b. I completely agree to that d. Health is wealth.
4. In my experience, education plays a vital role in achieving one’s success. The
statement expresses:
a. agreement c. disagreement
b. stating own opinion d. stating other’s opinion
5. Which statement shows an opinion about Cabatuan Plaza?

17
 a. In front of the church and the municipal building is the town plaza, about two
hectares.
b. Around it, is “Farolas” – nine massive lamp posts of bricks that are relics of the
Spanish regime.
c. The bandstand, with the monument of Andres Bonifacio at the center, was built in
1932.
d. Cabatuan Plaza is believed to be one of the biggest and cleanest in the Province of
Iloilo.
6. Based on the pictograph, which of the following statements expresses an opinion?

a. There are four horses each in stable 1 and 3.

b. Stable 4 has the largest number of horses.
c. Stable 2 has the least number of horses.
d. Personally I think, the horses are used for horse
racing.

https://www.youtube.com/@instyn
7. All the sentences below are opinions, EXCEPT
a. Lino believes that all students will be happy about the mayor’s announcement.
b. In his interview, the mayor announced that they would assist the students.
c. From what Lino knows, many stakeholders extended help to assist the learners in
their studies.
d. Lino is confident that through the assistance of the many stakeholders, he will
survive the school year despite the many challenges.
8. Which of the following sentences uses the appropriate opinion marking signal to answer
the question below? How do you feel about going to Cabatuan?
a. For me, Cabatuan has the most beautiful landmarks.
b. I cannot deny that Cabatuan has beautiful landmarks.
c. I love going to Cabatuan and visiting its beautiful landmarks.
d. I believe I can go to Cabatuan and visit its beautiful landmarks.
9. Choose the purpose expressed by the statement. “You're absolutely wrong in saying
that Mrs. Fernandez is strict.”
a. agreeing c. disagreeing
b. expressing an opinion. d. asking others about their opinions.
10. Which of the following phrases is not an example of an opinion-marking signal?
a. I agree with that c. as far as I understand
b. I am certain d. Survey says that

18
 LEARNING TASKS 2.3
MELC 3: Compare and contrast the presentation of the same topic in different
multimodal texts
Pretest
1. What type of multimodal text is most suitable for presenting complex data or
information?
a. infographics b. digital story c. slideshow d. brochure
2. Which multimodal text allows for sequential storytelling through a combination of
images and texts?
a. comics b. animation c. film d. e-poster
3. If you want to know the travel destinations in Iloilo, which multimodal text will you
consult?
a. digital story b. oral presentation c. brochure d. poster
4. Your English teacher wants you to present a multimodal text about global warming
using your art materials. What will you make?
a. poster b. e-poster c. slideshow d. dance
5. Miss Ann instructs her learners to interpret the song’s message. Which do you think will
they perform?
a. animation b. dance c. slideshow d. comics
6. You are in SM City and you don’t know which way to pass in going to the comfort room.
Which multimodal text do you think can give you the information?
a. picture b. brochure c. infographic d. poster
7. Which multimodal text is commonly used for storytelling through a combination of
visuals, sound, and text?
a. comics b. animations c. digital story d. posters
8. Which multimodal text allows for the integration of physical movement and gestures to
communicate ideas?
a. dance performance c. films
b. picture books d. oral presentation
9. Which does not belong to the group?
a. picture b. infographics c. posters d. e-posters
10. Which is not true about multimodal text?
a. Multimodal texts use only one communication mode.
b. Multimodal texts can be in live, digital, or paper-based form.
c. Films, animations, and slideshows are examples of digital multimodal texts.
d. Multimodal texts require the processing of more than one method and the recognition
of the interconnections between information.

Multimodal Texts are often live, digital text, or paper-based. It requires the processing of
more than one method and the recognition of the interconnections between information.

19
Live multimodal texts are shown through various modes such as gestural, spatial, audio,
and oral language. The following are examples of live multimodal texts:
Dance is the expression Oral presentation is
of an idea or emotion through the delivery of an idea
the use of body movements in a in front of
rhythmic way, accompanied a public audience.
with music.

Digital multimodal texts are presented through dynamic combinations of various modes
across written and spoken language, still and moving visual images, audio, gesture,
and spatial communicative resources. The following are examples of digital multimodal
texts:
Film is a form of
storytelling using a series Animation is a
of moving images shown method of storytelling
on the screen, usually using figures that are
with sounds. manipulated to appear
as a series of moving
images. https://commons.wikimedia.org/
https://www.flickr.com/photos

Slideshow is a e-posters or electronic

presentation that is based poster is a digital
on a series of projected presentation of a study
images or photographic and can be accessed
slides. through software.

https://pxhere.com/
Digital stories is a multimedia
presentation of a narrative structure
combining a variety of digital
elements .

https://commons.wikimedia.org/

Paper-based multimodal texts are conveyed to the reader through varying combinations
of written language and still images. The following are examples of paper-based
multimodal texts:

Infographics is a Brochure is a
collection of images, charts, small book or
and data to present a quick magazine
and clear information. containing pictures
and information
about a product or
service. https://www.pinterest.ph/

20
 https://www.environmentforyouth.com.au/

Graphic text presents

Posters is a large
information and data
printed picture or a
with the use of words
notice that is used
in diagrams and
for advertising or
drawings.
decoration.
https://pxhere.com/ https://www.flickr.com/

Comics is a Picture is an
combination of image or
narration using drawing that
images combined represents a
with text. https://commons.wikimedia.org/
certain topic. https://cabatuan.gov.ph/

Learning multimodal text is an efficient way for you to become familiar with the
different methods of learning, remembering, and studying information. This will enhance
your ability to retain information at a deeper level and recalling it at a later date will become
quicker and more successful.

LEARNING TASK 1. Identify the multimodal text described in each number.

Choose your answer from the choices inside the box and write your
answer in the space provided before each number.

animation picture digital story graphic text

poster slideshows infographics film
e-posters - or electronic poster oral presentation

__________ 1. It is an image or drawing that represents a particular topic.

__________ 2. It is a large, printed picture or a notice that is used for advertising or
decoration.
__________ 3. It is a presentation based on a series of projected images or photographic
slides.
__________ 4. It is a method of storytelling using figures that are manipulated to appear as
a series of moving images.
__________ 5. It is a multimedia presentation of a narrative structure combining a variety
of digital elements.
21
__________ 6. It presents information and data using words in diagrams and drawings.
__________ 7. It is a form of storytelling using a series of moving images shown on the
screen, usually with sounds.
__________ 8. It is a collection of images, charts, and data to present quick and precise
information.
__________ 9. It is a digital presentation of a study and can be accessed through software.
_________ 10. It is the delivery of an idea in front of a public audience.

LEARNING TASK 2. Identify the type of multimodal text presented.

animation graphic text film comics picture

dance poster e-poster slideshow
infographic digital story
oral presentation

____________ 1. ___________6.
https://freesvg.org/walking-girl-sprite-sheet

____________ 2.

https://www.flickr.com/photos/nihgo

____________ 3. ___________7.

https://www.publicdomainpictures.net/
https://www.google.com/search?q

____________ 4. __________ 8.

https://commons.wikimedia.org/

____________ 5. https://www.flickr.com/photos

__________ 9.

https://cabatuan.gov.ph

22
 LEARNING TASK 3. Analyze the multimodal texts and answer the
questions that follow.

GREEN
SYMBO
PAKLANG
PLAZA
CABATUAN
INDUSTRY
GIGANTIC
https://cabatuan.gov.ph/paklang/

1. What do the two multimodal texts present?

BANANA LEAF
___________________________________________________________________
2. What are the similarities and differences of the information presented?
___________________________________________________________________
3. Is the information presented in the picture and graphic text the same? Elaborate
your answer.
___________________________________________________________________

LEARNING TASK 4. Analyze the paper-based multimodal texts and compare

and contrast the information presented using the Venn diagram.
Infographic Brochure

https://www.telethonkids.org.au/ https://nonviolentcommunity.

Differences Differences

Similarities

23
 LEARNING TASK 5. Analyze the multimodal texts and answer the questions
that follow.
Comics Film

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OY7h9xxwPa8
https://www.flickr.com/photos

1. What is the topic of the comics and film?

___________________________________________________________________
2. What are the similarities and differences between the two?
Similarities: _________________________________________________________
Differences: _________________________________________________________
3. Which do you prefer between the two? Explain your answer.
___________________________________________________________________

Posttest
1. What type of multimodal text is most suitable for presenting complex data or
information?
a. infographics b. digital story c. slideshow d. brochure
2. Which multimodal text allows for sequential storytelling through a combination of
images and texts?
a. comics b. animation c. film d. e-poster
3. If you want to know the travel destinations in Iloilo, which multimodal text will you
consult?
a. digital story b. oral presentation c. brochure d. poster
4. Your English teacher wants you to present a multimodal text about global warming
using your art materials; what will you make?
b. poster b. e-poster c. slideshow d. dance
5. Miss Ann instructs her learners to interpret the song’s message. Which do you think will
they perform?
a. animation b. dance c. slideshow d. comics
6. You are in SM City and you don’t know which way to pass in going to the comfort room.
Which multimodal text do you think you can give you the information?
a. picture b. brochure c. infographic d. poster

24
7. Which multimodal text is commonly used for storytelling through a combination of
visuals, sound, and text?
a. comics b. animations c. digital story d. posters
8. Which multimodal text allows for the integration of physical movement and gestures to
communicate ideas?
a. dance performance c. films
b. picture books d. oral presentation
9. Which does not belong to the group?
a. picture b. infographics c. posters d. e-posters
10. Which is not true about multimodal text?
a. Multimodal texts use only one communication mode.
b. Multimodal texts can be in live, digital, or paper-based form.
c. Films, animations, and slideshows are examples of digital multimodal texts.
d. Multimodal texts require the processing of more than one method and the recognition
of the interconnections between information.

25
 COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING TASKS 2.4
MELC 4: Compare and contrast own opinions with those presented in familiar text

Pretest
Choose the letter of the best answer.
1. It refers to a view or judgment formed in the mind about a particular topic or issue.
a. fact b. opinion c. comparison d. contrast
2. It is stating an opinion about agreeing to the opinion or stand towards certain issues
presented by the author in the text you read.
a. fact b. opinion c. comparison d. contrast
3. It means disagreeing with the opinion or stand of the writer on specific issues.
a. fact b. opinion c. comparison d. contrast
4. The following are expressions used in making comparisons, EXCEPT:
a. Yes, I agree. b. both c. like d. while
5. The following are expressions used in contrasting, EXCEPT:
a. one difference c. conversely
b. another difference d. similarly
6. In the old times, teenagers could get married at the age of 15 ______________
nowadays, it is illegal. Which expression best fits the sentence?
a. in like manner b. in contrast c. similarly d. likewise
7. Vacuum sealing and dry salting are _____________ food preservation methods which
are used until today. Which expression best fits the sentence?
a. one similarity b. both c. like d. while

For items 7-8 Read the article and answer the questions below.

Hardware and Performance of Samsung and Vivo

Vivo and Samsung have a toe-to-toe battle if we talk about the hardware. They both
manage to score points in different areas while failing in some.
If we talk about processors, Vivo usually relies on Snapdragon and Mediatek. Samsung
uses Snapdragon in some devices but mainly features its own Exynos processors in
most of its devices. The Exynos processors in flagship devices perform great but in
budget-oriented segments, Vivo provides better performance. The Vivo devices are also
better at gaming than Samsung if we exclude the flagships. Samsung has an upper
hand in CPUs and their devices work better for regular use and multitasking.
Both the brands boast amazing cameras as well. Vivo wins in front camera with
ease but the rear is usually a hit-or-miss. In overall camera performance, Samsung gets
the win.
8. What is the topic discussed?
a. Samsung and Vivo
b. Hardware of Samsung
26
 c. Performance of Samsung and Vivo
d. Hardware and Performance of Samsung and Vivo
9. Which is true about the article?
a. Vivo uses Exynos processor.
b. Samsung is better in gaming compared to Vivo.
c. Vivo devices work better for regular use and multitasking.
d. Samsung has a better camera compared to Vivo.
10. You plan to purchase a new phone and your friend refers you to buy Vivo. Which of the
following phrases will you use if you disagree?
a. I couldn’t agree more! c. I see exactly what you mean!
b. You’re right. That’s a good point. d. I’m not sure about that!

An opinion is a belief or viewpoint on a particular topic or issue. It is subjective and

can vary among individuals based on their personal experiences, values, and perspectives.
Opinions are not objective facts but rather subjective judgments or ideas.
In relation to reading, comparison refers to the process of analyzing two or more
elements or aspects of a text. It involves identifying similarities between characters,
plotlines, themes, writing styles, or any other relevant elements within the literary work.
In the context of stating an opinion, a comparison refers to the act of comparing two
or more things to express preferences, judgments, or evaluations. Comparisons are often
used to support, clarify, or justify one’s opinion by highlighting similarities between the
subject of the opinion and other relevant objects, situations, or experiences.
In relation to reading, contrast refers to the examination of two or more elements or
aspects of a text that are notably different from each other. It involves identifying and
highlighting the distinctions,
On the contrary, contrasting would mean disagreeing with the opinion or stand of
the writer on specific issues. It is about finding differences or discrepancies in your
personal opinion from the opinion of the writer or author stated in the text. Specifically, the
idea/ideas in the text presented by the author is/are different from your own opinions or
beliefs.
Being able to express your opinion and agree with the opinion of others can make a
conversation a lot more fun and interesting. We also compare and contrast our opinion with
the texts that we read to self-check if our opinion has a basis.
To sum it up, for you to effectively compare and contrast your own opinion based on
a given familiar text, you have to do the following:
First, identify the similarities and differences between objects, persons, or
ideas;
Second, take note of the similarities and differences, as well as the transition
signals for comparing and contrasting; and
Third, express your own opinion by showing comparison and contrast as
supported by facts and evidence through the text presented.
These are some phrases used in making comparison and contrast.
Comparison Contrast
(Agreeing) (Disagreeing)
27
 One similarity One difference
Another similarity Another difference
Comparison Contrast
Both Conversely
In like manner However
Like In contrast
Likewise Unlike
Similarly While
For a similar reason Whereas
Yes, I agree! I don’t agree!
I totally agree! I totally disagree!
I couldn’t agree more! Absolutely not!
I see exactly what you mean! That’s not right!
You’re right. That’s a good point. I’m not sure about that!

LET’S DO THIS

LEARNING TASK 1: Read the sentences and choose the appropriate

opinion marking signal. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. Lovely recognizes the similarities between the two brands of bag. ________________
some notable differences exist.
a. Like b. Likewise c. Similarly d. Conversely
2. “Let’s join the pilgrimage going to Balic Hill”, said Leah. What will you say if you agree?
a. I don’t agree. c. Absolutely not!
b. I couldn’t agree more. d. I’m not sure about that.
3. Mountain dew is a citrusy sweet flavor soda with hints of lemon, lime, and orange. Its
flavor is unique and one of a kind. Which statement shows contrast with the previous
statements?
a. You’re absolutely right. c. I’m not sure about that!
b. I totally agree. d. That’s a good point.
4. He is _________________ talented in playing the piano like his older sister.
a. One difference b. similarly c. whereas d. conversely
5. Maasin is one of the progressive towns in the province of Iloilo. Similarly, our town is an
innovative municipality. _________________ improve the quality of life for their
residents.
a. Both b. However c. Unlike d. Whereas

LEARNING TASK 2. Read closely the text and compare and contrast the
statements by writing three sentences expressing comparison and another
three sentences expressing contrast. Use appropriate transitional signals.

Traditions of Filipinos Traditions of Jordanians

Filipinos are hospitable. They would Jordanians show their hospitability by
usually greet their visitors with the phrase greeting every visitor with customary cheek
28
 “Feel at home” to ensure that they are at
ease during their stay.
Each village and city has its own “fiesta”
which is celebrated in a unique style and
there are many more festive occasions
throughout the year that call for an
organized march through the streets.
Philippine culture often entails a
Bayanihan character, best expressed
during times of crisis. It is the inclination to
help as a community, functioning under the
recognition of each other as kapwa.
Countdowns can start as soon as the ber
months roll in and for many, so does gift
shopping. The ultimate culmination of
familial celebration in the Philippines may
be witnessed during December.
kissing.
Jordanians love offering their food, whether
it’s a bite of their sandwich or an invitation
to a family dinner.
Community Support Committees (CSCs) in
Jordan provide a community-led
approach in responding to the needs of
urban refugees.
In Jordan, the Christmas holidays begin in
early December with dipped fruits in
brandy, rum, or wine. Flour and yeast
complete the mixture of cakes and pastries
which are traditionally served on Christmas
Eve.

COMPARISON CONTRAST

1. 1.

2. 2.

3. 3.

LEARNING TASK 3. Read the article below and compare Mother Teresa’s
characteristics to your mother’s by writing a paragraph in the space provided
below. Use opinion marking signals.

How Mother Teresa Changed the World Through Charity

To most people, she is a role model of charity,
compassion, and selflessness. To the homeless and
destitute, she is the beacon that gives hope to their
desperate existence.
Dubbed as “The Living Saint,” Mother Teresa has,
without a doubt, made a massive impact on many people’s
lives. She changed the world and inspired a lot of people
in her way.
Her journey wasn’t easy, though. She was criticized and
humiliated, but that didn’t deter her. She continued to devote
her life to caring for the sick, poor, and disadvantaged. In the https://ofhsoupkitchen.org/mother-teresa-charity

process, she challenged stereotypes, broke boundaries, and

taught us the true essence of charity.

29
 My Mother, My Hero

__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________

LEARNING TASK 3. Read the article and fill in the graphic organizer that
follows.
Battle Between Jollibee and MCDO
The Menu
Both Jollibee and McDonald's have similar items on their menu, such as fried chicken, spaghetti,
hamburgers, and fries. However, they also offer unique items that the other restaurant does not have.
For instance, Jollibee has the exclusive Jolly Hotdog, along with other dishes like Lumpiang Shanghai,
Beef Tapa, Palabok, and Arroz Caldo. On the other hand, McDonald's offers their famous McNuggets, Twister
Fries, Hashbrown, and Fish Fillet burger that Jollibee doesn't have. These variations set them apart, but we will
focus more on their chicken, burgers, spaghetti, and fries.

Fried Chicken
When it comes to fried chicken, it may be challenging to distinguish between them at first glance. Both
restaurants offer drumstick, thigh, and wing parts. However, according to Mike Chen's Youtube Vlog comparing
Jollibee and McDonald's, McDonald's chicken has a saltier chicken skin, while Jollibee's Chickenjoy has the
perfect balance of real skin and breading, giving it a more flavorful taste.

Spaghetti
The spaghetti from these two fast-food restaurants may appear similar in appearance, but a noticeable
difference can be detected in their taste. According to Mike Chen's Youtube Vlog on Jollibee vs. McDonald's,
Jolly Spaghetti has a sweeter flavor compared to McSpaghetti. This distinction is likely due to Jollibee's origin
in the Philippines, where it is known for its "sweet Pinoy style" that caters to Filipino tastes.
Additionally, Mike mentions that McSpaghetti has a unique combination of sweetness and peppery
flavor, creating a balanced taste. In terms of sauce consistency, Jolly Spaghetti has a thicker sauce than
McSpaghetti. However, when it comes to taste balancing, McDonald's takes the lead.
Burger
Moving on to burgers, upon unwrapping and comparing the two, it is evident that the Yumburger
appears larger, bulkier, and heavier than the Burger McDo. According to the Caleon Twins' Youtube Vlog on
Jollibee vs. McDonald's, the Burger McDo maintains a better ratio between bun and patty, offering a more
balanced experience compared to the Yumburger, where the bun is larger than the patty.
30
 On the other hand, Youtuber Mike Chen highlights that the Yumburger's patty has a genuine beef
taste, while the Burger McDo has a grilled flavor. This round ends in a tie since both burgers are equally
appetizing and capable of satisfying a hungry stomach.

COMPARE AND CONTRAST

the article

Jollibee
JOLLIBEE MCDO
&
MCDO
Menu:______________ Menu:______________
_____________________ Menu:_________ _____________________
_____________________ ________________ _____________________
_____________________ ________________ _____________________
_____________________ ________________ _____________________
_____________________ ________________ _____________________
_____________________ ________________ _____________________
_____________________ ________________ _____________________
_____________________ ________________ _____________________
________________
Spaghetti:_________ ________________ Spaghetti:_________
_____________________ _____________________
_____________________ Spaghetti:_____ _____________________
_____________________ ________________ _____________________
_____________________ ________________ _____________________
_____________________ ________________ _____________________
_____________________ ________________ _____________________
_____________________ ________________ _____________________
_____________________ ________________ _____________________
_____________________ ________________ _____________________
_______________
Burger:____________ Burger:____________
_____________________ Burger:_______ _____________________
_____________________ ________________ _____________________
_____________________ ________________ _____________________
_____________________ ________________ _____________________
_____________________ ________________ _____________________
_____________________ ________________ _____________________
_____________________ ________________ _____________________
_____________________ _ _____________________
_____________________ _____________________
_ _
LEARNING TASK 4. Read the article and compare and contrast your
opinions with those presented in the text. Use opinion marking signals.

31
 The Difference Between Store-bought and Homemade Ice Cream

It’s delicious regardless, but there are some key differences.

When it comes to ice cream, we all have our favorite flavors! For some, that favorite
flavor might be a tried and true store-bought favorite from a particular brand. For others,
their favorite is from their local ice cream shop like Besties Ice Cream. Some still might
take it a step further and make their own favorite flavor of ice cream from the comfort of
their home.
Whichever category your favorite ice cream flavor falls into, there’s no denying that
the flavor profile and consistency can vary depending on where it originates. While the
differences between store-bought ice cream and homemade ice cream like you might
make at home or find in an ice cream shop are subtle, there are some variations. Different
types of ice cream appeal to different people for different reasons and there is absolutely
nothing wrong with that! Nevertheless, here are some of the reasons the two types of ice
cream differ:

INGREDIENTS
No matter what kind of ice cream is your favorite, it’s only as good as the ingredients
used to make it! Ice cream, like any other dessert recipe, combines many flavorful and
unique ingredients to create a delectable (and irresistible) treat. The ingredients used in
both homemade and store-bought ice cream start out the same, but there are some key
differences.
Most ice cream, whether store-bought or homemade, begins with whole milk, eggs,
and sugar. There are varying recipes that call for different amounts of these ingredients,
and, of course, some ice cream brands that create dairy-free options and utilize different
ingredients for those with dietary restrictions, but most ice cream starts here. When you’re
making homemade ice cream, recipes are usually not much more complicated than this,
and simply include additional ingredients to achieve some delicious flavors. With store-
bought ice cream, however, you may not always know what ingredients were combined to
make your tub of deliciousness.
Sure, the ingredients list is usually posted on the back of the carton of ice cream, but
many store-bought ice cream flavors are made with preservatives and chemicals that aren’t
exactly household staples. Conventional ice cream purchased at the grocery store may
contain chemical additives that homemade ice cream does not. These additives are used
to prolong the shelf life of store-bought ice cream and enhance the color and flavor. That
doesn’t mean, though, that they are always good for you or taste better than homemade
ice cream.

PREPARATION
Homemade ice cream and store-bought ice cream may have different ingredients,
but that’s not the only difference between the two types of our favorite dessert. One of the
other big differences is in how the ice cream itself is prepared.
Homemade ice cream and ice cream made in small batches at your local ice cream
parlor is made with care and attention to detail. Homemade ice cream is usually made by
hand in a small ice cream maker or using traditional methods that don’t involve machinery.
In contrast, store-bought ice cream is usually made by massive machines in a factory.

32
While not an inherently bad way to make ice cream, store-bought ice cream isn’t made with
the same level of care as homemade ice cream.
The different methods of preparation can also yield different results in the texture of
your ice cream. Store-bought ice cream, for example, is often airier than homemade ice
cream due to the way it is prepared. Your homemade ice cream, on the other hand, may
be creamier and smoother if whipped and blended by hand.

UNIQUE FLAVORS
The flavor options with both homemade and store-bought ice cream are almost
endless, depending, of course, on where you shop for your ice cream. These days, most
supermarkets have an endless array of ice cream flavors ranging from more specialty
brands with unique mix-ins and flavors to run-of-the-mill staples like vanilla or Neopolitan. If
you’re looking for a particularly unique or hard-to-find flavor, there are even ways to order
store-bought ice cream online or find smaller, specialized stores in your area that carry
your favorite ice cream brand and flavor.
When it comes to homemade ice cream, the sky’s the limit on flavor options. You
can experiment with homemade ice cream and make any flavor you can imagine! Some of
the more unique flavors you might try include matcha, earl grey tea, or ginger, but, again,
no need to limit your imagination. Similarly, when it comes to homemade-style ice cream at
your favorite ice cream store, you can try a variety of unique flavors such as oatmeal
cookie or pear-flavored ice cream.

COST
The final notable difference between store-bought ice cream and homemade ice
cream is cost. Cost is a little bit trickier to calculate because it depends on the brand and
type of ice cream you are purchasing in the store, plus the ingredients needed to make
homemade ice cream. There are differences, though, in cost, even for the most basic of ice
cream flavors like vanilla. More often than not, homemade ice cream is a bit cheaper to
prepare. There is a factor that doesn’t calculate into cost, however, and that’s convenience.
Purchasing store-bought ice cream is much simpler and takes up less of your time than
making homemade ice cream. Sure, the cost might be cheaper when just comparing
ingredients, but it’s undoubtedly easier to open a carton of store-bought ice cream than to
make your own at home. Because of this, there are both pros and cons to keep in mind
when debating whether purchasing store-bought ice cream is truly more expensive than
making ice cream at home.
So there you have it! The differences between store-bought and homemade ice
cream. While ice cream tastes delicious either way, it’s always helpful to know the
differences between the two types of ice cream out there when making a decision about
your next scoop. There are definitely some differences in the cost, flavor, preparation, and
ingredients of store-bought versus homemade ice cream, but at the end of the day eating a
scoop of your favorite ice cream flavor is sure to bring a smile to your face regardless of
how it was made.
https://bestiesicecream.com/blog

Comparison Contrast

33
 1. 1.

2. 2.

3. 3.

Posttest
Choose the letter of the best answer.
1. It refers to a view or judgment formed in the mind about a particular topic or issue.
a. fact b. opinion c. comparison d. contrast
2. It is stating an opinion about agreeing to the opinion or stand towards certain issues
presented by the author in the text you read.
a. fact b. opinion c. comparison d. contrast
3. It means disagreeing with the opinion or stand of the writer on specific issues.
a. fact b. opinion c. comparison d. contrast
4. The following are expressions used in making comparisons, EXCEPT:
a. Yes, I agree. b. both c. like d. while
5. The following are expressions used in contrasting, EXCEPT:
a. one difference b. conversely
c. another difference d. similarly
6. In the old times, teenagers could get married at the age of 15 ______________
nowadays, it is illegal. Which expression best fits the sentence?
a. in like manner b. in contrast c. similarly d. likewise
7. Vacuum sealing and dry salting are _____________ food preservation methods which
are used until today. Which expression best fits the sentence?
a. one similarity b. both c. like d. while

For items 8-9 Read the article and answer the questions below.

Hardware and Performance of Samsung and Vivo

Vivo and Samsung have a toe-to-toe battle if we talk about the hardware. They both
manage to score points in different areas while failing in some. If we talk about processors,
Vivo usually relies on Snapdragon and Mediatek. Samsung uses Snapdragon in some
devices but mainly features its own Exynos processors in most of its devices. The Exynos
processors in flagship devices perform great but in budget-oriented segments, Vivo
provides better performance. The Vivo devices are also better at gaming than Samsung if
we exclude the flagships. Samsung has an upper hand in CPUs and their devices work
better for regular use and multitasking.
Both the brands boast amazing cameras as well. Vivo wins in front camera with
ease but the rear is usually a hit-or-miss. In overall camera performance, Samsung gets
the win.
8. What is the topic discussed?
34
 a. Samsung and Vivo
b. Hardware of Samsung
c. Performance of Samsung and Vivo
d. Hardware and Performance of Samsung and Vivo
9. Which is true about the article?
a. Vivo uses Exynos processor.
b. Samsung is better in gaming compared to Vivo.
c. Vivo devices work better for regular use and multitasking.
d. Samsung has a better camera compared to Vivo.
10. You plan to purchase a new phone and your friend refers you to buy Vivo. Which of the
following phrases will you use if you disagree?
a. I couldn’t agree more! b. I see exactly what you mean!
c. You’re right. That’s a good point. d. I’m not sure about that!

COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING TASKS 2.5

MELC 5: Recognize positive and negative messages conveyed in a text
Code: EN8RC-IIIg-3.1.12
Pretest
35
 Choose the letter of the best answer.
1. These are messages that provide good news, acceptance, or congratulations.
a. positive B. negative c. fact d. opinion
2. These are messages that express refusing requests and delivering bad news.
a. Positive b. negative c. fact d. opinion
3. Which of the following sentences expresses a positive message?
a. What! How can you do that to me?
b. Oh! I’m happy for you Laika.
c. Why are you absent yesterday?
d. I don’t agree with what he is saying.
4. The following express positive messages, EXCEPT:
a. If I could turn back time, I won’t do that again.
b. Congratulations! You topped the exam.
c. Oh! how sweet of you to do that.
d. Is this true mom? Did you get me a new phone?
5. Which of the following words does not belong to the group?
a. open-minded b. proactive c. selfish d. optimistic
6. Analyze the picture. Choose the best message it conveys?

a. Plants need water to grow.

b. When you plant a seed, it will grow.
c. Seeds need the proper temperature, moisture, air,
and light conditions to germinate.
d. In life, you need to experience different stages to
grow.
7. Read the article below and choose which sentence expresses a negative message.
(1.)Mental health is a state of well-being in which an individual realizes his or
her abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively, and is
able to make a contribution to his or her community. (2.) Conditions such as stress,
depression, and anxiety can all affect mental health and disrupt a person’s routine.
(3.) Mental health is about not only avoiding active conditions but also looking after
ongoing wellness and happiness. (4.) They also emphasize that preserving and
restoring mental health is crucial on an individual basis, as well as throughout
different communities and societies the world over.
Source: Medical News Today
a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4
8-10. Construct three sentences expressing positive or negative message based on the
given topics below.
Teenage pregnancy Artificial Intelligence Social Media

8.______________________________________________________________________.
9.______________________________________________________________________.
10. ____________________________________________________________________ .

36
 The act of reading involves active thinking. As readers engage with a text, they draw
upon their prior knowledge or personal experiences to make sense of the information
presented. By utilizing their background knowledge and critical thinking skills, readers can
comprehend the text and discern positive and negative messages conveyed within it.
Positive messages are forms of communication that convey good news,
acceptance, or congratulations. These messages are often straightforward to compose, as
the reader is typically expected to be receptive to the information being shared. They
typically follow a direct pattern, where the main idea is stated first, followed by an
explanation.
On the other hand, negative messages take a more direct approach. These
messages often involve refusing requests or delivering unfavorable news. Composing
negative messages can be challenging because the audience is being informed of
something they do not want to hear.
The key distinction between these types of messages lies in the presence of
optimism in positive messages and its absence in negative messages. However, both
types of messages serve the common purpose of disseminating information and promoting
its understanding and acceptance by the reader.

LEARNING TASK 1. Sort the following words into positive or negative

categories.

love hatred development death reward

flourish degrade fight friends enemies favorite absent
failure educate

PPOSITIVEPOIV PNEGATIVEPOI
1. _________________ 1. _________________

2. _________________ 2. _________________

3. _________________ 3. _________________

4. _________________ 4. _________________

5. _________________ 5. _________________

6. _________________ 6. _________________
LEARNING TASK 2. Read and analyze the texts. Write POSITIVE if it
7. _________________
conveys7.good
_________________
news and NEGATIVE if it conveys bad news.

______________1. Brother will visit us soon.

______________2. Cabatuan NCHS is a famous school.
37
______________3. In their family, he is the only survivor of Typhoon Odette.
______________4. Father left us when I was ten years old.
______________5. The officer on duty abused the prisoner.
______________6. I was amazed while watching her Tiktok performance.
______________7. The teacher is doing her best to teach us.
______________8. The snake bit my puppy.
______________9. I am a fan of BTS.
______________10. I can never forgive you!
______________11. Mathematics challenges me.
______________12. I don’t like to eat lettuce.
______________13. Aidan is a consistent honor student in his class.
______________14. Sorry, I can’t let go of you.
______________15. Science makes our life easier.

LEARNING TASK 3. Read and analyze the text and pick out words or
phrases expressing positive or negative message. Then, explain the meaning it
connotes. Write your answer on the table below.
THE PROS AND CONS OF TIK TOK
Tik Tok is a popular app that delivers interesting and unique special effects to create
wonderful short-duration videos. It is a homemade application developed by China.
Teenagers are extremely crazy for this application. This has led to addiction in them and a
few other issues too. Let’s analyse the good and bad sides of Tik Tok.

Wholesome entertainment
While many argue that social media outlets, such as TikTok, can be distracting for
children, we can’t deny that TikTok serves as a great form of entertainment. With this
application, they can dance, expand their friend’s network and hone their creative skills
too. TikTok is full of comedy sketches, duets, and interesting dances, all of which are very
amusing for kids. The developers of this application claim it to be suitable for people aged
12 and older.

Instant publicity
TikTok provides an awesome platform to people who wish to become famous
among people without having any specialized skills or talents. Also, It is a widely-known
fact by now that TikTok creators are among the top paid in the influencer world. Not only do
you get to be creative using minimal technology, but you also could potentially earn an
income from it. Currently, there are dedicated TikTok scouting agencies, dedicated TikTok
creator houses, and a whole set of sponsors waiting to show off their products to their
target audiences through this platform. Although only a small percentage of users get to
this point, there’s always a chance.
Learning new things:
Since there’s a wide range of skills and knowledge that are shared on Tik Tok, you
can acquire new daily information on the things that interest you. That could also be a
problem since young teens could be learning things that are way too mature for their age.

38
Cause nuisance
The app was made to provide innocent fun, but the outcome is anything but fun for
the parents of the kids that are on there. Tik Tok has caused many children to be
dependent on it and even borderline addicted. It has slowly become the requirement of
every teen.

Waste of time
This application is seen to be a time-waster. Some creators of this app can spend
hours planning and scripting a single video. The time they put in creating these videos
when invested in learning any new skill or knowledge can prove to be a lot more
advantageous to them in the future. These apps bring nothing to their brain’s personal
development.

Used as a harassment tool

Some people use this application to make fun of people, communities, religion, etc.
It has been no more than a source of harmless fun. TikTok application is also used by
people as a means to portray others in a bad light. Recently, a video clip was posted to the
app in which a man is seen committing suicide. The video was shared on Facebook, but
was shared in huge numbers on Tik Tok. There are also many false claims made about
people that have ended their careers and had a major impact on their social and personal
life. Be careful out there!

Inadequate content
While the platform is working hard on mitigating issues concerning sexual predators
reaching out to underaged kids, this issue is still prevalent on TikTok. When these mature
individuals send explicit messages and images to children, it becomes
problematic. Parents are worried about the inappropriate content on the app. Looking at
the privacy risks and mature content, the age limit to use this application should be a
minimum of sixteen years. There have been numerous instances where parents had to
report predatory behavior to the police.
There’s also the major point that teens as young as 12 years old are singing and
dancing along to beats of sexually explicit lyrics.
All in all, Tik Tok can be harmless if used within boundaries and with content
restrictions. Just be careful out there! The wide web can be a beautiful place but can also
be very very dark.
Source: http://www.cnlc.ca/the-pros-and-cons-of-tik-tok/

Positive words or Negative words or

phrases Meaning phrases Meaning

1. 1.

39
2. 2.

3. 3.

4. 4.

LEARNING TASK 4. Given the pictures below list down three (3) positive
and three (3) negative messages they convey.

https://commons.wikimedia.org/ https://commons.wikimedia.org/

https://commons.wikimedia.org/ https://commons.wikimedia.org/

https://www.facebook.com/PanayNews/posts

Positive Messages Negative Messages

1. 1.

2. 2.

40
 3. 3.

LEARNING TASK 5. Read the history of Cabatuan, Iloilo and complete the
concept map by filling in positive and negative messages from the text.
Towns people believed that Cabatuan could have gotten its name from three words in the local
dialect describing certain facets of prehistoric Cabatuan. The name might have evolved from (1)
CaBatuan which means a large area of rocks (2) Batuan which means to fight, defy, or oppose, and
(3) Batu-an a sour-fruit-bearing evergreen tree that grew abundantly in the region. Another theory,
however, suggests that the name was derived from "naga-batu" (fighting or opposing) which is used to
describe a creek in the town that flowed from east to west opposite to that of the usual flows of the rivers
in the region.
The town of Cabatuan was first noted for the "Sinulugans" or hillside tribesmen who annually
practice the art of "Sinulog" or Dance of Death characterized by sword fighting rituals. "Tulisanes" and
Rustlers also inhabit the place before the Spaniards came in 1732.
The town was founded on April 9, 1732, after a molave cross (with only its base currently
existing) was planted on the peak of Pamul-ogan Hill. It was originally planned by Tono whose statue
now stands in front of the Municipal Building. He was then a town leader together with two other leaders
Gomoc and Amihan. This early settlement was then flourishing on a level zone of land near the northern
bank of the Tigum River where the poblacion or the commercial center of the town is now located.
In 1733, Cabatuan was officially organized upon the installation of Rev. Fr. Antonio Lopez as its
first priest and Tono as its first "gobernadorcillo". Furthermore, the town was placed by the priest under
the spiritual protection of Saint Nicholas de Tolentino whom Cabatuananons venerate as their Patron
Saint whose feast is celebrated from September 1–10 every year through a 10-day celebration that is
grandiosely culminated on September 10 by the highly anticipated Tinuom Festival patterned from
Iloilo's Kasadyahan Festival.
In 1903, after the census had been taken, the neighbouring town of Maasin, with a population of
8401, was temporarily annexed to Cabatuan that had a population of 16,497.
During the Second World War, Cabatuan officially became the last defense of Western Visayas
against the Japanese forces which led to the destruction of most of its edifices.
Lt. Col. Ryoichi Tozuka, the commander of the Imperial Japanese Army in Panay Island, signed
the document of surrender at Cabatuan Airfield located in Cabatuan, Iloilo, Panay Island, Philippines, on
September 2, 1945, the same day as the surrender signing in Japan aboard the U.S.S. Missouri. This
was accepted by Col. Raymond G. Stanton, commanding the 160th U.S. Infantry regiment, and was
attended by Rear Admiral Ralph O. Davis, commanding the U.S. Navy's 13th Amphibious Group, and by
Brig. Gen. Donald J. Myers, commanding the 40th Infantry Division. The 13th Amphibious Group was
tasked to transport the 40th U.S. Infantry Division to Korea.
-Cabatuan Historical Society

41
Posttest
Choose the letter of the best answer.
1. These are messages that provide good news, acceptance, or congratulations.
a. positive b. negative c. fact d. opinion
2. These are messages that express refusing requests and delivering bad news.
b. positive b. negative c. fact d. opinion
3. Which of the following sentences expresses a positive message?
a. What! How can you do that to me?
b. Oh! I’m happy for you Laika.
c. Why are you absent yesterday?
d. I don’t agree with what he is saying.
4. The following express positive messages, EXCEPT:
a. If I could turn back time, I won’t do that again.
b. Congratulations! You topped the exam.
c. Oh! how sweet of you to do that.
d. Is this true mom? Did you get me a new phone?
5. Which of the following words does not belong to the group?
a. open-minded b. proactive c. selfish d. optimistic
6. Analyze the picture. Choose the best message it conveys?

a. Plants need water to grow.

b. When you plant a seed, it will grow.
c. Seeds need the proper temperature, moisture, air, and
light conditions to germinate.
d. In life, you need to experience different stages to grow.

7. Read the article below and choose which sentence expresses a negative message.
(1.)Mental health is a state of well-being in which an individual realizes his or
her abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively, and is
able to make a contribution to his or her community. (2.) Conditions such as stress,
depression, and anxiety can all affect mental health and disrupt a person’s routine.
(3.) Mental health is about not only avoiding active conditions but also looking after
42
 ongoing wellness and happiness. (4.) They also emphasize that preserving and
restoring mental health is crucial on an individual basis, as well as throughout
different communities and societies the world over.
Source: Medical News Today

b. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4
8-10. Construct three sentences expressing positive or negative message based on the
given topics below.
Teenage pregnancy Face to face classes Planting trees

8.______________________________________________________________________.
9.______________________________________________________________________.
10. ____________________________________________________________________ .

REFERENCES

Braga, A. (2023). The pros and cons of Tik Tok. http://www.cnlc.ca/the-pros-and-cons-of-

tik-tok/
Dela Cruz, E., Flores, M., & Ladera, H. (2000). New Horizons in Learning English. Rex
Bookstore, Inc.

43
Dela Cruz, E., Flores, M., & Ladera, H. (2008). Ventures in Communication. Rex
Bookstore, Inc.
Felman, A. (2020). Mental Health. Medical News Today.
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/reviewers/timothy-j-legg-phd-crnp
Litell, M. (2008). Grammar for Writing. Houghton Mifflin Company.
Moreno, M.M. N. (2020). PIVOT 4A learner’s material: Quarter 2 English (1st ed.).
Department of Education Region IV-A CALABARZON. Print.
Murphy, R. & Smalzer, W. (2015). Basic Grammar in Use (2nd ed.) Jemma, Inc.
Palomar, L.A. & Palomar, M.J.E. (2016). Interactive English. Jemma, Inc.
Regalado, M. (2017) Learning Competencies in English National Test Reviewer.
Untivero, D. 2021. Bayanihan and More.https://www.tatlerasia.com/culture/arts/five-filipino-
traditions.
Rifai, G. (2017).10 Customs Only Jordanians Can Understand.
https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/jordan/articles/10-customs-only-jordanians-
can-understand/
http://cabatuan.com/iloiloairport.html, Retrieved on September 19, 2023.
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/87873223.cms?utm_source=contentofintere
st&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst, Retrieved November 23, 2021.

44