Research I
possible or countable values (whole numbers).
Quarter 1 - Module 7: Organizing & Graphing Data
MELC: Be familiar with the different ways on how to explain
and organize data using graphs and charts.
I. Identify the independent and dependent variables in each
scenario. Write your answer on the space provided.
1. Whenever David goes to a convenient store, he brings shopping bags from
home. He always based the number of bags to be used on the grocery
items he listed.
IV: __________________________________________________
DV: _________________________________________________
2. Esther changes the number of hours she studies for a test because she
wants to see how it affects her test score.
IV: _________________________________________________
DV: _________________________________________________
II. Read each statement carefully. Determine which of the following
statements are quantitative and which are qualitative. Write QLT if it is
Qualitative and QNT if it is Quantitative.
1. The mass of the beaker was 200 g.
2. The sceneries in most cemeteries look terrifying and hair-raising.
3. The sonar frequency most often used by dolphins is around 100kHz.
4. As the temperature increases, the size of the balloon also increases.
5. The rock sample that was found near the river contained 25 grams of
gold.
Data is another word for bits of facts, measurements, observations, and
description of things collected together for reference and analysis.
Classification of data
A. Qualitative data measures descriptive information based on some
characteristic.
B. Quantitative data measures value or count and often expressed
using numbers.
Two categories of quantitative data
Discrete data are counted data which has finite number of
Example: number of votes in an election, number of
students in class
Continuous data are measured data which has an infinite number
of possible values (fractions or decimals).
Example: mass, weight, temperature, volts of electricity
INTRODUCTION TO GRAPHS
Graphs
 are visual representations of the relationship between two or more
variables in a given data set.
 It is an effective tool which help the readers picture out the
information recorded in a data table.
 Different situations call for different types of graphs.
 The type of data often determines what graph is appropriate to use.
Most graphs have five major parts:
1. Title
 Depicts what the graph is about.
 Summarizes the information represented in any graph.
 It is usually found at the top of the graph.
2. Independent Variable.
 It is the variable manipulated by the experimenter and placed
on the X-axis.
3. Dependent Variable.
 It is the variable directly affected by the independent variable and
placed on the Y-axis.
4. Scale for each variable.
 It is used to connect the independent and dependent
variables. plot points that are equidistant so that the graph is
accurate.
5. Legend.
 A short description about the graph’s data. If graphing multiple
subjects, use different colored or patterned lines and explain what
they are.
NOTE: Scale doesn’t always have to start at zero, but it must be consistent.
If you start off making each box worth 10 cm, each subsequent box
must also be 10 cm.
Always use a pencil to draw your graph to easily erase mistakes
and draw lines with a ruler. Do not freehand.

Step 2: Determine a scale.

TYPES OF GRAPHS
One of the main purposes of graphing is to present the changes
and relationships of data in a most attractive, effective, and
comprehensive view. Graphs are of three basic types: bar graphs, line
graphs, and pie graphs or charts.
Select evenly spaced intervals that include all of your data. When you label
the axes, be sure to write the appropriate units where they apply. You
can start with 1 box = 1 unit. The following questions will guide you in
scaling: What is the length (or height) of the longest bar? Will it fit? If not,
change the scale and try again.

A. BAR GRAPH
 useful tool in comparing different items in a related category
 ideal for showing information that reflect quantities or the frequency of
things, such as kinds of fruits, number of children, or people’s favorite
brands
 It displays discrete data and can have horizontal or vertical bars.

Example: The table below shows the result of a survey to Grade 12

students asking them about their favorite Science-Fiction (Sci-Fi) movies.

Here are the steps in constructing a bar graph.

Step 1: Find the independent and dependent variable.
Independent variable: Sci-Fi movie, place it on the X-axis (horizontal)
Dependent variable: Number of students, place it on the Y-axis (vertical) Step 3: Label the graph.
Mark each rectangle along the scale. Make sure to double check your
numbers to ensure accuracy. Then decide how wide each bar should be.
How much space will you allow between each bar?

Step 4: Draw the bars. B. LINE GRAPH

After marking where each bar starts, you may now start drawing the bars
using ruler and pencil.
Line graph is the type of graph that best shows relationship and trend
between two variables because it visibly depicts how one variable is
affected by the other as it increases or decreases. It can also be used to
compare changes over the same period of time for more than one group.
Example: The table below shows the forecasted temperatures in Baguio
City for the next 7 days,
in degree Celsius.

Step 5: Title of the graph.

The title should explain the relationship between variables. Write a good
title of what your graph is all about.
Here are the steps in constructing a line graph.
C. PIE GRAPH/CHART
 most commonly known as pie chart is best to use when comparing
parts of a whole.
 Pie graph is circular in form and is divided into sectors. Each sector
represents a category.
 Similar with bar and line graph, pie graph has independent and
dependent variable.
 The independent variable is the slice of pie (sector) it represents and
the dependent variable is the size of the pie slice (sector) written in
percentage.
 Example:

A survey was conducted at

Prenza National High School to
know the music preferences of
500 students in Junior High
School. Create a pie graph to
visualize the data.
 DR. FELIPE DE JESUS NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL c) Which course is the least popular? ___________
Agnaya, Plaridel, Bulacan d) A new course is added; forensic science has 160 students enrolled. Add
SECOND QUARTER this bar to the graph shown.
RESEARCH I
ORGANIZING AND GRAPHING DATA 4. This line graph compares the growth of plants that were kept in the
Name: ____________________________________ Score: ______________ sun for different amounts of time.
Section: ___________________ Date: _______________
Interpreting Graphs a) On
Day
1. Mrs. Pabia’s class grades were graphed as a pie graph. Based on this 7, the
graph:
a) The largest percentage of students received
what grade? ____
b) Estimate what percentage of the class received
a B. ____
c) Estimate what percentage of the class received
an A. ____
d) Based on the graph, do you think Mr. M’s
class is difficult? Why or why not? plants kept in the sun for 3 hours were how tall? _________
2. The scatter plot shows a bus stop where those waiting at the bus are b) On Day 7, the plants kept in the sun for 6 hours were how tall?
plotted by their height and by their age. Identify which dot goes with _________
which passenger. c) On Day 10, the plants kept in the sun for 9 hours were how tall?
________
d) On Day 11, the plant that was grown with 1 hour of sunlight was how
tall? ________
e) Based on the graph, the plant grows best in what amount of sunlight?
__________

5. The line graph shows the

number of worms collected and
their lengths.

3. The bar graph compares the number of students enrolled in classes.

a) What length of worm is most
common? _________
b) What was the longest worm
found? _______
c) How many worms were 6 cm
long? _______
d) How many worms were 7.25 cm long? _______
e) The peak of the curve represents the [ longest worms/ average
worms]
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Yo-hNYk3ZYVvl1p4lFxyggCi8l603evEliw2AGz2Khk/edit
a) What class has the highest enrollment? ____________ DR. FELIPE DE JESUS NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
b) How many students are enrolled in Chemistry? _____ Anatomy? ____
 Agnaya, Plaridel, Bulacan
SECOND QUARTER D. A survey was conducted around 300 Junior High School students and
ACTIVITY 1 IN RESEARCH I asked what is their favorite subject. Create a pie graph to display
ORGANIZING AND GRAPHING DATA the data.
Name: ____________________________________ Score: ______________
Section: ___________________ Date: _______________

A. Classify the following random data as discrete or continuous. Write D if

it is discrete and C if it is continuous.
__1. foot length __6. shoe size
__2. children per family __7. students in a class
__3. weight of your sister __8. temperature of a cup of coffee
__4. height of your classmates __9. the number or words in a book
__5. distance travelled to school __10. number of applicants for a job

B. Analyze the vertical bar graph below and label each part.

1. What is the appropriate title for this graph?

_______________________________________________________________
2. Why might pie graphs be a less exact way of displaying data than bar
graphs?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

C. From the following descriptions below, identify the type of graph that
would be most appropriate. Write BG if it is a bar graph, LG for line
graph, and PG if it is pie graph. Write your answer on the space
provided.
________1. A graph showing the percentage of what mode of
transportation is used to get to and from the school.
________2. A graph showing the number of households who prefer
coconut oil or palm oil in cooking.
________3. A graph showing the number of jumping jacks done each day
during a one-month training program in the gym.
________4. A graph showing your weight changes over time while enrolling
in a diet program for six months.
________5. A graph showing the pulse rate in beats per minute (BPM)
while performing an exercise routine.