1 Module 1 | Presentation of Data

Lesson 2: PRESENTATION OF DATA

SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES

In this lesson, you are expected to:
• identify the different types of graphs;
• identify various types of graphs and charts;
• demonstrate comprehension of charts and graphs by correctly answering comprehension questions;
• correctly match appropriate chart or graph as evidence to a claim;
• create your own chart or graph to visually demonstrate information using excel; and
• fill-up the KWL chart as reflective learning on what you know, what you wonder and what have your
learned happened during placement.

PRE-ASSESSMENT
Instruction: Read, analyse and answer each of the following questions. Encircle the letter of your
correct answer.
1. Which graph can be useful in predicting future events when they show trends over time.
a. Bar graph c. Pictogram
b. Histogram d. Line graph

2. A special kind of bar graph that uses bars to represent the frequency of numerical data that have been
organized into intervals.
a. Histogram c. Pie chart
b. Bar graph d. Cartogram

3. Look at the bar graph on the right. Can you tell what the bar graph measures?
A. Kilowatts used by appliances.
B. Hours appliance used per day
C. Total electricity per year
D. Hours appliance used monthly

4. Which appliances are used for an average of 5 hours a day more on

weekends than on weekdays?
A. Lights and television
B. Television and other
C. Lights and heater
D. Heater and computer

5. Look at the pie chart on the right. Tina spends a larger percentage of her
day on ________ than she does sleeping.
2 Module 1 | Presentation of Data

A. Childcare C. Work
B. Travel D. Meals

6. Childcare and ________ combined take up more than 50% of Tina’s time each day.
A. Work C. Meals
B. Sleep D. Travel

7. From the table on the right, what information can you get about the election
results? Which candidate was more popular among men than women?
A. Jones D. Shen
B. Smith
C. Lopez

The daily high temperatures for Gotham City in the month of January were recorded and graphed. Use the
graph to answer the questions.
8. Which of these statements about Gotham City’s high January
temperatures is true?
a. In January, Gotham City’s high temperatures went above 12°C four
times.
b. In January, Gotham City’s high temperature was usually below freezing.
c. In January, Gotham City’s high temperature did not go below freezing.
d. In January, Gotham City’s climate is tropical.

9.Which of these days had the highest temperature?

a. January 2 b. January 17 c. January 15 d. January 30

French's Restaurant opened in 2008. The pictograph below shows how many customers they have had each
year since they opened.

for 500 customers

10. How many more customers did French's have in 2010 than in 2008?
a) 2,500 more customers c) 4,500 more customers
b) 3,500 more customers d) 5,000 more customers
3 Module 1 | Introduction to Statistics

LESSON MAP

Tabular

Textual Graphical

Presentation
of Data

Figure 1. This figure shows the presentation of data, you would be able to learn and
tackled all about textual, tabular, and graphical methods.

CORE CONTENTS

ENGAGE: INVESTIGATING LIFE SPAN

Activity 1: Investigate Me!
Instruction: The table below lists the average life span of different kinds of animals. In the space provided,
make a bar graph illustrating this information. Then, answer the questions that follow.
AVERAGE LIFE SPAN OF ANIMAL (IN YEARS)
ANIMALS LIFE SPAN
Buffalo 10
Elephant 60
Grizzly bear 20
Hippopotamus 40
Jaguar 14
Monkey 15
Squirrel 9
Wolf 12
Zebra 22
Human 75
4 Module 1 | Introduction to Statistics

Guide Questions:
1. Which animal shown in the graph usually has the longest life span? ____________________________
2. Which animal generally lives to an older age, a jaguar or a wolf? ______________________________
3. Suppose you are a scientist studying relationships between animals parents and their offspring. You want
to observe many generations of the animals family. Which of the animals shown in the graph would be best
suited to your observations? Which would be least suited? Explain your answer.
____________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
4. Is there a relationship between the life span of a animals and its size? Explain your answer.
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________

EXPLORE: PRESENTING DIFFERENT GRAPHS AND CHARTS

Activity 2: Read Me!
INSTRUCTIONS: Read each concept below and understand the thought about textual, tabular and graphical
presentation.
A. PRESENTATION OF DATA
Statistical data collected should be arranged in such a manner that will allow a reader to distinguish
their essential features. Depending on the type of information and the objectives of the person presenting the
information, data may be presented using one or more combination of three forms: textual, tabular, and
graphical.
Forms of Presentation of Data
➢ Textual
➢ Tabular
➢ Graphical
❖ Line graph
❖ Bar graph
❖ Pie chart or Circle graph
5 Module 1 | Introduction to Statistics

❖ Pictogram or Picture graph

❖ Cartogram or Map Graph
❖ Scatter Point Diagram
TEXTUAL. This form of presentation combines text and numerical facts in a statistical report.
Example. Of the 150 sample interviewed, the following complaints were noted: 27 for lack of books in the
library, 25 for a dirty playground, 20 for lack of laboratory equipment, 17 for now well maintained university
buildings.

TABULAR. This form is the most commonly used form for presenting research results. Better than textual
form because it provides numerical facts in a more concise and systematic manner.

Figure 1. COVID- 19 Case Bulletin. Retrieved from https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1106980

GRAPHICAL PRESENTATION. This form is the most effective means of organizing and presenting
statistical data because the important relationship are brought out more clearly and creatively in virtually solid
and colorful figures.
Line graph
- show trends over time.
- are useful for showing achievement gap data, as the gaps are evident
- suited for presenting the relationship between two sets of quantities.

Figure 2. National Cases, deaths and recoveries. Retrieved from https://www.inkl.com/glance/news/ph-sees-

flattening-of-coronavirus-curve-ateneo-expert?section=lead-stories
Bar graph
- generally used for discrete (discontinuous) data such as frequency distribution and percentage data
- consists of bars or rectangles of equal widths, either drawn vertically or horizontally.
6 Module 1 | Introduction to Statistics

Figure 3. Status breakdown of coronavirus

Histogram
- graphical representation that organizes a group of data points into user-specified ranges.
- similar in appearance to a bar graph.
- condenses a data series into an easily interpreted visual by taking many data points and grouping
them into logical ranges or bins.

Figure 4. Disability distribution. Retrieved from https://psa.gov.ph/ndps/disability-survey-id/138567

Pie or circle charts

- represent portions of whole
- represents relationships of the different components of a single total as revealed in the sectors of a
circle.

Figure 5. More than half of Covid-19 cases in W. Visayas recover. Retrieved from
https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1102920
7 Module 1 | Introduction to Statistics

Picture Graph or Pictogram

- It is visual presentation of statistical quantities by means of drawing pictures or symbols related to
the subject under study.
- Legends are sometimes used to represent magnitude of a single unit of the picture

Figure 6. Varieties of apples

Map Graph
- It is one of the best ways to present geographical data.
- This kind of graph is always accompanied by a legend which tells us the meaning of the lines, colors
or other symbols used.

Figure 7. Land Utilization. Retrieved from

http://www.theworkofgodschildren.org/collaboration/index.php?title=File:Philippines_Land_Utilization_Map_1973

Scatter Point Diagram

- It is graphical device to show the relationship between two quantitative variables.
- Unlike the line graph, the plotted points for every pair of X and Y set of quantities are not connected
by line segments but are simply scattered.
8 Module 1 | Introduction to Statistics

Figure 7. Median Household Income.

Retrieved from Data from US Census Bureau and NYC Health (updated May 18, 2020).

TECH NOTES: You may click the link below for your own perusal.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uHRqkGXX55I

Computer Applications in constructing charts using excel will be presented. It shows how to
start with an excel program to facilitate the graph.

EXPLAIN: JUSTIFYING MY PRESENTATION

Activity 3: Let me Explain!
INSTRUCTIONS: From the concept of tabular and graphical presentation, explain the given questions
comprehensively.
1. Compare and contrast between the textual, tabular and graphical presentation?
2. In your point of view, how textual, tabular and graphical method applied in your field and how importance
it is?
3. Explain and elaborate: “Graphical displays can truly be worth a thousand words”.

TOPIC SUMMARY
In this lesson, you have learned that …
✓ Forms of presentation of data: Textual, tabular and graphical presentation.
✓ There are different kinds of graphs/ charts: Line graph, bar graph, pie chart, picture graph, map graph
and scatter point diagram.

REFERENCES

Altares, P.; Copo, A.;et al (2012). Elementary Statistics with Computer Applications. Rex Book
Store.
Angeles, F.; Evangelista, Y.;et al (2005). Simplified Approach to Statistics. Mutya Publishing
House, Inc.
Johnson, R.; Kuby, P. (2013). Statistics Second Edition. Cengage Learning.
Parreno, E.; Jimenez, R. (2006). Basic Statistics a Worktext. C & E Publishing Inc..
http://gsp.humboldt.edu/OLM/Courses/GSP_510/Q-2g-A-Guide-to-Sampling-Techniques-WF.pdf