Learning Activity Sheet

Week 3

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION V - BICOL
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF LEGAZPI CITY

MATHEMATICS 7
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET 3
◄ GRAPHS ▶
NAME OF LEARNER: _____________________________________________________ SCORE: _______________
LEARNING AREA, GRADE-LEVEL AND SECTION: _____________________________ DATE: ________________

A. MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY:

At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
➢ Use appropriate graphs to represent organized data: pie chart, bar graph, line graph, histogram and
ogive. [M7SP-IVd-e1]

Graphs are important in Statistics. Although tables are also useful for summarizing a lot of data concisely, clearly and
accurately, sometimes, you want to get the overall message or information behind those data as quick as possible. That’s
why you can simply use graphs. A graph is a visual representation of a set of values in relation to another set. There are
3 common types of graphs/charts; pie chart, bar graph, and line graph, which are used to represent an organized data.

PIE CHART (sometimes called CIRCLE GRAPH)

A pie chart is a circle divided into parts or sectors that are proportional to the size of the corresponding
frequencies or percentages.
To get the angle of each sector or the central angle 𝑨𝑪 , we use
𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 (𝑓)
𝑨𝑪 = × 360° or 𝑨𝑪 = 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 (𝑷) × 360°
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 (𝑁)
Example 1:
The table below shows how much Pablo spends his time on everyday activities in the current situation due to CoVid-
19.
ACTIVITIES HOURS SPENT PERCENTAGE CENTRAL
(𝒇) (𝑷) ANGLE (𝑨𝑪 )
House chores 4 4/24=17% 0.17×360˚ =60˚
Studying 6 6/24=25% 0.25×360˚ =90˚
Leisure/Fun 1.5 1.5/24=6% 0.07×360˚ =22.5˚
Family Bonding 2 2/24=8% 0.08×360˚ =30˚
Health/Recreation 2.5 2.5/24=10% 0.10×360˚ =37.5˚
Rest/Sleep 8 8/24=33% 0.33×360˚ =120˚
TOTAL (N)=24 100% 360˚
To present this data in a pie chart, we need to follow these steps:
1. Draw a circle.
2. Starting with the part having the largest angle at the top going counterclockwise, divide the circle into sectors
with the angles found on the side of the table from the given data.
3. Label each of the sectors with corresponding activities on the table.

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Guide Questions:
1. How many activities are presented in the pie chart? There are 6 activities.
2. Of the following activities, which of them did he spent most of his time? least time spent?
He spent most of his time on rest or sleep while he spent the least on leisure/fun.
3. What is the importance of pie chart in your daily routine?
It gives an insight about how much time I have spent already on different everyday activities.

BAR GRAPH
A bar graph is a graph which uses horizontal or vertical bars to represent data. The length of a bar represents
a quantity. It is used to make direct visual comparison of data.
In a bar graph, the vertical line is called the scale of the bar graph. The bars should be of the same width and
should have even spaces in between them.
Example 2:
In January 2019, there were 74 850 000 Facebook users in the Philippines.

TITLE

Guide Questions:
1. Which sex group is composed of majority of the Facebook users in the Philippines?
Majority of the Facebook users are WOMEN with 52.6% of the total or 39,371,100.
2. Which age group of Facebook users is the largest?
People of age 18 to 24 - 33.4% or 24 999 900 is the largest age group of Facebook users.
3. Which age group has the highest difference between men and women Facebook users?
The highest difference between men and women occurs within people aged 18 to 24.
4. How much is the difference? The women are on lead by 1.4% or 1 047 900.

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LINE GRAPH
A line graph is a statistical diagram consisting of line segments joined end to end. It is usually used to
show/indicate the change of the data or trends over a period of time.
In the line graph, the horizontal axis is a line marked with points that are equally spaced. Each point
represents date or time. The vertical axis is the number of data or the frequency of data.
Example 3:
The table below shows daily temperature in one barangay in Legazpi City, Albay, recorded for 10 days in degrees
Celsius on May 9 to May 18, 2021.

Data source:
https://weather.com/weather/monthly/l/4708f01fde7bf0234950604b90eea312867ceb1bca2e64850d50deb3e9b85167
Using the data above, represent the time/day (variable 1) from column 1 or above the weather icons on the horizontal
axis and represent the temperature (variable 2) in column 2 or below the weather icons on the vertical axis.

TITLE

Guide Questions:
1. What day/s in the duration of 10 days has the hottest temperature?
Days 3, 8, 9 and 10 are the hottest days in the 10-day forecast period.
2. What day/s in the duration of 10 days has/have the most temperate weather?
Days 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, and 7 are the most temperate days in the 10-day forecast period.
3. How much difference is the day with the highest temperature and the lowest temperature have?
They differ only by 10C.

Aside from 3 common types of graphs, there are also variations of bar and line graphs that are used to represent a frequency
distribution table.

HISTOGRAM
One of the most commonly used graphs in Statistics especially in research is the histogram. A HISTOGRAM
is a graph that makes use of vertical bars to represent frequencies. The bars in the histogram are of the same width.
There are no spaces between them.
Example 1: Consider the following data in the frequency table below.
20-item Test Scores in Mathematics 9

This data shows the scores of Grade 9 students in a 20-item test in

Mathematics where the class width=3.

In a histogram, the horizontal scale is quantitative and

measures the data value. The vertical scale measures
the frequencies of the classes. And the vertical bars
must touch each other.

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To present this data in a histogram, we need to follow these steps:
1. Determine the class boundaries.
2. Draw the x and y axes.
3. Indicate the class boundaries on the x-axis and the frequencies on the y-axis.
4. Draw vertical bars whose heights correspond to the frequencies for each class.

TITLE

Guide Questions:
1. Which class has the highest frequency? Class with scores from 7-9
2. How many students belong to the group who got the highest scores?
There are 5 students who belong to the same group that got the highest scores.
3. What is the flow made by the vertical bars? Is it going upwards or downwards?
The vertical bars are forming a curve by initially going upward then downward.
Were you able to follow the discussion and example about the histogram?
If so, then, we now proceed to the next approach in presenting organized data.

Another way to present a frequency distribution table is by using an ogive.

A cumulative frequency graph (also known as OGIVE) is a graph that shows the cumulative frequencies of a given
frequency distribution. In a less than cumulative frequency graph or <ogive, the < 𝐜𝐟 is plotted against the upper
class boundaries while in >ogive or the greater than cumulative frequency graph, the > 𝐜𝐟 is plotted against the lower
class boundaries.

Example 2: Construct the ogives of the given frequency distribution below.

Ages of 30 Persons in One Village Playing Online Mobile Games

To present this data in a <ogive, we need to follow these steps:

1. Determine the class boundaries.
2. Determine the cumulative frequencies (< 𝐜𝐟 𝐚𝐧𝐝 > 𝐜𝐟).
3. Draw the x- and y-axes.
4. Plot the < 𝐜𝐟 against the upper class boundary of each class (for < 𝐨𝐠𝐢𝐯𝐞) then, plot the > 𝐜𝐟 against the lower
class boundary of each class (for > 𝐨𝐠𝐢𝐯𝐞).
5. Connect adjacent points using straight lines. Extend the graph to the first lower class boundary along the x
axis.

In an ogive, the curve or trend goes only in one direction – either increasing or decreasing. This tells you that
the number of frequencies at different stages/classes in the data set add up. This running total of the
frequencies is the cumulative frequency.

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<OGIVE

TITLE

>OGIVE

Guide Questions:
1. What is the difference between these two ogives? The <ogive has a graph with an increasing trend or curve, while
the >ogive has a graph with a decreasing trend or curve.
2. What makes an ogive unique than other graphs used in presenting an organized data?
An ogive uses the cumulative frequency values for the vertical axis, not the actual frequency (number of persons)
and the upper or lower class boundaries in the horizontal axis, not the ages.
3. What does the graph or the trend in these ogives represent? As the class boundaries of ages increase, the
frequency/number of persons tends to accumulate either from top to bottom or vice versa. The distance between any
2 points, with respect to the y-values tells about the actual frequency of their corresponding classes.

A] Read the given situation. Complete the table and represent the data using a pie chart.
Mario is an employee with a monthly salary of ₱25,000.00. His expenses are as follows:
PERCENTAGE CENTRAL
EXPENSES BUDGET (𝒇)
(𝑷) ANGLE (𝑨𝑪 )
Food ₱5,000 % ____˚
Savings/Investment ₱4,000 % ____˚
Payments/Bills ₱7,000 % ____˚
Miscellaneous ₱4,000 % ____˚
Internet ₱3,000 % ____˚
Utilities ₱2,000 % ____˚
TOTAL (N)=₱25,000 100% 360˚

QUESTION: Find the percentage of the expense with the highest budget allocation/allowance.

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B] Read the given situation. Organize your data in a table and represent the data using a line graph.
Joey wanted to buy new clothes for the Christmas season this 2021. He saves his extra money from his income
in tutorial and drawing and put it in his coin bank every month. He recorded his savings per month during pandemic,
and as early as January, he has saved 270 pesos, on February, he saved 320 pesos, 280 pesos on March and 190 pesos
on April.
QUESTION: Write the months where he had the highest and the lowest savings.
C] Organize your data in a table and represent the data in a graph.
Make a vertical BAR GRAPH representing the favorite sport of 20 of your friends or classmates. All
information must be present in your graph; the title of the graph, the two axes (vertical and horizontal) and the labels
of the bars representing each sport.
QUESTION: What sport does most of your classmates like?

Complete the table.

Scores of Incoming Grade 7 students in a 60-item Entrance Exam

Present the completed data in Practice Task#2 in a Histogram and using the two types of ogive (<ogive and >ogive).

A. MULTPLE CHOICE
Directions: Read the statements below and choose the letter of your answer in each item.
Write the answers on your answer sheet.
1. Which among the types of graph is useful in presenting data that indicate change over a period of time?
A. Bar Graph B. Pie Chart C. Line Graph D. Pictograph
2. What graph is used to make direct visual comparison of data with equal/even spaces in between bars?
A. Bar Graph B. Pie Chart C. Line Graph D. Pictograph
For items number 3 and 4, refer in the illustration below.
3. What type of graph is being represented in the illustration below?
Favorite Colors of 120 Grade 7 Students

A. Bar Graph
B. Pie Chart
C. Line Graph
D. Pictograph

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4. How many degrees is represented by the sector of the circle with the green color?
A. 54° C. 90°
Smalltown Teens with Cell Phones
B. 72° D. 108°

For item number 5, refer in the line graph on the right.

5. What is this line graph all about?
A. Sales of Cellphones C. Popular Phone Brands
B. Demand of iPhone D. Teens with Cellphones
For item number 6, refer in the bar graph below.
6. How many families were present at the reunion?
A. 21 C. 27
B. 25 D. 29
7. Which of the following statements describes a histogram?
A. A graph used to compare parts of a whole.
B. A picture graph used to show numerical data
using symbols.
C. A graphical representation of
data/frequencies using bars with no spaces in
between.
D. A line graph where cumulative frequency of
each class is plotted against the class
boundary.

Students’ Heights For Item number 8, refer to the histogram on the left.
8. The given histogram shows the heights of 21 students in Grade-7
class, grouped with class size/width of 5 inches. What is the frequency
of all the students having heights of less than 70 inches?
A. 4 students
B. 10 students
C. 15 students
D. 17 students
9. Which of the following is the other name for ogive?
A. Bar Graph C. Line Graph
B. Cumulative Frequency Graph D. Pictograph
For Item number 10, refer to the illustration on the right.
10. Which class has the cumulative frequency, < 𝑐𝑓 of 19?
A. 95-99 C. 85-89
B. 90-94 D. 80-84

PRACTICE TASK 1-A

PRACTICE TASK 1-B

PRACTICE TASK 1-C

ANSWERS MAY VARY.

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 PRACTICE TASK 2 PRACTICE TASK 3 (HISTOGRAM)

PRACTICE TASK 3 (<OGIVE) PRACTICE TASK 3 (>OGIVE)

Department of Education - Region V (2019). Prototype and Contextualized Daily Lesson Plans Mathematics Grade 7
Quarter 4 (First Edition). Bicol: DepEd

Department of Education – Region X. (2021). Mathematics – Grade 7 Alternative Delivery Mode Self-Learning Module
Fourth Quarter - First Edition. Misamis Occidental: DepEd

Ruallo, Rico R., Lozada, Louie M., Prepuse, Christine Anne M. and Lopez, Andrea E. (2015), SHARP MATH: Simple
and Holistic Approach to Refine Proficiency in Math Grade 7- K to 12 Edition. Makati City: The Bookmark, Inc.

NapoleonCat.com, “Facebook users in Philippines”. https://napoleoncat.com/stats/facebook-users-in-

philippines/2019/01. Retrieved: 2021-04-30

weather.com (TWC Product and Technology LLC), Monthly Weather - Bgy. 40 - Cruzada, Albay,
Philippines._https://weather.com/weather/monthly/l/4708f01fde7bf0234950604b90eea312867ceb1bca2e64850d50de
b3e9b85167. Retrieved: 2021-04-30

DEVELOPMENT TEAM
Writers: MARIA CRISTINA C. AUSTRIA Teacher III– Legazpi City Science High School
APRIL ALZUL Teacher I– Legazpi City Science High School
HENRY ARENA Teacher I– Taysan Resettlement Integrated School
Validators: PORTIA ENCISA EPS Mathematics
ANNAVI MARAVILLA Principal – Legazpi City Science High School
BENSON RIVERO Teacher III – Banquerohan National High School
EDGAR ARCIGA Teacher III – Homapon High School
JOVY BANANIA Teacher III – Arimbay High School