CPP 20220411175640609369

C HE M IS T R Y
RANK BOOSTING COURSE-2022

CPP
CLASSROOM PRACTICE PROBLEMS
ST
PERIODIC TABLE NO. 01
Type : 1 (Basic)
1. The atomic number of the element unnilennium is
[JEE Main 2020]
(1) 109 (2) 102 (3) 108 (4) 119
2. In the sixth period, the orbitals that are filled are

(1) 6s, 5f, 6d, 6p (2) 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p (3) 6s, 5d, 5f, 6p (4) 6s, 6p, 6d, 6f
3. The atomic number of unnilunium is……..
4. The IUPAC symbol for the element with atomic number 119 would be
(1) unh (2) uue (3) uun (3)une
5. The group number , number of valence electrons and valency of an element with atomic
number 15 respectively are.
(1) 16,5 and2 (2) 15, 5 and 3 (3) 16, 6 and 3 (4)15 , 6 and 2
6. The element with Z= 120 (not yet discovered) will be an/a

(1) transition metal (2) inner- transition metal
(3) alkaline earth metal (4) alkali metal
Type : 2 (Atomic and Ionic Radius)
7. The ionic radius of Na+ ion is 1.02 Å. The ionic radii (in Å) of Mg2+ and Al3+, respectively, are -
(1) 1.05 and 0.99 (2) 0.72 and 0.54 (3) 0.85 and 0.99 (4) 0.68 and 0.72
[JEE Main 2021]
8. The ionic radii of O2–, F–, Na+ and Mg2+ are in the order
(1) O2– > F– > Mg2+ > Na+ (2) Mg2+ > Na+ > F– > O2–
(3) O2– > F– > Na+ > Mg2+ (4) F– > O2– > Na+ > Mg2+
9. The correct order of the ionic radii O2–, N3–, F–, Mg2+, Na+ and Al3+ is
(1) N3– < O2– < F– < Na+ < Mg2+ < Al3+ (2) Al3+ < Na+ < Mg2+ < O2– < F– < N3–
(3) Al3+ < Mg2+ < Na+ < F– < O2– < N3– (4) N3– < F– < O2– < Mg2+ < Na+ < Al3+
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10. The atomic radius of Ag is closest to
(1) Hg (2) Au (3) Ni (4) Cu
11. The increasing order of the atomic radii of the following elements is
(a) C (b) O (c) F (d) Cl (e) Br
(1) (a) < (b) < (c) < (d) < (e) (2) (c) < (b) < (a) < (d) < (e)
(3) (d) < (c) < (b) < (a) < (e) (4) (b) < (c) < (d) < (a) < (e)
12. The ionic radii (in Å) of N3–,O2– and F– respectively are

(1) 1.36, 1.40 and 1.71 (2) 1.36, 1.71 and 1.40
(3)1.71, 1.40 and 1.36 (4)1.71, 1.36 and 1.40
Type : 3 (Ionization Energy)
13. Consider the elements Mg. Al, S, P and Si, the correct increasing order of their first ionization
enthalpy is : [JEE Main 2021]
(1) Mg < Al < Si < S < P (2) Al < Mg < Si < S < P
(3) Mg < Al < Si < P < S (4) Al < Mg < S < Si < P
14. Match List -I with List - II

List - I List - II
Electronic configuration i in kJ mol–1
of elements
(A) 1s22s2 (i) 801
2 2 4
(B) 1s 2s 2p (ii) 899
(C) 1s22s22p3 (iii) 1314
2 2 1
(D) 1s 2s 2p (iv) 1402
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below -
(1) (A) (ii), (B) (iii), (C) (iv), (D)  (i) (2) (A)  (i), (B)  (iv), (C)  (iii), (D)  (ii)
(3) (A)(i), (B) (iii), (C) (iv), (D) (ii) (4) (A)  (iv), (B)  (i), (C)  (ii), (D)  (iii)
15. Identify the elements X and Y using the ionisation energy values given below :
Ionization energy (kJ/mol)
1st 2nd
X 495 4563
Y 731 1450
(1) X = Na ; Y = Mg (2) X = Mg ; Y = F (3) X = Mg ; Y = Na (4) X = F; Y = Mg
16. The first ionization energy of magnesium is smaller as compared to that of elements X and Y,
but higher than that of Z. the elements X, Y and Z, respectively, are :
(1) chlorine, lithium and sodium (2) argon, lithium and sodium
(3) argon, chlorine and sodium (4) neon, sodium and chlorine

17. The first ionization energy (in kJ/mol) of Na, Mg, Al and Si respectively, are:
(1) 496, 577, 737, 786, (2) 786, 737, 577, 496
(3) 496, 577, 786, 737 (4) 496, 737, 577, 786
18. B has a smaller first ionization enthalpy than Be. Consider the following statements:
(I) It is easier to remove 2p electron than 2s electron
(II) 2p electron of B is more shielded from the nucleus by the inner core of electrons than the
2s electrons of Be
(III) 2s electron has more penetration power than 2p electron
(IV) atomic radius of B is more than Be (atomic number B = 5, Be = 4)
The correct statements are
(1) (I), (II) and (III) (2) (II), (III) and (IV) (3) (I), (III) and (IV) (4) (I), (II) and (IV)
19. The element having greatest difference between its first and second ionisation energy, is
(1) Ca (2) Sc (3) Ba (4) K
20. In comparison to boron, beryllium has

(1) lesser nuclear charge and lesser first ionisatoin enthalpy
(2) greater nuclear charge and lesserr first ionisation enthalpy
(3) greater nuclear charge and greater first ionisation enthalpy
(4) lesser nuclear charge and greater first ionisation enthalpy
21. Which of the following atoms has the highest first ionisation energy?
(1) Na (2) K (3) Sc (4) Rb
22. Which of the following represents the correct order of increasing first ionization enthalpy for
Ca, Ba, S, Se and Ar?
(1) Ca < S < Ba < Se < Ar (2) S < Se < Ca < Ba < Ar
(3) Ba<Ca<Se<S<Ar (4) Ca<Ba<S<Se<Ar
23. The first ionisation potential of Na is 5.1 ev. The value of electron gain entalpy of Na+ will be
(1) –2.55 eV (2)–5.1 eV (3) –10.2 eV (4)+2.55 eV
Type : 4 (Electron gain Enthalpy)
24. The correct order of electron gain enthalpy is [JEE Main 2021]
(1) S > Se > Te > O (2) Te > Se > S > O
(3) O > S > Se > Te (4) S > O > Se > Te
25. The absolute value of the electron gain enthalpy of halogens satisfies :
(1) I > Br > Cl > F (2) Cl > Br > F > I (3) Cl > F > Br > I (4) F > Cl > Br > I

26. Three elements X, Y and Z are in the 3rd period of the periodic table. The oxides of X, Y and
Z, respectively, are basic amphoteric and acidic. The correct order of the atomic number of
X, Y and Z is:
(1) Z < Y < X (2) X < Y < Z (3) X < Z < Y (4) Y < X < Z
27. The electron gain enthalpy (in kJ/mol) of fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine, respectively,
are
(1) –333, –325, –349 and –296 (2) –296, –325, –333 and –349
(3) –333, –349, –325 and –296 (4) –349, –333, –325 and –296
28. Within each pair of elements F and Cl, S and Se, and Li and Na, respectively, the elements
that release more energy upon an electron gain are
(A) F, Se and Na (2) F, S and Li (3) Cl, S and Li (4) Cl, Se and Na
Type : 5 (Electronegativity)
29. The correct option with respect to the Pauling electronegativity values of the elements is
(1) P > S (2) Si < Al (3)Te > Se (4) Ga < Ge
[JEE Mains 2019]
30. The increasing order of electronegativity in the following elements-

(1) C, N, Si, P (2) N, Si, C, P (3) Si, P, C, N (4) P, Si, N, C
31. Which element has the highest electronegativity :

(1) F (2) He (3) Ne (4) Na
Type : 6 (Nature of Oxides)
32. Which one of the followin orders presents the correct sequence of the increasingg basic
nature of the given oxides?
(1) Al2O3<MgO<Na2O<K2O (2) MgO < K2O<AL2O3<Na2O
(3) Na2O < K2O < Mgo < Al2O3 (4) K2O<Na2O<Al2O3<MgO
33. Among the following oxides, the least acidic is :

(1) P4O6 (2) P4O10 (3) As4O6 (4) As4O10

ANSWER KEY
1. (1) 2. (2) 3. (101) 4. (4) 5. (2)
6. (3) 7. (2) 8. (3) 9. (3) 10. (2)
11. (2) 12. (3) 13. (2) 14. (1) 15. (1)
16. (3) 17. (4) 18. (1) 19. (4) 20. (4)
21. (3) 22. (4) 23. (2) 24. (1) 25. (3)
26. (2) 27. (3) 28. (3) 29. (4) 30. (3)
31. (1) 32. (1) 33. (3)
SOLUTIONS
1. The atomic number of the element unnilenniuwm is 109.
1 0 9
(1) Z =    –ium  unnilennium
un nil enn
1 0 2
(2) Z =    –ium  unniliium
un nil bi
1 1 8
(3) Z =    –ium  unniloctium
un n il oct
1 1 9
(4) Z =    –ium  unuuennium
un n il enn
Hence, option (1) is correct.
2. Filling of electrons in orbitals in any period takes place as:

S  ns(n – 2)f(n – 1)d np
if possible if possible
 A per (n + I) rule for sixth period n = 6, orbitals that are filled are
6s, 4f, 5d and 6p
3. Unnilunium IUPAC symbol = Unu

Atomic number (Z) = 101
Because, the roots are strung together in the order of digits which makes up the atomic
numbers and ‘ium’ is added at the end.
Digit Name Abbreviation
1 un u
0 nil n
1 un u
1 1 9
4. Atomic number (119)   
un un un
So, symbol of the element=uue

Name of the element= ununennium
It is expected to be s- block element an alkali metal and the first element in eighth peried. it is
the lightest element the has not yet been synthesised.

5. The group number number of valence electrons and valency of an element with atomic
number 15 are 15, 5 and 3 respectively. Modern periodic table is based on the atomic number
Number of valence electrons present in an atom decides the group number.
Electronic configuration of element having atomic number 15 =1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3
As five electrons are present in valence shell its group number is 15 valency of element
having atomic number 15 is+3 (8–5 = 3)
6. The element with Z = 120 will be an alkaline earth metal, Recently, oganesson (Og) with
atomic number 118 is named by IUPAC is a noble gas and placed just two place before 120.
So, the general electronic configuration is represented as [noble gas] ns2 and element with
Z= 120 exist as an alkaline earth metal.
7. The ionic radii order is

Na+ > Mg2+ Al3+
8. O2– > F– > Na+ and Mg2+ are isoelectronic species.

Ionic O2– F– Na+ Mg2+
Number of e– 10 10 10 10
For isoelectrons species,
 ve charge
Radius  
 ve charge

So, correct order of ionic radius is
O2– > F– Na+ > Mg2+
1
9. Size of species 
Nuclear charge
Iso-electronic speices are those atoms or ions which has the same number of electrons.
Size of species decreases with increases protons. More is effective nuclear charge (Zeff)
lesser will be ionic size.
Correct order of ionic radii
Al3+ < Mg2+ < Na+ < F– < O2– < N3–
10. The atomic radii of Ag is almost equal to Au due to lanthanide contraction.
11. Atomic radius generally decreases as we compare elements in a period from left to right.
 C>O>F
But elements present in next period are larger in size,
 Br > Cl > C > O > F; C N O F size decreases

Cl
Br
size increases
So, the correct increasing order of the atomic radii
C<B<A<D<E

12. Number of electrons in N3– = 7+3 =10
Number of electrons in O2–=8+2=10
Number of electrons in F– = 9+1=10
Since , all the three species have each 10 electrons hence they are isoelectronic species.It is
considered that , in case of isoelectronic species as the negative charge increases, ionic radii
increases and therefore the value of ionic radii are
N3– = 1.71 (highest among the three)
O2– =1.40
F– = 1.36 ( lowest among the three)
Time Saving Technique There is no need to mog up the radius values of different ions.
This particular question can be solved through following time saving .
Trick The charges on the ions indicate the size as N3–>O2–>F– Thus , you have to look for
the option in which the above trend is followed Option (3) is the only one in which this trend is
followed Hence, it is the correct answer.
13. In general from left to right in a period, ionistion enthalpy increases due to effective
nuclear charge increases. but due to extra stability of half filled and full filled electronic
configuration, required ionisation enthalpy is more from neighbouring elements.
i.e. first ionisation enthalpy order is
Al < Mg < Si < S < P
14. (A) 1s2 2s2  Be

(B) 1s2 2s2 2p4  O
(C) 1s2 2s2 2p3  N
(D) 1s2 2s2 2p1  B
The ionization enthalpy order is B < Be < O < N
Be has more IE compared to B due to extra stability & N has more IE compared to oxygen
due to extra stability.
Hence, N  1402 kJ/mol
O  1314 kJ/mol
B  801 kJ/mol
Be  899 kJ/mol
15. Na [Ne] 3s1 IE1 is very low but IE2 is very high due to stable noble gas configuration of Na+.
Mg  [Ne] 3s2 IE1 & IE2  Low
IE3 is very high.
16. The 1st IE order of 3rd period is

Na < Al < Mg < Si < S < P < Cl < Ar
X & Y are Ar & Cl
Z is sodium (Na)

17. The first ionidation energy (in kJ mol) of Na, Mg, Al and Si respectively are
496, 737, 577, 786
All four elements belongs to the same period (3rd period) and the general trend in a period
from left to right is increase in first ionization energy, because of increases in nuclear charge
and decreases in radii. Therefore, the expected order of first ionization enthalpies of given
elements should be
Na < Mg < Al < Si
But first ionization energies of Mg and Al show anomalous order because Mg has stable
[Ne]3s2 configuration and, therefore higher ionization energy than expected, whereas Al has
[Ne]3s23p1 configuration, which on ionization becomes stable [Ne]3s2.
 Its ionization energy is less than expected.
18. Statements I, II and III are correct, whereas statement IV is incorrect. It’s correct form is that,
atomic radius of B is less than Be.
19. The electronic configuration of given element are as follows :

K(19) = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1
Mg(12) =1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2
Sr(38) = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2
Sc(21 ) = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d1
First ionisatoin enthalpy (I.E.) of K is lowest among the given options. Here the energy
required to remove an eletron from 4s1 is least as only one electron is present the the
outermost shell. IE (I) is comparatively high for Mg and Sr and two electrons (fully – filled )
are placed in s- orbital . Second ionisation enthalpy of K is highest among the given options.
Now, removal of an electron occur from p6 (fully –filled ) so high energy is required to
remove the electron. From the above discussion it can be concluded that (I E.– IE,) value
is maximum for K (potassium).
20. In comparison to boron, beryllium has lesser nuclear charge and greater first ionisation
enthalpy.
Electronic configuration of Be(4) = 1s2 2s2
It possess completely filled s- orbitals hence, high amount of energy is required to pull the
electron from the gaseous atom. Beryllium (4) lies left to the boron (5) and on moving from left
to right an electron is added due to which nuclear charge increases from Be to B.
21. Order of first ionisation energy is Sc>Na> K>Rb. Due to poor shielding effect, removal of one
electron form 4s orbital is difficult as compared to 3s- orbital.
22. Ionisation energy increases along a period from left to right and decreases down a group.
The position of given elements in the periodic table is as
2 16 18
Ca S Ar
Ba Se
Thus, the order of increasing HE1is Ba<Ca<Se<S<Ar

23. Na  Na+ +e–First IE
Na+ +e–  Na
Electron gain entalpy of Na+Because reaction is reverse so
Heg = 5.1eV
24. Correct order of electron gain enthalpy is :
O < S > Se > Te
 S > Se > Te > O
(Oxygen shows least electron gain enthalpy due to small size of atom)
25. Order of electron gain enthalpy (Absolute value)

Cl > F > Br > I
26. While moving across a period, metallic property of elements changes first into metalloids than
into non-metallic nature therefore.
 Metal gives basic oxides.
Metalloid produces amphoteric oxides.
Non-metal gives acidic oxides.
So, X  metal, Y  metalloid and Z  non-metal
 Order of atomic number : X < Y < Z
 As, X, Y and Z belongs to 3rd period.
X can be Na or Mg
Y can be Al or Si
Z can be P or S or Cl
27. Electron gain enthalpy (  e g H) is the enthalpy change for converting 1 mol of isolated atoms to
anions by adding electrons. All halogens have negative  eg H (exothermic) values. Generally,
 eg H becomes less negative when comparing elements of the same group from top of
bottom.
But among fluorine and chlorine there is an anomaly because inter-electron repulsion is
stronger in fluorine due to its extra small size.
  eg H is less exothermic than expected for F-atom. Thus, the correct values of electron gain
enthalpies kJmol–1 F  Cl  Br  I
( 333) ( 349) ( 325) ( 296)
28. The first electron gain enthalpy is exothermic (or negative).

Generally, electron gain enthalpy becomes less exothermic (or less negative) when
comparing elements of a group from top to bottom.
Therefore, electron gain enthalpy of S > Se and Li > Na.
But there are some exception to this.

One of them is the case of a group 17 elements where electron gain is most negative for Cl
instead of F, due to extra small size of fluorine.
 Upon an electron gain, energy releases in the order : Cl > F, S > Se and Li > Na
29. The electronegativity value of given element on the paulig scale can be shown as follows.
Period Group 13 Group 14 Group 15 Group 16
No.
3. Al (1.5) S i (1.8) P(2.1) S(2.5)
4. Ga (1.6) G e (1.8 ) Se(2.4)
5. Te(2.01)
On moving from left to right a period. i.e. from Ga to Se, the effective nuclear charge increase
and size decrease .
As a result , the value of electro negativity increase due to increase in the attraction between
the outer electrons and nucleus. Whereas on moving down the group, (i. e from Se to Te) the
atomic size increase. As a result, the force of attraction between the outer electron and the
nucleus decreases, hence, the electro nagetivity decrease.
32. In a period , the nature of oxides varies from basic to acidic while in a group basic nature of
oxides increase.
Thus
Decreases
Oxides in period , basic nature
Change to acidic nature
Basic nature
Increases in a group
Group
1 2 13
Period 3  Na2O Mgo Al2 O 3 (Amphoteric oxide )
period 4  K 2O (strongly basic )

Hence, basic nature of oxides are as follows Al2O3<MgO <Na2O<K2O
33. Down the group non-metalic character decreases & by increase of oxidation number acidic
charaeter of oxide increases.

Type : 1 (Basic Bonding)
1. The potential energy curve for the H2 molecules as a function of internuclear distance is
(1) (2)
(3) (4) [JEE Main 2020]
Type : 2 (VBT and Hybridization)

2. Which of the following are isostructural pairs ?
(A) SO42– and CrO42– (B) SiCl4 and TiCl4
(C) NH3 and NO3– (D) BCl3 and BrCl3
(1) C and D only (2) A and B only (3) A and C only (4) B and C only
[JEE Main 2021]
3. The correct shape and I–I–I bond angles respectively in I3– ion are :
(1) Distorted trigonal planar; 135° and 90° (2) T-shaped; 180° and 90°
(3) Trigonal planar; 120° (4) Linear; 180°
4. A central atom in a molecule has two lone pairs of electrons and forms three single bonds.
The shape of this molecule is :
(1) see-saw (2) planar triangular
(3) T-shaped (4) trigonal pyramidal
5. The number of species below that have two lone pair of electrons in their central atom is ____
(Round off to the Nearest integer)
SF4, BF4–, CiF3, AsF3, PCl5, BrF5, XeF4, SF6

6. A xenon compound 'A' upon partial hydrolysis gives XeO2F2. The number of lone pair of
electrons present in compound A is ________ (Round off to the Nearest Integer)
7. The structure of PCl5 in the solid state is

(1) tetrahedral [PCl4]+ and octahedral [PCl6]– (2) trigonal bipyramidal
(3) square planar [PCl4]+ and octahedral [PCl6]– (4) square pyramidal
8. The number of Cl = O bonds in perchloric acid is "........".
Type : 3 (Bond Parameters)

9. Which among the following species has unequal bond lengths ?
(1) BF4– (2) XeF4 (3) SF4 (4) SiF4
[JEE Main 2021]
10. Given below are two statements : one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as
Reason R :
Assertion A : The H—O—H bond angle in water molecule is 104.5º
Reason R : The lone pair-lone pair repulsion of electrons is higher than the bond pair-bond
pair repulsion.
(1) A is false but R is true
(2) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(3) A is true but R is false
(4) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
11. The compound that has the largest H—M—H bond angle (M = N, O, S, C) is
(1) H2O (2) NH3 (3) H2S (4) CH4
12. Arrange the following bonds according to their average bond energies in descending order
C—Cl, C—Br, C—F, C—I
(1) C—F > C—Cl > C—Br > C—I (2) C—Br > C—I > C—Cl > C—F
(3) C—I > C—Br > C—Cl > C—F (4) C—Cl > C—Br > C—I > C—F
13. The molecule having smallest bond angle is

(1) NCl3 (2) AsCl3 (3) SbCl3 (4) PCl3
Type : 4 (Molecular Orbital Theory (MOT))

14. According to molecular theory, the species among the following that does not exist is:
(1) He2+ (2) He2– (3) Be2 (4) O22–
[JEE Main 2021]

15. Match List-I with List-II.
List-I List-II
(Molecule) (Bond order)
(a) Ne2 (i) 1
(b) N2 (ii) 2
(c) F2 (iii) 0
(d) O2 (iv) 3
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
(1) (a) → (iii), (b) → (iv), (c) → (i), (d) → (ii) (2) (a) → (i), (b) → (ii), (c) → (iii), (d) → (iv)
(3) (a) → (ii), (b) → (i), (c) → (iv), (d) → (iii) (4) (a) → (iv), (b) → (iii), (c) → (ii), (d) → (i)
16. AX is a covalent diatomic molecule where A and X are second row elements of periodic table.
Based on Molecular orbital theory, the bond order of AX is 2.5. The total number of electrons
in AX is ______ . (Round off to the Nearest Integer).
17. Of the species, NO, NO+, NO2+ and NO–, the one with minimum bond strength is
(1) NO+ (2) NO (3) NO2+ (4) NO–
18. Chlorine reacts with hot and concentrated NaOH and produces compounds (X) and (Y).
Compound (X) gives white precipitate with silver nitrate solution. The average bond order
between Cl and O atoms in (Y) is .............
19. The bond order and the magnetic characteristic of CN– are
1
(1) 3, diamagnetic (2) 2 , paramagnetic
2
1
(3) 3, paramagnetic (4) 2 , diamagnetic
2
20. Among the following molecules/ions.

2−
C2– 2–
2 ,N2 ,O2 ,O2
Which one is diamagnetic and has the shortest bond length ?

(1) C2–
2
(2) O2 (3) O2–
2
(4) N2–
2
21. Among the following the molecule expected to be stabilised by anion formation is
C2, O2, NO, F2.
(1) C2 (2) F2 (3) NO (4) O2
22. Among the following species, the diamagnetic molecule is

(1) CO (2) B2 (3) NO (4) O2

23. During the change of O2 to O2–, the incoming electron goes to the orbital.
(1) π2px (2) π*2px (3) π2py (4) σ*2pz
24. According to molecular orbital theory which of the following is true with respect to Li2+ and Li2– ?
(1) Both are unstable (2) Li2+ is unstable and Li2– is
(3) Both are stable (4) Li2+ is stable and Li2– is unstable
25. In which of the following processes, the bond order has increased and paramagnetic
character has changed to diamagnetic ?
(1) O2 → O2+ (2) N2 → N2+ (3) O2 → O22– (4) NO → NO+
Type : 5 (Fajan’s Rule, H-bonding and Dipole moment)

26. Given below are two statements: one is labeled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as
Reason R.
Assertion A : Dipole-dipole interactions are the only non-covalent interactions, resulting in
hydrogen bond formation.
Reason R : Fluorine is the most electronegative element and hydrogen bonds in HF are
symmetrical.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options
given below.
(2) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(3) A is true R is false
(4) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A [JEE Main 2021]
27. The relative strength of interionic /intermolecular forces in decreasing order is

(1) dipole-dipole > ion-dipole > ion-ion (2) ion-ion > ion-dipole > dipole-dipole
(3) ion-dipole > ion-ion > dipole-dipole (4) ion-dipole > dipole-dipole > ion-ion
28. The dipole moments of CCl4, CHCl3 and CH4 are in the order
(1) CCl4 < CH4 < CHCl3 (2) CH4 < CCl4 < CHCl3
(3) CH4 = CCl4 < CHCl3 (4) CHCl3 < CH4 = CCl4
29. The predominant intermolecular forces present in ethyl acetate, a liquid, are :
(1) London dispersion and dipole-dipole
(2) London dispersion, dipole-dipole and hydrogen bonding
(3) Dipole-dipole and hydrogen bonding
(4) Hydrogen bonding and London dispersion

30. The intermolecular interaction that is dependent on the inverse cube of distance between the
olecules is
(1) ion-ion interaction (2) ion-dipole interraction
(3) London force (4) hydrogen bond
31. Match the type of interaction in column A with the distance dependence of their interaction
energy in column B :
A B
1
(I) Ion-ion (1)
r
1
(II) Dipole-dipole (2)
r2
1
(III) London dispersion (3)
r3
1
(4)
r6
(1) (I)-(2), (II)-(4), (III)-(3) (2) (I)-(1), (II)-(2), (III)-(4)
(3) (I)-(1), (II)-(2), (III)-(3) (4) (I)-(1), (II)-(3), (III)-(4)
32. Lattice enthalpy and enthalpy of solution of NaCl are 788 kJ mol–1 and 4kJ mol–1, respectively.
The hydration enthalpy of NaCl is
(1) –780 kJ mol–1 (2) 780 kJ mol–1 (3) –784 kJ mol–1 (4) 784 kJ mol–1
33. For which of the following molecule significant µ ≠ 0 ?

Cl Cl OH OH
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
Cl CN OH SH
(1) Only (i) (2) (i) and (ii) (3) Only (iii) (4) (iii) and (iv)
34. Among the following, the maximum covalent character is shown by the compound
(1) FeCl2 (2) SnCl2 (3) AlCl3 (4) MgCl2
35. If AB4 molecules is a polar molecule, a possible geometry of AB4 is

(1) square pyramidal (2) square planar
(3) rectangular planar (4) tetrahedral

ANSWER KEY
1. (3) 2. (2) 3. (4) 4. (3) 5. 2
6. 19 7. (1) 8. 3.00 9. (3) 10. (4)
11. (4) 12. (1) 13. (3) 14. (3) 15. (1)
16. 15 17. (4) 18. 1.67 19. (1) 20. (1)
21. (1) 22. (1) 23. (2) 24. (4) 25. (4)
26. (1) 27. (2) 28. (3) 29. (1) 30. (2)
31. (1) 32. (3) 33. (4) 34. (3) 35. (1)
SOLUTION
1. When the distance of hydrogen nucleus is decreasing at a particular point, energy is
minimum. At this point potential energy will be least. It is the point when bond formation taken
place
Minimum potential
Energy energy
Internuclear
distance
Hence, option (C) is correct
2. Isostructural means same structure

O
(A) SO42– S – : Tetrahedral
O O
–
O
O
CrO42– Cr – : Tetrahedral
O O
–
O
Cl
(B) SiCl4 Si : Tetrahedral
Cl Cl
Cl
Cl
TiCl4 Ti : Tetrahedral
Cl Cl
Cl

(C) NH3 N : Triagonal pyramidal
H H
H
O
NO3– : Triagonal planar
N –
O O
Cl
(D) BCl3 B–Cl : Triagonal planar
Cl
Cl
BrCl3 Cl–Br : T-shape
Cl
I
Θ
3. I
I
Shape : Linear, I–I–I Bond angle ⇒ 180°
A X
4.
X
3
sp d hybridised
t-shaped
F F
F , Θ
5. SF4 = S BF4Θ = B
F F F
F F
F
CIF3 = Cl—F , AsF3 = As
F F
F F
Cl F
Cl , F F
PCl = Cl P BrF5 = Br
Cl F F
Cl
F
F F F F
XeF4 = Xe , SF6 = S
F F F F
F
Two l.p. on central atom is = CIF3, XeF4

6. XeF6 + 2H2O → XeO2F2 + 4HF
(A) (Limited water)
Structure of 'A'
F
F F
Xe
F F
F
Total l.p. on (A) = 19
7. Phosphorus pentachloride (PCl5) exist as [PCl4]+ and [PCl6]–.

Structure of [PCl4]+
Cl
P+
Cl Cl
Cl
Tetrahedral
3
(sp -hybridisation)
Structure of [PCl6]–
Cl
Cl Cl
P–
Cl Cl
Cl
Octahedral
2 2
(sp d -hybridisation)
In solid state PCl5 prefer to exist as oppositely charged ions like [PCl4]+ and [PCl6]– as the
ionic bonding enhances the crystalline nature. These structures [PCl4]+ and [PCl6]–.
Providing extra stability to solid.
8. Perchloric acid is HClO4. Structure of HClO4 is

O
Cl—OH
O O
Thus, Cl=O bond is 3.
Hence, the correct answer is 3.
9.
Species Hybridisation Bond length
BF4– 3
sp (Tetrahedral) All bond lengths equal
3 2
XeF4 sp d (sq. planar) All bond lengths equal
3
SF4 SF d (see saw) axial bond length > equatorial bond length
3
SiF4 sp (Tetrahedral) all bond lengths equal

10. H2O
••
O
•• θ H
H
θ = 104.5º
The hybridisation of oxygen is water molecule is sp3.
So electron geometry of water molecule is tetrahedral and the bond angle should be 109º28"
but as we know that lone pair-lone pair repulsion of electrons is higher than the bond pair-
bond pair repulsion because lone pair is occupied more space around central atom than that
of bond pair.
C
11.
H H
H
[CH4 = hybridisation is sp3, lone pair of electron is 0, so that bond angle is maximum
i.e., = 109º28']
C
H H
H
[NH3 = Hybridisation is sp3, lone pair of electron is one, so that bond angle is 107º]
N
H H
[H2O = Hybridisation is sp3 lone pair of electrons are two, so that bond angle is 104º5']
[No hybridisation as according to Draga’s rule, so that bond angle is 92º]
According to VSEPR theory.
Lone pair-Lone pair > Lone pair-Bond pair > Bond pair-Bond pair.
12. The correct descending order of bonds according to their average bond energies is as follows:
Bond length is inversely proportional to bond energy. So, bond length decreases as bond
energy increase.

N
Group = 15
P  
13. Valence  = 5
As  
 electrons
Sb 
MCl3 has sp3 hybridized M-element with one lone-pair.
Lone-pair and bond-pair repulsion decreases bond angle. However, the bond-pairs of
electrons are much farther away from the central atom than they are in NCl3. Thus, bond
angle decreases from NCl3 (maximum) to SbCl3 (minimum).
14.
Chemical Species Bond Order
He2+ 0.5
He2– 0.5
Be2 0
O22– 1
According to M.O.T. If bond order of chemical species is zero then that chemical species does
not exist.
15. (A) Ne2 = Total eΘ = 20

10 − 20
B.O. = =0
2
(B) N2 = Total eΘ = 14
10 − 4
B.O. = =3
2
(C) F2 = Total eΘ = 18
10 − 8
B.O. = =1
2
(D) O2 = Total eΘ = 16
10 − 6
B.O. = =2
2
16. AX is a covalent diatomic molecule.

The molecule is NO.
Total no. of electron is 15.

Nb − Na
17. Energy order of MOs B.O. =
2
σ1sσ1sσ2sσ2s π2p = π2p σ* =π*

x y 2px 2py
10 − 5
NO(15e–) : 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 0→ = 2.5
2
+
10 − 4
NO(14e – ) : 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 0→ =3
2
2+
9−4
NO(13e − ) : 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 0 0→ = 2.5
2
10 − 6
NO(16e – ) : 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1→ =2
2
1 1
We know, Bond length ∝ ∝
BO(Bond order) Bond strength
So, the order of bond strength :

NO+ > NO = NO2+ > NO–
So, NO– has minimum bond strength.
18. The reaction is,

3Cl2 + 6 NaOH → 5 NaCl + NaClO3 + 3H2O
(X)
+ AgNO3
AgCl
(White ppt.)
Y = NaClO3 (Na+ and ClO3–)

The structure of ClO3– (chlorate ion) is,
•• •• •• ••
Cl Cl Cl
≡ Cl
O O OΘ O OΘ O OΘ O O O O O
'Cl—O' bond order in the hybrid

Number of bonds between Cl andO 5
= = = 1.66 or 1.67
Total number of O(Surrounding atoms) 8
19. CN– has 14 electrons (6 from C, 7 from N and 1 for negative charge).
Its MO configuration must be similar to
N2 : s1s2 s*1s2 s2s2 s*2s2 p2px2 p2py2 s2pz2
10 − 4
∴ Bond order = =3
2
As there is no unpaired electron in CN–, thus it is diamagnetic.

20.
Species MO energy order Bond n, no of Magnetic
order (BO) unpaired character
C2– (14e ) –
[8e]π2p2 =π2p2 σ2p2 6−0 0 Diamagnetic
2
x y z =3
2
O2(16e–) [8e]σ2p2 π2p2 6−2 2 Paramagnetic
z x =2
∗ 2
π2p2 π2p1x
= y
∗
= π2p 1
y
O22− (18e − ) [8e]σ2p2 π2p2 6−2 2 Paramagnetic

z x =2
∗ 2
π2p2 π2p2x
= y
∗
= π2p 2
y
N22−(16e
−
)
[8e]π2p2 6−2 2 Paramagnetic
x =2
∗ ∗ 2
π2p2 π2p2x π2p1x
= y
∗
= π2p 1
y
1
Bond length ∝
BO(Bond order)
So order of bond length C22 < O2 =N22− < O22− The diamagnetic species with shortest bond
=(BO 3)=(BO 2) =(BO 1)
length is C22− (option-a)
21. C2 will be stabilised after forming anion. The electronic configuration of carbon is 1s2 2s2 2p2.
There are twelve electrons in C. After forming anion (i.e. C2− ), the electronic configuration is
∗ ∗ ∗
C2− : (σ1s) (σ 1s) (σ 2s) (σ 2s) (σ1s) (π2 p2x = π2 py )
2 2 2 2 2 2
•
(σ2 p1y ) or KK(σ2s)2 (σ*2s)2 (π2 p2x = π2 p2y ). σ2 p1z
1 1
Bond order = (Nb – Na) = (9 – 4) = 2.5
2 2
For other options such as F2− ,O2− ,NO− , the electronic configurations are as follows :
2 ∗ 2 2 ∗ 2 2
• F2− : (σ1s) (σ 1s) (σ2s) (σ 2s) (σ2pz)
(π2 p2x = π2 p2y ) (π*2 p2x = π*2 p2y ) (σ*2 p1z )
Bond order = 1/2(Nb – Na) = 1/2(10 – 9) = 0.5

2 2 2 2 2
• O2− : (σ1s) (σ*1s) (σ2s) (σ*2s) (σ2pz)
(π2 p2x = π2 p2y ) (π*2 p2x = π*2 p1y )
1 1
Bond order = (Nb – Na) = (10–7) = 1.5
2 2

• NO– : (σ1s)2 (σ*1s)2 (σ2s)2 (σ*2s)2 (σ2pz)2
(π2 p2x = π2 p2y ) (π*2 p1x = π*2 p1y )
1 1
Bond order = (Nb – Na) = (10 – 6) = 2
2 2
The value of bond order of C2− is higher among the given options. Bond order between two
atoms in a molecule may be taken as an approximate measure of the bond length.
The bond length decreases as bond order increases. As a result, stability of a molecule
increases.
22.
Key Idea Magnetic nature can be detected by molecular orbital theory. Presence of unpaired
electrons means paramagnetic and absence of unpaired electrons means diamagnetic in
nature.
Among the given options, CO is a diamagnetic molecule. It can be proved by molecular orbital
(MO) theory. The electronic configuration of given diatomic molecules are given below.
• CO (Number of electrons = 14)
Electronic configuration
= σ1s2, σ∗1s2, σ2s2, σ2 p2z , π2 p2x = π2 p2y
Since, there is no unpaired electron in the CO molecule, so it is diamagnetic.
• NO (Number of electrons = 15)
Electronic configuration = σ1s2, σ∗1s2, σ2s2, σ2 p2z , π2 p2z = π2 p2y π*2 p1x = π*2 p0y
Since, NO has one unpaired electron in π*2 p1x orbital, so it is paramagnetic.

• B2 (Number of electrons = 10)
Electronic configuration
= σ1s2, σ∗1s2, σ2s2, σ∗2s2, π2 p1x ,≈ πp1y
Since, two unpaired electrons are present in π2 p1x and π2 p1y orbital. So, it is paramagnetic.
• O2 (Number of electrons = 16
Electronic configuration = σ1s2, σ∗1s2, σ2s2, σ∗2s2, σ2pz2, π2 p2x » π2 p2y , π*2 p1x ≈ π*2 p1y
Since, two unpaired electrons are present in π*2 p1x and π*2 p1y orbital. So, it is also
paramagnetic.
23. The change of O2 to O2– can be as follows :

−
O2(16 e–) +e
 → O2–(17e–)
[Dioxygen] [Super-oxide]
→ Energy → Energy
* * * *
[8e ] σ2 p π2 p = π2 p π 2p =
– 2
z
2
x
π 2p
2
y
1
x
1
y [8e–] σ2 p2z σ2 p2y π 2p2x =
π 2p1y

Half-filled
anti-bonding
π*–MOs
* *
So, in the formation of O2– from O2, the 17th electron goes to the π 2px or π 2py molecular
orbital (anti-bonding) which is half-filled in O2.
24. Considering molecular orbital theory (MOT) :

The electronic configuration of
Li2+ (Z = 5) = σ1s2, σ*1s2, σ2s1
Nb − Na
Bond order (BO) =
2
3−2 1
= =
2 2
The electronic configuration of
Li2–(Z = 7) = σ1s2, σ*1s2, σ2s2, σ*2s1
Nb − Na
Bond order (BO) =
2
4−3 1
= =
2 2
For the species having the same value of BO, the specie having lesser number of antibonding
electrons [Na] will be more stable.
Here, Na of Li2+ (B) < Na of Li2–(C).
So, their order of stability will be Li2+ > Li2–.
25.
Species Valence MOs Bond Order Paramagnetic/Diamagnetic
 Nb − Na  Nature
 2 
 
NO(15e–) [8e–]π2 p2x = π2 p2y σ2Pz2 6 −1 Paramagnetic
= 2.5
2 Diamagnetic
–e– π*2 p1x = π*2 p0y σ*2pz0
6−0
=3
NO+(14e– [8e–]π2 p2x =π2 p2y σ2 p2z 2
π*2 p0x = π*2 p0y σ*2 p0z
N2(14e–) [8e–]π2 p2x = π2 p2y σ2Pz2 6−0 Diamagnetic
=3
2
–e– π*2 p0x = π*2 p0y σ2 p0z Paramagnetic
5−0
= 2.5
N2+(13e–) [8e ]π2 p =π2 p σ2 p
– 2
x
2
y
1
z 2
π*2 p0x = π*2 p0y σ*2pz0

O2(16e–) [8e–]σ2 p2z π2 p2x = π2 p2y 6−2 Paramagnetic
=2
2
–e– π*2 p1x = π*2 p1y σ∗2 p0z
O2+(15e–) [8e–]σ2 p2z π2 p2x =π2 p2y 6 −1 Paramagnetic
= 2.5
2
+2e– π*2 p1x = π*2 p0y σ*2 p0z
O22–(18e–) [8e–]σ2 p2z π2 p2x =π2 p2y 6−4 Diamagnetic
=1
π*2 p2x = π*2 p2y σ*2 p0z 2
So, only in the conversion of NO → NO+, the bond order has increases (2.5 → 3) and
paramagnetic character has changed to diamagnetic.
26. Assertion is incorrect since in hydrogen bonding, Dipole–dipole interactions are non-covalent
but ion-dipole interaction can also result in H-bond formation. Reason is correct since F is
most electronegative element & structure is
F F F
H H H H H
F F
Symmetrical H-bonds are present.
27. Interionic (ion-ion) forces are stronger than ion-dipole, which in turn are stronger than
intermolecular forces like dipole-dipole interaction.
This is because in case of ion-ion interactions there is complete transfer of electrostatic
charges from one atom to another. Whereas in dipole-dipole interactions, there is involvement
of only partial charges.
The strength of ion-dipole interactions lies intermediate to that of ion-ion and dipole-dipole
interactions. Thus, the correct decreasing order of relative strength is :
Ion-ion > ion-dipole > dipole-dipole.
H Cl H
28. C C C
H H Cl Cl Cl Cl
H Cl Cl
CH4(µ) = 0) CCl4(µ) = 0) CHCl3(µ) ≠ 0)
Individual bonds have some The resultant of three

dipole moment (µ), but overall C—Cl bond dipoles is
µ = 0, due to mutual Not cancelled but
cancellation of dipole moments Enhanced by C—H
as the structures are Bond dipole.

O
||
29. Ethyl acetate (CH3 — C— O — CH2 — CH3 ) molecules are polar. So, dipole-dipole interaction is
present between its molecules. There are no such groups such as hydroxyl (—OH) which are
capable of forming hydrogen bond.
London dispersion forces are present in all substances involving ethyl acetate also. Thus in
ethyl acetate, the predominant intermolecular forces are London dispersion and dipole-dipole
forces.
1
30. Ion-ion interaction is dependent on the square of distance, i.e. ion-ion interactin ∝
r2
1
Similarly, ion-dipole interaction ∝
r3
1
London forces ∝
r6
1
And dipole-dipole interactions ∝
r3
Superficially it seems as both ion dipole interaction and hydrogenbonding vary with the
inverse cube of distance between the molecules but whenwe look at the exact expressions of
field (force) created in two situations it comes as
2|P|
|E| = |F| =
4πε0r 3
(In case of ion-dipole interaction)
2q2r − 4q2a
And F=
4πε0r 3
(In case of dipole-dipole interaction)
From the above it is very clear, the ion-dipole interaction is the better answer as compared to
dipole-dipole interaction i.e. hydrogen bonding.
31. When r is the inter-nuclear separation.

1
(I) ion-ion interaction energy ∝ [column-B(1)]
r
1 1
(II) dipole-dipole interaction energy ∝ 3
[column-B(3)] for stationary polar molecules ∝ 6
r r
[column-B(4)] (for rotating polar molecules)
1
(III) London dispersion interaction energy ∝ [column-B(4)]
r6
1
[dipole induced dipole interaction energy ∝ ]
r6
So, the matching is,
(I)-(1), (II)-( 3), (III)-(4) option (1).

32. The enthalpy of solution of an ionic solid is numerically equal to the sum of its hydration and
lat energies, i.e. ∆Hsol
º
= ∆Hhydration
º
+ ∆Hlattice
º
∴ NaCl(s) 
∆H=
4
→ NaCl(aq)
∆Hº = 788 ∆Hhyd

º
Na+(g)+Cl–(g)
∆solHº = ∆latticeHº + ∆hydHº
4 = 788 + DhydHº
∆HhydHº = –784 kJ/mol
OH SH
33. In quinol and thioquinol, —OH and —SH groups do not cancel
OH SH
their dipole moments and hence exists as different conformations.
H H
Cl Cl O O
Cl CN O O
µ=0 µ=0 H H
2 different conformers [∴ µ ≠ 0]
[sme as thioquinol]
34. Covalent character is favoured by Fajan’s rule.

(i) Larger the charge on the ions,
(ii) Smaller the size of cations,
(iii) Larger the size of anions,
(iv) Cation with 18-electron structure (e.g., Cu+),
Then larger the polarising power and the covalent character is favoured.
In all the given compounds, anion is same (Cl–),
Hence polarising power is decided by size and charge of cation.
Al3+ with maximum charge and smallest size has maximum polarising power hence, AlCl3 is
maximum covalent.

35. If AB4 molecule is a polar molecule a possible geometry of AB4 is square pyramidal.
All possible structure of AB4 molecule are as follows :
(i) AB4 ⇒ L = 0 ⇒ A is sp3 (tetrahedral) or A is dsp2 (square planar)
⇒ Dipole moment, µ = 0 (Non-polar)
(ii) AB4L2 ⇒ L = 2 ⇒ A is sp3d2 (octahedral)
⇒ µ = 0 (Non-polar), because
B B
A ⇒ µnet = 0 (Non-polar)
B B
(Assuming, B is more electronegative than A)

(iii) AB4L ⇒ L = 1 ⇒ A is sp3d (square pyramidal or trigonal bipyramidal)
B
B B B
A A
B B B
B
µplane = 0 µplane = 0
µaxis ≠ 0 µaxis ≠ 0
µnet ≠ 0 (polar) µnet ≠ 0 (polar)
[Square pyramidal] [Trigonal pyramidal]
So, it can be seen that when AB4 molecule is a polar molecule then possible geometry of AB4
is square pyramidal.

Type : 1 (Basic)
1. Given below are two statements :
Statement I : The identification of Ni2+ is carried out by dimethyl glyoxime in the presence of
NH4OH.
Statement II : The dimethyl glyoxime is a bidentate neutral ligand.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(1) Statement I is false but Statement II is true.
(2) Both Statement I and Statement II are false.
(3) Statement I is true but Statement II is false.
(4) Both Statement I and Statement II are true. [JEE Main 2021]
2. The correct pair(s) of the ambident nucleophiles is (are) :

(A) AgCN/KCN (B) RCOOAg/RCOOK
(3) AgNO2/KNO2 (4) AgI/KI [JEE Main 2021]
(1) (B) and (C) only (2) (A) only (3) (A) and (C) only (4) (B) only
3. The secondary valency and the number of hydrogen bonded water molecules(s) in
CuSO4.5H2O, respectively, are : [JEE Main 2021]
(1) 6 and 4 (2) 4 and 1 (3) 6 and 5 (4) 5 and 1
4. The total number of coordination sites in ethylenediaminetetraacetate [EDTA4–] is……..

[JEE Main 2020]
5. The following ligands is
[JEE Main 2019]

(1) hexadentate (2) tetradentate (3) bidentate (4) tridentate

6. The coordination numbers of Co and Al in [CoCl(en)2]Cl and K3[Al(C2O4)3], respectively, are
(en=ethane-1,2-diamine) [JEE Main 2019]
(1) 5 and 3 (2) 3 and 3 (3) 6 and 6 (4) 5 and 6
7. The coordination number of Th in K4[Th(C2O4)4(OH)2] is (C2O42– = oxidation)

[JEE Main 2019]
(1) 14 (2) 10 (3) 8 (4) 6
Type : 2 (Valence Bond Theory)

8. The hybridization and magnetic nature of [Mn(CN)6]4– and [Fe(CN)6]3–, respectively are:
(1) d2sp3 and diamagnetic (2) sp3d2 and diamagnetic
(3) d2sp3 and paramagnetic (4) sp3d2 and paramagnetic
[JEE Main 2021]
9. The calculated magnetic moments (spin only value) for species [FeCl4]2–, [Co(C2O4)3]3– and
MnO42– respectively are : [JEE Main 2021]
(1) 5.82, 0 and 0 BM (2) 4.90, 0 and 1.73 BM
(3) 5.92, 4.90 and 0 BM (4) 4.90, 0 and 2.83 BM
10. In which of the following order the given complex ions are arranged correctly with respect to
their decreasing spin only magnetic moment ?
(i) [FeF6]3– (ii) [Co(NH3)6]3+ (iii) [NiCl4]2– (iv) [Cu(NH3)4]2+
(1) (i) > (iii) > (iv) > (ii) (2) (ii) > (iii) > (i) > (iv)
(3) (iii) > (iv) > (ii) > (i) (4) (ii) > (i) > (iii) > (iv) [JEE Main 2021]
11. The spin only magnetic moment of a divalent ion in aqueous solution (atomic number 29) is
_______ BM. [JEE Main 2021]
12. What is the spin-only magnetic moment value (BM) of a divalent metal ion with atomic number
25, in it’s aqueous solution ? [JEE Main 2021]
(1) 5.92 (2) 5.0 (3) zero (4) 5.26
13. The correct order of the spin only magnetic moments of the following complexes is
[JEE Main 2020]
(I) [Cr(H2O)6]Br2 (II) Na4[Fe(CN)6]
(III) Na3[Fe(C2O4)3] (∆0 > P) (IV) [Et4N]2[CoCl4]
(1) (II) ≈ (I) > (IV) > (III) (2) (I) > (IV) > (III) > (II)
(3) (III) > (I) > (IV) > (II) (4) (III) > (I) > (II) > (IV)

14. The correct order of the spin only magnetic moment of metal ions in the following low spin
complexes, [V(CN)6]4–, [Fe(CN)6]4–, [Ru(NH3)6]3+ and [Cr(NH3)6]2+ is [JEE Main 2019]
2+ 3+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 3+ 2+
(1) Cr > Ru > Fe > V (2) V > Cr > Ru > Fe
2+ 3+ 2+ 2+
(3) V > Ru > Cr > Fe (4) Cr2+ > V2+ > Ru3+ > Fe2+
15. The difference in the number of unpaired electrons of a metal ion in its high-spin and low-spin
octahedral complexs is two. The metal ion is [JEE Main 2019]
2+ 2+ 2+ 2+
(1) Mn (2) Fe (3) Ni (4) Co
16. The pair of metal ions that can given a spin-only magnetic moment of 3.9 BM for the complex
[M(H2O6)]Cl2, is [JEE Main 2019]
2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+
(1) Co and Fe (2) Cr and Mn (3) V and Co (4) V and Fe2+
2+
Type : 3 (Crystal Fi`eld Theory and Colour)
17. Consider that a d6 metal ion (M2+) forms a complex with aqua ligands and the spin only
magnetic moment of the complex is 4.90 BM. The geometry and the crystal field stabilisation
energy of the complex is [JEE Main 2020]
(1) tetrahedral and –1.6 ∆t + 1 P (2) octahedral and –2.4 ∆0 + 2 P
(3) octahedral and –1.6 ∆0 (4) tetrahedral and –0.6 ∆t
18. The d-electron configuration of [Ru(en)3]Cl2 and [Fe(H2O)6]Cl2, respectively are

[JEE Main 2020]
6 0 6 0 6 0 4 2 4 2 6 0 4 2 4 2
(1) t 2geg and t 2geg (2) t 2geg and t 2geg (3) t 2geg and t 2geg (4) t 2geg and t 2geg
19. The crystal field stabilization energy (CFSE) of [CoF3(H2O)3](∆0 < P) is [JEE Main 2020]
(1) –0.8 ∆0 (2) –0.8 ∆0 + 2P (3) –0.4 ∆0 (4) –0.4∆0 + P
20. The value of the crystal field stabilization energies for a high spin d6 metal ion in octahedral
and tetrahedral fields respectively are [JEE Main 2020]
(1) –0.4 ∆0 and –0.27∆t (2) –1.6 ∆0 and –0.4 ∆t
(3) –2.4 ∆0 and –0.6 ∆t (4) –0.4 ∆0 and –0.6 ∆t
21. Considering that ∆0 > P, the magnetic moment (in BM) of [Ru(H2O)6]2+ would be………… .
[JEE Main 2020]
22. Among the statements (A)-(D), the incorrect ones are
(a) octahedral Co(III) complexes with strong, field ligands have very high magnetic moments
(b) When ∆0 < P, the d-electron configuration of Co(III) is an octahedral complex is t eg,eg
4 2
(c) Wavelength of light absorbed by [Co(en)3]3+ is lower than that of [CoF6]3–

(d) If the ∆0 for an octahedral complex of Co(III) is 18,000 cm–1, the ∆t for its tetrahedral
complex with the same ligand will be 16,000 cm–1 [JEE Main 2020]
(1) b and c only (2) a and b only (3) c and d only (4) a and d only

23. Three complexes,
[CoCl(NH3)5]2+ (I), [Co(NH3)5 H2O]3+ (II) and [Co(NH3)6]3+ (III)
Absorb light in the visible region. The correct order of the wavelength of light absorbed by
them is [JEE Main 2019]
(1) II > I > III (2) I > II > III (3) III > I > II (4) III > II > I
24. [Ti(H2O)6]3+ absorbs light of wavelength 498 nm during a d – d transition. The octahedral
splitting energy for the above complex is _______ × 10–19 J. (Round off to the Nearest
Integer). h = 6.626 × 10–34 Js; c = 3 × 108 ms–1. [JEE Main 2021]
25. The complexes [Cr(H2O)6]Cl3 (A) and [Cr(NH3)6]Cl3 (B) are violet and yellow coloured,
respectively. The incorrect statement regarding them is [JEE Main 2019]
(1) ∆o value for (A) is less than that of (B)
(2) both absorb energies corresponding to their complementary colours
(3) ∆o values of (A) and (B) are calculated from the energies of violet and yellow light,
respectively.
(4) both are paramagnetic with three unpaired electrons
26. The complex that has highest crystal field splitting energy (∆), is [JEE Main 2019]
(1) [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2 (2) [Co(NH3)5(H2O)]Cl3
(3) K3[Co(CN)6] (4) K2[CoCl4]
27. Homoleptic octahedral complexes of a metal ion 'M3+' with three monodentate ligands L1, L2
and L3 absorb wavelengths in the region of green, blue and red respectively. The increasing
order of the ligand strength is [JEE Main 2019]
(1) L1 < L2 < L3 (2) L2 < L1 < L3 (3) L3 < L1 < L2 (4) L3 < L2 < L1
28. Complete removal of both the axial ligands (along the z-axis) from an octahedral complex
leads to which of the following splitting patterns? [JEE Main 2019]
dx 2 − y 2 dz2 dx 2 − y 2 dx 2 y 2
dxy dx 2 − y 2 dz2 dz2
(1) E (2) E (3) E (4) E
dz2 dxz ,dyz dxy dyz ,dxz
dxz,dyz dxz dxz,dyz dxy
Type : 4 (Isomerism)
29. Match List-I with List-II
List-I List-II
(a) [Co(NH3)6] [Cr(CN)6] (i) Linkage isomerism
(b) [Co(NH3)3 (NO2)3] (ii) Solvate isomerism
(c) [Cr(H2O6)]Cl3 (iii) Co-ordination isomerism
3–
(d) cis-[CrCl2(ox)2] (iv) Optical isomerism
(1) (a)-(iii), (b)-(i), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iv) (2) (a)-(iv), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iii), (d)-(i)
(3) (a)-(ii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iii), (d)-(iv) (4) (a)-(i), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iii), (d)-(iv) [JEE Main 2021]

30. The correct structures of trans-[NiBr2(PPh3)2] and meridonial –[Co(NH3)3(NO2)3,] respectively,
are [JEE Main 2021]
NO2 NO2
Ph3P Br H3N NO2 Ph3P Br O2N NH3
Ni and Co Ni and Co
(1) Br PPh3 H3N NO2 (2) Ph3P Br O2N NH3
NH3 NH3
NH3 NO2
Ph3P Br O2N NH3 Ph3P Br H3N NO2
Ni and Co Ni and Co
(3) O2N NO2 (4) Br PPh3 O2N NH3
Ph3P Br
NH3 NH3
31. The one that is not expected to show isomerism is [JEE Main 2020]
2+ 2+
(1) [Ni(NH3)4(H2O2] (2) [Ni(en)3]
(3) [Ni(NH3)2Cl2] (4) [Pt(NH3)2Cl2]
32. The complex that can show optical activity is [JEE Main 2020]
(1) trans-[Cr(Cl2) (ox)2]3– (2) trans-[Fe(NH3)2(CN)4]–
(3) cis-[Fe(NH3)2(CN)4]– (4) cis-[CrCl2(ox)2]3– (ox = oxalate)
33. Consider the complex ions, trans-[Co(en)2Cl2]+ (A) and cis-[Co(en)2Cl2]+ (B). The correct
statement regarding them is [JEE Main 2020]
(1) both (A) and (B) cannot be optically active
(2) (A) can be optically active, but (B) cannot be optically active
(3) both (A) and (B) can be optically active
(4) (A) cannot be optically active, but (B) can be optically active
Type : 5 (IUPAC Nomenclature)

34. The IUPAC name of the complex [Pt(NH3)2Cl(NH2CH3)]Cl is [JEE Main 2020]
(1) diammine (methanamine) chloride platinum (II) chloride
(2) diamminechlorido (methanamine) platinum (II) chloride
(3) diamminechlorido (amminomethane) platinum (II) chloride
(4) bisammine (methanamine) chloride platinum (II) chloride
35. K3[Fe(CN)6] is –
(i) Potassium hexacynoferrous (III) (ii) Potassium hexacynoferrate (III)
(iii) Potassium ferricyanide (iv) Hexa cyno ferrate (III) potassium
Correct answer is –
(1) Only (i) and (ii) (2) Only (ii) and (iii)
(3) Only (i) and (iii) (4) Only (ii) and (iv)

36. IUPAC name of [Pt(NH3)3(Br)(NO2)Cl]Cl is –
(1) Triamminechloridobromidonitroplatinum (IV) chloride
(2) Triamminebromidonitrochloroplatinum (IV) chloride
(3) Triamminebromidochloridonitroplatinum (IV) chloride
(4) Triamminenitrochloridobromoplatinum (IV) chloride
Type : 6 (Application of Coordination Compounds)
37. The compound that inhibits the growth of tumors is [JEE Main 2019]
(1) trans-[Pt(Cl)2(NH3)2] (2) cis-[Pd(Cl)2(NH3)2]
(3) cis-[Pt(Cl)2(NH3)2] (4) trans-[Pd(Cl)2(NH3)2]
38. The compound used in the treatment of lead poisoning is [JEE Main 2019]
(1) D-penicillamine (2) desferrioxime-B
(3) cis-platin (4) EDTA
39. Wilkinson catalyst is [JEE Main 2019]

(1) [(Et3)P3RhCl] (2) [Et3P)3IrCl](Et = C2H5)
(3) [(Ph3P)3RhCl] (4) [(Ph3P)3IrCl)]
40. Match the metals (Column I) with the coordination compound(s)/enzyme(s) (Column II).
Column I Column II
(a) Co (i) Wilkinson catalyst
(b) Zn (ii) Chlorophyll
(c) Rh (iii) Vitamin-B12
(d) Mg (iv) Cabonic anhydrase [JEE Main 2019]
A B C D
(1) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
(2) (iv) (iii) (i) (ii)
(3) (iii) (iv) (i) (ii)
(4) (ii) (i) (iv) (iii)

ANSWER KEY
1. (3) 2. (3) 3. (2) 4. 6 5. (2)
6. (4) 7. (2) 8. (3) 9. (2) 10. (1)
11. 2 12. (1) 13. (4) 14. (2) 15. (4)
16. (3) 17. (4) 18. (2) 19. (3) 20. (4)
21. 0 22. (4) 23. (2) 24. 4 25. (3)
26. (3) 27. (3) 28. (1) 29. (1) 30. (4)
31. (3) 32. (4) 33. (4) 34. (2) 35. (2)
36. (3) 37. (3) 38. (4) 39. (3) 40. (3)
SOLUTIONS
1. Neutral dimethyl glyoxime does not act as ligand. When Ni2+ reacts with dimethyl glyoxime in
presence of NH4OH, it produce dimethyl glyoximate then it form rozy red ppt.
2+
Ni(aq) + 2dmg− → [Ni(dmg)2 ]
Rosy red ppt.
2. Ambident nucleophile
(A) KCN & AgCN
(C) AgNO2 & KNO2
3. H2O OH2 O OΘ
H
Cu2+ O S
H
H2O OH2 O OΘ
Hydrogen bonded
water molecule = 1
Secondary valency = 4
4. EDTA4– is ethylenediaminetetraacetate anion. It is a polyprotic acid containing four carboxylic
acid groups and two amine groups with lone-pair electrons that chelate calcium and several
other metal ions, it has six coordination sites.
O O
–
O—C—CH2 CH2—C—O
N CH2CH2 N
–
O—C—CH2 CH2—C—O
O O
It is a hexadentate ligands.

5. The given ligand is tetradentate. It contains four donor atoms. It can bind through two nitrogen
and two oxygen atom to the central metal ion.
Ligand bound to the central atom or ion through coordinate bond in the coordination entity. It
act as a Lewis base. The attacking site of the given ligand is given in bold.
NEt2
N
OΘ ΘO
6. The coordination numbers of Co and Al in [Co(Cl)(en)2]Cl and K3[Al(C2O4)3] are 5 and 6

respectively.
In first complex, 'en' is a didentate ligand and 'Cl' is a unidentate ligand.
[Co(Cl)(en)2]Cl, coordination number = 1 + 2 × 2 = 1 + 4 ⇒ 5
So, the coordination number is 5.
For K3[Al(C2O4)3],'C2O42–' is a didentate ligand.
Coordination number = 3 × 2 = 6.
Hence, coordination number is 6.
7. Coordination number is defined as the total number of ligands to which the metal is directly
attached.
O
C C
Here, C2O42– is a bidentate ligand, M (Metal) and H2O is a monodentate ligands,
C C
O
H2O M
So, total number of sites offered by C2O22– and H2O ligands around Th(V) = Coordination
number of Th (IV) = 4 × 2 (by C2O42–) + 2 × 1 (by H2O) = 10
d2sp
3
4–
8. [Mn(CN)6]
Mn+2 d5 d5
CN– –SFL
∆0 > P
∴ hybridisation is d2sp3 and due to
presence of unpaired e– complex
is paramagnetic in nature.
d2sp3
3–
[Fe(CN)6]
Fe+3 d5 d5
CN– –SFL
∆0 > P
∴ hybridisation is d2sp3 and due to
presence of unpaired e– complex
is paramagnetic in nature.

9. (i) [FeCl4]–2 ⇒ t2
⇒ [Ar]3d
+2 6
Fe
=
µ n(n + 2) BM
= 4(4 + 2) BM
= 24 BM ⇒ 4.90 BM
(ii) [Co(C2O4)3]–3
eg
⇒ [Ar]3d6
+3
Co
t2g
µ=0
(iii) MnO4–2
Mn+6 ⇒ [Ar]3d1 =
µ n(n + 2) BM
= 1(1 + 2) BM
= 3 BM ⇒ 1.73 BM
10. Complex
(i) [FeF6]3– Fe3+ ⇒ [Ar]3d5, F– is WFL
Fe3+
n = 5, µ = 35 B.M.
(ii) [Co(NH3)6]3+ ⇒ Co3+[Ar]3d6, NH3 is SFL
Co3+
3d
n = 0, µ = 0
2–
(iii) [NiCl4] Ni 2+
⇒ [Ar]3d8, Cl– → WFL
Ni2+
3d
n = 2, µ = 8 B.M.
(iv) [Cu(NH3)4]2+ Cu2+ ⇒ [Ar] 3d9, NH3 → SFL
Cu2+
3d 4s 4p
n = 1, µ = 3 B.M.
Thus correct order of spin only magnetic moment is (i) > (iii) > (iv) > (ii)

11. Z = 29 (Cu)
Cu2+ form [Cu(H2O)4]2+ complex ion with H2O.
[Cu(H2O)4]2+ ⇒ Cu2+ [Ar]3d9, H2O → WFL
Cu2+
3d
number of unpaired e– = 1
µ= 1(1 + 2) B.M.
µ = 3 ⇒ 1.73 B.M. ⇒ round off ans. ⇒ 2
12. Electronic configuration of divalent metal ion having atomic number 25 is

1s2 2s2 2s2 3s2 3p6 3d5
Mn+2 ⇒
(aq)
Total number of unpaired electron = 5

µ (Magnetic moment) = n(n + 2) BM
where n = number of unpaired e–
∴ µ= 5(5 + 2)= 35 BM= 5.92 BM
13. (I) [Cr(H2O)6]Br2, chromium is in Cr2+ having electronic configuration [Ar]3d4.

H2O is a weak field ligand.
It has octahedral geometry
3 1
∴ 3d4 = t 2geg
Unpaired electron = 4
µs= 4×6 = 24 BM.
(II) Na4[Fe(CN)6] → Fe2+ = [Ar]3d6

CN– is a strong field ligand
Octahedral geometry
∴
6 0
3d6 = t 2geg
Unpaired electrons = 0
µs = 0
(III) Na3[Fe(C2O4)3] → Fe3+ = [Ar]3d5
∆0 > p (Given)
Octahedral geometry
5 0
∴ 3d5 = t 2geg

Unpaired electrons = 1; µs = 3 = 1.73 BM
(IV) [Et4N]2[CoCl4][CoCl4]2– : Co2+ = [Ar]3d7
Cl– is a weak field ligand.
In this complex, coordination number is 4
Tetrahedral geometry
Splitting of d-orbitals in tetrahedral field is
t 32
7
d
4
e
Unpaired electrons = 3; µs = 15 BM
∴ Spin only magnetic moment order is : I > IV > III > II
14. The correct order of the spin only magnetic moment of metal ions in the given low-spin
complexes is V2+ > Cr2+ > Ru3+ > Fe2+.
All the given complexes possess strong field ligands (CN, NH3). Hence, readily form low spin
complexes.
Oxidation No. of unpaired
Complex Configuration Orbital splitting
State electrons
eg
[V(CN)6]4– V2+ t 32ge0g 3

t 2g
eg
4 0
[Cr(NH3)6]2+ Cr2+ t 2g eg 2
t 2g
eg
[Ru(NH3)6]3+ Ru3+ t 52ge0g 1

t 2g
eg
[Fe(CN)6]4– Fe2+ t 62ge0g 0

t 2g

15. The difference the number of unpaired electrons of different metal ions in their high spin and
low spin octahedral complexes are given in the table below:
Metal ion Number of e– in high spin complex (n1)
3d 4s 4p 4d
2+
Mn
n1 = 5
3d 4s 4p 4d
2+
Fe
n1 = 4
3d 4s 4p 4d
Ni2+ n1 = 2
2+
Ni does not form low spin octahedral
complexes.
3d 4s 4p 4d
2+
Co
∴ n1 = 3
Number of e– in low spin complex (n2) n2–n1

3d 4s 4p 4d
5–1=4
n2 = 1
3d 4s 4p 4d
4–1=4
n2 = 0
3d 4s 4p 4d
3–1=2
∴ n1 = 1
16. As H2O is a weak field ligand. It readly forms high spin complexes. In [M(H2O)6]Cl2, M exist in
+2 oxidation state. The arrangement of electrons in the given metal ions are as follows:
Metal Configuration Number of Spin only Magnetic moment
ions unpaired (in BM) = n(n + 2)
electrons
Co2+ (d7) = t 52ge2g 3 3.9
Fe2+ 4 2
(d6) = t 2g eg 4 4.9
Cr2+ (d4) = t 32ge1g 4 4.9
Mn2+ (d5) = t 32ge2g 5 5.9
V2+ (d3) = t 32ge0g 3 3.9
Therefore, Co2+ and V2+ contains same value of magnetic moment (3.9 BM).

17. M26 + + mH2O → [M(H2O)m ]2+
(d )
Here, H2O is a weak field ligand and it should give a high spin paramagnetic (µ = 4.90 BM)
complex ion.
We know, µ = n(n + 2) BM = 4.90 BM (n = 4)
[∴ n = Number of unpaired electrons in the complex]
(n–1)d6 ns0 np0
M2+ = (d6) =
H2O H2O H2O H2O
n=4
2+ 3
M is sp + hybridized, i.e. it is a
tetrahedral complex ion
2+
[M(H2O)4] [∴ M = 4]
So, the complex will experience splitting of (n–1)d-orbitals in tetrahedral field.

t2
+0.4∆t
+0.6∆t
e
CFSE = [(–0.6) × 3 + (0.4) × 3]∆t = – 0.6∆t
Number of Number of
Electrons in e set. Electrons in t2 set.
So, the geometry and the crystal field stabilisation energy of the complex is tetrahedral and –
0.6 ∆t respectively
6 0 4 2
18. The d-electron configuration [Ru(en)3]Cl2 and [Fe(H2O)6]Cl2 respectively are t 2geg and t 2geg .
[Ru(en)3]Cl2
Ru = 4d series
en = bidentate ligand (strong field ligand)
C.N. = 6
Oxidation number + 2
Ru2+ = [Kr] 4d65s0
Ru2+ =
4d 5s 5p
In presence of en, pairing should be done
eg
0.6∆0
[Ru(en)3]Cl2 =
D0 t 62g,e0g
(n-1)d 0.4∆0
(4d)
t 62g

For [Fe(H2O)6]Cl2 ⇒ H2O (weak field ligand)
Oxidation number = +2; C.N. = 6
Fe2+ = 3d6
Fe2+ =
eg
[Fe(H2O)6]Cl2 = 0.6∆0
∆0 t 2g
4
,e2g
(n-1)d 0.4∆0
(3d)
t 2g
19. [CoF3(H2O)3] is an octahedral complex.
In this complex (compound) all ligands are weak field ligand.
With weak field ligands ∆0 < P (pairing energy), so the electronic configuration of Co(III) will be
4 0
t 2g eg , i.e. it has four unpaired electrons.
eg
+0.6∆
∆0
Degenerate +0.4∆
d-orbital of
3+
Co ion t2g
Here, CFSE can be calculated as:

CFSE = [–04.x + 0.6y]∆0
Where, ∆0 = CFSE in octahedral complex
x = Number of electrons in t2g orbitals
y = Number of unpaired electrons in eg orbitals
= [0.4 × 4 + 0.6 × 2] ∆0 + 0
= [–1.6 + 12]∆0 = [0.4 ∆0]
Hence, the crystal field stabilization energy (CFSE) of [CoF3(H2O)3] will be –0.4∆0.
20. Crystal field stabilization energy (CFSE) for high spin d6 metal ion.
Crystal field splitting in octahedral field.
neg= 2
eg
6
d
nt2g= 4
t2g
CFSE = [ −0.4nt2g + 0.6neg ]∆0
= [–0.4 × 4 + 0.6 × 2]∆0 = –0.4 ∆0

Crystal filed splitting in tetrahedral field
nt2g= 3
eg
6
d
neg= 3

CFSE = ( −0.6neg + 0.4nt 2g )∆t
= (–0.6 × 3 + 0.4 × 3)∆t

= (–1.8 × 1.2)∆t = 0.6∆t
21. Magnetic moment (in BM) of [Ru(H2O)6]2 would be;

While considering that ∆0 > P, Ru(44); [Kr]4d75s1 (in ground state)
⇒ In Ru2+ ⇒ 4d6 ⇒ (t2g)6(eg)0
(eg)0
∆0. > P
4d6 (t2g)
6
t2g
⇒ Here, number of unpaired electrons in Ru2+ = (t2g)6(eg)0 = 0 and hence

=
µ n(n + 2) BM = 0 BM
6 0
22. (a) Co3+ has d6 configuration with strong field ligands, the configuration becomes t eg,eg .
As no unpaired electron is present in Co3+, so it has zero magnetic moment.
∴ Statement is incorrect.
(b) When ∆0 < P, pairing of d-electrons takes place only after filling every orbital with single
electron.
∴ Configuration of d6 = t eg,eg
4 2
Statement is correct.
(c) 'en' or ethan-1, 2-diamine has greater field strength than F– .
∴ Frequency of light absorbed in [Co(en)3]3+ is greater and wavelength is lower than [CoF6]3–.
Thus, this statement is correct.
4
(d) ∆t ≈ ∆ o for complexes with same metal and ligand.
9
4
∴ ∆t must be × 18000 = 8000 cm–1.
9
This statement is incorrect.
Hence, among the given options, option (d) is correct
23. The complexes can be written as :

I. [CoCl(NH3)5]2+ ≡ [Co(NH3)5(Cl)]2+]
II. [Co[NH3]5]H2O]3+ ≡ [Co(NH3)5(H2O)]3+
III. [Co[NH3]5]3+ ≡ [Co(NH3)5(NH3)]3+
So, the differentiating ligand in the octahedral complexes of Co(III) in I, II and III are Cl⊕, H2O
and NH3 respectively. In the spectrochemical series, the order of this power for crystal field
splitting is Cl– < H2O < NH3.

So, the crystal field splitting energy (magnitude) order will be
∆ CFSE
0 (I) < ∆ 0CFSE (II) < ∆ 0CFSE (III)
and the order of wavelength (λ) of light absorbed by the complexes will be
 1
λ(I) > λ(Il) > λ(III) Energy ( ∆ 0 ) ∝ λ 
CFSE
 
24. λabsorbed = 498 nm (given)
The octahedral spilitting energy
hc 6.626 × 10 –34 × 3 × 108
∆0 or E = =
λ 498 × 10−9
= 0.0399 × 10–17 J
= 3.99 × 10–19 J
= 4.00 × 10–19 J (round off)
25. 'A' absorbs yellow light of less energy and emits violet light of high energy (complementary
colour) because H2O is a weak field ligand. But in case 'B', due to presence of strong field
ligand (NH3), it absorbs high energy violet light and emits low energy complementary yellow
colour. ∆(CFSE) is measured with help of wavelength of the compound, as
c
∆ o = hν = h ×
λ
Both the complexes contain three unpaired electrons. Therefore, both are paramagnetic.
26. All of the complex given are the octahedral complexes of Co(III) except K2[CoCl4], which is a
tetrahedral complex of Co(II) (sp3-hybridised).
 4 
We know, ∆t < ∆o  ∆ t = ∆o
 9 
So, the octahedral complexes (a, b, c) have higher ∆o values than that of tetrahedral,
K2[CoCl4].
Now, for the complexes, a, b and c, the magnitude of ∆o ∝ ligands strength, which is based on
their positions in the spectrochemical series.
Cl– < H2O < NH3 < CN–
Hence, K3[Co(CN)6] will have the highest ∆ value.
27. In homoleptic complexes, the metal atom/ion is linked to only one type of ligand. Assuming,
ligands are neutral, the octahedral complexes of M3+ can be,
[M(L1)6]3+, [M(L2)6]3+ and [M(L3)6]3+
(I) (II) (III)
λAbsorption Green Blue Red(wavelength)
So, λIII
L3
> λIL1 > λIIL2
∴ ∆ °absorption λIIL2 > λIL1 > λIII
L3
1
[ Energy (D, CFSE) ∝ ]
λ

We know, ligand strength ∝ ∆ °absorption
So, the increasing order of the ligand strength will be, L3 < L1 < L2
28. Complete removal of both the axial ligands (along the z-axis) from an octahedral complex
leads to the following splitting pattern.
dx 2 y 2
dxy
Energy eg
dz2
t 2g
dxydyz
The single electron in the dx2 − y2 orbital is being repelled by four ligands, while the electron in
the dz2 orbital is only being repelled by two ligands. Thus, the energy of the dx2 − y2 increases
relative to that of dz2 . A more stable arrangement arises when both the eg electrons pair up
and occupy the lower energy dz2 orbital. This leaves the dx2 − y2 orbital empty.
Thus, four ligands can now approach along +x, –x, +y and –y directions without any difficulty
as dx2 − y2 orbital is empty. However, ligands approaching along +z and –z directions meet very
strong repulsive forces from filled dz2 orbitals. Thus, only four ligands succeed in bonding to
the metal. A square planar complex is formed, the attempt to form an octahedral complex
being unsuccessful.
29. Complex Type of Isomerism
(a) [Co(NH3)6] [Cr(CN)6] Co-ordination isomerism
(b) [Co(NH3)3 (NO2)3] Linkage isomerism
(c) [Cr(H2O)6]Cl3 Solvate isomerism
3–
(d) cis-[CrCl2(ox)2] Optical isomerism
30. trans-[Ni Br2(PPh3)2] is

Ph3P Br
Ni
Br PPh3
Meridional – [Co(NH3)3(NO2)3] is
NO2
H3N NO2
Co
O2N NH3
NH3

31. [Ni(NH3)4(H2O2]2+ of formula Ma4b2 shows geometrical isomerism,
b a
a a a b
M M
a a a b
b a
Trans Cis (±) [also shows
optical isomerism]
[Ni(en)3]2+ of formula, M(a-a)3 show optical isomerism.
a a
a a a a
M M
a a a a
a a
Enantiomeric (±) Meso form
In [Ni(NH3)2Cl2] Ni(II) is sp3-hybrisised. So, the complex has tetrahedral geometry. So,
stereoisomers (geometrical and optical) as well as structural isomerism will not be shown by
the complex. In [Pt(NH3)2Cl2], Pt(II) is dsp2-hybridised and the complex has square planar
geometry of general formula, Ma2b2 which shown geometrical isomerism.
a b a b
M M
a b a a
cis trans
Cl 3– –
NH3
NC CN
ox ⇒ trans-[Cr(Cl2)(ox)2]
3–
(a) ox ⇒ trans-[Fe(NH3)2(CN)4]
Cr –
32. (b) Fe
will give super imposable NC CN will also give super
mirror image imposable mirror image
Cl NH3
(Optically inactive) (Optically inactive)
ox 3–
CN –
Cl
NC NH3 ⇒ cis-[CrCl2(ox)2]3–
(c) ⇒ cis-[Fe(NH3)2(CN)4] (d)
– Cr
Fe Will give non-supper
Cl
NC NH3 has also plane of imposable mirror image.
symmetry and it is also So, it is optically active.
CN ox
Optically inactive
So, option (d) is correct.
33. (A) trans-[Co(en)2Cl2]+

Cl
en Co en
Cl
trans-form
(A)

(A) is a trans-form and shows plane of symmetry which makes it optically inactive (not
optically active).
(B) cis-[Co(en)2Cl2]+
Cl
Cl
en Co
en
cis-form
(B)
cis-form does not contain any plane of symmetry. So that, the compound (B) is optically
active.
34. The given compound has a cationic part [Pt(NH3)2Cl(NH2CH3)]+ and anionic part Cl–. Cationic
part is a complex, so its name starts with ligands in alphabetical order followed by metal (with
oxidation number in bracket).
Ligands are NH3 (ammine), Cl– (chloride) and CH3NH2(methanamine). For two NH3 diammine
is used. 'Methanamine' is written inside paranthesis or bracket because it is itself a composite
name. (For such ligands, when two of them are present, 'bis' is used instead of 'di'). Oxidation
number of Pt in the complex is +2.
∴ The correct IUPAC name is diammine-chlorido (methanamine) platinum (II) chloride.
37. cis-[Pt(Cl)2(NH3)2] is known as cis-platin. It is a σ-bonded organo-metallic compound and is

used as an anti-tumor agent in the treatment of cancer.
H3N II Cl
Pt
H3N Cl
38. The compound used in the treatment of lead poisoning is EDTA. Medication occurs through
chelation therapy. Calcium disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid chelates divalent metal
ion such as Pb2+ from plasma and interstitial body fluids.
The metal displaces Ca and is chelated, mobilized and usually excreated. Less then 5%
CaNa2 EDTA is absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and it possibly increases the absorption
of Pb present in the tract. Therefore, it is not recommended for oral use. It is usually given
intravenously.
39. Wilkinson's catalyst is a σ-bonded organometallic compound [Ph3P)3RhCl]. It is commercially

used for hydrogenation of alkenes and vegetable oils (unsaturated).
IUPAC name Chloridotris (triphenylphosphene) rhodium (I).
||
40. (A) Co is present in vitamin-B12 (iii) having molecular formula, C63H88 CoNa14O14P .
(B) Zn is present in carbonaic anhydrase (iv) in which three histidine units and the –OH group
coordinate with one Zn (II) ion.
(C) Rh is present in Wilkinson catalyst (i) having molecular formula [(Ph3P)3RhCl].
||
(D) Mg is present in chlorophyll (ii) having molecular formula C55H70O6N4 Mg (chlorophyll-b).

Type : 1 (Physical Properties of D-Block)
1. The correct order of the first ionization enthalpies is [JEE Main 2019]
(1) Mn < Ti < Zn < Ni (2) Ti < Mn < Zn < Ni
(3) Zn < Ni < Mn < Ti (4) Ti < Mn < Ni < Zn
2. The pair that has similar atomic radii is

(1) Mn and Re (2) Ti and Hf (3) Sc and Ni (4) Mo and W
3. The transition element having least enthalpy of atomization is

(1) Zn (2) V (3) Fe (4) Cu
4. The element that usually does not show variable oxidation states is
(1) Sc (2) Cu (3) Ti (4) V
5. Which of the following compounds is metallic and ferromagnetic?

(1) CrO2 (2) VO2 (3) MnO2 (4) TiO2
Type : 2 (Chemical Properties of D-Block)

6. On treating a compound with warm dil. H2SO4, gas X is evolved which turns K2Cr2O7 paper
acidified with dil. H2SO4 to a green compound Y. X and Y respectively are -
(1) X = SO2, Y = Cr2O3 (2) X = SO3, Y = Cr2O3
(3) X = SO2, Y = Cr2(SO4)3 (4) X = SO3, Y = Cr2(SO4)3 [JEE Main 2021]
7. Dichromate ion is treated with base, the oxidation number of Cr in the product formed is
______.
8. In mildly alkaline medium, thiosulphate ion is oxidized by to "A". The oxidation state of
sulphur in "A" is ______.

Statement I : Potassium permanganate on heating at 573 K forms potassium manganate.
Statement II : Both potassium permanganate and potassium manganate are tetrahedral and
paramagnetic in nature.
given below :
(1) Statement I is true but statement II is false
(2) Both statement I and statement II are true
(3) Statement I is false but statement II is true
(4) Both statement I and statement II are false
10. The common positive oxidation states for an element with atomic number 24, are :
(1) +2 to +6 (2) +1 and +3 to +6 (3) +1 and +3 (4) +1 to +6
11. The incorrect statement is:

(1) Manganate ion is green in colour and permanganate ion is purple in colour.
(2) Manganate and permanganate ions are paramagnetic.
(3) In manganate and permanganate ions, the π-bonding takes place by overlap of p-orbitals
of oxygen and d-orbitals of manganese.
(4) Manganate and permanganate ions are tetrahedral.
12. Consider the following reactions :

NaCl + K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4 → (A) + side products (conc.)
(A) + NaOH → (B) + side products
(B) + H2SO4 + H2O2 → (C) + side products (dilute)
The sum of the total number of atoms in one molecule each ot (A), (B) and (C) is………. .
13. The sum of the total number of bonds between chromium and oxygen atoms in chromate and
dichromate ions is…………. .
14. Thermal decomposition of a Mn compound (X) at 513 K results in compound (Y), MnO2 and a
gaseous product. MnO2 reacts with NaCl and concentrated H2SO4 to give a pungent gas Z.
X, Y and Z, respectively, are
(1) K3MnO4, K2MnO4 and Cl2 (2) K2MnO4, KMnO4 and SO2
(3) KMnO4, K2MnO4 and Cl2 (4) K2MnO4, KMnO4 and Cl2

15. In the following reactions, ZnO is respectively acting as a /an
(i) ZnO + Na2O 
→ Na2ZnO2
(ii) ZnO + CO2 
→ ZnCO3
(1) base and acid (2) base and base
(3) acid and acid (4) acid and base
16. The reaction of zinc with dilute and concentrated nitric acid, respectively, produce
(1) NO2 and NO (2) NO and N2O
(3) NO2 and N2O (4) N2O and NO2
17. The colur of KMnO4 is due to

(1) M → L charge transfer transition (2) d – d transition
*
(3) L → M charge transfer transition (4) σ – σ transition
Type : 3 (Physical Properties of F-Block)

Statement I : The E° value of Ce4+ / Ce3+ is + 1.74 V.
Statement II : Ce is more stable in Ce4+ state than Ce3+ state.
given below :
(1) Both statement I and statement II are correct
(2) Statement I is incorrect but statement II is correct
(3) Both statement I and statement II are incorrect
(4) Statement I is correct but statement II is incorrect
[JEE Main 2021]
19. The lanthanoid that does not show +4 oxidation state is

(1) Dy (2) Ce (3) Eu (4) Tb
20. The lanthanide ion that would show colour is

(1) Gd3+ (2) Sm3+ (3) La3+ (4) Lu3+
21. The highest possible oxidation states of uranium and plutonium, respectively, are
(1) 7 and 6 (2) 6 and 7 (3) 6 and 4 (4) 4 and 6

22. The effect of lanthanoid contraction in the lanthanoid series of elements by and large means
(1) increase in atomic radii and decrease in ionic radii
(2) decrease in both atomic and ionic radii
(3) increase in both atomic and ionic radii
(4) decrease in atomic radii radii and increase in ionic radii
23. The correct order of atomic radii is

(1) Ho > N > Eu < Ce (2) N > Ce > Eu > Ho
(3) Eu > Ce > Ho > N (4) Ce > Eu > Ho > N
Type : 4 (Chemical Properties of F-Block)

24. Given below are two statements:
Statement I : CeO2 can be used for oxidation of aldehydes and ketones.
Statement II : Aqueous solution of EuSO4 is a strong reducing agent.
[JEE Main 2021]
25. Which one of the following lanthanoids does not form MO2? [M is lanthanoid metal]
(1) Pr (2) Dy (3) Nd (4) Yb

ANSWER KEY
1. (4) 2. (4) 3. (1) 4. (1) 5. (1)
6. (3) 7. (6) 8. (6) 9. (1) 10. (1)
11. (2) 12. (18.00) 13. (12.00) 14. (3) 15. (4)
16. (4) 17. (3) 18. (4) 19. (3) 20. (2)
21. (2) 22. (2) 23. (3) 24. (3) 25. (4)
SOLUTIONS
1. The 3d-transition series is
Ti Mn Ni Zn
Atomic Sc V Cr Fe Co Cu
number 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 28 30
⇓ ⇓ ⇓ ⇓
Outermost
2 2 2 2 6 2 10 2
Electronic 3d 4s 3d 4s 3d 4s 3d 4s
Configuration
In 1st ionization, one electron will be removed from 4s2 subshell/orbital.

With increases in atomic number (Z), i.e., with increase in number or protons in the nucleus,
effective nuclear charge (Z*) also increases from Sc to Zn.
IE ∝ Z*
So, IE order of the given elements will be, Ti < Mn < Ni < Zn
2. The pair that has similar atomic radii is Mo and W. It is due to lanthanoid contraction. The
factor responsible for lanthanoid contraction is the imperfect shielding of one electron by
another in the same set of orbitals. Shielding of 4f is very less due to its diffused shape. As a
result, nuclear charge increases. Hence, Mo and W have similar atomic radii.
3. For transition metals,

∆H°Atomisation ∝ Strength of metallic bonding
∝ Number of unpaired electrons in the metal atom.

For the given 3d-transition metals,
V Fe Cu Zn
3 2 6 2 10 1
3d 4s 3d 4s 3d 4s 3d 4s0
10
n=3 n=4 n=0 n=0

[Q n = no. of unpaired electrons]

∆°HAtomisation (kJ mol–1) = 515 418 339 130
So, absence of unpaired d-electrons and larger size of Zn atoms, make the crystal lattice of
Zn less closely packed.
4. The most stable oxidation states in the compounds of the given transition metals of 3d-series
are:
Sc : +3; Ti: +3, + 4; +2, +3, +4, +5;
Cu : +1, +2
The electronic configuration of Sc (Z = 21) is [Ar] 3d1, 4s2.
Due to the presence of only one 3d- electron (no pairing energy) and two 4s-electrons, they
easily ionise to achieve most stable +3 oxidation state.
5. Only three elements iron (Fe), cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni) show ferromagnetism at room
temperature. CrO2 is also a metallic and ferromagnetic compound which is used to make
magnetic tapes for cassette recorders.
6. SO2 + dil H2SO4 → SO3(g)

SO3 + K2Cr2O7 
dil.
→ Cr2(SO4)3
H2SO 4
7. Cr2O72– + OH– → CrO42–

Oxidation state of Cr in CrO42– is +6
+4
8. MnO−4 + S2O32− → MnO2 + SO24−
(A)
Oxidation state of 'S' in SO42– = + 6
9. 2KMnO4 
573K
→ K 2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
Potassium Potassium
permanganate manganate
O – O 2–
Mn 2K+ Mn
O O O O
O O
Tetrahedral Tetrahedral
unit unit
diamagnetic paramagnetic
Statement-I is correct.
Statement-II is incorrect.

10. Cr(Z=24)
[Ar]4s13d5 Cr shows common oxidation states starting from +2 to +6
11. Statement (2) is incorrect whereas all other statements are correct. Corrected statement is:
(2) Manganate ions contain 1 unpaired electron that it shows paramagnetic nature but
permanganate ion, has no unpaired electron so, it shows diamagnetic nature.
Manganate Permanganate
+6 +7
MnO24− MnOΘ4
O O
Mn Mn
O O– O– O O O–
Hybridisation-d3s Hybridisation-d3s
Colour = Green Colour-Purple
Unpair e– = 1e– Unpair e– = No unpair e–
Magnetic nature = Paramagnetic Magnetic nature = Dimagnetic
Other statements are discussed as follows :
(1) Magnetic ions contain 1 unpair electron that it show paramagnetic nature but in
paramagnetic ion has no unpair electron, so it shows diamagnetic nature.
(3) Mn → 3d54s2
G.S
3d 4s 4p
E.S
3d 4s 4p
O → 2s22p4
O
pπ-dπ
2s 2p Mn
pπ-dπ
–
Hybridisation is d s 3 O O O
pπ-dπ
Shape-tetrahedral
O –
It is same as MnO4
3
MnO4 2– Mn d s-hybridisation and
– tetrahedral shape
O O– O
In MnO4– and MnO42–, the p-bonding take place by overlap of p-orbital of oxygen and d-orbital
of Mn. This option is also correct.
(4) We have seen in option (3) maganate and permanganate ions are tetrahedral.
This option is also correct.

12. Reactions :
4NaCl + K2Cr2O7 + 6H2SO4 → 2CrO2Cl2 + 4NaHSO4 + 2KHSO4 + 3H2O
(A)
CrO2Cl2 + 4NaOH → Na2CrO4 + 2NaCl + 2H2O

(B)
Na2CrO4 + 2H2SO4 + 2H2O2 → CrO5 + 2NaHSO4 + 3H2O

(C)
Number of atoms : (A) CrO2Cl2 = 5

(B) Na2CrO4 = 7
(C) CrO5 = 6
∴ A + B + C = 18
13. (
Chromate CrO24− ) Dichromate Cr2O72− ( )
O O O
Cr Cr Cr
– – –
O O– O O O O O O
4 Cr–O or 8Cr–O
Total number of bonds between chromium and oxygen atoms in chromate and dichromate
ions = 4 + 8 = 12
14. Thermal decomposition of Mn compound (X), i.e. KMnO4 at 513 K results in compound Y
(i.e. K2MnO4), MnO2 and a gaseous product. MnO2 reacts with NaCl and concentrated H2SO4
to give a pungent gas Z (i.e. Cl2). The reactions involved are as follows:
2KMnO4 →
513 K
∆
K 2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2 (g)
( X) (Y)
MnO2 + 4NaCl + 4H2SO4 → MnCl2 + 4NaHSO4 + 2H2O + Cl2(g)

(Z) pungent gas
15. Zinc oxide (ZnO) when react with Na2O it act as acid while with CO2 it act base. Therefore, it
is an amphoteric oxide.
ZnO + Na2O 
→ Na2 ZnO2
Acid Base Salt
ZnO + CO2 
→ ZnO3
Base Acid Salt
16. Zn + 4HNO3 
→ Zn(NO3)2 + 2H2O + 2NO2
(Conc.)
4Zn + 10HNO3 
→ 4Zn(NO3)2 + N2O + 5H2O
(Dil.)

17. → K+ + Mn O−4
KMnO4 
∴ In Mn O−4 , Mn has +7 oxidation state having no electron in d-orbitals.
It s considered that higher the oxidation state of metal, greater is the tendency to occur L → M
Charge transfer, because ligand is able to donate the electrons into the vacant d- orbital of
metal.
Since, charge transfer is Laports as well as spin allowed, therefore, it shows colour.
Time Saving Technique There is no need to check all the four options. Just find out the
oxidation state of metal ion. If oxidation state is highest and ligand present there is of electron
donating nature, gives LMCT, which shows more intense colour.
18. The Eº value for Ce4+/Ce3+ is +1.74 V because the most stable oxidation state of lanthanide
series elements is +3. It means Ce3+ is more stable than Ce4+.
19. Europium (Eu = atomic number 63)

Electronic configuration of Eu = [Xe]4f7, 6s2
it can show +2 and +3 oxidation state
in +2 oxidation : Eu2+ = [Xe]4f7, 6s0
in +3 oxidation : Eu3+ = [Xe]4f6, 6s0
Being a typical member of the lanthanide, Eu usually assumes the oxidation state +3 and +2
but it doesn't show +4 oxidation state due to very high ionization energy (4140 kJ/mol).
Hence, the correct option is (3).
20. The lanthanide ion that would show colour is Sm3+. Colour of a compound depends on the
number of electrons in 4f-orbitals.
Electronic configuration of given lanthanides are as follows :
Gd3+ = 4f7 ; Sm3+ = 4f5
La3+ = 4f0; Lu3+ = 4f14
Gd3+ have half-filled 4f-orbitals.
La3+ have no electron in 4f-orbitals.
Lu3+ have fully filled 4f-orbitals.
Only Sm3+ contain 4f5. The electrons can easily undergoes excitation. That result in a
formation of colour.
21. Actinoids show a variety of oxidation states due to comparable energies of 5f, 6d and 7s
energy levels. In the actinoids family (5f-block), uranium (U) neptunium (Np), plutonium(Pu)
and americium (Am) have highest possible oxidation states of +6, +7, +7 and +6 respectively.

22. Lanthanoid contraction in the lanthanoid series takes place due to the presence of electron(s)
in the 4f-orbitals. f-orbitals have poor shielding effect. As a result, the effective nucleur charge
will be more experienced by the 5d and 6s-electrons and it will cause contraction of decreases
in both atomic and ionic radii.
23. The correct order of atomic radii is

Europium (Eu) > Cerium (Ce) > Holmium (Ho) > Nitrogen (N)
199 pm 183 pm 176 pm 65 pm
Note
(i) N being the member of p-block and second period, have the smallest radii.
(ii) Rest of all the 3 members are lanthanides with Eu having stable half-filled
configuration thus with bigger size than rest two.
Among Ce and Ho, Ce has larger size which can be explained on the basis of "Lanthanoid
concentration".
24. The +3 oxidation state of lanthanide is most stable and therefore lanthanide in +4 oxidation
state has strong tendence to gain e– and converted into +3 and therefore act as strong
oxidizing agent. Eg. Ce+4 And therefore CeO2 is used to oxidized alcohol aldehyde and
ketones. Lanthanide in +2 oxidation state has strong tendency to loss e– and converted into
+3 oxidation state therefore act as strong reducing agent.
∴ EuSO4 act as strong reducing agent.
25. Yb is the only element that do not form MO2 type oxide.

Type : 1 (Physical Properties of Alkali Metals)
1. The correct set from the following in which both pairs are in correct order of melting point is :-
(1) LiF > LiCl ; MgO > NaCl (2) LiCl > LiF ; NaCl > MgO
(3) LiF > LiCl ; NaCl > MgO (4) LiCl > LiF ; MgO > NaCl
[JEE Main 2021]
2. Match List-I with List-II :
List-I List-II
(Salt) (Flame colour wavelength)
(a) LiCl (i) 455.5 nm
(b) NaCl (ii) 670.8 nm
(c) RbCl (iii) 780.0 nm
(d) CsCl (iv) 589.2 nm
(1) (a)–(iv), (b)–(ii), (c)–(iii), (d)–(i) (2) (a)–(ii), (b)–(i), (c)–(iv), (d)–(iii)
(3) (a)–(i), (b)–(iv), (c)–(ii), (d)–(iii) (4) (a)–(ii), (b)–(iv), (c)–(iii), (d)–(i)
3. The correct order of conductivity of ions in water is :
(1) Na+ > K+ > Rb+ > Cs+ (2) Cs+ > Rb+ > K+ > Na+
(3) K+ > Na+ > Cs+ > Rb+ (4) Rb+ > Na+ > K+ > Li+
4. The metal mainly used in devising photoelectric cells is
(1) Na (2) Li (3) Cs (4) Rb
5. Among the following, number of metal/s which can be used as electrodes in the photoelectric
cell is _______ (Integer answer)
(1) Li (2) Na (3) Rb (4) Cs
6. The correct order of hydration enthalpies of alkali metal ions is
(1) Li+ > Na+ > K+ >Cs+ > Rb+ (2) Na+ > Li+ > K+ > Rb+ >Cs+
+ + + + +
(3) Na > Li > K > Cs > Rb (4) Li+ > Na+ > K+ > Rb+ >Cs+
Type : 2 (Chemical Properties of Alkali Metals)
7. On combustion of Li, Na and K in excess of air, the major oxides formed, respectively, are
[JEE Main 2020]
(1) Li2O, Na2O and K2O (2) Li2O, Na2O2 and K2O
(3) Li2O, Na2O2 and KO2 (4) Li2O2, Na2O2 and K2O2
8. A hydrated solid X on heating initially gives a monohydrated compound Y . Y upon heating

above 373 K leads to an anhydrous white powder Z. X and Z, respectively, are
(1) baking soda and soda ash (2) washing soda and soda ash
(3) baking soda and dead burnt plaster (4) washing soda and dead burnt plaster
UNLIMITED PRACTICE FOR FREE
: www.atpstar.com PAGE NO.-1
9. The incorrect statement is
(1) lithium is the strongest reducing agent among the alkali metals.
(2) lithium is least reactive with water among the alkali metals.
(3) LiNO3 decomposes on heating to give LiNO2 andO2.
(4) LiCl crystallise from aqueous solution as LiCl · 2H2O ⋅
10. The metal that forms nitride by reacting directly with N2 of air, is
(1) Rb (2) K (3) Cs (4) Li
11. A metal on combustion in excess air forms X. X upon hydrolysis with water yields H0O2 and O2
along with another product. The metal is
(1) Li (2) Mg (3) Rb (4) Na

List-I List-II
(a) Sodium Carbonate (i) Deacon
(b) Titanium (ii) Castner-Kellner
(c) Chlorine (iii) Van-Arkel
(d) Sodium hydroxide (iv) Solvay
(1) (a) → (iv), (b) → (iii), (c) → (i), (d) → (ii) (2) (a) → (i), (b) → (iii), (c) → (iv), (d) → (ii)
(3) (a) → (iv), (b) → (i), (c) → (ii), (d) → (iii) (4) (a) → (iii), (b) → (ii), (c) → (i), (d) → (iv)
Type : 3 (Physical Properties of Alkaline earth Metals)

13. The correct sequence of thermal stability of the following carbonates is [JEE Main 2019]
(1) BaCO3 < CaCO3 < SrCO3 < MgCO3 (2) MgCO3 < CaCO3 < SrCO3 < BaCO
(3) MgCO3 < SrCO3 < CaCO3 < BaCO3 (4) BaCO3 < SrCO3 < CaCO3 < MgCO
14. The amphoteric hydroxide is

(1) Be(OH)2 (2) Ca(OH)2 (3) Sr(OH)2 (4) Mg(OH)2
15. The covalent alkaline earth metal halide

(X =Cl, Br, I) is
(1) SrX (2) CaX2 (3) MgX2 (4) BeX2
16. Among the sulphates of alkaline earth metals, the solubilities of BeSO4 and MgSO4 in water,
respectively, are
(1) poor and poor (2) high and poor (3) high and high (4) poor and high
17. Given below are two statements : One is labelled as Assertion A and the other labelled as
reason R
Assertion A: During the boiling of water having temporary hardness, Mg(HCO3)2 is converted
to MgCO3.
Reason R : The solubility product of Mg(OH)2 is greater than that of MgCO3.
given below :
(1) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
(2) A is true but R is false
(3) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
Type : 4 (Chemical Properties of Alkaline earth Metals)
Statement I : Both CaCl2.6H2O and MgCl2.8H2O undergo dehydration on heating.
Statement II : BeO is amphoteric whereas the oxides of other elements in the same group are
acidic.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :
(4) Statement I is true but statement II is false [JEE Main 2021]
19. Match List-1 with List-II

List-I List-II
(a) Ca(OCI)2 (i) Antacid
1
(b) CaSO4. H2O (ii) Cement
2
(c) CaO (iii) Bleach
(d) CaCO3 (iv) Plaster of paris
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below
(1) a-i, b-iv, c-iii, d-ii (2) a-iii, b-ii, c-iv, d-I
(3) a-iii, b-iv, c-ii, d-i (4) a-iii, b-ii, c-i, d-iv
20. Two elements A and B have similar chemical properties. They don't form solid hydrogen
carbonates, but react with nitrogen to form nitrides. A and B, respectively, are
(1) Na and Rb (2) Na and Ca (3) Cs and Ba (4) Li and Mg
21. Match the following compounds (Column-I) with their uses (Columns-II).
Column-I Column-II
(I) Ca(OH)2 (a) Casts of statues
(II) NaCl (b) White wash
1
(III) CaSO4. H2O (c) Antacid
2
(IV) CaCO3 (d) Washing soda preparation
(1) (I)-(d), (II)-(a), (III)-(c), (IV)-(b) (2) (I)-(b), (II)-(d), (III)-(a), (IV)-(c)
(3) (I)-(b), (II)-(c), (III)-(d), (IV)-(a) (4) (I)-(c), (II)-(d), (III)-(b), (IV)-(a)
22. When gypsum is heated to 393 K, it forms :

(1) Dead burnt plaster (2) CaSO4 .0.5H2O
(3) CaSO4. 5H2O. (4) Anhydrous CaSO4
23. Magnesium powder burns in air to give

(1) MgO andMg3N2 (2)Mg(NO3)2 and Mg3N2
(3) MgO only (4) MgO andMg(NO3)2
Type : 5 (Hydrogen)
24. Statements about heavy water are given below.
A. Heavy water is used in exchange reactions for the study of reaction mechanisms.
B. Heavy water is prepared by exhaustive electrolysis of water
C. Heavy water has higher boiling point than ordinary water.
D. Viscosity of H2O is greater than D2O [JEE Main 2021]
(1) A, B and C only (2) A and B only (3) A and D only (4) A and C only

Statement I : H2O2 can act as both oxidising and reducing agent in basic medium.
Statement II : In the hydrogen economy, the energy is transmitted in the form of dihydrogen.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :
26. The correct statement about H2O2 are :
(A) used in the treatment of effluents.
(B) used as both oxidising and reducing agents.
(C) the two hydroxyl groups lie in the same plane.
(D) miscible with water.
(1) (A), (B), (C) and (D) (2) (A), (B) and (D) only
(3) (B), (C) and (D) only (4) (A), (C) and (D) only
27. The equation that represents the water-gas shift reaction is

(1) C(s) + H2O(g) → CO(g) +H2(g)
1270K
(2) 2C(s) + O2(g) + 4N2(g) → 2CO(g) + 4N2(g)

1273K
(3) CO(g) + H2O(g) 

673K
Catalyst
→ CO2(g) + H2(g)
(4) CH4(g) + H2O(g) →
1270K
Ni
CO(g) + 3H2(g)
28. Hydrogen peroxide, in the pure state, is

(1) non-planar and almost colourless (2) linear and blue in colour
(3) linear and almost colourless (4) planar and blue in colour
29. Dihydrogen of high purity (> 99.95%) is obtained through

(1) the reaction of Zn with dilute HCl
(2) the electrolysis of acidified water using Pt electrodes
(3) the electrolysis of brine solution
(4) the electrolysis of warm Ba(OH)2 solution using Ni electrodes.
30. The chemical nature of hydrogen peroxide is

(1) oxidising and reducing agent in both acidic and basic medium
(2) oxidising and reducing agent in acidic medium, but not in basic medium
(3) reducing agent in basic medium, but not in acidic medium
(4) oxidising agent in acidic medium, but not in basic medium
ANSWER KEY
1. (1) 2. (4) 3. (2) 4. (3) 5. (1)
6. (4) 7. (3) 8. (2) 9. (3) 10. (4)
11. (3) 12. (1) 13. (2) 14. (1) 15. (4)
16. (3) 17. (4) 18. (2) 19. (3) 20. (4)
21. (2) 22. (2) 23. (1) 24. (1) 25. (2)
26. (2) 27. (3) 28. (1) 29. (4) 30. (1)
SOLUTIONS
1. L.E. ∝ M.P.
L.E. : LiF > LiCl, MgO > NaCl
2. Colour λ/nm
Li Crimson red 670.8
Na Yellow 589.2
Rb Red violet 780.0
Cs Blue 455.5
Li+ Na + K + Rb+ Cs +
→ Hydration energy ↑
3.
→ Ionic mobility ↓
→ Conductivity ↓
∴ Correct option is Na+ > K+ > Rb+ > Cs+.
OR
As the size of gaseous ion decreases, it get more hydrated in water and hence, the size of
aqueous ion increases. When this bulky ion move in solution, it experience greater resistance
and hence lower conductivity.
Size of gaseous ion : Cs+ > Rb+ > K+ > Na+
Size of aqueous ion : Cs+ < Rb+ < K+ < Na+
Conductivity: Cs+ > Rb+ > K+ > Na+
4. The expression of kinetic energy (KE) of photoelectrons is : KE = E – E0

where E = Energy of incident light E0 = Threshold energy of the metal used in photoelectric
cells.
A metal with lower ionisation energy (IE) will have lower value of W 0, also which will increases
the value of KE of photoelectric.
Group-1 metals have lower IE, values and we know the order of IE, of group-I metal will be
IE1 : Li > Na > K > Rb > Cs
So, the order is E0 : Li < Na < K < Rb < Cs
Ke : Li < Na < K < Rb < Cs
That is why, Cs metal is the best choice in devising photoelectric cells.
5. Cs is used as electrodes in the photoelectric cell.
6. The correct order of hydration enthalpies of alkali metal ions is

Li+ > Na+ > K+ > Rb+ > Cs+
Li+ possesses the maximum degree of hydration due to its small size. As a consequence of
hydration enthalpy, their mobility also get affected. Cs+ has highest and Li+ has lowest mobility
in aqueous solution.
7. On combustion of Li, Na and K in excess of air, the major oxides formed respectively are Li2O,
Na2O2 and KO2. Reactions are as follows :
Li + O2 → Li2O
Excess Oxide
Na + O2 
→ Na2 O2
Excess Peroxide
K + O2 
→ KO2
Excess Super oxide
8. Baking soda (NaHCO3) is not a hydrated solid. Thus, (X) is not baking soda. Thus, option (1)
and (3) are incorrect. Dead burnt plaster (CaSO4) is obtained from gypsum via the formation
of plaster of Paris.
380 −393K 1 >393K

CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O 
−1/2 H 2 O
→ CaSO 4 · H 2 O 
1 → CaSO 4
Gypsum 2 2
H2O
Dead burnt
Plaster of Pa ris Plaster
(anhydrous)
Therefore, the reaction takes place as follows :
<373K >373K
Na 2 CO3·10H 2 O 
−9H 2 O
→ Na 2 CO3·H 2 O 
− H2O
→ Na 2 CO3
Washing soda Monohydrate Anhydrous white powder
(X) (Y) (soda ash) (Z)
9. Statement (3) is incorrect. LiNO3 (Lithium nitrate) on heating gives a mixture of Li2O, NO2 and
O2.
∆
4LiNO3  → 2Li 2O + 4NO 2 ↑ + O 2 ↑
Among the alkali metals, lithium is the strongest reducing agent.
10. Among the group-1 metals, only Li is able to form its nitride, Li3N . [All alkaline earth metals of
group-2 form their nitride, M3N2]
→ 2Li3 N ( Ruby red solid )
6Li + N 2 
(Air )
I II
[3M + N 2 
→ M3 N 2 ]
Li⊕ is the smallest metal ion of group-1, Smaller size of Li⊕ and larger size of nitride ion, N3–,
enable Li⊕ to polarize the spherical electron cloud of N3– and it gives higher stability to Li3N.
11. Metal (A) is rubidium (Rb). In excess of air, it forms RbO2( X ). X is a superoxide that have
O2− ion. It is due to the stabilisation of large anion by large cations through lattice energy
effects. RbO2(X) gets easily hydrolysed by water to form the hydroxide, H2O2 andO2.
The reaction involved are as follows:
Rb + O 2 
→ RbO 2 (superoxide)
(x )
2RbO 2 + 2H 2 O 
→ 2RbOH + H 2 O 2 + O 2
(x )
12. (a) Sodium carbonate is prepared by Solvay process

(b) Titanium is refined by Van-Arkel process
(c) Chlorine is prepared by Deacon process
(d) Sodium hydroxide is prepared by Castner-Kellner process
13. The correct sequence of thermal stability of carbonates is

MgCO3 < CaCO3 < SrCO3 < BaCO
On moving down the group, i.e. from Mg to Ba, atomic radius generally increases. It is due to
the addition of shell. As a result, the atomic size increases.CO32– is a
large anion. Hence, more stabilised byBa2+ (large cation) and less stabilised byMg2+.
Therefore,BaCO3 has highest thermal stability followed by SrCO3, CaCO3 andMgCO3.
14. For group-2 metal hydroxides, basicity increases down the group, as :
Be(OH)2 < Mg(OH)2 < Ca(OH)2 < Sr(OH)2 < Ba(OH)2
This is because as the size of metal atom increase, M—OH bond length increase or M—OH
bond become weaker thus readily breaks to release OH−ions which are responsible for the
basicity of these solutions.
But Be(OH)2 shows amphoteric (basic as well as acidic) character as it reacts with acid and
alkali both which is shown in the following reactions. Be(OH)2 as a base :
Be(OH)2 + 2HCl → BeCl2 2H2O
Be(OH)2 as an acid :
Be(OH)2 + 2NaOH → Na2[Be(OH)4]
15. Key Idea According to Fajan’s rule, degree of covalency (ionic potential), φ ∝-polarisation
power of the cation ∝ charge on the cation
1
∝
size of the cation
Alkaline earth metals contains bipositive (H2+)+ ions in their compounds.
So, here
(i) Charge on cation, i.e. + 2 is constant.
(ii) Halide present (X–) is also constant.
So, the covalent character depends on the size of alkaline earth metal. As we move down the
group, size of metal ion increases.
Be2+ < Mg2+ < Ca2+ < Sr2+ < Ba2+
So, Be2+ readily forms covalent compounds likeBeX2, because of very high positive charge
density over its small size, so that it readily polarises anionic spherical electron cloud.
16. Hydration enthalpies of BeSO4 and MgSO4 are quite high because of small size of Mg2+ and
Be2+ ions.
These hydration enthalpy values are higher than their corresponding lattice enthalpies and
therefore, BaSO4 and MgSO4 are highly soluble in water.
17. For temporary hardness,

Mg(HCO3)2 
heating
→ Mg(OH)2↓ + 2CO2↑ Assertion is false.
MgCO3 has high solubility product than Mg(OH)2.
According to data of NCERT table 7.9 (Equilibrium chapter), the solubility product of
magnesium carbonate is 3.5 × 10–8 and solubility product of Mg(OH)2 is 1.8 × 10–11. Hence
Reason is incorrect. The questions should be Bonus.
∆
18. (a) CaCl2 ·6H2O → CaCl2 + 6H2O
( Anhydrous)
∆
(b) MgCl2 ·8H2O  → MgO + 2HCl + 6H2O
The dehydration of hydrated chloride of calcium can be achieved. The corresponding
hydrated chloride of magnesium on heating suffer hydrolysis.
(c) BeO → Amphoteric
MgO
CaO
⇒ All are basic oxide
SrO
BaO
19. Ca(OCl)2 is Bleach.

1
CaCO4. H2O is plaster of paris.
2
CaCO3 is used as an antacid.
CaO is major component of cement.
II
20. Group-2 metals (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) form nitrides (M3 N2 ) and their hydrogen – or
II
bicarbonates [M(HCO3 )2 ] are known only in solution phase (in situ).
II
∆
M + N2  → M3 N2
II II
MCO3 (s) + CO2 (g) + H2O(I) 
25ºC
→ M(HCO3 )2 (aq)
The above two properties are not given by group-I metals (Li, Na, K, Rb Cs) except Li, Li
resembles with group-II metals in comparison of their chemical properties.
Specifically, Li (A) and Mg (B) have similar chemical properties as they show "diagonal
relationship" in the periodic table.
2nd period : Li Be B C N O F
3rd period : Na Mg Al Si P S Cl
21. Correct match is I→ (b), II→ (d), III→ (a), IV→ (c)
(I) Ca(OH)2 used in white wash.
(II) NaCl is used in the preparation of washing soda.
2NH3 + H2O + CO2 → (NH4 )2 CO3
(NH4 )2 CO3 + H2O + CO2 → 2NH4HCO3

NH4HCO3 + NaCl 
→ NH4Cl + NaHCO3 (s)
∆
2NaHCO3  → Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O
1
(III) CaCO4 . H2O (plaster of Paris) is used for making casts of statues.
2
(IV) CaCO3 is used as an antacid.
22. When gypsum is heated to 393 K, it forms, plaster of Pairs CaSO4. 0.5H2O.
The reaction is as follows :
∆
CaSO4 . 2H2O 
393K
→ CaSO4 . 0.5H2O
23. Magnesium powder burns in air to give MgO and Mg3N2. MgO does not combine with excess
oxygen to give any superoxide. Mg reacts with nitrogen to form magnesium nitride (Mg3N2).
Mg + O2 → MgO
3mg + N2 → Mg3N2
24. Heavy water is used in exchange reactions for study of reaction mechanisms.
Heavy water is repared by exhaustive electrolysis of water.
B.P. of D2O = 374.4 K
B.P. of H2O = 373 K
Viscosity of H2O = 0.89 centipoise
Viscosity of D2O = 1.107 centipoise
25. (a) H2O2 can acts as both oxidising and reducing agent in basic medium.
(i) 2Fe2+ + H2O2 → 2Fe3+ + 2OH– In this reaction, H2O2 acts as oxiding agent.
+7 +4
(ii) 2MnO4− + 3H2O2 → 2MnO2 + 3O2 + 2H2O + 2OH−
In this reaction, H2O2 acts as reducing agent.
(b) The basic principle of hydrogen economy is the transportation and storage of energy in the
form of liquids or gaseous dihydrogen.
Advantage of hydrogen economy is that energy is transmitted in the form of dihydrogen and
not as electric power
H
26. O O
H
Structure of H2O2
(Open book type) → Non planar
H2O2 is used in the treatment of effluents.
R.A. O2
H2O2
O.A. H2O
act as both O.A & R.A.
H2O2 is miscible in water due to hydrogen bonding.
27. In water gas shift reaction, hydrogen gas is produced economically by the reaction of carbon
monoxide with water vapour at 673 K in presence of iron, chromium and copper zinc catalyst.
Co + H2O(g) 
Catalyst
∆
→ CO2(g) + H2(g)
H
O
28.
O
H
Hydrogen peroxide is a colour less viscous liquid but in large quantity it appears pale blue
liquid.
Hydrogen peroxide is a mild antiseptic used on the skin to prevent infections.
29. Electrolysis of warm aqueous Ba(OH)2 solution between nickel electrodes is a commercial
method to obtain highly pure (> 99.95%) dihydrogen.
In the presence of Ba(OH)2 water dissociates into ions easily and quickly and H+ ions are
produced, which go on cathode, gets discharged there and liberate hydrogen gas.
30. H2O2 can act as both oxidizing and reducing agents in both acidic and basic medium.
H2O2 as oxidizing agent
In acidic medium :
H2O2 + 2H+ + 2e– → 2H2O
In basic medium,
H 2 O 2 + 2OH + 2e − 
→ 2H 2 O + 2O 2−
H2O2 as reducing agent
In acidic medium : H2O2 → O2 + 2H+ + 2e–
In basic medium :
H2O2 + 2OH– → O2 + 2H2O + 2e–
C HE M IS T R Y

CPP
ST
P-BLOCK ELEMENT NO. 06
Type : 1 (Physical Properties of Boron Family)

1. Aluminium is usually found in +3 oxidation state. In contrast, thallium exists in +1 and +3
oxidation states. This is due to [JEE Main 2019]
(1) lattice effect (2) lanthanoid contraction
(3) inert pair effect (4) diagonal relationship
2. The relative stability of +1 oxidation state of group 13 elements follows the order
(1) Al < Ga < Tl < In (2) Al < Ga < In < Tl
(3) Tl < In < Ga < Al (4) Ga < Al < In < T
3. The correct statements among I to III regarding group 13 element oxides are:
I. Boron trioxide is acidic.
II. Oxides of aluminium and gallium are amphoteric.
III. Oxides of indiumand thalliumare basic.
(1) I, II and III (2) I and III only (3) I and II only (4) II and III only
Type : 2 (Chemical Properties of Boron Family)

4. The correct statement about B2H6 is:
(1) Terminal B–H bonds have less p-character when compared to bridging bonds.
(2) The two B–H–B bonds are not of same length
(3) All B–H–B angles are of 120°
(4) Its fragment, BH3, behaves as a Lewis base [JEE Main 2021]
5. Diborane(B2H6) reacts independently with O2 and H2O to produce, respectively.

(1) B2O3 and H3BO3 (2) B2O3 and [BH4]–
(3) H3BO3 and B2O3 (4) HBO2 and H3BO3
6. The number of 2-centre-2-electron and 3-centre-2-electron bonds in B2H6, respectively, are

(1) 4 and 2 (2) 2 and 4 (3) 2 and 2 (4) 2 and 1
7. The hydride that is not electron deficient is

(1) AlH3 (2) B2H6 (3) SiH4 (4) GaH3

Type : 3 (Physical Properties of Carbon Family)
8. The correct order of catenation is [JEE Main 2019]
(1) C > Sn > Si Ge (2) Si > Sn > C > Ge
(3) C > Si > Ge Sn (4) Ge > Sn > Si > C
9. The element that does not show catenation is

(1) Ge (2) Sn (3) Si (4) Pb
10. The INCORRECT statement regarding the structure of C60 is :

(1) The six-membered rings are fused to both six and five-membered rings.
(2) Each carbon atom forms three sigma bonds.
(3) The five-membered rings are fused only to six-membered rings
(4) It contains 12 six-membered rings and 24 five-membered rings.
11. C60 an allotrope of carbon contains

(1) 16 hexagons and 16 pentagons (2) 20 hexagons and 12 pentagons
(3) 12 hexagons and 20 pentagons (4) 18 hexagons and 14 pentagons
12. The number of pentagons in C60 and trigons (triangles) in white phosphorus, respectively, are
(1) 20 and 3 (2) 12 and 4 (3) 20 and 4 (4) 12 and 3
13. The C C bond length is maximum in

(1) graphite (2) C70 (3) C60 (4) diamond
Type : 4 (Chemical Properties of Carbon Family)

14. Water does not produce CO on reacting with:
(1) CO2 (2) C (3) CH4 (4) C3H8
[JEE Main 2021]
15. The chloride that cannot get hydrolysed is

(1) SnCl4 (2) CCl4 (3) PbCl4 (4) SiCl4
16. Compound A used as a strong oxidizing agent is amphoteric in nature. It is the part of lead
storage batteries. Compound A is :
(1) PbO2 (2) PbO (3) PbSO4 (4) Pb3O4
17. The basic structural unit of feldspar, zeolites, mica and asbestos is
R
|
(1) (SiO3)2–  (2) SiO2 (3) (SiO4)4– (4) —( Si—O)—
n (R = Me)
|
R
18. Correct statements among (I) to (IV) regarding silicones are:
I. They are polymers with hydrophobic character.
II. They are biocompatible.
III. In general, they have high thermal stability and low dielectric strength.
IV. Usually, they are resistant to oxidation and used as greases.
(1) I and II only (2) I, II, III only (3) I, II, III and IV (4) I, II and IV only

Type : 5 (Physical Properties of Nitrogen Family)
19. A group 15 element, which is a metal and forms a hydride with strongest reducing power
among group 15 hydrides. The element is :
(1) Sb (2) P (3) As (4) Bi
[JEE Main 2021]
20. The set that represents the pair of neural oxides of nitrogen is :
(1) NO and N2O (2) N2O and N2O3 (3) N2O and NO2 (4) NO and NO2
21. The correct statement with respect to dinitrogen is

(1) N2 is paramagnetic in nature.
(2) it can combine with dioxygen at 25 0C.
(3) liquid dinitrogen is not used in cryosurgery.
(4) it can be used as an inert diluent for reactive chemicals.
22. The correct order of the oxidation states of nitrogen in NO, NO2 , NO2 and N2O3 is
(1) NO2 < NO < N2O3 < N2O (2) N2O < NO < N2O3 < NO2
(3) O2 < N2O3 < NO < N2O (4) N2O < N2O3 < NO < NO2
23. The correct statement among the following is

(1) (SiH3)3 N is planar and less basic than (CH3)3 N.
(2)(SiH3)3 N is pyramidal and more basic than (CH3)3 N.
(3) (SiH3)3 N is pyramidal and less basic than (CH3)3 N.
(4) (SiH3)3 Nisplanar and morebasic than (CH3)3 N.
Type : 6 (Chemical Properties of Nitrogen Family)

24. The reaction of white phosphorus on boiling with alkali in inert atmosphere resulted in the
formation of product 'A'. The reaction 1 mol of 'A' with excess of AgNO3 in aqueous medium
gives mol(s) of Ag. (Round off to the Nearest Integer). [JEE Main 2021]
25. The reaction of NO with N2O4 at 250 K gives

(1) N2O (2) NO2 (3) N2O3 (4) N2O5
26. White phosphorus on reaction with concentrated NaOH solution in an inert atmosphere of CO2
gives phosphine and compound (X). (X) on acidification with HCl gives compound (Y). The
basicity of compound (Y) is
(1) 4 (2) 3 (3) 2 (4) 1
Type : 7 (Physical Properties of Oxygen Family)

27. Among the following allotropic forms of sulphur, the number of allotropic forms, which will
show paramagnetism is ________.
(A) -sulphur (B) -sulphur (C) S2-form (D) none of these
[JEE Main 2021]

Statement-I : a and b forms of sulphur can change reversibly between themselves with slow
heating or slow cooling.
Statement-II : At room temperature the stable crystalline form of sulphur is monoclinic
sulphur.
(1) Statement I is false but Statement II is true.
(2) Both Statement I and Statement II are true.
(3) Both Statement I is true but Statement II is false.
(4) Both Statement I and Statement II are false.
29. If the boiling point of H2O is 373 K, the boiling point of H2S will be
(1) less than 300 K (2) equal to 373 K
(3) more than 373 K (4) greater than 300 K but less than 373 K
Type : 8 (Chemical Properties of Oxygen Family)

30. Reaction of an inorganic sulphite X with dilute H2SO4 generates compound Y. Reaction of Y
with NaOH gives X. Further, the reaction of X with Y and water affords compound Z. Y and Z
respectively, are [JEE Main 2020]
(1) SO2 and Na2SO3 (2) SO3 and NaHSO3
(3) SO2 and NaHSO3 (4) S and Na2SO3
Type : 9 (Physical Properties of Halogen Family)

31. The correct order of bond dissociation enthalpy of halogens is :
(1) Cl2 > F2 > Br2 > I2 (2) I2 > Br2 > Cl2 > F2
(3) Cl2 > Br2 > F2 > I2 (4) F2 > Cl2 > Br2 > I2
[JEE Main 2021]
32. HF has highest boiling point among hydrogen halides, because it has
(1) lowest ionic character (2) strongest van der Waals’ interactions
(3) strongest hydrogen bonding (4) lowest dissociation enthalpy
Type : 10 (Chemical Properties of Halogen Family)

33. Reaction of ammonia with excess Cl2 gives
(1) NH4Cl and N2 (2) NH4Cl and HCl (3) NCl3 and NH4Cl (4) NCl3 and HCl
[JEE Main 2020]
34. Iodine reacts with concentratedHNO3 to yield Y along with other products. The oxidation state
of iodine in Y , is
(1) 1 (2) 3 (3) 7 (4) 5

ANSWER KEY
1. (3) 2. (2) 3. (1) 4. (1) 5. (1)
6. (1) 7. (3) 8. (3) 9. (4) 10. (4)
11. (2) 12. (2) 13. (4) 14. (1) 15. (2)
16. (1) 17. (3) 18. (4) 19. (4) 20. (1)
21. (4) 22. (2) 23. (4) 24. 4 25. (3)
26. (4) 27. (1) 28. (3) 29. (1) 30. (3)
31. (3) 32. (3) 33. (4) 34. (4)
SOLUTIONS
1. Due to inert pair effect, group-13 elements (ns2np1) show + 3 and + 1 oxidation states in their
compounds. Stability order of these oxidation states will be as, + 3 oxidation states
B3+ > Al3+ > Ga3+ > In3+ > Tl3+
B3+ does not exist in free states. All B(III) compounds are covalent. + 1oxidation states B+ <
Al+ < Ga+ < In+ < Tl+ B+ does not exist in ionic as well covalent compounds
2. The stability order of + 3 and + 1 oxidation states of group 13 elements will be:
B3+ > Al3+ > Ga3+ > In3+ >>Tl3+
(order of + 3 oxidation state)
B+ << Al+ < Ga+ < In+ < Tl+
(order of + 1oxidation state)
The presence of two oxidation states in p-block elements is due to the inert pair effect.
Because of the presence of poor shielding d and f-orbitals, as we move from Ga to Tl,
effective nuclear charge of these elements increases so as to hold the valence ns2 electrons
tightly. It causes difficulty to the ionisation of ns2-electrons and it remains inert, only np1-
electron ionises to give + 1oxidation state.
3. All the given statements are correct. For group 13 elements, the acidic nature of oxides
decreases and the basic nature of oxides increases on moving from B to Tl. This is because
as we move down the group, the atomic size of elements goes on increasing, whereas the
ionisation energy decreases, due to which the strength of metal oxide (MO) bond goes on
decreasing. Thus, boron trioxide or boron oxide is acidic and reacts with basic oxides to give
metal borates. Aluminium and gallium oxides are amphoteric while oxides of indium and
thallium are basic in nature.

H
H
4. 2 B 1 90 B
H H
2 > 1
2 > 1,  B–H (terminal) having less p-character as compare to bridge bond.
Both B–H–B bridge bond having same bond length.
B–H–B bond angle is 90°
BH3 is e– deficient species and therefore act as Lewis acid.
5. Diborane (B2H6) reacts independently with O2 and H2O to produce B2O3 and H3BO3
respectively.
Diborane is a colourless, highly toxic gas, having boiling point 180 K. Because of its
inflammable nature, it catches fire spontaneously when exposed to air and burns in oxygen
releasing an enormous amount of energy as:
B2H6 + 3O2   B2O3 + 3H2O + 1976 kJ/mol
It gets hydrolysed readily to give boric acid
B2H6 + 6H2O 
 2H3BO3 + 6H2 
Borane Orthoboric acid Dihydrogen
6. The structure of B2H6 can be shown as :

H H H
H H
H
3c-3e 3
B B  B B sp
H H
H H H H
In B2H6, four 2-centre-2-electron (2c – 2e) bonds are present in the same plane and two 3-
centre-2-electron (3c – 2e) bonds are present in another plane.
7. GaH3, AlH3 and B2H6 are the hydrides of group-13 (ns2np1), whereas SiH4 is an hydride of
group 14.
H H
2
sp sp2
Ga Al
H H H H
6e– around 6e– around
Ga3+ < 8e– (octet) Al3+ < 8e– (octet)
(GaH3) (AlH3)
3c-2e– bridge bond
H
H •• sp3 H
B B
H •• H
H
B is sp3, but cannot satisfy octet due
to the attachment of two 3c-2–
bridge bonds (B–H–B)

So, B2H6, AlH3 and GaH3 are electron deficient hydrides.
But, SiH4 is an electron precise hydride of group-14 (ns2np2), i.e. these hydrides can have the
required number of electrons to write their conventional Lewis structures.
H
8e– around Si(octet gets satisfied)
Si
H H
H
8. Catenation property is an unique property of group 14 elements. Down the group 14,
catenation power decreases as:
C Si Ge Sn
Pb does not show catenation.
9. The property of self-linking of atoms of an element through covalent bonds to form straight or
branched chains and rings of different sizes is called catenation. Down the group, catenation
tendency decreases due to decrease in element bond strength. Carbon (C), silicon (Si),
germanium (Ge), tin (Sn), lead (Pb) are group-14 elements.
Catenation tendency is highest in carbon while silicon has second highest tendency of
catenation among all elements of family due to higher bond energy. The decreasing tendency
of catenation among group 14 elements is as follows:
C >> Si > Ge  Sn
However, Pb does not show catenation.
10. Structure of C60
It contains 20 hexagons 20 and 12 pentagons 12 so option 4 is incorrect.
11. C60 is aromatic allotrope of carbon containing 12 pentagons and 20 hexagons. It is a fullerene
having a shape like soccer ball and called Buckminster fullerene.
12. In C60 (Buckminster fullerene) twenty hexagons and twelve pentagons are present which are
interlocked resulting a shape of soccer ball. Every ring in this structure is aromatic.
Structure of C60 Buckminster fullerene

Phosphorus has large atomic size and less electronegativity, so it forms single bond instead
of p-pmultiple bond. So, it consists of discrete tetrahedral P4 molecule as shown below :
P
P P
P
Number of trigons (triangles) 4
13. The CC bond length is maximum in diamond having value 154 pm. Here, each carbon atom
undergoes sp3-hybridisation and linked to four other carbon atoms by using hybridised orbitals
in tetrahedral fashion. It has a rigid three-dimensional network of carbon atoms. CC bond
length within the layers of graphite is 141.5 pm. InC60, CC distances between single and
double bonds are 143.5 pm and 138.3 pm respectively.
14. CO2 + H2O  H2CO3

C + H2O(steam)  CO + H2
CH4 + H2O  CO + 3H2 both reactions are carried out
at 1270 K temperature with
C3H8 + H2O  3CO + H2 Ni catalyst
15. The compounds given are the tetrahalides (MCl4) of group 14 elements. For the hydrolysis
(nucleophilic substitution) of MCl4 the nature of the M—Cl bond should be as:
– –
—M–—Cl
It must expand its covalency beyond 4 by the use of

its vacant d-orbital which will accommodate the
lone pair of electrons of H2O (the-nucleophile).
sp3d
sp3 Θ
Cl3M—–Cl Cl3M—–Cl
+ – |
d0   OH2
O
H H
–HCl
Transition state
3H2O sp3
M(OH)4 Cl3M—(OH)
–3HCl
Here, M can be Si, Sn and Pb because they have vacant nd-orbital. But, carbon is a member
of second period (n = 2, l = 0, 1), is does not have d-orbital (l = 2). So, CCl4 will not be
hydrolysed and correct option is (B).
16. PbO2 is amphoteric and strong oxidizing agent and also a component of lead storage
batteries.
17. The basic structural unit of feldspar, zeolites, mica and asbestos is (SiO4)4–. These all are
silicates. All silicates involve two types of SiO bonds.
(i) Terminal SiO bonds in which oxygen is bonded to a silicon and not other atom.
(ii) Bridging SiOSi bonds in which oxygen is bonded to two silicon atoms.

Θ
O–
|
Si O–
O– O– Θ Θ
2
Tetrahedral structure of SiO4 anion
2
In SiO4 ion, each Si atom is bonded to four oxygen atoms tetrahedrally.
18. Silicones are polysiloxanes with general chemical formula, [R2SiO]n, where R is an organic
group such
as : —CH3, —C2H5, —C6H5 etc.
Silicones have many useful properties:
(i) They repel water and form watertight seals.
(ii) They are heat resistant because of constancy of properties over a wide range of
temperature (−100º o 250° C).
(iii) Silicones are non-toxic.
(iv) Silicones are biocompatible because these do not support microbiological growth and
these have high gas permeability at room temperature.
(v) They are resistant toO2,O3 and UV-radiation.
(vi) Silicones are formulated to be electrically insulative.
(vii) Silicone grease is typically used as a lubricant for brake components in automobiles,
since it is stable at high temperature, is not water soluble and is a odourless viscous liquid.
19. In group 15
N
P  Non Metal
As
Sb Metalloid
Bi Metal
Hydrides of group 15 elements are
NH3
PH3
ASH3
SbH3
BiH3
In NH3, hydrogen atom gets partial positive charge due to less electronegativity. But in BiH3,
hydrogen atom gets partial negative charge because hydrogen is more electronegative than
bismuth. i.e. BiH3 is a strong reducing agent than other because we know that H– is a strong
reducing agent.

20. N2O and NO are neutral oxides of nitrogen NO2 and N2O are acidic oxides.
21. (1) All electrons in N2 are paired, thus it is diamagnetic, not paramagnetic.
Above
0
2000 C

(2) N2  O2  
 2NO(g).
(3) Liquid N2 gas is used to create extremely cold temperature to destroy diseased tissues
located outside the body.
(4) N2 gas used as a diluent due to it's inert nature.
22. The correct increasing order of oxidation state of nitrogen for nitrogen oxides is
1 2 3 4
N2 O  NO  N2 O3  NO2
 Oxidation state of N inN O 2 is
2( x) –2 0
2
x  1
2
 Oxidation state of N in NO is
x–2=0
x = +2
 Oxidation state of N in N2O3 is
2 x 3(–2) 0
6
x 3
2
 Oxidation state of N inNO2 is
x 2(–2) 0
x –4 0
x 4
23. The correct statement is that (SiH3)3 N is planar and less basic than (CH3)3 N. The compounds
trimethylamine (CH3)3 N and trisilylamine (SiH3)3 N have similar formulae, but have totally
different structures. In trimethylamine the arrangement of electrons is as follows :
Electronic structure of 1s 2s 2p
nitrogen atom
(around state)
Three unpaired electrons
form bonds with CH3
groups tetrahedral
arrangement of three bond
pairs and one lone pair

In trisilylamine, three sp2 orbitals are used for -bonding, giving a plane triangular structure.
••
| H3Si SiH3
N N
H3C | CH3 |
CH3 SiH3
N(CH3)3 N(SiH3)3
molecule molecule
24. P4  3OH  3H2O  PH3  3H2PO 2
(A)
H2PO 2–  4Ag   2H2O  4Ag H3PO 4  3H

1 mole excess 4 mole
25. Nitrogen monoxide react with dinitrogen tetraoxide at 250 K temperature forms blue solid.
250 K
2NO  N2O4   2N2O3
N2O3 is acidic in nature. In N2O3, N has +3 oxidation state. Generally, oxides with higher
oxidation states are more acidic than oxides having lower oxidation state. It is a blue solid
because it strongly absorbs in the visible region to appear bright blue in colour.
3HCl
26. P4 + 3NaOH + 3H2O 
 PH3 + 3NaH2PO2  3H3PO2  3NaCl
( X) (Y )
H3PO2 (Y) is a monobasic acid. Here, the H-atom of OH group is ionisable and cause the
basicity.
O
H—P—C—H
O
27. -sulphur and -sulphur are diamagnetic.
S2-form is paramagnetic.
>369 K
28. –sulphur –sulphur
<369 K
at room temperature a-sulphur (Rhombic) is most stable form.
29. Two O—H bonds of a H2O molecule make stronger and extensive intermolecular hydrogen
bonds which lead two association of H2O molecules into water or H2O(I). One H2O molecules
can make four H-bonds.
Association through
nH2O   (H2O)n or H2O(I)
intermolecular
Hbonds 
Water
H H H
H—O H+—O– H+—O–
H-bonds

But S—H bonds of H2S cannot make H-bonds, So, H2S is a gas at room temperature but H2O
is a liquid (water). So, boiling point of H2O is more 373 K than H2S, because :
Boiling point  molecular association.
Dil.H2 SO4 NaOH SO2  H2O

30. Na2SO3   SO2   Na2SO3  NaHSO3
( X) ( Y) ( X) ( Z)
Here, X, Y, Z are
X = Na2SO3, Y = SO2, Z = NaHSO3
Na2SO3 react with dill.H2SO4 form sulphur dioxide (SO2) gas. SO2 on reaction with NaOH
again form Na2SO3. By the reaction of SO2 and H2O, Na2SO3 form NaHSO3.
Here, X, Y, Z are Na2SO3, SO2, NaHSO3 respectively.
31. Correct order of bond dissociation enthalpy of halogens is Cl2 > Br2 > F2 > I2.
Due to inter electronic repulsions F–F bond becomes weak and easily broken.
32. HF has highest boiling point among hydrogen halides because it has strongest hydrogen
bonding. Here, the hydrogen bond exists between hydrogen of one molecule and fluorine
atom of another molecule as shown below.
     
...H — F ... H — F ...H — F
In this molecule, hydrogen bond behaves like a bridge between two atoms that holds one
atom by covalent bond and the other by hydrogen bond.
33. A yellow ecplsive liquid n drogen trichloride is formed
N  3Cl2 
 3HCl  NCl3
(Excess) Nitrogen
trichloride
It here ammonia is taken is excess then ammonium chloride is formed.

7NH3  3Cl2 
 NH4Cl  N2
(Excess)
34. Iodine reacts with concentrated HNO3 to yield HIO3 along with NO2 and H2O. The reaction
involved in as follows :
I2 + 10HNO3  2HIO3 + 10NO2 + 4H2O
The oxidation state of ‘I’ in HIO3 is + 5 as calculated below :
1 + x + 3(−2) = 0
x − 5 = 0, x = + 5

C HE M IS T R Y

CPP
ST
METALLURGY NO. 07
Type : 1 (Ores of metals)

List-I List-II
(Metal) (Ores)
(a) Aluminium (i) Siderite
(b) Iron (ii) Calamine
(c) Copper (iii) Kaolinite
(d) Zinc (iv) Malachite
(1) (a)–(iv), (b)–(iii), (c)–(ii), (d)–(i) (2) (a)–(ii), (b)–(iv), (c)–(i), (d)–(iii)
(3) (a)–(i), (b)–(ii), (c)–(iii), (d)–(iv) (4) (a)–(iii), (b)–(i), (c)–(iv), (d)–(ii)
[JEE Main 2021]
2. Match the refining methods Column I With metals Column II.

Column-I Column-II
(Refining Methods) (Metals)
(I) Liquation (A) Zr
(II) Zone refining (B) Ni
(III) Mond process (C) Sn
(IV) Van Arkel method (D) Ga
(1) I- (C) ; II- (D); III-(B) ; IV-(A) (2) I- (B) ; II- (C); III-(D) ; IV-(A)
(3) I- (C) ; II- (A); III-(B) ; IV-(D (4) I- (A) ; II- (D); III-(A) ; IV-(C)

List-I List-II
(a) Siderite (i) Cu
(b) Calamine (ii) Ca
(c) Malachite (iii) Fe
(d) Cryolite (iv) Al
(v) Zn
(1) (a) (iii), (b) (i), (c) (v), (d) (ii) (2) (a) (i), (b) (ii), (c) (v), (d) (iii)
(3) (a) (iii), (b) (v), (c) (i), (d) (iv) (4) (a) (i), (b) (ii), (c) (iii), (d) (iv)

4. Match Lis-I and List-II :
List-I List-II
(a) Haematite (i) Al2O3.xH2O
(b) Bauxite (ii) Fe2O3
(c) Magnetite (iii) CuCO3.Cu(OH)2
(d) Malachite (iv) Fe3O4
(1) (a)-(ii), (b)-(iii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iv) (2) (a)-(iv), (b)-(i), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iii)
(3) (a)-(i), (b)-(iii), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iv) (4) (a)-(ii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iv), (d)-(iii)
5. The ore that contains the metal in the form of fluoride is

(1) magnetite (2) sophalerite (3) malachite (4) cryolite
6. The one that is not a carbonate ore is

(1) siderite (2) calamine (3) malachite (4) bauxite
7. The ore that contains both iron and copper is

(1) malachite (2) azurite (3) dolomite (4) copper pyrites
8. Match the ores (Column A ) with the metals (Column B).

Column-A Column-B
(Ores) (Metals)
(A) Siderite (P) Zinc
(B) Kaolinite (Q) Copper
(C) Malachite (R) Iron
(D) Calamine (S) Aluminium
(1) A – P; B- Q; C – R; D- S (2) A – R; B- S; C – P; D- Q
(3) A – Q; B- R; C – S; D- P (4) A – R; B- S; C – Q; D- P
Type : 2 (Ellingham Diagram)
9. Ellingham diagram is a graphical representation of :
(1) H vs T (2) G vs T (3) G vs P (4) (G – TS) vs T
[JEE Main 2021]
10. Match List - I with List - II

List – I List - II
(Ore) (Element Present)
(a) Kernite (i) Tin
(b) Cassiterite (ii) Boron
(c) Calamine (iii) Fluorine
(d) Cryolite (iv) Zinc
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
(1) (a)  (i), (b)  (iii), (c)  (iv), (d)  (ii) (2) (a)  (ii), (b)  (i), (c)  (iv), (d)  (iii)
(3) (a)  (ii), (b)  (iv), (c)  (i), (d)  (iii) (4) (a)  (iii), (b)  (i), (c)  (ii), (d)  (iv)

11. The point of intersection and sudden increase in the slope, in the diagram given below,
respectively, indicates :
0
–100
 Gº/kJ mol–1 of O2
–200
–300 C+O2CO2
–400
–500
–600
–700
–800
–900 A
–1000
–1100
–1200
0ºC 400ºC 800ºC 1200ºC 1600ºC 2000ºC
273K 673K 1073K 1473K 1873K 2273K
 Temperature
(1) G = 0 and melting or boiling point of the metal oxide
(2) G > 0 and decomposition of the metal oxide
(3) G < 0 and decomposition of the metal oxide
(4) G = 0 and reduction of the metal oxide
12. For a reaction,

4 M(s) + nO2(g)  2M2On(s)
The free energy change is plotted as a function of temperature. The temperature below which
the oxide is stable could be inferred from the plot as the point at which
(1) the slope changes from negative to positive
(2) the free energy change shows a change from negative to positive value
(3) the slope changes from positive to negative
(4) the slope changes from positive to zero
13. According to the following diagram, A reduces BO2 when the temperature is
–600
G°/kJ mol–1
–800
–1000 A + O2  AO2
–1200 B + O2  BO2
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600

(1) >1200°C but < 1400°C (2) >1400°C
(3) <1200°C (4) <1400°C

14. With respect to an ore, Ellingham diagram helps to predict the feasibility of its
(1) electrolysis (2) zone refining
(3) vapour phase refining (4) thermal reducing
15. The correct statement regarding the given Ellingham diagram is
–300
G°(kJ/mol)
–600
–1050
500°C 800°C 2000°C
Temperature (°C)
o
(1) At 800 C, Cu can be used for the extraction of Zn from ZnO
(2) At 1400oC, Al can be used for the extraction of Zn from ZnO
(3) At 500oC, coke can be used for the extraction of Zn from ZnO
(4) Coke cannot be used for the extraction of Cu from Cu2O
Type : 3 (Extraction Procets)
16. Match list-I with list-II :

List-I List-II
(a) Mercury (i) Vapour phase refining
(b) Copper (ii) Distillation refining
(c) Silicon (iii) Electrolytic refining
(d) Nickel (iv) Zone refining
Choose the most appropriate answer from the option given below :
(1) a-i, b-iv, c-ii, d-iii (2) a-ii, b-iii, c-i, d-iv
(3) a-ii, b-iii, c-iv, d-i (4) a-ii, b-iv, c-iii, d-i
17. The process that involves the removal of sulphur from the ores is :
(1) Smelting (2) Roasting (3) Leaching (4) Refining
18. The method used for the purification of Indium is :

(1) van Arkel method (2) liquation
(3) zone refining (4) vapour phase refining
19. Cast iron is used for the manufacture of

(1) wrought iron and pig iron (2) pig iron, scarp iron and steel
(3) wrought iron, pig iron and steel (4) wrought iron and sttel

20. Among statements (I)-(IV), the correct ones are :
(I) Limestone is decomposed to CaO during the ectraction of iron from its oxides.
(II) In the extraction of silver, silver is extracted as an anionic complex.
(III) Nickel is purified by Mond's process.
(IV) Zr and Ti are purified by van-Arkel method.
(1) (I), (II), (III) and (IV) (2) (I), (III) and (IV) only
(3) (III) and (IV) only (4) (II), (III) and (IV) only
21. The processes of calcination and roastion in metallurgical industries, respectively, can lead to
(1) global warming and acid rain
(2) global warming and photochemical smog
(3) photochemical smog and ozone layer depletion
(4) photochemical smog and global warming
22. Boron and silicon of very high purity can be obtaind through
(1) liquation (2) zone refining
(3)vapour phase fefining (4) electrolytic refining
23. The element that can be refined by distillation is

(1) nickel (2) zinc (3) tin (4) gallium
24. The refining method used when the metal and the impurities have low and high melting
temperatures, respectively, is
(1) distillation (2) zone refining
(3) liquation (4) vapour phase fefining
25. TheMond process is used for the

(1) purification of Ni (2) extraction of Mo
(3) purification of Zr& Ti (4) extraction of Zn
Type : 4 (Chemical reaction)

26. Al2O3 was leached with alkali to get X. The solution of X on passing of gas Y, forms Z. X, Y
and Z respectively are :
(1) X = Na[Al(OH)4], Y = SO2, Z = Al2O3 (2) X = Na[Al(OH)4], Y = CO2, Z = Al2O3.xH2O
(3) X = Al(OH)3, Y = CO2, Z = Al2O3 (4) X = Al(OH)3, Y = SO2, Z = Al2O3.xH2O
[JEE Main 2021]

27. Among the reactions (I) – (IV), the reactions that does/do not occur in the blast furnace during
the extraction of iron is/are
(I) CaO + SiO2 → CaSiO3 (II) 3Fe2O3 + CO → 2Fe3O4 + CO2
1
(III) FeO + SiO2 → FeSiO3 (IV) FeO → Fe+ O2
2
(1) (III) and (IV) (2) (I) (3) (I) and (IV) (4) (IV)
28. Hall-Heroult's process is given by

Coke,1673K
(1) ZnO  C   Zn  CO
(2) Cr2O3  2Al 

 Al2O3  2Cr
(3) 2Al2O3  3C 
 4Al  3CO2
(4) Cu2 (aq)  H2 (g) 

 Cu(s)  2H (aq)
29. Thereaction that doeds not define calcination is


(1) Fe2O3 . XH2O   Fe2O3  XH2O

(2) ZnCO3   ZnO  CO2

(3) CaCO3 .MgCO3   CaO  MgO  2CO2

(4) 2Cu2S  3O2   2Cu2O  2SO2
30. In the Hall-Heroult process, aluminium is formd at the cathode. The cathode is made out of
(1) platinum (2) carbon (3) pure aluminium (4) copper

ANSWER KEY
1. (4) 2. (1) 3. (3) 4. (4) 5. (4)
6. (4) 7. (4) 8. (4) 9. (2) 10. (2)
11. (1) 12. (2) 13. (2) 14. (4) 15. (2)
16. (3) 17. (2) 18. (3) 19. (4) 20. (1)
21. (1) 22. (2) 23. (2) 24. (3) 25. (1)
26. (2) 27. (1) 28. (3) 29. (4) 30. (2)
SOLUTIONS
1. Siderite – FeCO3
Calamine – ZnCO3
Kaolinite – Al2(OH)4.Si2O5
Malachite – Cu(OH)2.CuCO3
2. Refining of crude metals results pure metals and its impurities get separated out.
i. Liquation In this method low melting metals like Sn, Pb, Bi and Hg can be made to flow
down through a sloping surface leaving behind the higher melting impurities on the hearth.
II. Zone refining The basic principle of the method is, impurities are more soluble in the
molten metal than in the solid state of the metal. This method is useful to produce
semiconductors and ultra-pure metals like B, Ga, In, Si and Ge.
III. Mond process
330-350 K
Crude nickel (s) + 4CO(g) [Ni(CO4)] (g)
(Impure) (Volatile compound)
Recycled Ni(s)
4CO(g) + Pure
IV. Van Arkel method

500-600 K 1700-1800 K
M(s) + 2l2 (g) Ml4(g)
(Crude (Volatile
metal) compound)
Recycled M(s)
2l2(g) +
(Ultra-pure)
Here, M = Zr, Hf, Ti

Hence, The correct matching is
I→ (C), II→ (D), III→ (B), IV→ (A).

3. (a) Siderite = FeCO3 = Fe-metal
(b) Calamine = ZnCO3 = Zn-metal
(c) Malachite = Cu(OH)2.CuCO3 = Cu-metal
(d) Cryolite = Na3AlF6 = A -metal
4. Ore Formula
(a) Gaematite Fe2O3
(b) Bauxite Al2O3.xH2O
(c) Magnetite Fe3O4
(d) Malachite CuCO3.Cu(OH)2
5. Cryolite ore (Na3AlF6, sodium hexafluoroaluminate) contain fluorine while other given options
such as malachite (Cu2(CO)(OH)2, sphalerite (Zn,Fe)S) and bauxite (Al2O3) does not contain
fluorine.
6. Baucitr is not a carbonate ore. Its chemical formula is Al2O3 or AlOX(OH)3-2X, Where 0 < X < l.
CHemical formula of other ores given in options are as follows:
Siderite-FeCO3
Calamine-ZnCO3
Malachite-CUCO3.Cu(OH)2
7. The formulae of the given ores are as follows:

Malachite : CuCO3 .Cu(OH)2
Coprrer pyrites : CuFeS2
Dolomite : CaMg(CO3)2
Azurite : Cu3(CO)3(OH)2
8. The correct match is: A→R; B→S; C→Q; D→P.

(A) Siderite is an ore of iron with molecular formula FeCO3(R).
(B) Kaolinite is an ore of aluminium with molecular formula Al2Si2(OH)2O5 (S).
(C) Malachite is an ore of copper with molecular formula CuCO3. Cu(OH)2 (Q).
(D) Calamine is an ore of zinc with molecular formula ZnCO3(P).
9. Ellingham diagram is a graphical representation of G vs T when metal heated with oxygen to

form metal oxide.
10. Kernite = Na2B4O7 . 4H2O

Cassiterite = SnO2
Calamine = ZnCO3
Cryolite = Na3AlF6

11. At intersection point G = 0 and sudden increases in slope is due to melting or boiling point of
the metal.
12. Ellingham diagram usually consists of plots of fGΘ vs T for the formation of oxide of various
elements.
For the reaction,
4M(s) + nO2(g)  2M2On(s)
Free energy change plot as a function of temperature is as follows :
Less –ve
fGº
More –ve
T
In this reaction, O2 (a gas) is used up and M2On(s), a solid is formed, Since, gases have
higher entropy than solids, S becomes negative. Thus, on increasing the temperature,
TrSΘ becomes more negatie, hence fGΘ becomes less negative which is shown infigure.
The slope of the curves for the formation of metal oxides is positive as fGΘ becomes less
negative. Any metal oxide having lower value of fGΘ is more stable as compared to metal
oxide with higher value of fGΘ.
From the graph it is evident, that the temperature below which the oxide is stable, is the point
at which free energy change shows a change from negative to positive
13. A metal with more negative value of G° of oxide formation reduces oxide of another metal
which has less negative value of G°. Value of G° of oxide formation plotted against
temperature (as given in question) is called Ellingham’s diagram.
From the graph given, G° of BO2 formation is more negative than AO2 upto 1400°C.
 B can reduce AO2 at these conditions. But above 1400°C, AO2 formation has more
negative G° than BO2.
 A can reduce BO2.
14. With respect to an ore,Ellingham diagram helps to predict the feasibility of its thermal
reduction. It is a graph representation of Gibbs energy change versus absolute temperature.
Generally, the diagram consists of plots of Go versus T for the information of oxides of
elements
2xM(s) + O2(g) 
 2MxO(s)
Thermal reduction product

In this reaction, amount of gas decreases thus, randomness decreases. Hence, S becomes
negative. therefore,the value of free energy increases with increase in temperature. there is
appoint ina curve below which G is negative. So, MXO is stable. Above this point, MXO will
decomposwe on its own.
0
–100
–200 C  O  2CO
–300
–400
G°/kJ mol–1 of O2 
–500
–600
–700
–800
–900
–1000
–1100
–1200
0°C 400°C 800°C 1200°C 1600°C 2000°C

273K 273 K 1073 K 1473 K 1873 K 2273 K
Temperature 
Gibbs energy (G°) versus T plots (schematic) for the
formation of some oxides (Ellingham diagram)
15. From the Ellingham diagrm, we can say that any oxide with lower value of Go is more stable
than a oxide with highet value of Go .
We can also predict that the oxide placed higher in the diagrm can be reduced by the element
incolved in the formation of its oxide placed lower at that temperature in the diagram. It is
happening in case of ZnO for its reduction by Al at 1400oC.
16. (a) Mercury  Distillation refining

(b) Copper  Electrolytic refining
(c) Silicon  Zone refining
(d) Nickel  Vapour phase refining
17. In roasting process, metal sulphide (MS) ore are converted into metal oxide and sulphur is
remove in the form of SO2 gas.

2MS  3O2   2MO  2SO2 

18. Zone refining is used for the purification of indium.
19. Consider the following flow sheet:

In
Pig iron Scrap iron/coke Cast iron Reverberatory
C% = 5-6 hot air C% = 3-3.5 furnance
In O2 (air)
Bessemer –P2O5 –CO2
convertor –CO2 –SiO2
–SiO2 –P2O5
Spiegeleisen –SO2 –MnO
(an alloy of –SiO2
Fe, Mn and C)
Steel Wrought iron

C% = 0.5-1.5 C% = 0.2-0.5
So, it is clear from the flow chart that cast iron is used in the manufacture of wrought iron and
steel.
20. Statements (I), (II), (III) and (IV) are correct.


(I) CaCo3  CaO  CO2
Limestone Gas
(II) Ag with CN form cyanide complex [Ag(CN)2]e.

e
Ag  CNe 

 [Ag(CN)2 ]e .
(III) Mond's process is used to purification of Ni.
(IV) van-Arkel method is used to purification of Zr and Ti.
21. Due to industrial process.CO2 release from calcination and SO2relese from roasting
respectively which is responsible for global warming and acid rain.
CakcinationIt involves heating where the volatile matter escapes leaving behind the metal
oxide. In this process, the ore is heated below its melting point in the absence of air or in the
limited supply of air.

e.g. CaCO3 (S)   CaO(S)  CO  2
(Carbon dioxide)
Re sponible for
global warring
RoactingIn this process the ore is heated in a regular supply of air in afrnace at a
temperature below the melting point of the metal.

e.g. 2ZnS  3O2   2ZnO  2SO  2
(Sulphur dioxide )
Re sponible for
acidrain
22. In zone refining the impure metal rod is electrically heated till life metal in the heated zone
melts. There metal is collected at one end of the rod. Repeating the metal with the product
obtained each time highly pure metal is obtained. This method is very useful for producing
semiconductor and other metals with high purity.
e.g. Germanium, silicon, boron, gallium and indum etc.

23. Zinc is refined by distillation. It is used for purification of low boiling point or volatial metals,
such as mercury (Hg), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd) etc. In this method pure metal is heated and
its vapours are separately condensed in a receiver, while the pure metal distils out, impurities
(non-volatile) are left behind.
24. Liquation is used when melting points of metal and impurity are quite different.
Metal melts at a lower temperature and flows down s slope while the impurity stays as solid.
25. Mond process is used in the purification of ni.It is a vapour phase refining process. It is based
on the principle that Ni is heated in the presence of carbon monoxide to form
nickeltetracarbonyl, which is a volatile complex. this complex is then decomposed by
subjecting it to a higher temperature (450-470 K) to obtain pure nickel metal.
Crude nickel (s) + 4CO(g)
(Impure)
Recycled
330-350 K
450-470 K Ni(s)
[Ni(CO4)] (g) Pure + 4CO(g)
(Volatile compound)
26. Al2O3(s) + 2NaOH(aq.) + 3H2O()
2Na[Al(OH)4](aq.) X
CO2 Y
Al2O3.xH2O(s) + 2NaHCO3(aq.)
Z
So
X : Na[Al(OH)4]
Y : CO2
Z : Al2O3.xH2O
27. Reaction (3) and (4) do not occur in the blast furnace during the extraction of iron.
(3) FeO + SiO2 
 FeSiO3
 (Occur in Cu Metallurgy)
1
(4) FeO  Fe + O2
2
(not possible without reducing agent like CO) Whereas, both (1) and (2) reactions occur
during extraction of Fe.

(1) CaO + SiO2  CaSiO3
(Slag formation in blast furnace)
(2) 2Fe2O3 + CO  2Fe3O4 + CO2
 (reduction of Fe3+ to Fe3O4)
28. Hall-Heroult's process is an electro-eduction process by which pure alumina (Al2O3) is

reduced to crude Al.
In this process, electrolysis of a fused mixture of Al2O3, Na3[Alf6] (cryolite) and CaF2 (fluorspar)
is carried out at carbon cathode and graphite anode.
The overll reaction is represented as:
2Al2O3  3C 
 4Al  3CO 2
29. Calcination is one of the pyrometallurgicalprocess, like roasting by which a concentrated ore
gets converted into its oxide.
In calcination, a hydrated carbonate or bicarbonate ore or a hydrated ore is heated at lower
temperature (compared to roasting) in absence of air to give its oxide as in options (a), (b) and
(c). Here, volatile non-metallic oxides like H2O, CO2, are also produced. Roasting is valid
mainly for sulphide ores like option (d), where SO2 gets liberated. In this reaction, calcination
cannot be used.
30. In the Hall-Heroult's process, aluminium in formed at the cathode. The cathode is made out of
carbon. In this method, Al2O3 is melted with cryolite, Na3[AlF6] and electrolyzed in a graphite
lined steel tank, which serves as the cathode. The anode is also made of graphite.
The cell runs continuously and at intervals moltenaluminium is drained from th bottom of the
call and more bauxite is added. The electrolytic reactions are as follows:
At cathode Al3  3 e 
 Al
At anode C(s)  O2   melt  
 CO(g)  2e 
C(s)  2O2 melt  

 CO2 (g)  4e

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C HE M IS T R Y

RANK BOOSTING COURSE-2022

PERIODIC TABLE NO. 01

2. In the sixth period, the orbitals that are filled are

3. The atomic number of unnilunium is……..

6. The element with Z= 120 (not yet discovered) will be an/a

Type : 2 (Atomic and Ionic Radius)

UNLIMITED PRACTICE FOR FREE : www.atpstar.com PAGE NO.-1

12. The ionic radii (in Å) of N3–,O2– and F– respectively are

Type : 3 (Ionization Energy)

14. Match List -I with List - II

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20. In comparison to boron, beryllium has

Type : 4 (Electron gain Enthalpy)

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30. The increasing order of electronegativity in the following elements-

31. Which element has the highest electronegativity :

Type : 6 (Nature of Oxides)

33. Among the following oxides, the least acidic is :

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Hence, option (1) is correct.

2. Filling of electrons in orbitals in any period takes place as:

3. Unnilunium IUPAC symbol = Unu

So, symbol of the element=uue

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7. The ionic radii order is

8. O2– > F– > Na+ and Mg2+ are isoelectronic species.

10. The atomic radii of Ag is almost equal to Au due to lanthanide contraction.

 Br > Cl > C > O > F; C N O F size decreases

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14. (A) 1s2 2s2  Be

16. The 1st IE order of 3rd period is

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19. The electronic configuration of given element are as follows :

Thus, the order of increasing HE1is Ba<Ca<Se<S<Ar

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25. Order of electron gain enthalpy (Absolute value)

28. The first electron gain enthalpy is exothermic (or negative).

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period 4  K 2O (strongly basic )

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(3) (4) [JEE Main 2020]

Type : 2 (VBT and Hybridization)

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7. The structure of PCl5 in the solid state is

8. The number of Cl = O bonds in perchloric acid is "........".

Type : 3 (Bond Parameters)

13. The molecule having smallest bond angle is

Type : 4 (Molecular Orbital Theory (MOT))

UNLIMITED PRACTICE FOR FREE : www.atpstar.com PAGE NO.-2

20. Among the following molecules/ions.

Which one is diamagnetic and has the shortest bond length ?

22. Among the following species, the diamagnetic molecule is

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Type : 5 (Fajan’s Rule, H-bonding and Dipole moment)

27. The relative strength of interionic /intermolecular forces in decreasing order is

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33. For which of the following molecule significant µ ≠ 0 ?

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

35. If AB4 molecules is a polar molecule, a possible geometry of AB4 is

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1. (3) 2. (2) 3. (4) 4. (3) 5. 2

6. 19 7. (1) 8. 3.00 9. (3) 10. (4)

(π2 p2x = π2 p2y ) (π2 p2x = π2 p2y ) (σ*2 p1z )

(π2 p2x = π2 p2y ) (π2 p2x = π2 p1y )

(π2 p2x = π2 p2y ) (π2 p1x = π2 p1y )