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Rotordynamics
What is vibration? Customer Training
Input Output
Mechanical
Structure
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Introduction Customer Training
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What is vibration? Customer Training
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What is vibration? Customer Training
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Customer Training
Some definitions …
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Some definitions … Customer Training
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Some definitions … Customer Training
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Some definitions … Customer Training
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Some definitions … Customer Training
(Hz)
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Some definitions … Customer Training
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Orbit diagram Customer Training
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Spectrum plot Customer Training
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Mechanical behavior Customer Training
Vibration Hazards
9 contact between rotor and stator
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Customer Training
Vibrations classification
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Vibrations classification Customer Training
Synchronous
¾ The vibration frequency corresponds to the machine rotation
Asynchronous
¾ The vibration frequency is different from the machine rotation
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Synchronous vibrations Customer Training
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Asynchronous vibrations Customer Training
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Asynchronous vibrations Customer Training
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Asynchronous Vibrations Customer Training
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Oil Whip Instability Customer Training
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• free
• forced
• self excited
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Free Vibrations Customer Training
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Forced Vibrations Customer Training
The excitations due to rotor unbalance and to coupling misalignment are not
affected by the compressor operating pressure. Aerodynamic effects, on the
contrary, have an increased intensity when the actual density of the gas increases.
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Self-Excited Vibrations Customer Training
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What are the problems with vibrations?
Customer Training
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Resonance Customer Training
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How we can avoid this problem? Customer Training
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Amplification Factor Customer Training
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Amplification Factor Customer Training
9 System Stability
9 Amount of System
dampening needed
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API 617 Customer Training
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AF < 2.5 Customer Training
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3.55 > AF > 2.5 Customer Training
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AF > 3.55 Customer Training
SM=100-[84+6/(AF-3)] SM=[126-6/(AF-3)]-100
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Critical Speed Reduction Customer Training
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Rotor Mode Shapes Customer Training
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Main Calculation Tools Customer Training
Rotor Drawing
Bearing
Equivalent Shaft Characteristic
-4
-4
-4
1,4x10
-4
1,3x10
Amplitude [mm]
-4
1,2x10
-4
-5
-5
8,0x10
-5
7,0x10
-5
• Stability Analysis:
6,0x10
-5
5,0x10
-5
4,0x10
-5
3,0x10
-5
2,0x10
-5
1,0x10
0,0
400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400
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Damping – Journal Bearing Customer Training
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Damping Efficiency Customer Training
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Journal Bearing Stiffness Customer Training
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SWIRL BRAKES Customer Training
The fact that the gas tangential velocity at the labyrinth entrance influences the
destabilising forces has led to the development of SWIRL BRAKES and SHUNT HOLES.
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SHUNT HOLES Customer Training
Honeycomb Seals
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Honeycomb seals Customer Training
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Special phenomena affecting stability
Customer Training
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Design Management of Vibration
Phenomena Customer Training
Synchronous vibrations
The manifesting of synchronous vibration is not of particular
concern since the revision of bearings clearances and rotor
balancing is often the solution of the problem.
Sub-synchronous vibrations
Unstable behaviour begins with a peak of sub-synchronous
vibration corresponding to the first critical speed, suddenly the
peak increases rapidly to destroying the labyrinth seals.
In few other cases the sub-synchronous peak remain of limited
amplitude, it causes no harm from operating point of view.
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Rotordynamics - Testing Customer Training
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Probes mounting Customer Training
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Torsional Behaviour Customer Training
The analysis is performed on the complete train and the results is the
calculation of compressor’s train critical speed.
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Campbell diagram Customer Training
Definition:
Campbell Diagram — A mathematically
constructed diagram used to check for
coincidence of vibration sources (i.e. 1 x
imbalance, 2 x misalignment) with rotor
natural resonance. The form of the
diagram is like a spectral map (frequency
versus rpm), but the amplitude is
represented by a rectangular plot, the
larger the amplitude the larger the
rectangle.