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Chapter 1
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Planning for Water Resources

Development
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Development of water resources

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(Surface + subsurface):

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Implementation of hydraulic structures
through:

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Conception

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„ Planning
Design
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Construction
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„ Operation and maintenance

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FIELDS OF WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING :

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„ Control of water
Drainage

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Flood mitigation facilities
Salinity control
Sediment control

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Pollution abatement

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„ Utilization of water
Municipal use
irrigation
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hydro-electric
navigation
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„ Management of water
Treatment and quality control
Provision & preservation of soil &water resources jointly
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Sustainable development
Nature of water resources

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projects

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Relationship between SUPPLY and DEMAND?

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Availability of water

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= f (quantity, quality, space, time)
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Characteristics of water resources problems

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Uniqueness

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… Uncertainty

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… Socio-economic aspect

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… Forecasting
… Economy of scale
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… Irreversibility
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Degree of development:

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(single purpose to multi-purpose)

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… Single project

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… Regional project

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… Project over a basin
… Project over a country
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… International project
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Purposes of development:

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to improve/modify existing

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designs&management

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„ to increase national benefits

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„ to improve environmental conditions
„ to improve socio-economical balance over a
country
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to sustain regional development
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 Fundamentals of planning

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„ Planning is the orderly consideration of a project from the
original statement of purpose through the evaluation of
alternatives to the final decision on a course of action.

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„ Project formulation:

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„ One or more aspects of water resources development can
be eliminated on the basis of physical limitation

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„ Certain problems may be fixed in location
„ The available water may be limited
Maximum land areas usable for various purposes may be
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definable
Reserve certain lands for specific use, e.g. recreation
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„ Possible sites for water storage can be defined and their
limiting capacities evaluated.
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Environmental concerns in planning:

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„ Degradation of downstream channel or coastal
beaches

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„ Loss of unique geological, historical, archelogical or

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scenic sites flooded by a reservoir

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Change in stream temperature as a result of
reservoir leading to changes in aquatic life
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Change in water quality as a result of land
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drainage (salinity!) or disposal from industrial
establishments
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Systems analysis in water resources planning:

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Input ⇒ ⇒ Output

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„ SYSTEM

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OPTIMIZATION:
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• Optimization of individual components of a project
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• Optimization of a single project
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• Optimization of sequential projects

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Design of water resources systems

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„ Frequency based design, e.g. storm water collection systems
Exceedance probability of design event, Pd: P(P≥Pd)⇒Failure

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„ Risk based design, river training facilities

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Total
cost
Capital cost
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Cost of failure
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„ Critical event design based on extreme values e.g., spillway

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