Al-hussein Bin Talal University

Fluid mechanics and hydraulic laboratory

Laith Al-Sadi
120180504088
Bilal Abu Dukhan
120190504036
EXPERIMENT(1)
PROPERTIES OF FLUID
Abstract:
In this exp. we are going to measure:

1) Lifting force (Buoyancy force)

Bodies that submerged in a fluid is buoyed up by a force which equals
to the weight of displaced fluid "Archimedes' Principle" Lifting force can
be calculated by Fb = ρ * g * Vd or measured by difference between
weight in air and weight in water.

2) Liquid Density
Density of liquid is an important characteristic which specialize each
material. It is expressed as mass per unit volume or in terms of specific
gravity “which is the ratio of the liquid density to the density of water”.
We have used the Hydrometer to measure relative density of liquids.

3) Hydrostatic pressure
It depends upon the depth, the density of fluid and the acceleration of
gravity.
Hydrostatic pressure = ρ * g * h
Apparatus:
1- Capillary tubes.
2- Communicating tubes.
3- Hydrometer.
4- Viscometer.

Calculation:
1.FB =ρ * g * VD
Method 1:
ρ=fluid density
g=local gravitation
vb=displaced volume

Aluminum
FB= 1000 * 9.81 * (88x10-9) = 0.863N

Copper
FB= 1000 * 9.81 * (54x10-9) = 0.53N

POM
FB= 1000 * 9.81 * (88x10-9) = 0.863
Method 2:

FB = weight in air – weight in water

Aluminum
FB 2.3-1.45 = 0.85N

Copper
FB = 4.6-4.1= 0.5N

POM
FB = 1.2-0.35 = 0.85N
2. Hydrostatic trainer:

High the Pressure Calculated

water in tube (mbar) pressure
(cm) (mbar)
5 5.2 4.905
10 11.9 9.81
15 16.1 14.715
20 20.1 19.62
25 25.6 24.525

1- 1000*5*9.81*10-2*10-5*103=4.905 mbar
2- 1000*10*9.81*10-2*10-5*103=9.81 mbar
3- 1000*15*9.81*10-2*10-5*103=14.715 mbar
4- 1000*20*9.81*10-2*10-5*103=19.62 mbar
5- 1000*25*9.81*10-2*10-5*103=24.525 mbar
 high the water in tube and pressure
30

25

20
Pressure (mbar)

15

10

0
5 10 15 20 25

High the water in tube (cm)

high the water in tube and Calculated

pressure
30

25

20
Pressure (mbar)

15

10

0
5 10 15 20 25
High the water in tube (cm)

3. Density for water= 1.002 g/cm3

Discussion:
• Buoyancy force:
Buoyancy force for Copper and POM is equal in
method 2 but in method 1 the buoyancy force for
POM is larger than Copper so figures out that
method 1 is more accurate
• Density:
The calculated density of water is 1.002g/cm3.
To measure density of any fluid we can use
S.G= ρfluid/ ρwater , if specific gravity of fluid is
larger than 1.002 so the fluid is more dense than
water and vice versa.

• Capillary tubes:
Liquid has the same elevation in capillary tubes
which have same diameter, but in different
diameters the smaller diameter the highest
elevation.
 Conclusion:
• Buoyancy force has many important applications
specially in sea like “ship, submarine,…etc” and in
air like hot air balloons.

• Viscosity is the fluid resistance of the flow, the

greater the viscosity of a liquid, the less its flow
ability

Hydrostatic pressure doesn’t depend on the shape, total

mass or surface area of liquid, it depends only upon the
depth, the density of fluid and the acceleration of gravity.