FRICTION

PROJECT REPORT

SUMMITED TO

CENTRAL BOARD OF SECONDARY EDUCATION

FOR THE CLASSES OF

SENIOR SECONDARY

IN

PHYSICS

2022-2023

BY

GOURAV

Roll no. 32

UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF

DR. NAND KISHOR

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS

SPM(CO-ED) S SCHOOL, C. R PARK

CENTRAL BOARD OF SECONDARY EDUCATION

New Delhi
 DEDICATED

TO MY

LOVING PARENTS

MRS. MEENU AND

MR. SUNIL
KUMAR GABA
 FORWARDED

AND

RECOMANDED BY

Mrs. USHA CHOUDHARY

Head of
School
Department of Education

SPM SVK, C. R PARK, NEW DELHI,

CENTRAL BOARD OF SECONDARY EDUCATION

NEW DELHI
 Declaration

28, November,
2022

I GOURAV declare that work done in the project presented entitled “friction” has been done thoroughly

by me and not copied and taken from any other literature related to this field. The related literature are

review the advancement and benefit of the research in this field and has not been submitted for any degree.

If any plagiarism found in this work then I shall be totally responsible for it.

GOURAV

Roll no.
32
ADDRESS:G-9/85, Ratiya Marg, Sangam Vihar , New Delhi -110080

Mobile No. :8076615026

 Email Id: gouravgaba2006@gmail.com

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

While bowing before the lotus feet of supreme lord,thankful

sincere acknowledgements to all those who have directly or

indirectly extended their support in accomplishing this work. I am

deeply indebted and would like to express my heartiest gratitude to

my project supervisor DR. NAND KISHOR Department of

Physics Institute of SPM S (Coed) V, CR Park, central board of

secondary education New Delhi who gave me inspiration to

pursue this work and guided me in this endeavour. I express my

deepest respect to him for his consent motivation, encouragement,

kind support and valuable s uggestions have always been there for

me. I feel privileged to be associated with a person like him during

my life.

I am thankful to Mrs. USHA CHOUDHARY ,Head of

School “ central board of secondary education for his kind

 Cooperation. I would like to extend my thanks to Mrs. Nidhi

Department of chemistry for his precious suggestion, valuable

Advice, discussions, support and kind encouragement .I express

my sincere gratitude to everyone for their valuable help and

support. I also thank and all members of for their kind co-

operation and support. I owe my great sense of respect, reverence

and veneration to my beloved parents Mrs. Meenu and Mr.

Sunil Kumar Gaba for their untiring struggles and magnanimous

showers of love and affection during our upbringing. Being my ideal

source of inspiration, their always encouraging and motivating

nature fills me with enthusiasm to achieve my goal easily.

Last but not least I am thankful to almighty God with whose

blessing I have been able to complete this work.

GOURAV

Roll No. 32

11th, (PCM) ,Session

2022-2023
SPM S (Coed) V CR PARK NEW DELHI 1925060
 INDEX
•Fric�on

•Learning objec�ves

•Force :Friction

•Fric�on factors

•Which has more friction

•Friction factor

•Amount of surface areas

•Types of fric�on

•Ways to reduce fric�on

•Ways to increase fric�on

 FRICTION

LEARNING OBJECTIVE
 i. I can explain what causes friction and how it affects the

motion of an object.

ii. I can identify and explain the four types of friction

iii. I can give examples of four types of friction.

 Force:Friction
Friction is the force that opposes the motion between two

surfaces.
Friction occurs because the surface of any

object is rough. Even the surface that feel

smooth are covered withmicroscopic hills and

valleys.
The amount offric�on depends upon these 2

factors:

•Roughness of surfaces

•The force pushing surfaces together.

Q. Will the tube roll less over

smoother surface or a rougher

surface? Why?
 Friction factors review

• ROUGHNESS : the rougher the

surface,the more the hills and

valleys are and the greater the

friction.

•Force pushing togather/weight:force

will increased, the hills and

valleys will be in closer contact

and the friction will increase.

AMOUNT OF SURFACE AREA IN FLUID

The amount of surface area affects the

friction between two objects in fluids and

gases.

Example: Swimming
The amount of surface area affects the fric�on

on a moving object under the following

circumstances :

•Air resistance (such as the size of parachute)

•The resistance of an object is that it glides

through water (such as a boat)

The amount of surface area in contact usually

does not affect friction between two solids.

Reason larger surface areas have more

contact but the pressure between the 2 is less.

The increase in friction area offset by the

reduc�on in pressure.

TYPES OF FRICTION

• Sliding friction

• Fluid friction

• Rolling friction

• Static friction
SLIDING FRICTION
Sliding friction is the friction that opposes the direction of

motion of an object that occurs when solid surfaces slide over

one another.

Example:

•Writing- pencil point and paper

•Combing your hair - surface of comb and strands of

hair.
 FLUID FRICTION
•The force that tries to slow down an object when they

move through a liguid or a gas. It's also known as

“drag” or “air resistance”.

•All gases and liguids are fluid.

•Fluid friction increases as the speed of the object

increases.

•An airplane and swimmer both experiencesfluid

fric�on.
 ROLLING FRICTION
•Rolling friction is the friction that occurs between

surfaces in motion that are rolling,in which one of the

surface is wheel, rolling or a ball.

•Examples

Riding a bike- tires and ground

Bowling- ball and lane

 STATIC FRICTION
• Static friction is fiction that occurs when the surfaces in

contact are at rest.(not in motion)

•Example :

A book resting on a desk

A potted plant sitting on a sidewalk.

 Ways to reduce friction

i. Smooth the surface

ii. Replace sliding with rolling

(wheel)

iii. Add the lubricate like oil, wax or

gases.

iv. Less force pushing together.

Ways to improve
friction
• Rough the
surface
• Replace rolling with sliding.

• More force pushing

together