Chapter 9

Is it alive?!
 Section 1:
Characteristics of living things
All living things share six
characteristics:
1. Made of one or more cells
2. Sense & respond to different stimuli
(singular: Stimulus)
3. Reproduce (either sexually or asexually)
4. Have DNA
5. Use energy (e.g. for metabolism)
6. Grow and develop

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1. Made of one or more cells

 The cell: the smallest unit that can perform all

life processes

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1. Made of one or more cells

 The cell: the smallest unit that can perform all

life processes

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2. Sense and respond to different
stimuli
 A stimulus: a change that affects the activity of
the organism.

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2. Sense and respond to different
stimuli
 Homeostasis: The maintenance of stable
internal environment.

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Question Time????

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 Question Time????

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3. Reproduce
 Sexual reproduction: Two parents produce offspring
that will share characteristics of both parents.

 Asexual reproduction: A single parent

produces offspring that is identical to the parent.

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Question Time!

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4. Have DNA
 DNA: Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid
 DNA control the structure
and function of the cell.
 Heredity: The passing of genetic traits from one
generation to the next.

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5. Use energy
 Metabolism: the total of all of the chemical
activities that the organism performs.

building making
cells food

move
material break
in or out down of
of cell food
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5. Grow and develop
 Growth:
 Single-celled organism gets larger.

 Organisms made of many cells: the

number of cells gets larger.

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Question Time!

64

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5. Grow and develop
 Develop:
 In addition to gets larger living things may
develop & change.

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5. Grow and develop
 Develop:
 In addition to gets larger living things may
develop & change.

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 Chapter 9
Section 2: The Necessities of Life
 Almost all organisms have four basic
needs

Food Water

Place
to Live Air

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1. Water
 Water is about 70% of all living
organisms cells. why?
 Because water is needed for
chemical reactions of
metabolism

 Organisms differ in how much

water they need and how they
get it.
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1. Water

Desert dwelling
kangaroo rat
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=l1pltFmT1yI
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2.Air
 A mixture of gases (oxygen, carbon dioxide ,
….etc)
 Most living organisms use oxygen in the
chemical processes that release energy from
food.
 Green plants, algae, and some bacteria need
carbon dioxide (for photosynthesis) in
addition to oxygen.

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2.Air

European
diving spider
https://www.youtube.co
m/watch?v=TsXN7ZMi7m
E
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2.Air
 Anaerobic bacteria can live without air

Clostridium
Dr.Yossra Science Slides botulinum
3.A place to live
Some organisms need a large space, others
live only in one place Why?
Because they compete with each other for food
and water.

Warbler bird’s territory

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T3ycu68-wqg
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3.A place to live
 Some organisms need a large space

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4.Food
Food

Energy Raw materials /

nurients

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4.Food Organisms get their food
by:

Making food Taking food

(Producers) (Consumers & Decomposers)

Energy from sun and

from carbon dioxide Consumers eat
& water Or (consume) other
organisms
from chemicals

Decomposers break
down nutrients from
dead organisms or
Dr.Yossra Science Slides animals wastes
4.Food
Where are the producers, consumers, and
decomposers here?!

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Nutrients

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Nutrients

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 1. Proteins
 Made up of amino acids (few or thousands)

Function

Form
structures Heamoglobin Protect cell enzymes

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1. Proteins
 Form structures:

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Question!

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Question!

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2. Carbohydrates
 Made of sugars
 A source of energy & energy storage

Carbohydrates

Simple
Complex
(one or few
(hundreds)
sugars)

e.g. table sugar &

e.g. starch in potato
Dr.Yossra Science Slides the sugar in fruits
2. Carbohydrates

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Question Time!

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3. Lipids
 Compounds that can not mix with water.

Lipids

Fats (animals)
Phospholipids
Oil (plant)

Store energy
Cell membrane (used after most carbohydrates
used up)
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a) Phospholipids

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Phospholipids
 Form much of the cell membrane
 Arranged in 2 layers (bilayer)
 Cells and out of the cell are mostly water

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4. ATP
 Adinosine triphosphate
 The major energy-carrying molecule in the cell
 The energy stored in carbohydrates and lipids must be
transferred to ATP.
 Then ATP provide fuel for cell activities.

Energy

Dr.Yossra Science Slides ATP

Question!

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4. Nucliec Acids
 Blueprints of life Why?
As They have all information to make proteins.

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4. Nucleic Acids
 Large molecules made up of smaller molecules called
nucleotides.
 The order of the nucleotides tell the cell the order of amino
acids in the protein.

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