BU 3 MOD 3 LECTURE 2 INDOOR LIGHTING

CALCULATIONS
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The__________ is an indoor lighting calculation methodology that
assesses the number of luminaires necessary to achieve a given
lumen method
average illuminance level, or alternatively, the average illuminance
level that will be achieved for a given number of luminaires.
The product of several factors, each factor depreciating light out-
put at certain point in time in the future as compared to initial light
output.
Light loss factor
ª _________s are captured as percentages or decimals, which
are then multiplied to result in a final Light Loss Factor in lighting
calculations
Some light loss factors are called _________ because preventa-
tive maintenance generally does not affect the extent of the light
loss.

ª These include:
Non-Recoverable Light Loss Factors, "non-recoverable"
- ballast factor
- ambient fixture temperature
- supply voltage variation
-optical factor
- fixture surface depreciation.
Lamps and ballasts experience losses when operating together
Ballast Factor, (0.88) as a system. The percentage of a lamp's initial rated lumens
produced by a given ballast is called the _________
This factor deals with fluorescent systems. Deviations above
Ambient Fixture Temperature or below the ideal fixture operating temperature can affect the
amount of light leaving the lamp.
High or low voltages fed to lamps (incandescent) or ballasts (fluo-
rescent and HID) from the building's power distribution can result
in an increase or decrease of a lamp's lumen output. Electronic
ballasts are not as sensitive to small variations in supply voltage
Supply Voltage Variation
as magnetic ballasts. Some models provide constant light output
at +10% variation. The IESNA Lighting Handbook contains supply
voltage variation data for various generic lamps; another source
of information is the manufacturer's literature.
The amount of space lamps take up serves as an obstruction
to light leaving the fixture that is reflected internally. Since lamps
absorb mass, they absorb some of this light output. The result is
Optical Factor
what is called the _________ T12 lamps have an Optical Factor
of 1. Removing lamps, or installing thinner-diameter T10 or T8
lamps, can result in a higher Optical Factor
As a fixture ages, its surfaces begin deteriorate. Blemishes absorb
light instead of reflecting it; shielding materials may begin to
Fixture Surface Depreciation
discolor due to constant exposure to heat. This light loss factor
is difficult to predict.
Some light loss factors are called__________because preventa-
tive maintenance can reduce the extent of the light loss.

ª These include
"recoverable"
- lamp burnouts
- lamp lumen depreciation (LLD)
- fixture (luminaire) dirt depreciation (LLD)
- room surface dirt depreciation (RSDD
When a lamp expires, it becomes a "burnout." Lighting designers
usually assume that the burnout will be replaced immediately.
Lamp Burnouts
However, if it is known that a percentage of the lamps are burnouts
at any given time, then a light loss factor must be reckoned with

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BU 3 MOD 3 LECTURE 2 INDOOR LIGHTING
CALCULATIONS
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_bszow8
Lamp Lumen Depreciation, 40%
Fixture (Luminaire) Dirt Depreciation, 0.98
Room surface dirt depreciation
Maintenance Factor
A Coefficient of Utilization (CU)
luminous flux, unitless.
75%-90%
30%-60%
10%-20%
5%-10%
The Room Cavity Ratio
effective reflectances
room geometry , Room Index
Spacing Height Ratio (SHR)
2/2
As a lamp ages and nears end of life, it produces less and less
light on a predictable curve, the extent of which depending on
the type of lamp. If group re-lamping is employed as a planned
maintenance strategy, then take the LLD factor for the point in life
at which the lamps are replaced en masse. Otherwise, use an
average, which is at ____of life.
Dirt and dust present in all ambient environments are ultimately
attracted to and trapped in electrical equipment. The extent of dust
collecting on the lamps depends on the environment, what type
of fixture is in use, whether it is ventilated or not, and the type of
work performed in the area. The extent of LDD depends on these
conditions and how often the fixtures will be cleaned.
This value accounts for dirt or dust that accumulates on all the
room surfaces — especially on the upper walls and ceiling. These
days it is common to consider RSDD negligible in most spaces.*
Ratio of maintained illuminance to initial illuminance (losses for
lamp lumen maintenance). ª Based on how often the lights are
cleaned and replaced. ª It considers such factors as decreased
efficiency with age, dust accumulation within the fitting itself and
the depreciation of reflectance as walls and ceiling age.
is a measure of the efficiency of a luminaire in transferring lumi-
nous energy to the working plane in a particular area.
ª A ____ measures the light actually reaching the desired plane as
a percentage of the total light produced by the fixture.
The CU is the ratio of (1)_________ from a luminaire incident
upon a work plane to that emitted by the lamps within the lumi-
naire. ª As a ratio, the coefficient of utilization is (2)______
Typical reflectance values:
White, off White, grey, light tints of blue or brown
Medium green, yellow, brown, or grey
dark grey, medium blue
dark blue, brown, dark green, and many wood finishes
____ describes the radiative exchange between the ceiling cavity
and the floor cavity.
The ___________ of the cavities are used as the reflectances of
the geometric shape of the space.
The _____is a crucial factor in determining the utilization factor
term in the Lumen Method. Several parameters are important. 20
In the Lumen Method of design, the room geometry is character-
ized by a _____.
____ is defined as the ratio of the distance between adjacent
lamps/luminaires (center to center), to their height above the
working plane.