PLANNING MODULE 2 LESSON 9-12

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Step 1: Organize
Step 2: Identify Stakeholders
Step 3: Set the vision
Step 4: Analyze the situation
Step 5: Set the Goals and Objectives\
Step 6: Establish Development Thrust and spatial Strategies
Land use Process (HLURB guidelines)
Step 7: Prepare the Land Use Plan
Step 8: Draft the Zoning Ordinance
Step 9: Conduct Public Hearing
Step 10: Review, Adopt and Approve the CLUP and ZO
Step 11: Implement the CLUP and ZO
Step 12: Monitor and Evaluate the CLUP and ZO
assemble the personnel

Steps

1.1 Discuss the need to prepare or update the CLUP

1.2 Access the available resource and prepare proposal

1.3 Organize the planning team

1.4 Orient the planning team

1.5 Inventory available information

1.6 Prepare and Disseminate IEC materials

1. ORGANIZE
Outputs

• Decision to prepare or update CLUP

• Strategies to undertake planning CLUP proposal

• SB/SP resolution approving the proposal

• Executive order designating members of planning team and

technical working group

• Defining roles and responsibilities

• Compilation of existing data

SB -sangguniang Bayan- city council

SP-sanggunian Panlalawigan Provincial Council

• Recognize and engage participants who can play an active role
in the planning process

2.1 Identify stakeholders by key planning and development sectors

or coverage

2.2 Prepare an action plan for approaching and involving each

person or group
STEP 2: IDENTIFY STAKEHOLDERS
2.3 Develop and implement an Information and Education Cam-
paign (IEC) plan

Outputs

• List of interest groups or individuals for identified key CLUP

outcome or result areas and objectives

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• Action plan with strategies for approaching and involving stake-
holders

• Information and Education Plan

Define the future you want. The vision shall serve as the driving
force that will move the entire city or municipality towards the
achievement of a common development direction and also guide
the succeeding stages of the planning process Steps

3.1 Review the vision, goals and objectives of the existing CLUP

3.2 Formulate the vision statement

3.3 Present the refined version statement of the Local Develop-

ment Council for endorsement to the Sangguniang Panlungsod/
Bayan for subsequent adoption

3.4 Adopt the vision 3

STEP 3 SET THE VISION
.5 Disseminate the adopted vision to the general public.

Output
1. Existing vision reaffirmed, revalidated or revised

2. Vision statement formulated and agreed upon

3. Feedback from Local Development Council

4. Adopted vision by Sangguniang Panlungsod/ Bayan

5. Official vision statement disseminated

• Identify the issues, potentials and future development needs and
spatial requirements of the city/ municipality. Assess the situation
using both technical and participatory methods. Steps

4.1 Review current CLUP, PPFP and relevant national and sub-
national plans

4.2 Update situation analysis and conduct new assessments

4.3 Validate new findings with stakeholders

4.4 Determine the current and projected needs

STEP 4: ANALYZE THE SITUATION
4.5 Determine land supply.

Outputs

1. Review of accomplishments of current CLUP based on key

result areas.

2. Refinement of baseline data based on stakeholder feedback

3. Current and projected needs per sector

4. Land supply for development

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STEP 5: SET THE GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
STEP 6: ESTABLISH DEVELOPMENT THRUST AND SPATIAL
STRATEGIES
TYPES OF BUFFER IN PRODUCTION AREAS
Agriculture and Forestland/Timberland Buffer
Industrial/Residential Buffer Areas
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• Formulate achievable goals and objectives, outcomes and output
indicators that are responsive to the issues, needs and potentials
of the municipality/ city.
Steps 5.1 Review the vision statement and the major problems
and opportunities identified in the situation analysis
5.2 Formulate the general goals and objectives
5.3 Identify the key outcome and output indicators
5.4 Validate and adopt the identified development goals, objec-
tives and key outcomes at the city/ municipality and community
level
Outputs
1. Analysis of vision, major problems, issues and potentials
2. General goals and objectives (multi-sectoral)
3. Key outcome and output indicators
4. Validates goals and objectives and outcome and output indica-
tors
(may sample diagram dito tingnan mo oy)
• Translate the vision and situation analysis into a desired physical
form Steps
6.1 Generate and evaluate the options for strategic development
thrust
6.2 Formulate development strategies to pursue the preferred
development thrust
6.3 Evaluate and select the most suitable development and spatial
strategies
6.4 Prepare the Structure Plan based on spatial strategies
Outputs
1. Preferred development thrust Development strategies for the
preferred development thrust
2. Preferred development and spatial strategies
3. Structure plan to provide the overall framework of the CLUP
(schematic diagram with short narratives
Areas Residential Planned Development with Open Space Buffer
These buffer areas are required to separate residential land uses
from designated business park/ industrial areas where noise from
vehicles and equipment, the use of hazardous materials in manu-
facturing process, truck traffic and otherwise heavy traffic volumes
would be incompatible with nearby residential uses.
Buffer areas may be required o separate pockets of sensitive
habitat areas such as steam/creeks or river corridors, wetlands,
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Sensitive Habitat Buffers
Public Facility Buffers
Growth Pattern Options
Option 1: Multi-Nodal Urban Form
Concentric Urban Form
STEP 7: PREPARE THE LAND USE PLAN
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sensitive species habitats and urban greenery/open spaces, from
any type of urban development that is inside identified production
and multiple land uses.
These buffer areas are required to protect the long-term viability
of critical public facilities such as solid waste transfer and disposal
sites, sewage treatment plants, and airports that may be signifi-
cant nuisance characteristics.
Areas are intended to separate residential, commercial and other
land uses continuously or frequently occupied by people from the
uses stated above.
The local government units may select or decide on any of the
spatial development concepts or combination thereof that will put
emphasis or underscore the identified development thrust and the
corresponding spatial strategy.
Redirects development away from the urban core or the city center
towards identified urban growth areas to nodes.
It approximates Lynch's Galaxy form characterized by clusters of
development, with each cluster having its own specialization.
The major center provides specialized facilities and provides to
its nodes and acts as its external linkage to the other centers
of the city or municipality. The nodes support the major center
as its captive market while providing neighborhood facilities and
services to its area of influence.
Under this urban form, a number of additional mixed-use growth
areas will be developed outside the poblacion area or the existing
center of development.
It shows a development channel fanning out from a given center
where points of activities are interconnected by radial and circum-
ferential road system which are potential development corridors.
reflects an outward expansion of urban development from the
city center or core induced by construction of new circumferential
and radial roads. This spatial pattern matches the Core City of
Kevin Lynch which has the unique characteristic of concentrating
development into one continuous body originating from the center
or core.
Translate the vision, goals and objectives, development thrust, and
spatial strategies into a land use plan.
Steps
7.1 Determine land requirements and supply
7.2 Design the basic land use scheme
7.3 Formulate the policies that will govern the specific land and
water uses
7.4 Identify the key strategic programs and projects to support
implementation of Land Use Plan
Outputs
1. Total Sectoral land requirement. Strategies for addressing land
requirements
2. Proposed Land Use Map Tabulation of existing and proposed
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uses. Proposed network of major and secondary roads

3. Land and water use policies

4. General listing of consolidated programs and

a. projects.
7.1.1 If the supply is adequate for the quantified needs and re-
quirements, determine if modifications or adjustments are neces-
sary.
Balancing Land Supply and Demand
7.1.2 If the demand is lower than the supply, the planner/s may
decide on the appropriate use(s) of the remaining land supply to
ensure the achievement of development thrust.
Translate the Land Use Plan into integrated Zoning Ordinance
(ZO) and complementary ordinance

Steps
8.1 Define the title and purpose of the integrated Zoning Ordi-
nance

8.2 Designate specific zones in the city based on the CLUP

8.3 Identify and agree on regulations for each zone or district

STEP 8: DRAFT THE ORDINANCE
8.4 Identify areas where Co-Management Agreement and In-
ter-LGU cooperation and coordination as well as Indigenous Po-
litical System can apply
8.5 Determine any innovative techniques designs; or miscella-
neous provisions and mitigating measures to include variance and
exception provision

8.6 Identify or define provisions to administer and enforce ZO.

8.7 Formulate other key provisions of the ZO.

INNOVATIVE LAND USE AND URBAN DESIGN RULES
are planning tools that provide better pedestrian access to com-
mercial and residential areas and transit stops through compact
Pedestrian Oriented Development Overlay Zones-
development, mixed- use, traffic calming and pedestrian-transit
orientation.
are planning tools that concentrate commercial and residential
Transit Oriented Development Overlay Zones-
growth around transit centers to maximize access to public transit.
are planning tools that promote more efficient, orderly and com-
pact development while preserving community character and nat-
Urban Growth Boundaries-
ural resources, and stimulating community and economic devel-
opment.
- are planning tools for the redevelopment of underutilized land
Infill Development Overlays
bypassed by continuous development.
provides greater housing variety, density and reduce travel dis-
tances, and serve a variety of functions which are essential for
vibrant urban areas. This concept is often used with Pedestrian
and Transport Orientation, Urban Growth Boundaries and Infill
Development.
Mixed-use Zones

The city of Makati has designated residential zones, all commer-

cial zones and all institutional zones for mixed use in its Land Use
Plan.

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Transition Zoning
Design Standards and Neighborhood Compatibility
Façade Zones
9. Setbacks, Open Spaces and Yards
10. Driveway With and Curb Cuts
11. Building Height
12. Floor Area Ratios
Transfer of Development Rights
Preservation
Urban Envelopes
Affordable Housing Agreements
Adopt a neighborhood
STEP 9: CONDUCT PUBLIC HEARING/CONSULTATION ( Stage
1:Pre-Public Hearing)
defines special regulations that can only apply to boundaries be-
tween incompatible uses or developments that can help connect
two very different zones.
MIXEO
- are urban design rules tat control the appearance of buildings to
establish a district and coherent character for a place.
- are urban design rules that focus on the control of publicly
accessible parts of the building such as storefronts or facades
instead of controlling the design of the entire building.
(12) - as opposed to height regulations can regulate both the den-
sity and height of buildings in a given area, allowing the developer
some leeway in the distribution of the floor area and the form of
the building
- zoning technique that can redirect future development potential
from one location to another in a way that it is fair and equitable to
the involved property owners.
- can allow controlled development while retaining desirable en-
vironmental site features such as natural topography, hydrology,
biodiversity, as well as erosion and sedimentation control and
views.
are three-dimensional boundaries that can set the maximum de-
velopable volume by setting a fixed height and clear boundaries
for development.
- Certain percentage of development for affordable housing, keep-
ing communities diverse and affordable.
- allow private organizations to display discrete advertising in an
area as long as they attend to the maintenance, cleaning and other
neighborhood revitalization projects.
9.1. Prepare the required documents
9.2. Conduct internal briefing
9.3. Prepare an information dissemination plan.
9.4. Constitute the Public Hearing! Consultation Board
9.5. Conduct a public exhibition of the draft CLUP and ZO.
9.6. Announce/ publicize the public hearing/ consultation.
Output
Executive summary, feedback form, information flyers and posters
Briefing of Mayor, local departments, SP/SP members and Local
Development Council
Strategies for information dissemination
Public Hearing/ Consultation Board to coordinate, conduct public
hearing. and evaluate comments
Public exhibition in strategic areas at least 7 days prior to public
hearing
Letters, posters, banners, flyers, public announcements etc.
9.7. Conduct public hearing/consultation.
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Step 9 Stage 2: Public Hearing/Consultation
Stage 3: Committee Hearing
Stage 4: Post-Public Hearing
STEP 10: REVIEW, ADOPT AND APPROVE THE CLUP AND ZO
STEP 11: IMPLEMENT THE CLUP AND ZOI ORDINANCE
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Public hearing (at least 1 for Component Cities and Municipalities
and at least 2 for Highly Urbanized Cities and Independent Com-
ponent Cities
9.8. Conduct the SP/ SB committee hearings.
Committee hearings with stakeholders
9.9. Evaluate comments and positions.
9.10. Refine the draft CLUP and ZO.
9.11. Submit the final draft of the CLUP and ZO to the SB/SP
Outputs
Consolidated comments and decisions on what will be incorporat-
ed
Final draft for SB/SP reading
Draft of CLUP/ZO for submission to HLURB or Provincial/ Region-
al Land Use Committee as appropriate
Conduct a comprehensive review, adoption and approval/ ratifica-
tion of the CLUP/ZO.
Steps
10.1. Submit the final draft CLUP/ ZO to the SB/SP, PLUC, RLUC,
or HLURB for review and approval.
10.2. Conduct of review and approval of the CLUP/ZO by the
SB/SP, PLUC, RLUC, or HLURB
Outputs
Required documents submitted
Adopted and enacted CLUP and ZO
Set prerequisite measure to realistically implement the CLUP and
ZO
Steps
11.1. Strengthen and build local institutional mechanisms.
11.2. Inform and educate.
11.3. Establish inter-LGU partnership and/or co-management
agreements
11.4. Localize to barangay or community level.
11.5. Other ways to implement the CLUP
Outputs
Approved Institutional Structure and Systems and Procedures
Information, Education and Communication (IEC) Plan /Advocacy
MOA, MOU with other LGUS, NGAS, etc.
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Enhanced/revised BDP

CLUP implementation tools and instruments

Assess how fully and effectively the plan is being
carried out and implemented

12.1. Organize a monitoring review and evaluation (MRE) body.

12.2. Develop MRE Systems and Procedures

12.3. Conduct actual MRE

12.4. Review CLUP and ZO for updating

12.5. Submit the report

STEP 12: MONITOR AND EVALUATE
Output

MRE teams created/organized

Monitoring systems and procedures, including benchmarks and

indicators

MRE results

Proposed actions for the revision/updating of the CLUP and ZO

Action by Mayor, SB/SP

LESSON 10- LAND USE PLANNING INSITUTIONAL SET-UP
City Planning Development Office CPDO =
Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board, HLURB =
highly urbanized cities, HUCS =
Independent Component Cities, ICCs =
Local Development Councils, LDC =
local government unit, LGU =
Metro Manila Development Authority, MMDA =
Provincial Land Use Committees, PLUC =
Regional Land Use Committee, RLUC =
Sangguniang Panlalawigan SP=
As of March 31, 2021
17
81 Region=
146 province=
1,488 City=
42,046 Municipality=
Barangay=
a minimum population of (200,000 inhabitants, as certified by the
National Statistics Office, the latest annual income of at least
Highly urbanized cities
P50,000,000.00 based on 1991 constant prices, as certified by
the city treasurer per Section 452 of Republic Act 7160).
cities whose charters prohibit their voters from voting for provincial
elective officials. Independent component cities shall be indepen-
Independent Component Cities
dent of the province. Cities include Dagupan City, Ormoc City,
Santiago City, Naga City, and Cotabato City.
are cities which do not meet the above requirements shall be
considered _____________ of the province in which they are
Component Cities
geographically located. If a component city is located within the
boundaries of 2 or more provinces, such city shall be considered
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PROPOSED NATIONAL LAND USE ACT OF 1978
NEDA-National Economic and Development Authority
-absorbed the function of Housing and Urban Development Coor-
dinating Council (HUDCC) and Housing And Land Use Regulatory
DHSUD-Department Of Human Settlement And Urban Develop- Board (HLURB)
ment
Functions
LGU-Local Government units
DENR- Department of Environment and Natural Resources -
Department of Agriculture
Department of Agrarian Reform
Department of Public Works and Highways
Department of Science and Technology
Department of Trade and Industry
Department of Justice
1. local Government Code (LGC) 0f 1991
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a component of the province of which it used to be a municipality.
Examples of component cities are Laoag City, Tuguegarao City,
Tarlac City, Batangas City, Legazpi City, and Roxas City
-proposed law creates a national land-use authority that will draft
and oversee a national land-use plan that will classify land accord-
ing to use: protection (for conservation), production (for agriculture
and fisheries), settlements development (for residential purpos-
es), and infrastructure development
LEADING AGENCIES IN LAND USE PLANNING NATIONAL
LAND USE COMMITTEE AUGUST 2, 1983
-central government agency responsible for economic develop-
ment and planning
In charge of management of human settlement and housing de-
velopment.
Environmental, Land Use and Urban Planning and Development;
Housing and Real Estate Development Regulation; and Home-
owners Association and Community Development.
-supervise all local government at city and municipality level in the
preparation of land use plan and implementation of zoning based
on HLURB guidelines
responsible for management, legal classification and authorized
disposition of public lands including forest, pasture lands swamp
lands and alienable and disposable lands
DA-
DAR-
DPWH-
DOST
DTI-
DOJ-
LAND USE POLICIES/LAWS
Adopt a comprehensive land use plan for the municipality: Pro-
vided, That the formulation, adoption, or modification of said plan
shall be in coordination with the approved provincial comprehen-
sive land use plan )
Reclassify land within the jurisdiction of the municipality, subject to
the pertinent provisions of this Code; (ix) Enact integrated zoning
ordinances in consonance with the approved comprehensive land
use plan, subject to existing laws, rules and regulations; estab-
lished fire limits or zones, particularly in populous centers; and
regulate the construction, repair or modification of buildings within
said fire limits or zones in accordance with the provisions of this
Code;
(x) Subject to national law, process and approve subdivision
plans for residential, commercial, or industrial purposes and other
development purposes, and collect processing fees and other
charges the proceeds of which shall accrue entirely to the mu-
nicipality: Provided, however, That, where approval by a national
agency or office is required, said approval shall not be withheld for
more than thirty (30) days from receipt of the application. Failure
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2. URBAN DEVELOPMENT HOUSING ACT (UDHA) 1992
f. To fix and prescribe reasonable NIPAS fees to be collected from
government agencies or any person, firm or corporation deriving
3. NIPAS NATIONAL INTEGRATED PROTECTION AREA SYS-
benefits from the protected areas;
TEM (1992)
4. IPRA INDIGENOUS PEOPLE'S RIGHTS ACT 1997
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to act on the application within the period stated above shall be
deemed as approval thereof
2) In coordination with the National Economic and Development
Authority and the National Statistics Office, provide data and
information for forward-planning by the local government units
in their areas, particularly on projections as to the population
and development trends in their localities and the corresponding
investment programs needed to provide appropriate types and
levels of infrastructure, utilities, services and land use patterns;
and
(3) Assistance in obtaining funds and other resources needed in
the urban development and housing programs in their areas or
responsibility.
(b) The National Housing Authority, upon request of local govern-
ment units, shall provide technical and other forms of assistance
in the implementation of their respective urban development and
housing programs with the objective of augmenting and enhancing
local government capabilities in the provision of housing benefits
to their constituents;
zoning plan in adjoining areas for the preservation and control of
activities that may threaten the ecological balance in the protected
areas;
c. To cause the preparation of and exercise the power to review all
plans and proposals for the management of protected areas;
d. To promulgate rules and regulations necessary to carry out the
provisions of this Act;
e. To deputize field officers and delegate any of his powers under
this Act and other laws to expedite its implementation and en-
forcement;
g. To exact administrative fees and fines as authorized in Section
21 for violation of guidelines, rules and regulations of this Act as
would endanger the viability of protected areas;
h. To enter into contracts and/or agreements with private entities
or public agencies as may be necessary to carry out the purposes
of this Act;
i. To accept in the name of the Philippine Government and in
behalf of NIPAS funds, gifts or bequests of money for immediate
disbursements or other property in the interest of the NIPAS, its
activities or its services;
j. To call on any agency or instrumentality of the Government as
well as [...]"
ecological, environmental protection and the conservation mea-
sures, pursuant to national and customary laws; the right to an
informed and intelligent participation in the formulation and im-
plementation of any project, government or private, that will affect
or impact upon the ancestral domains and to receive just and fair
compensation for any damages which they sustain as a result of
the project; and the right to effective measures by the government
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to prevent any interfere with, alienation and encroachment upon
these rights;
the penalty as provided for under _______________. — The
Department, in consultation with the farmers and fisher folk, the
private sector, NGOs, people's organizations and the appropriate
government agencies and offices, shall formulate and implement a
medium- and long-term comprehensive Agriculture and Fisheries
Modernization Plan.

AFMA AGRICULTURE, FISHERIES, MODERNIZATION ACT The Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Plan shall focus on
1997, five (5) major concerns:

Republic Act No.7160 Section 13. Agriculture and Fisheries Mod-

ernization Plan (AFMP) b. Poverty alleviation and social equity;

c. Income enhancement and profitability, especially for farmers

and fisher folk;

d. Global competitiveness; and

e. Sustainability
LESSON 11-TRANSPORTATION PLANNING
helps shape an area's economic health and quality of life

.• _________ is how people and goods get where they are going.

Transportation • This can happen by car, truck, bus, foot, bicycle, railroad, or
airplane.

• It influences patterns of growth and economic activity by provid-

Transportation planning
Transportation planning
ing access to land.
Is the field involved with the sitting of Transportation facilities. •
_________________plays a fundamental role in the state, region
or community's vision for its future. •It includes a comprehensive
consideration of possible strategies; an evaluation process that
encompasses diverse viewpoints; the collaborative participation
of relevant transportation-related agencies and organizations; and
open, timely, and meaningful public involvement.
____________ is a cooperative process designed to foster in-
volvement by all users of the system, such as the business
community, community groups, environmental organizations, the
traveling public, freight operators, and the general public, through
a proactive public participation process

Transportation planning includes a number of steps:

• Monitoring _________ conditions;

• Forecasting _____________________, including assessing

projected land uses in the region and identifying major growth
existing
corridors;
future population and employment growth
current and projected future transportation problems
• Identifying ________________ and needs and analyzing,
long-range plans and short-range programs
through detailed planning studies, various transportation improve-
future improvements
ment strategies to address those needs;
financial plan
• Developing _____________________ of alternative capital im-
provement and operational strategies for moving people and
goods;

• Estimating the impact of recommended ____________to the

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transportation system on environmental features, including air
quality; and

• Developing a ___________ for securing

Reflect National, State and local values
Should be specific and quantifiable
Develop performance measures and evaluation criteria
Goals and Objectives
Used in
• Identification of deficiencies
• Evaluation of alternatives
Establishment of priorities
No specific structure required
Forum for transportation decision making
Organization Cooperative partnership among stakeholders
Establish regional priorities to achieve regional goals
Clearly defined rolls and responsibilities
Aid in data analysis and forecasting of future conditions
Help answer "What if" questions
Provide information to the decision makers

Technical Tools
Examples
travel demand forecasting models
economic/land use forecasting models
pavement management system
air quality emissions models
Early and continuous opportunities for public input

• average citizens
affected public agencies
private transportation providers
Public & Other Agency Involvement
transportation agency employees
transportation disadvantaged

Keep public informed Inform decision makers of public views

Demonstrate explicit consideration of public input
Assures that plan and program are in balance with revenues
Identifies what can be built with existing revenues
Financial Plan Identifies funding shortfall
Can include strategies to meet shortfall
Can include innovative funding options
Timely and accurate data is essential to the process
All of the technical tools rely on data
Examples

roadway inventory
Data
traffic volumes
population
employment
travel surveys
commodity flows
Issues:
• Physical Condition
• Functional Usage
• Maintain Existing vs System Expansion
Identify and Analyze Issues and Deficiencies (Current and Future)
Deficiencies(current and future):
• Capacity/Congestion
Pavement Condition
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Safety
Mobility
Develop Alternative Solutions
Evaluate Sets of Solutions
Develop and Evaluate Alternatives Establish Priorities
• Consistent with Revenues
Using Goals and Objectives
Establish Preliminary Priorities
20 Year Horizon - Update every 3 to 5 years

"Best" long and short range improvements from alternatives ana-

Prepare and Adopt LRP lyzed

Priorities consistent with Goals and Objectives

Financially constrained in urbanized areas
Prioritized list of projects to be implemented over 3 years
Updated at least every 2 years
Prepare and Adopt S/TIP
Projects must be consistent with the transportation plan
TIP/STIP must be financially constrained
Build projects in the plan and program
Implement Operating agencies are responsible
Planning staffs track implementation
lESSON 12- ISSUES AND IMPERATIVES FOR INTEGRATED
PUBLIC TRANSPORT PLANNING FOR METRO MANILA
_____percent of the country's population are packed in only about
13, 0.2
_______percent of the country's land area
Metro Manila dominates the economy accounting for _____ per-
43.5
cent of the country's GDP in 2000
The effect of ___________ of the metropolis spilled over the
rapid urbanization
adjoining municipalities
17 Comprised of _____ cities and municipalities
____________ that has encouraged urban sprawl, or low density
Uncontrolled development
development (residential) at the outer areas
_______ of low-income households, i.e. 'informal settlers', in the
Proliferation
inner city areas
Drastic increase in motorized trips in Metro Manila -

-10.6 million trips (1980)

- 16.95 million trips (1996)
Increasing Travel Demand
• Serious increase in car ownership

- 10% (1980)
- 20% (1996)
•Metro Manila accounts for around _______ of all registered ve-
hicles
30%
•Increase in number of Utility Vehicles (UV) and Tricycles
Metro Manila accounts for ________ of the country's recorded
number of fatalities from road accidents in 2002

one-third • About 25 percent to 40 percent of all pedestrians killed or

15 seriously injured were under __________
2.6%
• This is bound to worsen with the implementation of traffic man-
agement schemes that favor high speed and weaving maneuvers
and poor protection of pedestrians crossing the streets
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• National cost of traffic accidents had been estimated to consti-

tute________ of the Gross Domestic Product of the Philippines in
2005.
Increasing travel demand

• Share of public transport is still high but this may not be sustained
in the future
Public Transport Trend
• Low quality road-based public transport services

• Lack of integration between road and rail-based transit services

Generally medium to large size

Fewer 'colorum'

Audited book keeping

Formal contracts for staff, minimum wages, training of staff

Formal Transport Pays taxes on regular basis in accordance with audited books
Regular schedules and on-board communications

Garage and provision for (regular) maintenance

Allow for depreciation in fleet and regular renewal

Management information systems to allow for financial planning

and management
Generally small to medium size, many owner operators
More 'colorum'
No regular bookkeeping
Where staff is employed mostly on boundary system
Informal Transport Tax evasion or tax avoidance, bribing
Ad-hoc scheduling
Ad hoc or no repair facilities
Stretch operational life beyond life -time
"Back of the envelope" calculations
Increasing travel demand

• Increasing demand for new paratransit modes e.g. FX Taxi

• Increased preference for higher quality modes
• Increasing ownership and use of private modes, namely car and
Public Transport planning issues
motorcycle
• Low quality of road-based PT services

- Oversupply
- Inadequacy in planning and operations management

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