PLANNING MODULE 2 LESSON 6-8

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1 st : a physical representation of doing something.
Plan æ
æ 2 nd: method of doing something or orderly arrangements of parts
of an objective
to arrange parts of'
To Plan, planning and planner
'to realize the achievement of' the making of an orderly sequence
of action that will lead to the achievement of a stated goal or goals
Written statements

o Supplemented by statistical projections

o Mathematical representation
Main Techniques
o Quantified evaluations and diagrams illustrating relationships
between different parts of the plan

o Physical blueprints of object

a process o making a plan for architecture, and the documentation
Architectural Planning of written and graphic descriptions of the architectural elements of
a building project including sketches, drawings and details
o used by land use planners to describe a process that determines
community goals and aspirations in terms of community develop-
ment.
Comprehensive Planning
o It is a long-range planning and policy analysis through the
preparation, maintenance and administration of the Comprehen-
sive Plan.
o Identifying issues

o Stating goals

o Collecting data

o Preparing the plan

Comprehensive planning process:
o Creating preliminary plans

o Evaluating alternatives

o Adopting a plan

o Implementing and monitoring the plan

branch of public policy which encompasses various disciplines
which seek to order and regulate the use of land in an efficient
and ethical way.

Functions:
Land Use Plan, zoning and transport infrastructure planning.
most basic level land use planning is to involve _____________
________________ is an important part of social policy, ensuring
that land is used efficiently for the benefit of the wider economy
and population as well as to protect the environment.
o Architecture

o Environmental planning

o Landscape architecture

o Regional Planning
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o Spatial planning

o Sustainable Development

o Transportation Planning
Land use planning encompasses the following disciplines:
o Urban design

oUrban planning

o Urban Renaissance

o Urban renewal
o a process that helps communities identify strengths and weak-
nesses and determine ways to improve the quality of life in the
community.

Interactional process

o investigation, discussion, and agreement by a number of people

Social Planning in the preparation and carrying out of a program

Function

o to improve conditions of needs in the community.

o involves the action of a formal political, legal, or recognized

voluntary body.
o process by which key economic decisions are made or influ-
Economic Planning
enced by central governments.
o process of making a budget, a plan for spending and saving
future income.

o allocates future income to various types of expenses, such as

rent or utilities, and also reserves some income for short-term and
Financial planning, investment plan longterm savings.

o also be an ____________, which allocates savings to various

assets or projects expected to produce future income, such as a
new business or product line, shares in an existing business, or
real estate
o process of planning a festival, ceremony, competition, party, or
convention.
Events Planning
o includes budgeting, establishing dates and alternate dates,
selecting and reserving the event site, acquiring permits, and
coordinating transportation and parking.
o process of defining tactics, or direction, and making decisions on
Strategic Planning allocating its resources to pursue this strategy, including its capital
and people.

o SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and

Threats )

o PEST analysis (Political, Economic, Social, and Technological

analysis) Analysis techniques that can be used in strategic planning:

o STEER analysis (Socio-cultural, Technological, Economic, Eco-

logical, and Regulatory factors)

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 PLANNING MODULE 2 LESSON 6-8
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o EPISTEL (Environment, Political, Informatics, Social, Techno-
logical, Economic and Legal)
o refers specifically to economic planning with a view to the devel-
opment of regions which, for one reason or another, are suffering
Regional Planning serious economic problems, as demonstrated by indices such as
high unemployment or low incomes in relation t the rest of the
nation
o involved with the siting of transportation facilities (general-
ly streets, highways, sidewalks, bike lanes and public transport
lines).
Transportation Planning
o Transportation planning historically has followed the rational
planning model of defining goals and objectives, identifying prob-
lems, generating alternatives, evaluating alternatives, and devel-
oping the plan.
Geddesian process: ________________

Patrick Geddes work of method, which became part of the stan-

Classical planning, survey-analysis-plan dard sequence of planning

o Survey of the area as it was, followed by systematic analysis of

the problem, followed by production of the plan
No point of checking if the goals and objectives are met

o plan in the singular, no preliminary, alternative plans to be

evaluated against each other and the best plan is selected
Deficiencies of Survey-analysis-plan o Linear approach.
The planning process ends in the implementation. Once imple-
mented a plan or policy may turn out to be ineffective or it may
have undesirable effects which we have not foreseen.
Systems Approach Planning 1960s -two distinct planning theories emerged
-Theory of the object that town planning seeks to plan, namely.
Systems view' of planning
Environment, now seen as a system of interconnected parts.
-Theory about the process of planning and, in particular, of plan-
'Rational process' view of planning
ning as a rational process of decision-making.
o Both theories presumed a deep conception of ____________
planning and control
which sociologist Patrick Geddes
System view of planning was described in highly abstract, techni-
cal and mathematical terms.

General system theory, System ____________ is the idea of things as a systems.

____________ is something composed of interconnected parts -a

complex whole - parts are interconnected and so interdependent
As we think of living organism as systems, we can also view
systems. functioning human-made entities, such as cities and regions, as
_________
Considering cities as a _________ therefore planners needed to
complex of system
understand how cities work
Once cities viewed as _____________ , it follows that a change
inter-related systems of activities and places
to one part of the city will cause changes to some other part
developed the field of cybernetics, inspiring a generation of scien-
tists to think of computer technology as a means to extend human
Norbert Wiener capabilities

Father of cybernetics

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o proposed that the study of ____________ was only part of much
larger science of cybernetics.
automatic control system,
o principle is also a key feature of life forms from the simplest
plants to the most complex animals, which change their actions
in response to their environment.
LESSON 7 CONCEPTS OF LAND
cases when the inherent features and characteristics of the land
have not been considerably altered or modified such that the soil
Reversible Uses
horizon, landform, and structure remain intact so that the land can
be reverted to its former use or original condition.
when land is subject to applications which brought about changes,
alteration or modifications so much so that it preempts the original
Irreversible Uses
use or it is physically impossible to restore the land to its previous
state or condition
• combining different land uses, whether reversible or irreversible,
in an orderly and desirable pattern because:

1. Land is finite and supply is finite

Multiple Land Uses
2. Demand is ever increasing
3. Competition is there
4. Land can indeed have more than one use, and uses can be
combined in different ways.
a related concept of multiple uses of land is the compatibility of
uses. Some land uses are innately incompatible while others are
Compatible and Incompatible Land Uses
completely compatible. Compatible uses can coexist harmonious-
ly and effectively in an orderly management
• The use of land which generates the maximum profit without
negative consequences especially on the environment

• Land should be used in such a manner consistent with its

Highest and Best Use of the Land natural qualities to maximize its productivity and also adhere to
the principles of sustainable development.

• Simply put, it is utilizing land in a manner that is beneficial to both

man and environment
LESSON 8 LAND USE PLANNING
Refers to a document embodying a set of policies accompanied
by maps and similar illustrations , which represent the community
desired pattern of population distribution and a proposal for the
future allocation of land to the various land-using activities.
Land Use Planning
Refers to the rational and judicious approach of allocating avail-
able land resources to different land using activities and for differ-
ent functions consistent with the overall development vision/goal
of a particular city.
Refers to the manner of utilization of land, including its allocation,
development and management.

OBJECTIVES

• To promote efficient utilization, acquisition and disposition of land

Land Use ensure the highest and best use of land

• To direct, harmonize and influence discussions and activities of

the private and public sectors relative to the use and management
of lands

• To reconcile land use conflicts and proposals between and

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among individuals, private and government entities relative to the
present and future need for the land

• To promote desirable patterns of land uses to prevent wasteful

development and minimize the cost of public infrastructure and
utilities and other social services

• To preserve areas of ecological, aesthetic, historical and cultural

significance
A. Residential
B. Commercial
C. Institutional
D. Industrial Classifications of Urban Land Use
E. Transportation
F. Open spaces/greens
G. Utilities
It is where people live. The type of housing in an area is based on
Residential residential density, defined by the number of housing units in a unit
of land.
Low-density single family homes, semi detached homes, and duplexes
Medium-density town houses, low-rise apartments
High-density high-rise apartments
Subdivisions, Apartments, Condominium, Socialized/economic
Typical Types of residential Communities
Housing
land that is set aside for commercial activities includes any land
use that is used for buying, selling, or trading goods and services.
Commercial
category includes all types of wholesale, retail and service activ-
ities serving areas larger that neighborhoods
Shopping, service area with largest dept. and variety stores, spe-
Major CBD cialty shops, business and professional services, hotels, theatres,
etc.
market as main feature (types: wholesale market, wet and dry
Minor CBD
market); residential-commercial or mixed-use development.
Commercial Strip Extension of CBD
local sources of staple and convenience goods and services; built
Neighborhood Center around supermarket with convenience stores; population served:
7,500-20,000
Major CBD, Commercial strips, Minor CBD, Neighborhood Cen-
Types of Commercial Centers
ters
Land that covers the major public and semipublic uses like ed-
ucational, cultural, religious, health, protective and government
services
Institutional
It is occupied by schools, hospitals, government offices, and
places of worship.
Land that is used for industry businesses; Factories, warehouses,
power plants, or places of resource extraction (like mines).
Industrial
It includes manufacturing, refining, fabricating, assembly, storage,
parking and other incidental uses including food processing, cot-
tage industry, sawmills, rice mills, steel mills, chemical processing
Land that is used for moving people and goods from one place to
another. • Includes: sidewalks, roads, highways, subways, street-
TRANSPORTATION
cars, railroad tracks, freight yards, airports, marinas and any other
land that is used for transportation.

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OPEN SPACE
Parks/Playgrounds and other Recreational Areas
"non-functional open spaces"
UTILITIES AND FACILITIES
Land Classification
Land Reclassification
Land Sub-classification
Zoning
Land Use Conversion
Urban sprawl
Land ownership
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• ____________Land that is now vacant, or left in a natural state
(like a woodlot), or land that is for recreational use (parks, play-
grounds, community centres)
• ________________ the space requirement may be computed
with the use of space standards based on population or area of
the municipality or city
• so called ____________________ and includes lands reserved
for greenbelts and buffer zones; and other vacant lands reserved
for specific or functional purposes.
• Utilities like clean water distribution and waste water collection
• Solid waste management
• Communications utilities
• involves the assessment of unclassified lands under the public
domain which include surveying, classifying, studying and map-
ping areas into agricultural, forest or timber, mineral and national
parks;
- National government/DENR; congress delineates limits of forest-
lands and national parks.
is the subsequent classification, allocation and disposition of lands
of the public domain, classified as alienable and disposable into
specific uses;
- National Government/DENR in coordination with LGUs.
is the act of determining and assigning the uses of classified public
lands; - National government/DENR
is the legislative act of delineating areas or districts within the
territorial jurisdictions of cities and municipalities that may be put
to specific uses and their regulation, subject to the limitations
imposed by law or competent authority
is the act of putting a piece or parcel of land into a type of use other
than that for which it is currently being utilized
CHALLENGES, ISSUES IN LAND USE PLANNING
1. unplanned growth of cities due to rapid increase of population
migration natural birth
Problems of urban sprawl
1. Loss of agricultural lands to urban use
2. Poor siting of residential and other land use activities resulting
to long distance travel
3. Urban blight/ decay
4. Poor/inefficient delivery of social services
Private developers buy lands as a form of investment with future
use of the property, the shape and size are not according the
direction of urban growth. Land as a property, protected by Bill
of Rights in the Constitution. " no person shall be deprived of life,
liberty and property without due process of law......
 PLANNING MODULE 2 LESSON 6-8
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Encourage land speculation-buying land with the hope the price
will increase in the near future
sectoral Resource management Each sector does its own thing to its respective resources
The proposed National Land Use Act of 1978 (NLUA) has under-
gone so many deliberations by the Congress and until now it has
not been accepted as a law
Absence of a National Land use Policy/law to establish integrated
land use development direction for the entire country
This act will serve as an integrated institutional land use set-up to
come up with an integrated allocation and management of land
use activities for the entire country
Inefficient land use and zoning, leniency in the execution of laws
pertaining to reclassification/conversion of agricultural lands in-
volving DENR and the local Government units respectively
Loss of prime agricultural land
Underutilized/inefficient use of land

Especially tracts of urban vacant lands where development is

impossible due to its ownership condition
Approaches to mitigate the issues/challenges related to land use
planning
Cities and municipalities that are dependent to the central city
results to less efficient due to the competing in the delivery of
social services. An integrated planning and administration ap-
proach among cities and municipalities for services not only to be
attended /addressed with the city/municipality but goes beyond to
Metropolitanization
the adjacent/identified integrated areas

2. The integrations of such services and areas will help each

city/municipality share the burden of management, regulation, use
of land under one identified metropolitan authority.
1. Metro Manila
2. Metro Cebu
3. Metro BLIST (Baguio)
4. Metro Davao
METROPOLITAN AREAS IN THE PHILIPPINES
5. Metro Iloilo
6. Metro CAMADA (Dagupan)
7. Metro Cagayan de Oro
8. Metro Naga
the metropolitan area assumes one politicalgeographical body
managed by an Authority ex: Metropolitan Manila Development
Authority

Identifying social goals, delivery of social services are identified

by the Authority

Local government officials still maintain their powers except for

component cities

Areas where coordinated services are delivered/ managed by the

ADVANTAGES IN FORMING METROPOLITAN AREAS
Metropolitan Authority

1. Transport planning

2. Land use planning

Delivery of basic services like

1. Police and fire protection

2. Garbage disposal
3. Flood control
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4. Sewage collection
5. Water supply
6. Electric power
7. telecommunications
_________Due to the presence of open spaces, mostly agricul-
tural lands that are available for land conversion, urban renewal in
not fully used in improving the conditions of urban areas

In order to check urban sprawl, decaying inner cities need to be

revitalized.

. Urban Renewal , renovating Through "______________" the older cities of urban blight, will
attract investors, provide citizens with healthy living environment
that will help them be productive and socially active

ncentives are given to private investors to locate their businesses

in the defined areas. The businesses will serve as catalyst for
socio-economic change of the area Example: Taguig BGC
the process whereby the character of a poor urban area is
changed by wealthier people moving in, improving housing, and
Gentrification
attracting new businesses, typically displacing current inhabitants
in the process

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