#Week 1# Contents:

*Student’s Worksheet for Mathematics I* A. Real Numbers

1. Sets of Real Numbers
Chapter 1: Number System 2. Intervals of real numbers
3. Combining Intervals

A. Real Numbers
1. Sets of Real Numbers
Any numbers that can be represented geometrically as points on a number line are real
numbers.
Subsets of real numbers:
❖ Natural numbers : numbers used to count, 𝐍: {𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟒, … }.
❖ Whole numbers : natural numbers together with zero, 𝐖: {𝟎, 𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟒, … }.
❖ Integers : positive whole numbers and negative numbers together with
zero, 𝐙: {… , −𝟐, −𝟏, 𝟎, 𝟏, 𝟐, , … }.
❖ Prime numbers : numbers that has exactly two factors, 1 and itself, 𝐏: {𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟓, … }.
Question 1
Classify the set of numbers {−1, 0, − 2, 23, 18, − 17 } as natural numbers, prime numbers,
whole numbers or integers.
Answer:

Question 2
State the difference for natural numbers, prime numbers, whole numbers, integers, and give
the examples (5 numbers each).
Answer:

𝑎
❖ Rational numbers: numbers which can be expressed as ,𝑏 ≠ 0, 𝑎, 𝑏 integers. i.e.
𝑏
3 1 5
, , , and so on. In decimal form, rational number may be a terminating decimal
4 2 7
3 3
(such as = 0,75) or repeating decimal (such as = 0,27272727 … ),
4 11
𝐚
𝐐: { , 𝐚, 𝐛 ∈ 𝐙 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐛 ≠ 𝟎}.
𝐛
❖ Irrational numbers: numbers whose decimals neither terminate nor repeat.
̅ : {𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐧𝐨𝐭 𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 } i.e. √3, − √5, 𝑒, 𝜋, and so on.
𝐐

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Question 3
1
Classify the set of numbers {−2, , 0.23, e, √5, 2.31515151 … } as rational or irrational numbers.
3

Answer:

Question 4
State the difference between rational and irrational numbers and give the examples (5 numbers
each).
Answer:

Relation of subsets of real numbers

REAL NUMBERS (R)

Rational Numbers (Q)

Integers (Z)

Whole Numbers( W)
Irrational
Natural Numbers (N) Numbers (𝑸̅)
Prime Numbers (P)

Review 1
3
Which elements of the set {−5, −√7, − 0.25, 2, 3.142 … ,0, e, , 3.142, cos 00 } are:
5

a) Natural numbers
b) Whole numbers
c) Integers
d) Rational numbers

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 e) Irrational numbers
f) Real numbers
g) Prime numbers
Answer:

2. Intervals of Real Numbers

Intervals of real numbers can be illustrated using:
❖ Real number line denoted by:

❖ Interval notation denoted by: [ ], ( ), [ ), ( ],

(𝐚, 𝐛) : open interval
[𝐚, 𝐛] : closed interval
[𝐚, 𝐛), (𝐚, 𝐛] : half – open interval
(𝐚, ∞) : infinite interval
❖ Set notation denoted by { }.
For example, the solution to the inequality 𝑥 ≥ 2 can be expressed in set notation
as follows: {𝒙: 𝒙 ≥ 𝟐} read “the set of all 𝒙 such that x is greater than or equal
to 2. Here is the illustration table for all:

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Question 5
Write each of the following set of real numbers using a real number line, interval notation and
set notation:
a) The set of real numbers less than 10.
b) The set of real numbers greater than equal to 5.
c) The set of real numbers greater than equal to – 5 but less than 9.
d) The set of real numbers between 7 and 20.
Answer:

Question 6
Show the following set of real numbers using a real number line and interval notation.
a) {x: x ≥ 10, x ∈ R}

b) {x: −2 < x ≤ 2, x ∈ R}

c) {x: x < −2, x ∈ R}

Answer:

Question 7
Write the s et and interval notation for the interval of real number lines shown below.

Answer:

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3. Combining Interval
The symbols of union (∪) and intersection (∩) are used to show the combination of
intervals. If A and B are two intervals, then (𝐀 ∩ 𝐁) is the set of real numbers that belong
to both intervals. (𝐀 ∪ 𝐁) is the set of real numbers that belong to either one or both of
the intervals.

Question 8
Write each union as a single interval. a) (−1,5) ∩ (3,9), b) [−4,3) ∪ (0, ∞).
Answer:

Question 9
Write each union as a single interval.
a) (1,5) ∪ (3,9)
b) [−4,3) ∩ [0, ∞)
Answer:

Review 2
Write each union or intersection as a single interval.
1) (−1,5) ∪ (3,10)

2) (2,10) ∩ (1,9)
3) [5,10] ∩ (0, ∞)
4) (−∞, 0) ∪ (−1,5)

5) (−3,7] ∪ [2, 10)

6) (−∞, 2] ∩ [0, ∞]
Answer:

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Practice Exercise

Part A

4
Which elements of the set {−7, −√3, −0,15, 1, 0, 2𝑒, , 3𝜋, sin 30°} are:
3

1. Natural numbers
2. Whole numbers
3. Integers
4. Rational numbers
5. Irrational numbers
6. Prime numbers
7. Real numbers

Write the interval notation for the interval of real numbers shown below.

8. 9.
3 10 30

10. 11.
-2 3 1

For question 12 to 17, write each union or intersection as a single interval

12. (−1,5) ∪ (3,10)

13. (2,10) ∩ (1,9)

14. [5,10] ∩ (0, ∞)

15. (−∞, 0) ∪ (−1,5)

16. (−3,7] ∪ [2, 10)

17. (−∞, 2] ∩ [0, ∞]

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Part B

1. Which of the following element set shows whole numbers?

A. {0,1,2,3,4, … }
B. {… , −3, −2, −1,0,1,2,3, … }
C. {1,2,3,4,5, … }
D. {… , −2, −1,0,1,2, … }

2. set represents any integers.

A. {−1,0,2,2√3}
B. {2𝑒, 3𝜋, √7, −√11}
C. {−√7, √11, 𝜋, 5}
D. {−1,0,1,2,3}

3. set represents any irrational numbers.

A. {−1,0,2,2√3}
B. {2𝑒, 3𝜋, √7, −√11}
C. {−√7, √11, 𝜋, 5}
D. {−1,0,1,2,3}

4. Single interval obtained by this union (−1,5) ∪ (3,9) is

A. ( -1,3)
B. (3,5)
C. (5,9)
D. (- 1,9)

5. Which of the following element set does show any prime numbers?
A. {0,1,2,3,4,5}
B. {3,5,7,11,13}
C. {1,3,5,7}
D. {2,3,5,9,7}

6. Which of the following element set does show any natural numbers?
A. {0,1,2,3,4,5}
B. {3,5,7,11,13}
C. {−1,3,5,7}
D. {2,3, −5,9,7}

7. Which of the following element set does show any rational numbers?
A. {−1,0,2,2√3}
B. {2𝑒, 3𝜋, √7, −√11}
C. {−√7, √11, 𝜋, 5}
D. {−1,0,1,2,3}

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 8. Single interval obtained by this intersection (−2,5] ∩ (−3,9) is .
A. (-2,9]
B. (-2,9)
C. (-2,5]
D. (-3,5]

9. Single interval obtained by this union (−∞, 4] ∪ (−1,7) is .

A. (-∞,7)
B. (-1,4]
C. ( -7, ∞]
D. (4, -1)

10. Single interval obtained by this intersection (−∞, 4] ∩ (−1,7) is .

A. (-∞,7)
B. (-1,4]
C. ( -7, ∞]
D. (4, -1)

5
11. Which elements of the set {−10, −√2, −0.15, 2, 0, 4𝑒, , 2𝜋, cos 00 } are:
3
i. natural numbers
ii. whole numbers
iii. integers
iv. rational numbers
v. irrational numbers

12. By drawing real number line, write each of these union or intersection as a single
interval:
i. (1,7) ∪ (2,9)
ii. (−3,3) ∩ (0, ∞)
iii. [−5,2) ∩ (0, ∞)
iv. [−6,3) ∪ (0, ∞)
v. (2,7) ∩ (4,10)

Answer:

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