NCM 101 HEALTH ASSESSMENT RLE

3rd Quarter 2nd Semester School Year 2020-2021

TOPIC: DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES, TASKS
AND LIFE EVENTS

ALAN ELMER G. CELESIOS, RN, MN, MAN

LEARNING OUTCOMES
1. Describe the following developmental theories: Freud
(psychosexual), Erickson (psychosocial), Piaget (cognitive),
and Kohlberg (moral).
2. Conduct an accurate history reflecting their psychosocial,
cognitive and moral development.
3. Assess psychosocial, cognitive and moral developments on
clients based on subjective and objective data finding.
4. Describe findings frequently seen when assessing the
older client’s psychosocial, cognitive and moral
development
DEVELOPMENTAL THEORIES

Sigmund Freud ’s Psychosexual Theory

❖ argues that human behavior is the result of the interactions

among three component parts of the mind: the id, ego, and
superego.
Erik Erikson Stages of Psychosocial Development

❖ Erikson maintained that personality develops in a

predetermined order through eight stages of
psychosocial development, from infancy to adulthood.
Stage Psychosocial Crisis Basic Virtue Age
1 Trust vs. Mistrust Hope 0 - 1½
2 Autonomy vs. Will 1½ - 3
Shame
3 Initiative vs. Guilt Purpose 3-5
4 Industry vs. Competency 5 - 12
Inferiority
5 Identity vs. Role Fidelity 12 - 18
Confusion
6 Intimacy vs. Love 18 - 40
Isolation
7 Generativity vs. Care 40 - 65
Stagnation
8 Ego Integrity vs. Wisdom 65+
Despair
Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development

❖suggests that children move through four different stages of

mental development.
❖Piaget's stages are:
✓ Sensorimotor stage: birth to 2 years
✓ Preoperational stage: ages 2 to 7
✓ Concrete operational stage: ages 7 to 11
✓ Formal operational stage: ages 12 and up
Kohlberg’s Moral Development theory

❖ proposes that there are three levels of moral development,

with each level split into two stages.
❖ Kohlberg suggested that people move through these stages
in a fixed order, and that moral understanding is linked
to cognitive development. The three levels of moral
reasoning include preconventional, conventional, and
postconventional.
Reference:

Health Assessment in Nursing 6th Edition

Janet R. Weber and Jane H. Kelley