FACILITATING LEARNER-

CENTERED TEACHING

Group 2
ATTRIBUTION THEORY

Your attempt at
Inferences that you
understanding your
make regarding
experiences,
what caused an
behaviors and the
event or behavior 
behavior of others
OPERANT CONDITIONING
OPERANT CONDITIONING
 (Instrumental Conditioning)

•  a method of learning that uses rewards

and punishment to modify behaviour.
 REINFORCEMENT
Main
Components in  
Operant
Conditioning PUNISHMENT
 SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY 

 is a theory of learning process social behavior which proposes

that new behaviors can be acquired by observing and imitating
others. 

e.g.:​
•The New Employee​
•Cooking Shows​
 Observational Learning  Reciprocal Determinism 
THE
4 STAGES OF

SOCIAL
LEARNING
Self-Regulation  Self-Efficacy
THEORY
ASSOCIATIVE LEARNING 

•  is a method or process wherein the learner associates a

certain response to an object or a stimulus resulting in a
positive or negative outcome. It links ideas to
continually reinforce one another.
Erik Erikson's Stages of
Psychosocial Development
 A psychoanalyst Erik Erikson - was a
German-American developmental
psychologist and psychoanalyst best
known for his theory of psychosocial
development. He was born in
Frankfurt, Germany in 1902 and died
in 1994. He is best known for his theory
of eight stages of psychosocial
development, which he proposed in his
book Childhood and Society.
 Trust Vs. Mistrust,
Autonomy Vs. Shame & Doubt, 
Erikson's Eight
Stages of Initiative Vs. Guilt
Psychosocial Industry Vs. Inferiority
Development
are: Identity Vs. Role Confusion
Intimacy Vs. Isolation
Generativity Vs. Stagnation 
Integrity Vs. Despair
 • This stage begins at birth
1. Trust vs. Mistrust (Infancy
continues to approximately 18
stage)Hope 0 - 1½ months of age. During this
stage, the infant is uncertain
about the world in which they
live, and looks towards their
primary caregiver for stability
and consistency of care.
 2. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Will 1½ - 3

• This stage occurs between the ages of 18 months to approximately 3 years.

According to Erikson, children at this stage are focused on developing a sense of
personal control over physical skills and a sense of independence.
 3. Initiative vs. Guilt
Purpose 3-5

• children assert themselves more frequently through directing

play and other social interaction.
4. Industry vs. Inferiority
Competency 5 - 12
 5. Identity vs. Role Confusion
Fidelity 12 - 18
 During this stage,
adolescents search for a
sense of self and personal
identity, through an
intense exploration of
personal values, beliefs,
and goals.
 6. Intimacy vs. Isolation
Love 18 - 40
• the major conflict
centers on forming
intimate, loving
relationships with
other people
 7. Generativity vs. Stagnation
Care 40 - 65
• Psychologically, Generativity refers
to "making your mark" on the
world through creating or
nurturing things that will outlast an
individual. During middle age
individuals experience a need to
create or nurture things that will
outlast them, often having mentees
or creating positive changes that
will benefit other people.
 8. Integrity vs. Despair
Wisdom 65+

• It is during this time that

we contemplate our
accomplishments and
can develop integrity if
we see ourselves as
leading a successful life.