CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Rationale and Background of the Study

Plants are essential to the survival of the planet and all living things. Humans and

animals would have less fresh air to breathe if plants did not exist. We still rely on plants,

despite living in a highly industrialized society.

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), also known as "Kamatis" in the Philippines, is a

savory, typically red, edible plant fruit. Tomato fruit is eaten raw as an ingredient in many

dishes and sauces, and beverages. While technically a fruit, it is considered a vegetable in

the culinary world, which has caused some confusion. Tomatoes contain high levels of

vitamins A and C. It also has a significant amount of fiber, beta-carotene, iron, lycopene,

magnesium, niacin, potassium, phosphorus, riboflavin, and thiamine. Tomatoes are one of

the most important vegetable crops in the Philippines. It is grown in almost every

community across the country for both personal and commercial use.

Fertilizer is any organic or inorganic material, natural or synthetic, that is added to

soil to supply one or more plant nutrients necessary for plant growth. Fertilizers are plant

protein supplements. They are only used to treat deficiencies. Excessive use of various

types of fertilizers also kills the naturally present ingredients in soil. As a result, they

must be used with caution and only when necessary.

Dry leaves have fallen from trees every day, resulting in a large amount of leaf

waste. Dry leaves are naturally degraded by microorganisms into compost, an organic
 2

fertilizer that can be used safely for soil amendment. Dry leaves are an excellent

ingredient in good compost, which is superior to chemical fertilizer. Compost nourishes

plants, retains moisture in the soil, aids in fertilizer distribution, facilitates weeding,

attracts worms, and aids in disease prevention. Composting refers to the process of

converting organic waste into compost. This process has several advantages, including

lower disposal costs and reduced pollution (Inyim, 2019). Composting contains many

essential nutrients for plant growth and is thus widely used as a fertilizer. It also improves

soil structure, allowing it to retain the proper amount of moisture, nutrients, and air.

Soil is made up of weathered minerals, organic matter, living organisms, and pore

spaces. However, the soil lacks the necessary nutrients for plant growth. Farmers use

fertilizers because they contain plant nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and

potassium, which are essential for plant growth (Aaron DeJoia, 2015). Soils rarely have

enough nutrients for crops to reach their absolute potential yield. Understanding the

nutrient variability and release pattern of organic fertilizers is critical for providing plants

with enough nutrients to achieve maximum productivity while also rebuilding soil

fertility and protecting environmental and natural resources (Ahmad et al., 2015).

Toxic chemicals that are very dangerous will accumulate in the human body as a

result of chemically produced plants. The harmful effects of these synthetic chemicals on

human health and the environment can only be reduced or eliminated by implementing

new agricultural technological practices that improve fertilizer application efficiency and

use efficiency. Organic farming will help preserve the natural environment and

ecosystems for current and future generations (Kumar et al., 2019).

 3

This study was conducted to broaden my knowledge of growing tomatoes using

soil enhancers to improve soil quality. This experiment taught me how to improve

production while also being environmentally responsible.

Thus, this study was conducted to determine: (1) If compost guava and santol

leaves are effective as soil enhancers for tomato plant; (2) if compost guava and santol

leaves as soil enhancers has significant difference in the growth of tomato plant in terms

of their height and number of leaves.

Significance of the Study

In addition to local studies about composting and soil enhancers, this study will be

conducted to find out if compost guava and santol leaves are effective as soil enhancer in

tomato plant. The results of this study will provide information to people who are in

farming industry and person who owns a shop selling crops like fruit and vegetables.

Furthermore, this study will be conducted to reduce the impact of yard waste like dried

leaves. Lastly, this study will also benefit to the future researchers who are willing to

improve this study and search for benefits on affordable and available resources.

Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to determine the effect of compost guava and santol leaves in

the growth of tomatoes. Specifically, this study sought to answer the following:

1. If compost guava and santol leaves are effective as soil enhancers for tomato

plant?
 4

2. If compost guava and santol leaves as soil enhancers have significant difference in

the growth of tomato plant in terms of their height and number of leaves?

Hypotheses

1. The compost guava and santol leaves are not effective as soil enhancers for

tomatoes.

2. There is no significant difference between the compost guava and santol leaves as

soil enhancers in the growth of tomato plant in terms of their height and number

of leaves.

Conceptual Framework

This study considered Treatment A- 800g of compost Guava leaves+ 3000g

Soil, Treatment B- 800g of compost Santol leaves +3000 g Soil, Treatment C- 900g of

compost Guava and Santol leaves + 2000g Soil, and Treatment D- Positive Control (5

balls of Urea 45 Fertilizer) as independent variable. And the growth of tomatoes as

dependent variable.
 5

Independent Variables Dependent Variables

Treatments

Treatment A- 800g of compost

Guava leaves+ 3000g Soil
Treatment B- 800g of compost
Santol leaves +3000 g Soil Growth of the tomatoes in

Treatment C- 900g of compost Mixing with terms of their height and

Guava and Santol leaves + Soil and Actual
Planting number of leaves.
2000g Soil
Treatment D- Positive Control
(5 balls of Urea 45 Fertilizer)

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework of the Study

Definition of Terms

Decomposition. The process or act of breaking down an organic material or

substance into smaller c onstituent parts, especially by the action of decomposers

(Biology Online, 2021).

Guava Plant. A small tropical tree or shrub of the family Myrtaceae, cultivated

for its edible fruits. The plant possesses oval or elliptical leaves which are smooth on the

upper surface and hairy on the lower surface (Project Noah, 2014).
 6

Growth. In a person, animal, or plant is the process of increasing in physical size

and development (Arciga, 2017)

NPK. Stands for “nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium,” the three nutrients that

compose complete fertilizers. You may encounter these letters when reading the contents

printed on bags of fertilizer (Cutter Edge Pro, 2022).

Organic Fertilizer. It contains plant- or animal-based materials that are either a

byproduct or end product of naturally occurring processes, such as animal manure and

composted organic materials (Fruit Crop, 2020).

Santol. A large, ornamental evergreen tree with a dense, narrowly oval crown; it

usually grows around 25 meters tall but with some specimens up to 50 meters. The tree

yields an edible fruit that is popular in parts of the tropics. It also has a wide range of

traditional medicinal uses and produces a useful timber. It is often cultivated in tropical

areas, especially for its edible fruit and as an ornamental in parks, along roads etc (Useful

Topical Plants, 2014).

Scope and Limitations of the Study

This study is only limited with the knowledge of finding out the effectiveness of

compost guava and santol leaves as soil enhancers in tomato plant. The results of the

experiment will also be limited due to the pandemic. The study will be conducted at Pob.

Tabuc, Panay, Capiz on January to March 2022.

 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Local

Organic farming is becoming popular in Cagayan Valley. The organic fertilizers

known and used by farmers are limited to organic compost, vermi-based, animal manure,

bio-organic, plant by-products, and bat guano. The study aims to assess the demographic

and farm profile of farmers; their level of awareness to the environment, health and

nutrition and economic benefits; their awareness status as compared to their level of

adoption; problems and constraints that affect the use of organic fertilizer The DA

technicians are the main source of information for the environment and economic benefits

of organic farming while the health workers, television and radio for the health and

nutrition benefits. Slow effect of organic fertilizer is the pressing problem encountered

while lack of skills and technical know-how in preparing organic fertilizers is the top

constraint (Benabisea et al., 2012).

The use of organic mulching in growing crops is one of the safest, least

expensive, more practical, yet equally profitable methods of enhancing the soil condition.

This project aimed to provide a natural and effective way of enriching soil. It also aimed

to determine the performance of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) plant as affected

by organic mulching. Dried papaya and banana leaves as organic mulches were

tested and compared. Shredded papaya and banana leaves were applied separately

on the soil in the pots planted with tomato in four replicates. Ten days after
 10

transplanting, the plant’s initial caudex was measured and it was found out that there was

no significant difference among the setups on this parameter. After the determined

mulch application, the researchers measured the height increases and final caudex

of tomato plants. Data showed no significant differences among the setups based

on ANOVA result. However, study showed positive effects because papaya mulch

promoted the tomato plant’s height and final caudex and it was recorded to be the best

mulch (Nisnisan, 2014).

Foreign

Organic manure has a role in improving the soil chemical as well as physical

properties of soil. The role of bio-fertilizers containing symbiotic or non-symbiotic

nitrogen-fixing bacteria in augmenting vegetative growth characters, yield and yield

components, essential oil productivity and or chemical composition (including

chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids and or N, P and K leaf percent and content (Dirk and

Belete, 2017).

Continuous usage of inorganic fertilizer affects soil structure. Hence, animal and

plant manures, compost and vermin compost can serve as alternative to mineral fertilizers

for improving soil structure and microbial biomass. Bio fertilizers such as plant growth

promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) and mycorrhiza are microbial inoculants consisting of

living cells of micro-organism like bacteria and fungi which may help in increasing crop

productivity. Organic fertilizers in comparison of the chemical fertilizers have lower

nutrient content and are slow release but they are as effective as chemical fertilizers over

longer periods of use (Sharafzadeh and Ordookhani, 2011).

 11

Daily falling tree leaves generate a large number of dry leaves that requires

a proper management. Among traditional waste disposal methods,

composting is considered more sustainable and eco-friendly for handling the leaf

waste. The final product of the process is an organic fertilizer (compost) which is very

useful to apply for soil amendment.

However, the composting of dry leaves has difficulties because a

degradation of the material is a time-consuming process. This paper proposed a

way to increase the rate of dry leaf degradation in a composting process. A survey

of literature to investigate major factors affecting composting process and experiments on

dry leaf composting in a small-size reactor made of discarded water bottles were

conducted. Operational conditions in the experiments were based on the most

recommended values including the C/N ratio of 25, the moisture of 60%, and the

particle size of 3.35-20 mm. From experimental results, the co-composting of dry

leaves and vegetable waste under the above conditions resulted in 31.2% reduction

of organic matter within three weeks. The final product of the composting contained a

C/N ratio of 14.3 indicating the maturity of the obtained compost. It was found that the

initial ratio of C/N in composting material played a key role among other factors. This

was evidently indicated by comparing degradation rates in terms of organic matter

reduction between the composting of dry leaves with the C/N ratio adjustment and

that without the C/N adjustment. The reduction of organic matter in the first case

was nearly two fold that of the second one within the same period (Inyim, 2019).
12
 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

Research Design

This experimental research was conducted using RCBD or Randomized Complete

Block Design. In this study, the treatments were assigned randomly. The study was

conducted in Pob. Tabuc, Panay, Capiz.

Materials and Tools

In this study, the materials and tools used were guava and santol leaves, soil,

tomato seeds, plastic pots, a ruler, shovel, scissors, and a weighing scale.

Table 1. The Materials used in the Study

Materials Quantity Unit

Guava Leaves 1,100 g/grams

Santol Leaves 1,100 g/grams

Soil 11 kg/kilograms

Tomato seeds 1 pk/pack

Plastic pots 10 pc/piece

Table 2. The Tools and Equipments used in the Study

Tools and Equipments Quantity Unit

Ruler 1 pc/piece

Shovel 1 pc/piece
 14

Scissors 1 pc/piece

Weighing Scale 1 pc/piece

General Procedure

Collection and Gathering of Materials and Tools

All the materials and tools needed in the experiment were collected and prepared

at the researcher’s house at Pob. Tabuc, Panay, Capiz.

Figure 2. Collection and Gathering of the materials and tools

Decomposition of leaves

The leaves that were collected were cut into smaller pieces, and were placed in a

separate plastic bag with a label. The leaves were top with nitrogen-rich items, like grass

clippings, food waste, or manure. The composition of the compost was alternated
 15

between leaves and a nitrogen product. When the bag was almost full, the contents of the

bag were sprinkled with water, shaken, and tightly sealed. It was stored in a shady spot

until the leaves rot down into a rich and crumbly mixture. The leaves rotted down for 6 to

12 months.

Figure 3. Decomposition of leaves

Plantation of Tomato seeds

The tomato seeds were planted in recycled containers before the experimentations

and then transplanted separately into plastic pots when they reached their proper height.
 16

Figure 4. Planting of the seedlings

Preparation of Treatments

Components of each treatment were weighed using the weighing scale. Treatment

A- 800g of Compost Guava leaves +3000 g Soil, Treatment B- 800 g of Compost Santol

leaves + 3000 g Soil, Treatment C- 900g of Compost G.S. leaves + 2000g Soil and

Treatment D- Positive Control (5 balls of Urea 45 Fertilizer).

Table 3. Components of each Treatment

Components

Treatments Guava Leaves Santol Leaves Urea 45 Soil

Fertilizer

A 800 g - - 3000 g

B - 800 g - 3000 g

C 300 g 300 g 2000 g

D - - 5 balls 3000 g
 17

Figure 5. Preparation of Treatments

Mixing the Treatments on the Soil

The treatments were mixed with soil. And each treatment were replicated three

times.

Figure 6. Mixing the Treatments in the Soil

Transplanting of the seedlings

After applying the treatments to the soil, the grown tomatoes are transplanted to

the pots containing the different treatments using a shovel.

 18

Figure 7. Transplanting of the seedlings

Observing and Gathering of Data

The experimentation was conducted for 3 weeks. Every week, the parameters

which are the height of the plant (in centimeters) and number of leaves were measured,

counted and recorded.

Figure 8. Observing and Gathering of Data

 19

Statistical Tools

The data gathered from the experiment were subjected to Mean, Standard

Deviation, and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) using the Statistical Package for the

Social Sciences (SPSS). The significant difference among treatment means was evaluated

using a p-value at a 5% level of significance.

 CHAPTER IV

RESULTS AND INTERPRETATIONS

Results

Table 4 shows the significant effect of compost guava and santol leaves on the

growth of tomato plant as soil enhancers in terms of the height of the plants. Treatment A

got the highest mean in terms of the height of the plants among all treatments, which

means treatment A was the most effective among all treatments, and treatment B got the

lowest mean which means treatment B was the least effective among all the treatments,

while the treatment D is the most consistent treatment as it was the lowest standard

deviation among all treatments based on the results in terms of the height of the plants.

Table 4. The Significant Effect of Compost Guava and Santol Leaves in the growth of
tomatoes as Soil enhancers in terms of the height of the plants.
Treatments R1 R2 R3 N Mean Std.
Deviation
 21

Treatment A (800g of Compost

39.00 43.00 37.00 3 39.67 3.06
Guava leaves+ 3000g Soil)

Treatment B (800g of Compost

Santol leaves + 3000 g Soil)
25.00 23.00 26.00 3 24.67 1.53

Treatment C (900g of Compost

Guava and Santol leaves + 2000
g Soil)
26.00 33.00 29.00 3 29.33 3.51
Treatment D (Positive Control (5
balls of Urea 45 Fertilizer)
32.00 32.00 32.00 3 32.00 .00
Total

12 31.42 6.05

50
45
40
35
30 Replicate 1
25
20 Replicate 2
15 Replicate 3
10
5
0
Treatment A Treatment B Treatment C Treatment D

Figure 9. The Significant Effect of Compost Guava and Santol Leaves in the growth of
tomatoes as Soil enhancers in terms of the height of the plants.

Table 5 shows the significant effect of compost guava and santol leaves on the

growth of tomato plant as soil enhancers in terms of the number of leaves. The treatment

D got the highest mean in terms of the number of leaves, which means treatment D was

the most effective among all treatments, and treatment B got the lowest mean, which
 22

means that treatment B was the least effective among all the treatments while the

treatment D is the most consistent treatment as it got the lowest standard deviation among

all treatments based on the results in terms of the number of leaves.

Table 5. The Significant Effect of Compost Guava and Santol Leaves in the growth of
tomatoes as Soil enhancers in terms of number of leaves.

Treatments R1 R2 R3 N Mean Std.

Deviation

Treatment A (800g of Compost

33.00 36.00 32.00 3 33.67 2.08
Guava leaves+ 3000g Soil)
Treatment B (800g of Compost
Santol leaves + 3000 g Soil)
Treatment C (900g of Compost 20.00 22.00 24.00 3 22.00 2.00
Guava and Santol leaves + 2000 2.08
29.00 33.00 30.00 3 30.67
g Soil)

Treatment D (Positive Control (5

37.00 37.00 37.00 3 37.00 .00
balls of Urea 45 Fertilizer)

Total
12 30.83 6.01

40
35
30
25
20 Replicate 1
15 Replicate 2
10 Replicate 3
5
0
Treatment A Treatment B Treatment C Treatment D

Figure 10. The Significant Effect of Compost Guava and Santol Leaves in the growth of
tomatoes as Soil enhancers in terms of number of leaves.
Analysis of Variance

Table 6 shows the one-way analysis of the variance of the height of the plant per

treatment. The computed p-value is less than the 0.05 level of significance, with three (3)
 23

and eight (8) as degrees of freedom. Thus, the null hypothesis is rejected. It signifies that

there were significant differences between the compost guava and santol leaves as soil

enhancers in the growth of tomato plant in terms of their height.

Table 6. One-way Analysis of the Variance of the height of plant per treatment.
Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F Sig.

Between Groups 354.92 3 118.31 19.72 .00

Within Groups 48.00 8 6.00

Total 402.92 11

Table 7 shows the one-way analysis of the variance of the number of leaves per

treatment. The computed p-value is less than the 0.05 level of significance, with three (3)

and eight (8) as degrees of freedom. Thus, the null hypothesis is rejected. It signifies that

there were significant differences between the compost guava and santol leaves as soil

enhancers in the growth of tomato plant in terms of the number of leaves.

Table 7. One-way Analysis of the Variance of the number of leaves per

treatment.
Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F Sig.

Between Groups 372.33 3 124.11 39.19 .00

Within Groups 25.33 8 3.17

Total 397.67 11
 CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary and Findings

Plants are essential for the planet and all living things. Without plants, humans

and animals would have less fresh air to breathe. Despite living in a highly industrialized

society, we still rely on plants. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), also known as

"Kamatis" in the Philippines, is a savory, typically red, edible fruit that grows on a plant.

Tomato fruit is consumed in a variety of ways, including raw, as an ingredient in many

dishes and sauces, and in beverages. While it is botanically a fruit, it is regarded as a

vegetable in the culinary world, which has caused some confusion. Tomatoes are an

excellent source of vitamins A and C. It also has a lot of fiber, beta-carotene, iron,

lycopene, magnesium, niacin, potassium, phosphorus, riboflavin, and thiamine. Tomatoes

have low levels of saturated fat, cholesterol, and sodium. Moreover, unlike most foods,

tomato cooking or processing (e.g., tomato paste, catsup, tomato soup, tomato sauce) is

beneficial to health. Tomatoes are one of the Philippines' most important vegetable crops.

It is grown in almost every community in the country for both home and market use.

Vegetable crops require the most nutrients when they are first established, as well as

during flowering and fruiting. And tomato plants produce fruit so they require moderate

to generous amounts of fertilizer.

Fertilizer is any organic or inorganic material of natural or synthetic origin that is

added to soil to supply one or more plant nutrients essential to the growth of plants.

Fertilizers are protein supplements for plants. They are used strictly as a deficiency-
 26

buster. Inordinate use of different types of fertilizers kills the naturally present ingredients

in soil too. So, it is important to use them carefully and only as per need.

Every day, dry leaves have fallen from trees, resulting in a large amount of leaf

waste. Burning and land filling are two traditional methods for disposing of leaf waste.

Both methods have several disadvantages. Several toxic compounds are produced during

the combustion process, causing air pollution problems. Land filling a large amount of

leaf waste raises transportation costs and necessitates more landfill space. Naturally, dry

leaves can be degraded by microorganisms into an organic fertilizer, called compost,

which can be used safely for soil amendment. Dry leaves are good ingredient in a good

compost, which is better than chemical fertilizer. Compost nourishes plants, preserves

moisture in the soil, helps spread fertilizer, facilitates weeding, attracts worms and helps

prevent diseases. The process of transforming organic wastes into compost is referred to

as composting. This process has several benefits such as the reduction of disposal costs,

the alleviation of pollutants (Inyim, 2019).

This study aimed to determine the effect of compost guava and santol leaves in

the growth of tomatoes. Specifically, this study sought to answer the following: (1) If

compost guava and santol leaves are effective as soil enhancers for tomato plant? (2) If

compost guava and santol leaves as soil enhancers has significant difference in the

growth of tomato plant in terms of their height and number of leaves?

Guava and Santol leaves were collected at Pob. Tabuc, Panay, Capiz. The leaves

that were collected were cut into small pieces, and were placed in a separate plastic bag

with a label. The leaves were top with nitrogen-rich items, like grass clippings, food
 27

waste, or manure. The composition of the compost was alternated between leaves and a

nitrogen product. When the bag was almost full, the contents of the bag were sprinkled

with water, shaken, and tightly sealed. It was stored in a shady spot until the leaves rot

down into a rich and crumbly mixture. The leaves rotted down for 6 to 12 months. Four

(4) treatments were prepared for the compost guava and santol leaves and each treatment

was replicated three (3) times. The experimentation was conducted for 3 weeks. Every

week, the parameters which are the height of the plant (in centimeters) and number of

leaves were measured, counted and recorded.

Results revealed that there was significant difference between the compost guava

and santol leaves as soil enhancers in the growth of tomato plant in terms of their height

and number of leaves. The null hypothesis was rejected and the p-values were less than

0.05 level of significance.

Conclusion

1. The compost guava and santol leaves are effective as soil enhancers for tomatoes.

2. There was significant difference between the compost guava and santol leaves as

soil enhancers in the growth of tomato plant in terms of their height and number

of leaves.

Recommendations

Based on the findings and conclusions, the following recommendations are given:

1. Further study about compost guava and santol leaves as soil enhancer in tomato

plant.

2. Increase the amount of soil enhancers.

 28

3. Use of different kind of soil enhancers.

 REFERENCES

Book

Ahmad, A., Radovich, T., Nguyen, H., Uyeda, J., Arakaki, A., Cadby, J., Paull, R.,

Sugano, J., & Teves, G. (2016). Use of Organic Fertilizers to Enhance

Soil Fertility, Plant Growth, and Yield in a Tropical Environment. IntechOpen.

Retrieved from https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/50720.

Arciga J. (2017). The Effect of Dried M. A. C. leaves in the Growth of Eggplants

(Solanum melongena) as Soil Enhancers.

Journal Article

Benabisea, M. et al., Assessment of organic fertilizer use in Cagayan Valley

[Philippines] [2012]. (2014). Philippine Journal of Crop Science (Philippines),

37(supplement1), 55–56. Retrieved from

https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=PH2013000798.

Dirk W. and Belete K. (2017). Review on the Effect of Organic fertilizers, Biofertilizers

and Inorganic Fertilizers (NPK) on Growth and Flower Yield of Marigold

(Targets' erecta L.). Retrieved from

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317348734_Review_on_the_Effect_of_

Organic_fertilizers_Biofertilizers_and_Inorganic_Fertilizers_NPK_on_Growth_a

nd_Flower_Yield_of_Marigold_Targets'_erecta_L

Website
 30

Bartley Research. (2020). Feasibility Study on Organic Fertilizer. Retrieved from

https://www.bartleby.com/essay/Feasibility-Study-on-Organic-Fertilizer-

FK3ULYSXHKGEZ

Decomposition. (2021, February 27). Biology Online. Retrieved March 6, 2022, from

https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/decomposition

Dead leaves: A useful natural resource. (n.d.). CAA-Quebec. Retrieved 2022, from

https://www.caaquebec.com/en/at-home/advice/tips-and-tricks/tip-and-trick/

show/sujet/dead-leaves-a-useful-natural-resource/

English, J. (2012). Let Leaves Feed Your Soil. Maine Organic Farmers and Gardeners.

Retrieved 2022, from https://www.mofga.org/resources/lawncare/let-leaves-feed-

your-soil/

Everything You Need To Know About The Ideal Fertilizer For Your Property

Landscape. (n.d.). Cutter Edge Pro. Retrieved March 6, 2022, from

https://cuttersedgepro.com/ideal-fertilizer-for-your-property/

Flannery, R., & Flower, F. Using Leaf Compost. (n.d.). Retrieved from

https://www.nj.gov/dep/dwq/pdf/rutgers_leaf.pdf

Guava Tree. (2014, December 19). Project Noah. Retrieved March 6, 2022, from

https://www.projectnoah.org/spottings/1150266010

Inyim, N. (2019). A Study on Dry Leaf Composting in Reused Small-Size Bottle.

Journal of Advanced Agricultural Technologies, 6, 38–39. Retrieved from

http://www.joaat.com/uploadfile/2019/0329/20190329040204711.pdf

Kumar, R., Prakash, O., Kumar, R., & Chandini. (2019). The Impact of Chemical

Fertilizers on our Environment and Ecosystem (2nd ed.). ResearchGate. Retrieved

 31

from

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331132826_The_Impact_of_Chemical_

Fertilizers_on_our_Environment_and_Ecosystem

Nisnisan, B. (2014, March). Performance of Tomato Plant (Lycopersicon esculentum)

As Affected By Organic Mulching. Retrieved from https://www.dlsu.edu.ph/wp-

content/uploads/pdf/conferences/research-congress-proceedings/2014/SEE/SEE-

IV-033-FT.pdf

Sandoricum koetjape. (2014). Useful Tropical Plants. Retrieved March 6, 2022, from

http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Sandoricum+koetjape

Sharafzadeh, S., & Ordookhani, K. (2011). Organic and Bio Fertilizers as a Good

Substitute for Inorganic Fertilizers in Medicinal Plants Farming. Australian

Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 1330–1333.Retrieved from

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kourosh-Ordookhani/publication/

258567303_Organic_and_Bio_Fertilizers_as_a_Good_Substitute_for_Inorganic_

Fertilizers_in_Medicinal_Plants_Farming/links/57db34a608ae4e6f18439771/

Organic-and-Bio-Fertilizers-as-a-Good-Substitute-for-Inorganic-Fertilizers-in-

Medicinal-Plants-Farming.pdf

Silva, G. (2018, May 8). What organic fertilizers mean to plants and soil. Michigan State

University Extension. Retrieved 2022, from

https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/what_organic_fertilizers_mean_to_plants_and_s

oil
 32

Study mode. (2020). Feasibility Study on Organic Fertilizer. Retrieved from

https://www.studymode.com/essays/Feasibility-Study-On-Organic-Fertilizer-

842486.html

What is the difference between fertilizer derived from organic and synthetic sources?

(n.d.). Milorganite. Retrieved 2022, from https://www.milorganite.com/lawn-

care/organic-lawn-care/organic-vs-synthetic

Why do plants need fertilizers? (2018, June 5). Yara. Retrieved 2022, from

https://www.yara.com/knowledge-grows/why-do-plants-need-fertilizers/
 Appendix A

Statistical Analysis

Replicates Treatments
 34

A B C D

1 19 13 16 20

2 20 14 17 -

3 17 14 19 -

Total 56 41 52 20

Mean 18.67 13.67 17.33 20

Table 1. Data collected in the first week of the experimentation in terms of measurement
of the height of the tomatoes in centimeters (February 28, 2022).

Replicates Treatments

A B C D

1 22 11 20 22

2 25 14 21 -

3 21 12 22 -

Total 68 37 63 21

Mean 22.67 12.33 21 21

Table 1.2. Data collected in the first week of the experiment in terms of number of leaves
of the tomatoes (February 28, 2022).

Replicates Treatments

A B C D

1 28 19 22 25

2 29 21 24 -
 35

3 27 20 22 -

Total 84 60 68 25

Mean 28 20 22.67 25

Table 1.3. Data collected in the second week of the experimentation in terms of
measurement of the height of the tomatoes in centimeters (March 07, 2022).

Replicates Treatments

A B C D

1 27 15 25 35

2 30 17 26 -

3 28 17 25 -

Total 85 49 76 35

Mean 28.33 16.33 25.33 35

Table 1.4. Data collected in the second week of the experiment in terms of number of
leaves of the tomatoes (March 07, 2022).

Replicates Treatments

A B C D

1 39 25 26 32

2 43 23 33 -

3 37 26 29 -

Total 119 74 88 32
 36

Mean 39.67 24.67 29.33 32

Table 1.5. Data collected in the third week of the experimentation in terms of
measurement of the height of the tomatoes in centimeters (March 14, 2022).

Replicates Treatments

A B C D

1 33 20 29 37

2 36 22 33

3 32 24 30

Total 101 66 92 37

Mean 33.67 22 30.67 37

Table 1.6. Data collected in the third week of the experiment in terms of number of
leaves of the tomatoes (March 14, 2022).
 Appendix B

Documentations
38
 39

COLEGIO DE LA PURISIMA CONCEPCION

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Roxas City
 40

CURRICULUMVITAE

PERSONAL DATA

Name: Kimberly B. Valsote

Date of Birth : December 17, 2003

Place of Birth: Panay, Capiz

Marital Status: Single

Citizenship: Filipino

Address: Poblacion Tabuc, Panay, Capiz

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

School Year Graduated

Elementary: Panay Central School 2016

Junior High: Colegio de la Purisima Concepcion 2020

Senior High: Colegio de la Purisima Concepcion 2022