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Mikroorganisme Tanah serta Pertumbuhan Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays L.) pada Tanah
Gambut Dataran Tinggi Toba
Application of Volcanic Ash and Soil Incubation Period on Chemical Properties and Soil
Microorganism Population and on Maize (Zea mays L.) Growth in Peat Soil at Toba Highland
ABSTRACT
Toba highland peat soil has limitations in terms of chemical and biological aspects, so
that to maximize its productivity, volcanic ash ameliorant is needed. This study aimed to determine
the influence of giving volcanic ash on several chemical and biological properties and on maize
(Zea mays L.) growth in peat soil at Toba highland. This research was conducted in the
greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, soil biology Laboratorium Research and Technology
Laboratory University of North Sumatra, and Socfin Indonesia Laboratory, Medan, North
Sumatra. This study used a factorial randomized block design (RAK) with 2 treatment factors and
4 replications. The first factor is volcanic ash with 2 levels, namely A0 (control) dan A1 (volcanic
ash 40 tons/ha). The second factor is incubation period with 3 levels, namely D0 (0 day), D1 (15
days) and D3 (30 days). Parameters measured were soil pH H2O, C-Organic, N-total, CEC
(Cation Exchange Capacity), Bases Saturation, C/N, plant height, stem diameter, plant dry weight
and soil microorganism populations.
The results showed that the application of volcanic ash did not significantly affect some of
the chemical properties and population of soil microorganisms and the growth of maize (Zea mays
L.) on peat soil of the Toba highlands. The application of volcanic ash 23.6 tons/ha can increase
the total N, Na-exchange, Mg-exchange, soil Ca-exchange, and plant height. Incubation duration
treatment significantly increased C-organic, N-total, Mg-exchanged, Ca-exchanged and C/N on
Toba highland peat soil. The interaction between the application of volcanic ash and incubation
time did not significantly increase some of the chemical properties and population of soil
microorganisms and the growth of maize (Zea mays L.) on peat soil of the Toba highlands.
Keywords : peat soil, Toba highland, volcanic ash, incubation period
ABSTRAK
Tanah gambut dataran tinggi Toba memiliki keterbatasan dari aspek kimia maupun aspek
biologi sehingga untuk memaksimalkan produktivitasnya perlu diberikan amelioran abu vulkanik.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respons pemberian abu vulkanik terhadap beberapa
sifat kimia dan sifat biologi serta pertumbuhan tanaman jagung (Zea mays L.) pada tanah gambut
dataran tinggi Toba. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di rumah kaca Fakultas Pertanian, Laboratorium
Biologi Tanah, Laboratorium Riset dan Teknologi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sumatera Utara
Medan, dan Laboratorium Socfin Indonesia Medan Sumatera Utara. Penelitian ini menggunakan
rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) faktorial dengan dengan 2 faktor perlakuan dan 4 ulangan.
Faktor pertama adalah faktor abu vulkanik dengan 2 taraf yaitu A0 (Kontrol) dan A1 (Abu
Vulkanik 40 ton/ha). Faktor kedua adalah lama waktu inkubasi dengan 3 taraf yaitu D0 (0 hari),
D1 (15 hari) dan D3 (30 hari). Parameter yang diukur adalah pH H2O tanah, C-organik, N-total,
Kapasitas Tukar Kation (KTK), Kejenuhan basa (KB), C/N tanah, tinggi tanaman, diameter
batang tanaman, bobot kering tanaman, dan populasi mikroorganisme tanah.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian abu vulkanik tidak berpengaruh nyata
terhadap beberapa sifat kimia dan populasi mikroorganisme tanah serta pertumbuhan tanaman
jagung (Zea mays L.) pada tanah gambut dataran tinggi Toba. Pemberian abu vulkanik 23,6 ton/ha
dapat meningkatkan N-total, Na-tukar, Mg-tukar, Ca-tukar tanah, dan tinggi tanaman. Perlakuan
lama inkubasi berpengaruh nyata meningkatkan C-organik, N-total, Mg-tukar, Ca-tukar dan C/N
pada tanah gambut dataran tinggi Toba. Interaksi antara pemberian debu vulkanik dan lama
inkubasi tidak berpengaruh nyata meningkatkan beberapa sifat kimia dan populasi
mikroorganisme tanah serta pertumbuhan tanaman jagung (Zea mays L.) pada tanah gambut
dataran tinggi Toba.
Kata Kunci : tanah gambut, dataran tinggi Toba, abu vulkanik, lama inkubasi