OLVAL02

ACTIVITIES CHAPTER 6 (DEONTOLOGY)

Directions: Do the following activities below. Read first the paragraph below then answers the
following questions.
1. Go online and look for news items on whistle-blowers. Identify the crime or unethical act
that they are exposing as well as the perpetrators of the crime. Detail your findings and
opinion below.
Around 4 pm of February 21, 2020, an article was published as the whistleblower of the
“Pastillas” Allison Chiong, an immigration officer was placed under Witness Protection Program
(WPP). The money-making scheme was dubbed as Pastillas as payoffs were rolled in a bond
paper which resembled a Philippine milk candy delicacy. This allowed an unhampered entry of
Chinese POGO workers in the country. Chiong said that current and former Bureau of
Immigration personnel were paid between 8,000 and 20,000 php by Chinese passengers to enter
the country without being screened or going through the proper immigration process. He further
said that it began in 2016, when the Department of Justice abolished overtime pay for all
immigration officials, and that it peaked around 2017, when there was a "huge rise" in Chinese
entering the Philippines. Cooperating immigration officials in Ninoy Aquino International
Airport Terminal 1 will be paid roughly Php 20,000 per week, while those in Terminal 3 would
be paid around Php 8,000 per week, according to Chiong. Chinese passengers who had records
that may have prevented them from entering the country paid Php 200,000. According to
Chiong, the "lucrative actions" were taken over by former BI-Travel Control Enforcement Unit
(TCEU) officials Bien Guevarra, Glenn Comia, and Den Binsol, who were all under Red Marias,
former chief of the BI Ports Operation Division. According to him, Guevarra, Comia, and Binsol
were relieved of their former duties in the middle of 2019, but they still oversee the syndicate
group. Marias, on the other hand, was appointed as an assistant commissioner to the Bureau of
Investigation before leaving to run for mayor of Muntinlupa City. Soon after, the BI's "other
syndicated organizations" joined in on the money-making scheme and began delivering their
own list of Chinese visitors who wanted to take advantage of the fee-free access.
Many are tempted to get easy money, especially if you have the means to do so. In the Pastillas
case, the officials have nothing heavy to do, they just offer “easy” and “hassle free” entry for
some quick cash which can be offset once the Chinese traveler started operating in the
Philippines. Since there are also no screening or interrogations everyone had access to the
Philippines, even those who have bad records. These acts brought dangers to the Filipino citizens
just so the BI officers can fatten their pockets.
2. Reconcile these two topics: our discussion of autonomy and the duty to “speaking truth
to power.” Suppose you are already working for a company and your boss tells you that
you should offer a bribe to a government agent to obtain permit to build and operate a
factory in a province. What would you do? What are your alternatives if you believe that it
is wrong to bribe government agencies?
I will not obey my boss; instead, I will work smartly and find a way to obtain the permits
required to build and operate a factory in a province; however, if there are requirements or
standards that the company cannot meet, making obtaining the permit impossible, I will simply
look for new employment. I will also report it to Human Resources for assigning me such a task,
and if he/she threatens me or my family as a result of the report I filed with the company's HR
department, I'll take it to the police station so that they can deal with it, and my boss will see that
there are people who do not succumb to evil deeds even when threatened. The employer relies on
me to perform the grunt job and be accountable so that he or she may retain denial.

3. Consider other topics in the field of business ethics. Select one and give a presentation of
the significance of discussing this topic.
Ethical behavior not only improves profitability but also fosters business relations and
employee’s productivity. Business ethics is concerned with the behavior of businessman in
doing a business. Unethical practices create problems to businessman and business
units. for your presentation:
What is Business Ethics?
The erstwhile-regulated economies necessitated their governments to regulate and
control business organizations and economic institutions through law and government
mechanisms to enable them to play their role in contributing to the growth and wellbeing of their
stakeholders in a balanced way such that the interest of the almost all the people was protected.
Various business management concepts, principles, theories, practices, goals and strategies have
been under evaluation, revalidation and constant change consequent upon massive liberalization,
privatization and globalization of business initiated towards the end of the 20th Century and
geared up in the beginning of the present century.
Governments, which were hitherto discharging the responsibilities of safeguarding the
customers’ interest in respect of quality, price, safe and timely delivery of the product etc.,
protecting the companies from unhealthy competition, restricting the concentration of economic
power in the hands of a few which should be otherwise enjoyed by the majority of the population
and the like, relegated and shifted the responsibility on to the shoulders of the business
organizations, often simply by encouraging trade liberalization and privatization.

4. In what way does a rational will distinguish a human being from an animal insofar as the
animal is only sentient?
Man is thought to have descended directly from the animal kingdom through the same
evolutionary processes that caused animals to evolve. As a result, the differences between man
and animal are regarded as a difference in degree rather than a fundamental difference. Man has
only progressed to a higher level of development. A rational will is the capacity to act according
to principles that we determine for ourselves. A human being act based on their principles
wherein which the animal does not have. Human acts voluntary in character, that is, an act in
some way under the control or direction of the will, which is proper to man. A human being is
capable of great degrees of self-reflection, but few people achieve much of it, and many of the
most intellectually sophisticated achieve little at all. On the other hand, a chimp, our closest
genetic relative (we share 99 percent of our DNA), can be taught to do almost everything a
human can, albeit at a more primitive level. However, no chimp can self-reflect, that is, take the
mental and spiritual leap of stepping outside of himself and seeing himself from a different
angle. Another example that differentiates us human beings from animals is when we found
something that is not ours, like a huge amount of money, as a human who value principles, we
will return the money to the owner wherein an animal cannot do since they are not capable of
analyzing situations. They can only feel and act what we taught to them, but they cannot think
what to do during certain situations.

5. What is the difference between autonomy and heteronomy? What does autonomy have
to do with free will in contrast to animal impulse?
Morality is founded on the individual self, according to the autonomy perspective. It all comes
down to the individual's choice, according to this theory. What is morally correct and what is
not? What, more importantly, does that morality imply? Society can tell you whether something
is right or wrong, but ultimately, the decision to accept or reject it is yours. For example, the law
states that you must not steal. There is a moral standard, but you must choose not to steal. This
means that the most fundamental aspect of morality is the individual's action. This also implies
that people are accountable for their own actions. When you act, you decide about what is right.
The inverse of autonomy is heteronomy, which defines morals by a force outside of the
individual. This means that morality is defined for you rather than for you defining it. For
example, the law states that you must not steal. That is autonomy at work if you do not steal
because you believe it is wrong. However, if the only reason you do not steal is because you are
afraid of being caught, you are under the influence of an external force, or heteronomy. Now,
that is not a perfect example because autonomous societies do have laws, if people understand
that the laws are created, not universal, and that they have a say in what those laws are. The laws
governing heteronymous societies are more- beyond society's ability to control. Ancestors,
tradition, and national identity are just a few examples. These are diverse forces that some regard
as immoral because they do not respect individual choice. Others see them as necessary for
moral systems to feel permanent, preventing people from disobeying them.
6. How does the method called universalizability work? What are the steps to test if an
action is rationally permissible?
Autonomy is related to free will in such a way that it exploits the capacity of the individual to be
reasonable. In the other hand, without the opportunity to determine, animal momentum is a
normal impulse of animals. It is natural, and intelligence has nothing to do with it.
Autonomy encourages the man to exercise his free will. Free will should include his freedom to
express objective views, to act with his critical mind, and to determine what he thinks is right or
wrong. Both autonomy and free will are important. In Day-to-day life. In certain cases, it gives
us our personality and shows how logical we can become. Animal momentum is also important
in their survival, just like autonomy. However, because, depending on their body systems, it is an
auto-reaction, it does not actually use the brain. They're not going to decide. They respond
simply according to their natural reflexes.

7. What is meant by enlightenment morality as opposed to paternalism? Why is deontology

a kind of enlightenment morality?
Morals must come not from power or custom, not from strict orders, but rather from reason. He
began not with torment and joy yet rather with the way that humanity's distinctive component is
our ownership of reason. Hence, it follows that all people have general sound obligations to each
other, focusing on their obligation to regard the other's mankind. To him all people must be
viewed as intrinsically deserving of regard and pride. He contended that all profound quality
must originate from such obligations: an obligation dependent on a deontological moral.
Outcomes, for example, agony or joy are unimportant.