SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

General Luna Road, Baguio City Philippines 2600

Telefax No.: (074) 442-3071 Website: www.ubaguio.edu E-mail Address: ub@ubaguio.edu

TITLE
 should be centered in inverted pyramid with 15 words maximum
 7 words maximum for first line and less than for second line
 Authors are listed in alphabetical order, italicized: School/Department
 Should preferably answer the following questions:
◦ What will be researched?
◦ How will the topic be researched?
◦ With whom – describes the research population and units of measurement?
◦ Where will the study be conducted/What context will the study be conducted

ABSTRACT

 Helps readers decide whether they want to read the rest of the paper, therefore enough
key information must be included to make the it useful
 Should be 250-300 words
 Elements:
1. The abstract has to start with a brief them sentence to orient the reader about
the over–all issue addressed in the article. It is the first three sentences which
have the summary of the problem.
2. The abstract should indicate the main aim or objective of the study
3. The abstract should explain the significance of the study or the practical
importance of the study.
4. The methodology of the study should be briefly discussed.
5. The main findings of the study should be summarized.
6. A statement of conclusions should indicate the contribution made by the study
in filling gaps in the literature.

SEA IMRAD FORMAT: METHODS OF RESEARCH,

PROJECT STUDY, AND THESIS
 SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
General Luna Road, Baguio City Philippines 2600

Telefax No.: (074) 442-3071 Website: www.ubaguio.edu E-mail Address: ub@ubaguio.edu

7. The practical implications of the
study’s findings should be highlighted where appropriate.
8. The recommendations may be included only it is necessary to emphasize the
possible benefits or possible considerations for future studies
Keywords
 These are words that will help classify the study so that when researchers look for related
literatures, your paper may be classified accordingly
 Not more than 5 words
 Suggested list of keywords: Topic, sub-topics, Methods, Population, Locale

INTRODUCTION

 The introduction should be clear by identifying the subject area of interest.

 Should answer why there is a need of the study
 The broadest part at the top representing the most general information and focusing down
to the specific problem
 1500-3000 words
 Review of related literature is already included in the introduction
 Review of literature established the context by providing a brief balanced review
of the pertinent published literature that is available on the subject.
 Cite specific results that is relevant to the study.

Conceptual Framework
 What concepts can be addressed in the study which will serve as a guide in the conduct of
the study
 Emphasize problems or gaps in knowledge, what does the field still need to understand,
what’s been left out of previous research, or is this a new issue that needs some direction.

SEA IMRAD FORMAT: METHODS OF RESEARCH,

PROJECT STUDY, AND THESIS
 SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
General Luna Road, Baguio City Philippines 2600

Telefax No.: (074) 442-3071 Website: www.ubaguio.edu E-mail Address: ub@ubaguio.edu

 For the CE department (conceptual
framework/paradigm of the study)
 For the AR department (theoretical framework/paradigm of the study)

Significance of the Study

 Explain the rationale and approach and possible outcomes that the study can reveal with
focus on National-Regional-LGU agenda
 Address the following:
◦ What benefits can be derived from the study?
◦ How will the community of interest benefit from the study?
◦ What benefits that decision makers and policy makers can derive from the study?
◦ What benefit can you as the researcher derive from the study?

Objectives of the Study

 It is where the aim of the study (reason for conducting the study) and specific objectives
(how the study will be accomplished and standard tests/parameters needed) are placed.
 Specific objects should be measurable, can be compared with measurable standards.
 Can be presented in a bulleted list and should be phrased in the form:
◦ To determine…
◦ To investigate …
◦ To evaluate …
◦ To compare …

MATERIALS AND METHOD (METHODOLOGY)

 Design output and/or descriptive: METHODOLOGY
 Product output and experimental: MATERIALS AND METHOD
 It should be very clear, specific, detailed methods in arriving at the results of the study.
 The methods used should be valid and reliable
SEA IMRAD FORMAT: METHODS OF RESEARCH,
PROJECT STUDY, AND THESIS
 SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
General Luna Road, Baguio City Philippines 2600

Telefax No.: (074) 442-3071 Website: www.ubaguio.edu E-mail Address: ub@ubaguio.edu

 It should read as if it is verbally describing the
conduct of the study.
 Discuss how the study will be crafted
 500-1000 words

Study Design
 Explain how the variables in the study fits into the design (descriptive-status: design for
current situation, descriptive-expost facto: design with projection for future use, applied
descriptive: product output, experimental: comparison of materials)
 Applied descriptive and Experimental
◦ Describe the product output
◦ Use a model to accomplish the output (ex. prototype model and engineering
design process model)
◦ Discuss each step

Context and Locale of the Study

 The context of a research gives the audience the picture of "where", "who", "what" and
possibly "when" of the research. It then becomes easy for the reader to have a better
understanding of the background of the research. This in essence provides more
illumination into the research questions and others.
 Discuss where the study should be conducted
 It addresses the scope and delimitation of the study

Data Gathering Tool

 Indicate the considerations or steps undertaken to ensure validity and reliability of the
materials used
 Cite standards and applicable RA with specific sections as needed in the study
 Materials – discuss how the materials/components were used in the study
 Materials specifications will be placed at appendix

SEA IMRAD FORMAT: METHODS OF RESEARCH,

PROJECT STUDY, AND THESIS
 SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
General Luna Road, Baguio City Philippines 2600

Telefax No.: (074) 442-3071 Website: www.ubaguio.edu E-mail Address: ub@ubaguio.edu

Data Gathering Procedures

 In a paragraph form, describe or discuss the step-by-step procedure in conducting the
experiment (gathering the results)

 How will you conduct the interview, how long will the data gathering last

Treatment of Data
 Describe how the data were summarized and analyzed
 Discuss how to interpret the numerical entries to be used in gathering the data, will it be
compared to standards?

Ethical Considerations
 Discuss how to employ anonymity and voluntary participation of the informants
 Discuss how risk management measures or strategies for participants and researchers is
assured
 Enumerate protection protocols in doing the study
 Discuss how to disseminate the results to the beneficiaries

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

 Provide subheadings aligned to the objectives of the study
 Present discussions according to the sequence of the objectives
 Results may be presented in textual, graphical, tabular, textual and graphical, or textual
tabular
 Introduce the tables, graphs, figures with their specific topics
 Present also corroboration of results, the purpose of corroboration is to
help researchers increase their understanding of the probability that their findings will
be seen as credible or worthy of consideration by others

SEA IMRAD FORMAT: METHODS OF RESEARCH,

PROJECT STUDY, AND THESIS
 SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
General Luna Road, Baguio City Philippines 2600

Telefax No.: (074) 442-3071 Website: www.ubaguio.edu E-mail Address: ub@ubaguio.edu

 Provide at least three literature that will
corroborate/support the results (ex.2 support and 1 against, 3 against, 3 support, 1
support and two againt; the result of the study)
 This section should include the following: results, discussion (and interpretation),
corroboration, and implication of the research findings
 Maximum of 5 tables and 5 figures for data presentation of the research findings, other
tables and figures are placed at the appendix
 1500-3000 words

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

 Summarize the results and respond to the objectives of the study. Do not mention the
objectives
 Recommendations can be for the enhancement of the study, or how to endorse the study
to authorities for possible implementation
 250-500 words

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
 Acknowledge the people who did scientific contributions for the completion of the study

REFERENCES
 Follow the APA format for the cited literatures used in the study

APPENDIX
 Includes:
◦ Sample communication letters

SEA IMRAD FORMAT: METHODS OF RESEARCH,

PROJECT STUDY, AND THESIS
 SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
General Luna Road, Baguio City Philippines 2600

Telefax No.: (074) 442-3071 Website: www.ubaguio.edu E-mail Address: ub@ubaguio.edu

◦ Questionnaires
◦ Permits
◦ Consent forms
◦ Tables and figures in excess of the 5 in the results and discussion
◦ Gant chart (schedule of activities)
◦ CV of researchers

//FORMAT
 Time new roman font 12
 1.5 spacing
 Justified
 Margin: 1” all sides
 Section headings
◦ Main Section Headings: Each main section of the paper begins with a heading
which should be capitalized, emboldened, left justified, and double spaced from
the line above and below. Do not underline the section heading OR put a colon at
the end.
◦ Subheadings: Subheadings should be capitalized (first letter in each word), left
justified, and either bold italics OR underlined
 In-text citation: Author-date system
 Pagination: TOP of page, right side
 Recommended number of tables: 5, figures: 5
 Recommended number of pages: 15-25 excluding appendices

//PARTS OF THE RESEARCH PAPER

TITLE
Authors
ABSTRACT
Keywords:
SEA IMRAD FORMAT: METHODS OF RESEARCH,
PROJECT STUDY, AND THESIS
 SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
General Luna Road, Baguio City Philippines 2600

Telefax No.: (074) 442-3071 Website: www.ubaguio.edu E-mail Address: ub@ubaguio.edu

INTRODUCTION
Conceptual Framework
Significance of the Study
Objectives of the Study

MATERIALS AND METHOD

Study Design
Context and Locale of the Study
Data Gathering Tools
Data Gathering Procedures
Treatment of Data
Ethical Consideration

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

//sub-headings aligned to the objectives

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

REFERENCES (APA format)

SEA IMRAD FORMAT: METHODS OF RESEARCH,

PROJECT STUDY, AND THESIS
 SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
General Luna Road, Baguio City Philippines 2600

Telefax No.: (074) 442-3071 Website: www.ubaguio.edu E-mail Address: ub@ubaguio.edu

APPENDICES

SAMPLE TABLE

SAMPLE FIGURE

Figure 1. Motionless Bandwidth Test for MEMS Sensors

SEA IMRAD FORMAT: METHODS OF RESEARCH,

PROJECT STUDY, AND THESIS