DESIGN ANALYSIS OF PROPOSED STONE MASONRY EMBANKMENT PROTECTION - A

FOR AN EXPOSED HEIGHT, H = 1.50 m

DESIGN CODES & REFERENCES

a) 2007 AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges

b) 1987 National Structural Code of the Philippines, Vol. II (Bridges)
c) Rice, P.F., and Hoffman, E.S. (1979) Structural Design Guide to the ACI Building
Code, 2d. Ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold

DIMENSIONS:

Total Height of Stone Masonry Wall Hw = 3.00 m

Slope of wall ϴ = 20.00°
Width of Footing B = 1.50 m
Depth of Footing DF = 0.50 m
Width of Top Masonry (Parapet) b = 0.50 m
Height of Top Masonry (Parapet) hp = 0.50 m
Height of passive soil pressure P = 1.50 m
Height of active soil pressure A = 3.56 m

DESIGN PARAMETERS

Unit weight of Concrete Wc = 24.00 kN/m³

Unit weight of Stone Masonry Wsm = 26.75 kN/m³
Unit weight of Soil Ws = 18.00 kN/m³
Surcharge qs = 10.10 kN/m2
Angle of friction of Soil Ø = 38.00 °
Coefficient of friction between the R.C. footing
μ = 0.50
and Soil
Equivalent height of Surcharge h' = 0.56 m
Considered strip of structure bw = 1.00 m
STATIC ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE

Active soil pressure PA = 0.5 x Ka x Ws x A² x bw PA = 27.1335 kN

Ka = 1 - sinØ Ka = 0.24
Coefficient of active soil pressure 1 + sinØ

STATIC PASSIVE EARTH PRESSURE

Passive soil pressure PP = 0.5 x Kp x Ws x P² x bw PP = 85.1259 kN

Kp = 1 + sinØ Kp = 4.20
Coefficient of passive soil pressure 1 - sinØ

LOADING AND LEVER ARM COMPUTATIONS

W1 = (Ws)[(P-DF)tanϴ](P-DF)(bw) = 6.55 kN X1 = (1/3)[(P-DF)tanϴ] = 0.12 m

W2 = (Wsm)(B-b)(DF)(bw) = 13.38 kN X2 = 0.5(B-b) = 0.50 m
W3 = (Wsm)(0.5)(B-b)(Hw-DF-hp)(bw) = 26.75 kN X3 = (2/3)(B-b) = 0.67 m
W4 = (Wsm)(b)(Hw)(bw) = 40.13 kN X4 = B-(b/2) = 1.25 m
TOTAL = 86.80 kN

PA = (0.5)(Ka)(Ws)(A² )(bw) = 27.13 kN YA = (1/3)(A) = 1.19 m

PP = (0.5)(Kp)(Ws)(P² )(bw) = 85.13 kN YP = (1/3)(P) = 0.50 m

A. CHECK FOR FACTOR OF SAFETY AGAINST SLIDING:

μ * Σ(RIGHTING FORCES) μ * Σ Wn + PP 85.96

F.S. = = =
Σ(SLIDING FORCES) PA 27.13

F.S. ≥ 1.50 = 3.17

REMARKS: SAFE AGAINST SLIDING

B. CHECK FOR FACTOR OF SAFETY AGAINST OVERTURNING:

Σ (RIGHTING MOMENT) Σ WnXn + PPYP 118.03

F.S. = = =
Σ (OVERTURNING MOMENT) PAYA 32.20

F.S. ≥ 2.00 = 3.67

REMARKS: SAFE AGAINST OVERTURNING
C. LOCATION OF RESULTANT FORCE, Rv

Σ FORCES ACTING AT FOOTING

RESULTANT FORCE, Rv = Σ Wn = 86.80 KN

LOCATION OF RESULTANT FORCE FROM TOE, Xv RIGHTING MOMENT - OVERTURNING MOMENT

=
RESULTANT FORCE

118.03 - 32.20
=
86.80

= 0.99 m

Stability for overturning is conditioned by that the acting point of the Resultant Force, Rv must be within the central one-third portion of the
bottom width.

B 2B
3
≤ Xv ≤ 3

REMARKS: SAFE FOR OVERTURNING,

0.50 ≤ Xv ≤ 1.00
Rv WITHIN MIDDLE THIRD

D. CHECK ADEQUACY OF BEARING CAPACITY OF FOUNDATION

D.1 ACTUAL SOIL BEARING PRESSURE ON UNDERLYING FOUNDATION

ECCENTRICITY, e B NOTE:
= - Xv
2 1 If Resultant Force Rv is within middle third (e<B/6), use:
SOIL PRESSURE, Rv + 6e
= 1
= -0.240 m qmax/min B - B

B
= 0.250 m
6 2 If Resultant Force Rv is on middle third (e=B/6), use:
2Rv
SOIL PRESSURE, qmax =
B
SOIL PRESSURE, qmin = 0

3 If Resultant Force Rv is outside middle third (e>B/6), use:

REMARKS: Rv WITHIN MIDDLE 2Rv
SOIL PRESSURE, qmax =
THIRD; USE FIRST EQUATION 3Xv
SOIL PRESSURE, qmin < 0
REMARKS: SAFE!
3Xv - B
SOIL PRESSURE, qmin = qmax
3Xv
 q maximum, 86.80 6 X 0.24
= 1 + = 113.42 KPa
qmax 1.50 1.50

q minimum, 86.80 6 X 0.24

= 1 - = 2.31 KPa
qmin 1.50 1.50

D.2 ALLOWABLE BEARING CAPACITY OF GROUND

ALLOWABLE BEARING CAPACITY

qu 1 (100)² KN
qa = = 0.10 + 0.15N
FS 3.17 102 m²

Standard Penetration Test

(SPT) Number, N N = 50.00 (From borehole log graph)

qa = 235.05 KPa

ULTIMATE SOIL BEARING CAPACITY

qu = qa (F.S.)

F.S. = 2.50
qu = 587.62 KPa > q act REMARKS: SAFE!

PRESUMED ALLOWABLE BEARING CAPACITY

q = 200.00 KPa > q act REMARKS: SAFE!

 DESIGN ANALYSIS OF PROPOSED GROUTED RIPRAP

FOR AN EXPOSED HEIGHT, H = 2.30 m

DESIGN CODES & REFERENCES

a) 2007 AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges

b) 1987 National Structural Code of the Philippines, Vol. II (Bridges)
c) Rice, P.F., and Hoffman, E.S. (1979) Structural Design Guide to the ACI Building
Code, 2d. Ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold

DIMENSIONS:

Height of Stone Masonry Wall Hw = 2.50 m

Slope of outside wall ϴ = 14.04°
Front Base Projection F = 0.30 m
Width of Footing B = 0.80 m
Depth of Footing DF = 0.70 m
Width of Top Masonry MT = 0.50 m
Width of Bottom Masonry MB = 0.50 m
Offset to Face O = 0.90 m
Height of passive soil pressure P = 0.90 m
Height of active soil pressure A = 3.78 m

DESIGN PARAMETERS

Unit weight of Concrete Wc = 24.00 kN/m³

Unit weight of Stone Masonry Wsm = 26.75 kN/m³
Unit weight of Soil Ws = 17.00 kN/m³
Surcharge qs = 9.81 kN/m2
Angle of friction of Soil Ø = 38.00 °
Coefficient of friction between the R.C. footing
μ = 0.50
and Soil
Equivalent height of Surcharge h' = 0.58 m
Considered strip of structure bw = 1.00 m
STATIC ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE

Active soil pressure PA = 0.5 x Ka x Ws x A² x bw PA = 28.8912 kN

Ka = 1 - sinØ Ka = 0.24
Coefficient of active soil pressure 1 + sinØ

STATIC PASSIVE EARTH PRESSURE

Passive soil pressure PP = 0.5 x Kp x Ws x P² x bw PP = 28.9428 kN

Kp = 1 + sinØ Kp = 4.20
Coefficient of passive soil pressure 1 - sinØ

LOADING AND LEVER ARM COMPUTATIONS

W1 = (Ws)(F)(P-DF)(bw) = 1.02 kN X1 = F/2 = 0.15 m

W2 = (Wsm)(B)(DF)(bw) = 14.98 kN X2 = B/2 = 0.40 m
W3 = (Wsm)(0.5)(DFTANϴ)(DF)(bw) = 1.64 kN X3 = (B)+[(1/3)(DFTANϴ)] = 0.86 m
W4 = (Wsm)(MT)(Hw)(bw) = 33.44 kN X4 = (F)+[(0.5)(MB+(HwTANϴ))] = 0.86 m
W5 = (Ws)(0.5)[(Hw+DF)TANϴ](Hw+DF)(bw) = 21.76 kN X5 = (B)+[2/3((Hw+DF)TANϴ)] = 1.33 m
TOTAL = 72.84 kN

PA = (0.5)(Ka)(Ws)(A² )(bw) = 28.89 kN YA = (1/3)(A) = 1.26 m

PP = (0.5)(Kp)(Ws)(P² )(bw) = 28.94 kN YP = (1/3)(P) = 0.30 m

A. CHECK FOR FACTOR OF SAFETY AGAINST SLIDING:

μ * Σ(RIGHTING FORCES) μ * Σ Wn + PP 50.89

F.S. = = =
Σ(SLIDING FORCES) PA 28.89

F.S. ≥ 1.50 = 1.76

REMARKS: SAFE AGAINST SLIDING

B. CHECK FOR FACTOR OF SAFETY AGAINST OVERTURNING:

Σ (RIGHTING MOMENT) Σ WnXn + PPYP 74.09

F.S. = = =
Σ (OVERTURNING MOMENT) PAYA 36.40

F.S. ≥ 2.00 = 2.04

REMARKS: SAFE AGAINST OVERTURNING
C. LOCATION OF RESULTANT FORCE, Rv

Σ FORCES ACTING AT FOOTING

RESULTANT FORCE, Rv = Σ Wn = 72.84 KN

LOCATION OF RESULTANT FORCE FROM TOE, Xv RIGHTING MOMENT - OVERTURNING MOMENT

=
RESULTANT FORCE

74.09 - 36.40
=
72.84

= 0.52 m

Stability for overturning is conditioned by that the acting point of the Resultant Force, Rv must be within the central one-third portion of the
bottom width.

B 2B
3
≤ Xv ≤ 3

REMARKS: SAFE FOR OVERTURNING,

0.27 ≤ Xv ≤ 0.53
Rv WITHIN MIDDLE THIRD

D. CHECK ADEQUACY OF BEARING CAPACITY OF FOUNDATION

D.1 ACTUAL SOIL BEARING PRESSURE ON UNDERLYING FOUNDATION

ECCENTRICITY, e B NOTE:
= - Xv
2 1 If Resultant Force Rv is within middle third (e<B/6), use:
SOIL PRESSURE, Rv + 6e
= 1
= -0.120 m qmax/min B - B

B
= 0.133 m
6 2 If Resultant Force Rv is on middle third (e=B/6), use:
2Rv
SOIL PRESSURE, qmax =
B
SOIL PRESSURE, qmin = 0

3 If Resultant Force Rv is outside middle third (e>B/6), use:

REMARKS: Rv WITHIN MIDDLE 2Rv
SOIL PRESSURE, qmax =
THIRD; USE FIRST EQUATION 3Xv
SOIL PRESSURE, qmin < 0
REMARKS: SAFE!
3Xv - B
SOIL PRESSURE, qmin = qmax
3Xv
 q maximum, 72.84 6 X 0.12
= 1 + = 172.99 KPa
qmax 0.80 0.80

q minimum, 72.84 6 X 0.12

= 1 - = 9.10 KPa
qmin 0.80 0.80

D.2 ALLOWABLE BEARING CAPACITY OF GROUND

ALLOWABLE BEARING CAPACITY

qu 1 (100)² KN
qa = = 0.10 + 0.15N
FS 1.76 102 m²

Standard Penetration Test

(SPT) Number, N N = 50.00 (From borehole log graph)

qa = 423.35 KPa

ULTIMATE SOIL BEARING CAPACITY

qu = qa (F.S.)

F.S. = 2.50
qu = 1058.38 KPa > q act REMARKS: SAFE!

PRESUMED ALLOWABLE BEARING CAPACITY

q = 200.00 KPa > q act REMARKS: SAFE!