a.

Background of the Study

b. Statement of the Problem
c. Assumptions of the Study
d. Scope and Delimitation
e. Significance of the Study
. Review of Related Literature and Studies
d. Definition of Terms
 A. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Establishes the context / overview of the
research

-This section explains why this particular research

topic is important and essential to understanding
the main
aspects of the study. 
 HOW TO WRITE BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
General
1. Utilize the deductive method of paragraph development.
to
2. Do not place or use too much references or citations. Specific

3. The first few paragraphs may contain and discuss the following:
- Introduce the issue that you will be investigating
- The effect and development of the issue
- Present who are affected by the issue
- Present some articles or legal basis proving that this issue exist and does affect the
respondents
5. The last paragraph should be the RATIONALE of the study. This should present the
reason for choosing the topic and conducting the study.
B. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Format:

General Problem:

Specific Problem:
1.
2.
3.
HOW TO WRITE THE STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

1. The S.O.P is composed of the general problem and specific problems.

2. The specific problems should help answer the objective of the research
as reflected in the title.
3. Specific problems are written in a question form.
4. The specific problems should be relevant and aligned with the direction
of the research.
5. Present at least a minimum of 3 specific problems.
EXAMPLE OF THE STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
RESEARCH TITLE
Challenges Encountered During the New Normal of Education by Students of Saint Louis
University

GENERAL PROBLEM
The objective of the study is to identify the challenges encountered during the new normal
of education among students of Saint Louis University in Baguio City.

SPECIFIC PROBLEMS
Specifically the study aims to answer the following:
1. What are the challenges encountered by students during the new normal of
education?
2. What recommendations can be made to address the challenges identified in the
study?
3. What future studies can be made based on the findings of the study?
 C. ASSUMPTIONS OF THE STUDY
ASSUMPTION
- is beliefs and ideas that we hold to be true
- beliefs, the researches attempt to discover.

HYPOTHESIS (Quantitative)
- is a prediction
- tentative conclusion or answer to a question at the beginning of
investigation.
- Null hypothesis (H0 ) & Alternative hypothesis (Ha)
 EXAMPLE OF ASSUMPTIONS OF THE STUDY
RESEARCH TITLE
Impact of the New Normal Setting of Education to Senior High School Students’
Academic Performance

ASSUMPTIONS
1. Senior high school students are struggling with the new normal setting of
education.
2. The academic performance of senior high school students differs from the old
setting of education to new normal setting of education.
 D. SCOPE AND DELIMITATION
Scope – the scope of the study explains the extent to which the
research area will be explored in the work and specifies the
parameters within which the study will be operating.

Delimitation – the characteristics that limit the scope and

describe the boundaries of the study, such as the
sample size, geographical location or setting in which
the study takes place.
 EXAMPLE OF SCOPE AND DELIMITATION
RESEARCH TITLE
Impact of the New Normal Setting of Education to Senior High School Students’ Academic
Performance

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

This study focuses on the Impact of the New Normal Setting of Education to Senior High School
Students’ Academic Performance. The researchers will dive in to different situations that students
may face in order to relieve them of some burden as we conceptualize some possible solutions or
alternatives to avoid further stress to not only the students but everyone who is such as the teachers
and parents. They may benefit from this study in terms of having some problems that may be caused
by a student’s struggle in adapting in the new system that a student may have to deal with.

This research will we conducted for a week and will comprise of 5 to 10 chosen participants from
VMUFSHS. Results and findings in this research should be accomplished within or in the end of the
semester.
 E. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
It identifies the beneficiaries and the benefits will give
when the problem is solved.

Format:
• Enumerated Form
• According to importance style.
 EXAMPLE OF SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
RESEARCH TITLE
Impact of the New Normal Setting of Education to Senior High School Students’ Academic
Performance

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This research is conducted with the goal of becoming beneficial to the following:

The Students. The main goal of this research is to identify the factors that can affect a student’s
performance under online learning, thus helping students cope up with different strategies under the
new normal.

The Teachers. The findings stated in this research may help teachers improve the quality of teaching
by considering other methods and techniques suitable for online education.

Future Researchers. This research is made based on recent events which will benefit future
researchers for their papers that are related to this topic.
. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIE
LITERATURE – are published materials from newspapers, magazines,
journals, manuals, encyclopedias and, reference books / textbooks.

STUDIES – are published materials from published researches, thesis and,

dissertations.

Purpose of Review Related Literature and Studies:

• It improves your understanding of your topic.
• To update your readers. (with the past information and
bring your readers towards your study)
. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIE
E-Sources:

Collect sources that are recent, as much as possible. (from 10 years and below from
the date of study / publication)
. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIE

Foreign – cite studies abroad that are similar or relative to your

study.
(2 Literature and 2 Studies)

Local – cite studies in the Philippines that are similar or relative to

your study.
(3 Literature and 3 Studies)
WRITING PROCESS OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
1. SKIMMING AND SCANNING
- Start reading the title, subheads, abstract, background of the study.

2. ANALYTICAL READING
- Choose important information that you need for your research by note
taking and highlighting.
- You have to understand what you highlight.

3. ARRANGE / OUTLINE
- How to organize your sources and information.
WRITING PROCESS OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
4. SUMMARIZE AND WRITE

3 PARTS:
• Introduction
• Main Body (synthesize and summarize all your sources / information)
• Conclusion
TIPS IN WRITING RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Proofread
Check for repetitive phrases
Don’t use informal language
Use cohesive devices / transition words
(at one hand, on the other hand, in addition to, in contrary,
similarly, for instance, specifically, consequently, moreover,
hence, etc..)
Use topic sentences to show connections, comparisons,
contrast between ideas.
Don’t plagiarize, use proper citation.
 E. DEFINITION OF TERMS

1. Include only key terms from the title, research problems and
unfamiliar words in your research.

2. The terms should be arranged alphabetically and should be defined

operationally using complete sentences.

3. Conceptual or “dictionary” definitions should be documented as to

reference.
 EXAMPLE OF DEFINITION OF TERMS
RESEARCH TITLE
Impact of the New Normal Setting of Education to Senior High School Students’ Academic Performance

DEFINITION OF TERMS
Academic Performance - the measurement of student achievement across various academic subjects.

Curriculum - the subjects comprising a course of study in a school or college.

Department of Education (DepED) - is the executive department of the Philippine government responsible for ensuring
access to, promoting equity in, and improving the quality of basic education. It is the main agency tasked to manage and
govern the Philippine system of basic education.

Information Overload - Exposure to or provision of too much information or data.

K to 12 - program covers kindergarten and 12 years of basic education (six years of primary education, four years of Junior
High School, and two years of Senior High School [SHS]) to provide sufficient time for mastery of concepts and skills,
develop lifelong learners, and prepare graduates for tertiary education.

Technology Literacy - the ability to safely, responsibly, creatively, and effectively use appropriate technology
Sa Research huwag mastress,

dapat ay ma-challenge at
ibigay ang BEST!