PHILOSOPHY

Major Branches
of Philosophy

History of
Philosophy
 Philosophy

“Sophia”
Greek (wisdom
“Philos” “Sophia”
(to love,to deire) words Wisdom

”Lover of Wisdom”
 PHILOSOPHY
 the systematized study of general and fundamental questions, such
as those about existence, reasons, knowledge, values ,mind and
language
 Pythagoras ( c. 570 – c. 495 BCE) A Greek mathematician and
philosopher. Who coined the word “love of wisdom”
 the some of all men’s beliefs and views about the world which guides
their actions (Ariola1989)
 the love of pursuit of wisdom; the search for basic principles
 A rational critical thinking of a more or less systematic kind about the
conduct of life, the general nature of the world and the justification
of belief
 The science of things by their ultimate principles and the causes, as
known by natural reason alone
 Father of Philosophy
• Socrates is considered by many to be the
founding father of Western philosophy—as
well as one of the most enigmatic figures of
ancient history.
 ETHICS
METAPHYSICS AXIOLOGY (ETHICS)
What is of Value
What is real What Is Of Value?

PHILOSOPHY

EPISTEMOLOGY LOGIC
How do we Know How do we reason?
 Metaphysics

branch of philosophy that

studies the fundamental nature
of reality, the first principles of
being, identity and change, space
and time,
 Metaphysics
Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that
considers the physical universe and the nature of
ultimate reality. It asks questions like, What is real?
What is the origin of the world? What is beyond the
stars? Your consideration of reality as an external
creation or an internal construct can influence your
metaphysical beliefs and perspectives and your
teaching. Regardless of your definition of reality,
the exploration and categorization of the physical
universe form the foundation of several school
subjects.
 Axiology
derived from the Greek to mean “value or
worth,” and is primarily concerned with
classifying things as good and how good they
are. Often called the theory of value, axiology
is the philosophical study of goodness or the
worth of something
 Axiology
Axiology is the branch of philosophy that
considers the study of principles and values.
These values are divided into two main kinds:
ethics and aesthetics. Ethics is the questioning
of morals and personal values. Aesthetics is the
examination of what is beautiful, enjoyable, or
tasteful. In axiology education is more than just
about knowledge but also quality of life.
 EPISTEMOLOGY
Theory of knowledge, is the branch of
philosophy concerned with knowledge.
Epistemology is considered a major subfield of
philosophy, along with other major subfields such
as ethics, logic, and metaphysics.
 EPISTEMOLOGY
Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that
considers how people come to learn what they
know.
Derived from the Greek word episteme, meaning
knowledge or understanding, epistemology refers
to the nature and origin of knowledge and truth.
Epistemology proposes that there are four main
bases of knowledge: divine revelation, experience,
logic and reason, and intuition. These influence
how teaching, learning, and understanding come
about in the classroom.
 LOGIC
 the science that investigates the principles governing
correct or reliable inference.
 study of correct reasoning.
 a particular way of thinking, especially one that
is reasonable and based on good judgment:
• I fail to see the logic behind his argument.
• If prices go up, wages will go up too - that's just logic.
• There's no logic in
the decision to reduce staff when orders are
the highest they have been for years.
 LOGIC
Logic is the branch of philosophy that seeks to
organize reasoning. Students of logic learn how to
think in a structurally sound manner. Logic has two
types: deductive and inductive reasoning.
Deductive reasoning involves examining a general
case, deducing a general set of rules or principles,
and then applying these rules to specific cases.
Inductive reasoning involves taking specific
examples and considering the general principles,
rules, or cases that caused them.
 History of Philosophy
Philosophy has been around since the dawn of
western civilization.
 The golden age of Greek philosophy took place in
Athens in the 5th century BC.
The works of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle informed
thousands of years of thought, becoming central to
think in the Roman world, the Middle Ages, and
then resurfacing in the renaissance and later.
Starting at the height of the Roman republic,
Christian thought was central to philosophy at least
until the enlightenment.
In the 18th century, questions of how we come to
know what we believe we know (epistemology),
and new ethical schools began to form.
By the late 1800’s, questions of language, logic, and
meaning took center stage, and the 20th century
played host to one of the largest bursts of
philosophical work ever seen.
Today philosophical thought is applied to almost
every component of life, from science to warfare,
politics to artificial intelligence.