2.

Axiomas y propiedades de los espacios vectoriales

u⃗ =(5 ,−2,−8)
⃗v =( 9 ,−3 ,1 )
w =(3 ,−6 , 2)
⃗

2.1
u⃗ + ⃗v =⃗v + u⃗

( 5 ,−2 ,−8 ) + ( 9 ,−3 ,1 ) =( 9 ,−3 , 1 ) + ( 5 ,−2 ,−8 )( 5+9 ,−2−3 ,−8+1 )=( 9+5 ,−3−2,1−8 )
( 14 ,−5 ,−7 )=( 14 ,−5 ,−7 ) ∴ se cumple el axioma .

2.2
u⃗ + (−⃗u )=(−⃗u ) + u⃗ =⃗0

( 5 ,−2 ,−8 ) + (−( 5 ,−2 ,−8 ) ) =(−( 5 ,−2,−8 ) ) + ( 5 ,−2 ,−8 ) =⃗0
( 5 ,−2 ,−8 ) + (−5,2,8 ) =(−5,2,8 ) + ( 5 ,−2 ,−8 )=0⃗ ( 0,0,0 ) =( 0,0,0 )=0⃗ ∴ se cumple el axioma .

2.3
u⃗ +(⃗v + ⃗
w )=(⃗u + ⃗v )+ ⃗
w

( 5 ,−2 ,−8 ) + ( ( 9 ,−3 ,1 )+ ( 3 ,−6 , 2 ) )=( (5 ,−2 ,−8 )+ ( 9 ,−3 , 1 ) ) + ( 3 ,−6 ,2 )

( 5 ,−2 ,−8 ) + ( 12 ,−9,3 )=( 14 ,−5 ,−7 )+ (3 ,−6 , 2 )
( 17 ,−11,−5 )=( 17 ,−11 ,−5 ) ∴ se cumple el axioma .
3. Conjuntos Generadores, dependencia e independencia lineal.
3.1
S= { ( 2 ,8,2 ) , ( 1,2,3 ) , ( 1 ,−1,2 ) }

( |)
2 1 1 0
8 2 −1 0
2 3 2 0

( |)
1 1
1 0
f1 2 2
0
2 8 2 −1
0
2 3 2

( |)
8 4 4 0
f 1∗8 8 2 −1 0
2 3 2 0

( |)
1 1
0 1
2 2
f 2−f 1 y restaurar f 1 0
0 −2 −5
0
2 3 2

( |)
2 1 1 0
f 1∗2 0 −2 −5 0
2 3 2 0

( |)
1 1
0 1
2 2
f 3−f 1 y restaurar f 1 0
0 −2 −5
0
0 2 1

( |)
1 1
1
2 20
f2
50
−2 0 1
20
0 2 1

( |)
1 1
1
2 20
2∗1
f 1 5 0
2 0
2 40
0 2 1
 ( |)
−3
1 0
4 0
f 1−f 2 y restaurar f 2 5 0
0 1
2 0
0 2 1

( |)
−3
1 0 0
4
f 2∗2 0
0 2 5
0
0 2 1

( |)
−3
1 0
4 0
f 3−f 2 y restaurar f 2 5 0
0 1
2 0
0 0 −4

( |)
−3
1 0
4 0
f3
5 0
−4 0 1
2 0
0 0 1

( |)
−3
1 0
4
f3 0
5
−3 0 1 0
2
4 0
−3
0 0
4

( |)
1 0 0
0
5
f 1−f 3 y restaurar f 3 0 1 0
2
0
0 0 1

( |)
1 0 0
50
3∗5 0 1
f 20
2
50
0 0
2

( |)
1 0 00
f 2−f 3 y restaurar f 3 0 1 0 0
0 0 10
RTA : Eslineal mente independiente .

3.2

() () ( )
2 1 1
v1 8 =v 2 2 =v 3 −1
2 3 2

() () ( )
2 1 1 x
a 1 8 + a2 2 +a 3 −1 = y
2 3 2 z

2 a1 +1 a2 +1 a3=x
8 a 1+2 a 2+ (−1 ) a3 = y
2 a1 +3 a 2+2 a 3=z

(−7 x + (− y +3 z ) )( 18 x+ (−2 y −10 z ) )(−20 x + ( 4 y+ 4 z ) )16

(−7 x + (− y +3 z ) ) + ( 18 x+ (−2 y −10 z ) ) + (−20 x + ( 4 y +4 z ) ) +16 ¿ 0 Si se genera R3

4. Determinantes, Rango de una matriz, e Independencia lineal.
2 0 2 0
−7 4 −1 −6
5 0 1 4
0 −3 0 8
1 0 1 0
f 1 −7 4 −1 −6
2 5 0 1 4
0 −3 0 8
−7 0 −7 0
−7 4 −1 −6
f 1∗(−7 )
5 0 1 4
0 −3 0 8
1 0 1 0
0 4 6 −6
f 2−f 1 y restaurar f 1
5 0 1 4
0 −3 0 8
5 0 5 0
0 4 6 −6
f 1∗5
5 0 1 4
0 −3 0 8
1 0 1 0
0 4 6 −6
f 3−f 1 y restaurar f 1
0 0 −4 4
0 −3 0 8
2 0 2 0
0 4 6 −6
f 1 restaurar a original
0 0 −4 4
0 −3 0 8
2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0
3 −3 −9 9
f 20 1 0 −3
2 2 f 2∗(−3 ) 2 2
4
0 0 −4 4 0 0 −4 4
0 −3 0 8 0 −3 0 8
2 0 2 0
3 −3
0 1
2 2
f 4−f 2 y restaurar f 2
0 0 −4 4
9 7
0 0
2 2
 2 0 2 0
0 4 6 −6
f 2 restaurar a original0 0 −4 4
9 7
0 0
2 2
2 0 2 0
0 4 6 −6
f3
0 0 1 −1
−4
9 7
0 0
2 2
2 02 0
0 46 −6
3∗9 9 −9
f 0 0
2 2 2
9 7
0 0
2 2
2 0 2 0
0 4 6 −6
f 4−f 3 y restaurar f 3
0 0 1 −1
0 0 0 8
2 0 2 0
0 4 6 −6
f 3 restaurar a original
0 0 −4 4
0 0 0 8

4.1
Rango de matriz : 4

4.2
Determinante :2∗4∗(−4 )∗8=−256

4.3

( |)
2 0 2 0 0
−7 4 −1 −6 0
5 0 1 4 0
0 −3 0 8 0
 ( |)
1 0 1 0 0
f 1 −7 4 −1 −6 0
2 5 0 1 4 0
0 −3 0 8 0

( |)
−7 0 −7 0 0
−7 4 −1 −6 0
f 1∗−7
5 0 1 4 0
0 −3 0 8 0

( |)
1 0 1 0 0
0 4 6 −6 0
f 2−f 1 y restaurar f 1
5 0 1 4 0
0 −3 0 8 0

( |)
5 0 5 0 0
0 4 6 −6 0
f 1∗5
5 0 1 4 0
0 −3 0 8 0

( |)
1 0 1 0 0
0 4 6 −6 0
f 3−f 1 y restaurar f 1
0 0 −4 4 0
0 −3 0 8 0

( |)
1 0
1 0
0
3 −3
f2 0 1 0
2 2
4 0
0 0 −4 4
0
0 −3 0 8

( |)
1 10 0
0
−9 9
0 −3 0
f 2∗(−3 ) 2 2
0
0 0 −4 4
0
0 −3 0 8

( |)
1 1 0 0
3 −3 0
0 1
2 2 0
f 4−f 2 y restaurar f 2
0 0 −4 4 0
9 7 0
0 0
2 2
 ( |)
1 0 1 0
3 −3 0
0 1
f3 2 2 0
−4 0 0 1 −1 0
9 7 0
0 0
2 2

( |)
1 0 0 1
3 −3 0
0 1
2 2 0
f 1−f 3
0 0 1 −1 0
9 7 0
0 0
2 2

( |)
1 0 0 1
3 −3
0 1 0
2 2
3∗3 0
f 3 −3
2 0 0 0
2 2
0
9 7
0 0
2 2

( |)
1 0 0 1
0
0 1 0 0
0
f 2−f 3 y restaurar f 3 0 0 1 −1
0
9 7
0 0 0
2 2

( |)
1 0 0 1
0 1 0 0 0
3∗9 9 −9 0
f 0 0
2 2 2 0
9 7 0
0 0
2 2

( |)
1 0 0 1 0
0 1 0 0 0
f 4−f 3 y restaurar f 3
0 0 1 −1 0
0 0 0 8 0
 ( |)
1 0 0 1 0
f4 0 1 0 0 0
8 0 0 1 −1 0
0 0 0 1 0

( |)
1 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0
f 1−f 4
0 0 1 −1 0
0 0 0 1 0

( |)
1 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0
f 4∗(−1 )
0 0 1 −1 0
0 0 0 −1 0

( |)
1 0 0 00
0 1 0 00
f 3−f 4 y restaurar f 4
0 0 1 00
0 0 0 10

El conjunto A es lineal mente independiente .

Sean u⃗ y ⃗v vectores en R3.Demuestre que
4¿

2 2
4 ( ⃗u . ⃗v )=∥ u⃗ + ⃗v ∥ −∥ ⃗u−⃗v ∥

4 ( ( u x ,u y , u z ) . ( v x , v y , v z ) )=∥ ( ux , u y ,u z ) + ( v x , v y , v z ) ∥ 2−∥ ( u x , u y , u z )−( v x , v y , v z ) ∥ 2

2 2
4 ( u x v x + u y v y +u z v z ) =∥ ( u x + v x ) + ( u y +v y ) + ( uz + v z ) ∥ −∥ ( u x −v x )−( u y −v y )−( u z−v z ) ∥

4 ( u x v x + u y v y +u z v z ) =∥ ( u x + v x ) + ( u y +v y ) + ( uz + v z ) ∥ 2−∥ ( u x −v x )−( u y −v y )−( u z−v z ) ∥ 2

√ √
2 2
4 ( u x v x + u y v y +u z v z ) = ( 2 ux +2 v x ) 2+ ( 2u y +2 v y )2+ ( 2u z +2 v z )2 − ( 2 ux −2 v x )2−( 2u y −2 v y )2−( 2 u z−2 v z )2
4 ux 4 v x + 4 u y 4 v y + 4 u z 4 v z =( 2 u x +2 v x ) + ( 2 u y +2 v y ) + ( 2 u z+ 2 v z ) −( 2 u x −2 v x ) −( 2u y −2 v y ) −( 2u z −2 v z )

4 ux 4 v x + 4 u y 4 v y + 4 u z 4 v z =( 2 u x 2 v x ) + ( 2u y 2 v y ) + ( 2 u z 2 v z ) −( 2 ux −2 v x )−( 2u y −2 v y ) −( 2u z −2 v z )

4 ux 4 v x + 4 u y 4 v y + 4 u z 4 v z =2 ux 2 v x +2 u y 2 v y + 2u z 2 v z −(−2 u x 2 v x ) −(−2 u y 2 v y )−(−2u z 2 v z )

4 ux 4 v x + 4 u y 4 v y + 4 u z 4 v z =2 ux 2 v x +2 u y 2 v y + 2u z 2 v z +2 u x 2 v x +2 u y 2 v y +2 uz 2 v z

4 ux 4 v x + 4 u y 4 v y + 4 u z 4 v z =4 ux 4 v x + 4 u y 4 v y + 4 u z 4 v z
6. Ejercicio Colaborativo.

( ) ( )
1 −1 2 1 −1 0
A= −2 0 4 ;B= 1 3 −1
0 −2 7 2 6 −2
⃗ ( b , b , b )T
b= 1 2 3

T
⃗x =( x 1 , x 2 , x 3 )
T
c⃗ =( c 1 , c 2 , c3 )

6.1

( )( ) ( )( )( )
1 −1 2 x 1 b1 11 −11 21 b1
−2 0 4 x 2 = b2 −22 02 4 2 = b2
0 −2 7 x 3 b3 03 −23 7 3 b3

6.2

( )( ) ( )( )()
1 −1 0 x 1 c1 11 −11 01 c1
1 3 −1 x 2 = c2 12 3 2 −12 = c 2
2 6 −2 x 3 c3 23 6 3 −23 c3