Index

01

SOIL 02

COMPACTION 03

04

05
 Index

01
The densification of soil by
compressing the soil 02
particles more tightly to
remove air from void spaces. 03

04
It is measured in terms of its
dry unit weight. 05
Index

01

02

03

04

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 Index

EFFECTS OF COMPACTION
01
1. Increase the soil shear strength.
2. Reduces the soil settlement 02
3. Decreases the permeability on
the soil. 03
4. Increases the stability of slope of
embankments. 04

05
SOIL COMPACTION EQUIPMENT

Smooth Wheeled or Vibratory Rollers

Static Rollers

Sheepsfoot Rollers Pneumatic Rollers

SOIL COMPACTION EQUIPMENT
HANDHELD

Rammer Plate Compactor Walk Behind Roller

 Index
TERMINOLOGIES / TESTS REQUIRED
Proctor Compaction Test Field Density Test 01


 Maximum
Maximum DryDry Unit
Unit  Field Unit Weight 02
Weight, γ
Weight, γd(max)
d(max) (moist), γ(field)

 Minimun
Minimun Dry
Dry Unit
Unit  Field Dry Unit
03
Weight, γ
Weight, γd(min)
d(min) Weight, γd(field)

 Optimum
Optimum Moisture
Moisture Sand Cone Method, Rubber
Content
Content (OMC)
(OMC) Balloon Method, & Nuclear 04
Method

05
 Index

PROCTOR COMPACTION TEST

01
A laboratory method of
determining the Optimal Moisture 02
Content (OMC) at which a given
soil type will become most dense 03
and achieve its Maximum Dry
Density, γd(max). 04

05
 Index

STANDARD PROCTOR TEST MODIFIED PROCTOR TEST

01

02

03

04

05
 Index

PROCTOR COMPACTION TEST

01
Maximum Dry Unit
Weight γd(max)
02

03
Optimum Moisture
Content (OMC) 04

05
 Index

FIELD DENSITY TEST

01

02

03

04

SAND CONE METHOD

05
(ASTM D-1556)
 SAND CONE METHOD (ASTM D-1556) Index

1. Determine the initial weight of sand in jar before

soil sampling. 01
2. Determine the weight of soil sample taken on site
and the weight of remaining sand in container.
02
3. Using the given unit weight OTTAWA sand,
𝑀
determine the volume of soil sample, V = 𝛾
𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑
4. Using the computed volume, determine the in-situ 03
unit weight or field unit weight.
5. To compute the dry unit weight, determine moisture
𝛾𝑚𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑡 04
content and use γd = 1+𝜔

05
 Index

FIELD DENSITY TEST

01

02

03

04

RUBBER BALLOON METHOD

05
(ASTM D-2167)
RUBBER BALLOON METHOD (ASTM D-2167) Index

1. Determine the initial volume reading in

apparatus before soil sampling. 01
2. Determine the weight of soil sample taken
on site and the volume reading in apparatus
02
after sampling.
3. Using the given unit weight of soil sample and
the difference in volume readings, you can 03
now determine the in-situ unit weight or the
field unit weight.
4. To compute the dry unit weight, determine 04
𝛾𝑚𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑡
moisture content and use γd = 1+𝜔

05
 Index

FIELD DENSITY TEST

01

02

03

04

NUCLEAR DENSITY METHOD 05

 FORMULA TO REMEMBER IN Index

SOIL COMPACTION
01

FIELD UNIT WEIGHT DRY UNIT WEIGHT RELATIVE COMPACTION 02

γ(in-situ) γd(field) %R

03
𝑾 γ𝒎𝒐𝒊𝒔𝒕 γ𝒅(𝒇𝒊𝒆𝒍𝒅)
γ(in-situ) = γd(field) = %R =
γ𝒅(𝒎𝒂𝒙)
× 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝑽 𝟏+ω
04

05
OTHER USEFUL FORMULA RELATED TO Index

SOIL COMPACTION
01
VOLUME OF BACKFILL SHRINKAGE FACTOR

𝑽𝒓𝒆𝒒 𝑽𝒔𝒐𝒖𝒓𝒄𝒆 𝒆𝟏 − 𝒆𝟐 02
= × 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟏 + 𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒒 𝟏 + 𝒆𝒔𝒐𝒖𝒓𝒄𝒆 𝟏 + 𝒆𝟐
e1 = original or undistributed void ratio 03
e2 = void ratio after compaction

04

05
Index

01

02

03

04

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SOLUTION Index

Properties of Soil base on Soil Investigation Report

Specific Gravity of Soil Particles : 2.75 01
Weight of Soil Sample : 1.6309 kg
Volume of Soil Sample : 0.0008 m3
a) Maximum Dry Unit Weight (kN/m3) of soil in the field if the OMC is at 22% 02

03

04

05
SOLUTION Index

b) As Civil Engineer, will you allow the concrete pouring in Road Lot 1 base
on its FDT result and if the allowed Relative compaction should be equal 01
or higher than 95%

02

03

04

05
SOLUTION Index

c) As Civil Engineer, will you allow the concrete pouring in Road Lot 2 base
on its FDT result and if the allowed Relative compaction should be equal 01
or higher than 95%

02

03

04

05