Visuals can be classified into 6 groups:

graphs, tables, diagrams, charts, visual images, maps

General steps in interpreting visuals

Why? For us to be able to identify if what is the visual is
all about, the purpose and the information we can learn.
- Read the title and the subtitle
- Read the captions, keys, and labels.
- Determine the purpose
...

General guidelines for adding visuals to your text

- Determine the purpose of the visual.
- Evaluate the accuracy and validity of the data.
- Viluas should be accompanied by clear references within
your text.
- Visuals should be placed on the same page as the text
reference.
- Preferable, position the visual vertically
- Make your visual as simple and self-explanatory as
possible by adding data labels.
- If the visual are colored, go fot the basic contrasting
colors which are easy on the eyes.

1.Charts
- Sheet of information in the form of tables, graphs or
diagrams
Strategies in reading charts:
*Study each step
*Paya attention to the steps
*Ensure you understood the chart
*Compare your mental chart to the description in the text
note: two common charts: organiational chart and flow chart

Organizational chart
- Presents rankings, classifications, and levels of ideas.
Strategies in preparing an Organizational chart:
* Use varied shapes carefully.
* Connect the boxes with solid lines.
* Design the chart creatively.

Flowchart
- Illustrates a process or direction of steps
- Graphical representation of a steps.

* Present only the capsule(shortened) version of the whole

process.
* Limit the number of shapes to avoid confusion.
(rectangle - used to refer event which is part of the
process.
diamond - Used to show decision point in the process.
rounded box - represent an event which occurs automatically.
<start and end>)

Strategies in preparing a flow chart:

*Provide a legend when necessary
*Sequence the data left to right or top to bottom
*You can be creative in designing the flowchart
2.Tables
- Data structure that organizes information into rows and
columns.
- Box head - Heading at the top
- Stub - On the left
Strategies in reading a table:
* Read the titled of the table.
* Check whether the information is updated or obsolete.
* Check the source of the information.
* Study the headings and their relationships
* Read the details with the headings in mind
* Compare and contrast the different columns

*Informal or simple tables are not required to use a title.

It's function is as extension for the text. Not included
as illustration.
* Formal tables.
* Use plenty of white space within and around the text.
...
* Use abbreviations and symbols when necessary.
* Use uppercase and lowercase instead of full c/aps.

3.Graphs
- Pictorial representation or a diagram that represents
a data or values in an organized matter.
^Bar Graph
- Graph that represents the categorical data using
rectangular bars.
Strategies in reading a bar graph:
* Reading the title, caption and source note.
* Determine the purpose of the graph
* Look at the dates
* Determine the time span and tha amount of changes.
* Look carefully at the items being compared.

Strategies in preparing a bar graph:

* Limit the number bars
* Show the comparisons clearl.
* Keep the bar widths consistent
* Use spaces between bars
* Arrange the bars based on sequence.
* Use legends as much as possible

^Line Graph
- Shows data using a line.
Strategies in reading ":
* Read the title
* Determine the purpose
* Read the horizonal axis
* Determine the kind of time intervals
* Read the vertical axis.
* Traces the jagged line

Strategies in preparing:
* Plot the data carefully
* Use different line colors
* Make the chart lines thicker than the axis
...
^Circle Graph
- Knows as pie graph
- Data or value shows in circle

Strategies in reading ":

* read the title
* note the numbers and labels
* check the legend
* Identify the smallest and largest

Strategies in preparing ":

* Use no more than seven divisions
* Move clockwise
* Use circle graph for percentages and
money or
divisible by 100
* Make it simple as possible
* Label each component
* Show a subdivision of a particular wedge
in a circle graph.