LESSON1: BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY

Terms: Epistemology
Logic
- From the Greek word:
- The study of principles by which we distinguish
Episteme – “Knowledge”
sound from unsound reasoning and of different
types of reasoning. Logos – “study of” or “theory of”

- It is the formulation of the standards of right - The study or theory of knowledge.

thinking.
- “How do we know?”
Ethics
- Determining the kinds, sources and conditions
- From the Greek word Ethos – Customs of knowledge.

- “What is morally good?” and “What is right?”

- Identifying the standards for making moral

judgements, clarifying the meaning of moral
judgements.

Metaphysics

- It studies reality, seeking its ultimate causes in

an absolute sense

- “What is real?”

- It seeks the most intimate aspect of reality –

it’s being.

- Establishing whether reality consists of

physical objects only, of nonphysical objects
only or both.

Aesthetics

- From the Greek word Aisthetikos – one who is

perceptive of things through his sensations,
feelings, and intuitions.

- The study of a particular kind of value such as

the values which are part of the arts and our
experience of beauty.
 LESSON2: PHILOSOPHY
Terms:
Primary Reflection
Philosophy
- Fragmented and compartmentalized
- A body of knowledge.
thinking.
- Provides methodologies and insights on
- Cannot be a genuine thinking.
how societal questions (euthanasia, same
- A selfish thing
sex marriage and etc.) can be answered.
- “means’ end kind of thinking”
- Intellectual activity or Philosophy in Life
- In Human Relationships - ‘Thinks only of
Analytic procedure of addressing
what it can practically get in a
individual thought processes such as:
relationship.’
● Resolving conflict and confusion
● Testing positions
Secondary Reflection
● Analyzing beliefs
- An act of recapturing the unity of the
- Guiding principle on how one ought to
original experience.
live life.
- Allows think holistically.
- Prescribe by:
- “Genuine and unselfish thinking”
● Logic
- In Human Relationships – ‘Does not think
● Reason and Wisdom
of what it can practically get in a
relationship’3
Philosophical Reflection
- Process where a person undergoes a
reflective state or evaluate his or her
experiences first before making any
related action.
- It enables thought to be looked into using
deeper, holistic perspective directed
towards greater sources of wisdom and
truth.
- “Is the act of time to think about the
meaning and purpose of Life.”
– Gabriel Marcel
- Provides us “The Holistic Picture of
Reality”
- Enables us to see the interconnectedness
and the interdependentness of people’s
actions and events.