Slides Cognition MakingSenseOfTheEnvironment

ARIANA FABIANA LOLOY TELLO, ALOLOYTE@UCVVIRTUAL.EDU.
PE
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ARIANA FABIANA LOLOY TELLO, ALOLOYTE@UCVVIRTUAL.EDU.PE
Piaget‘s Stages of Cognitive Development
• Jean Piaget was a developmental

psychologist who studied cognitive
development in children.
• He believed that children were not “mini-

versions” of adults but instead were unique.
Author unidentified, Jean Piaget in Ann Arbor, http://lectur.io/iaget
PD
•
•

Jean Piaget‘s model included four development stages:


Preoperational stage


Formal Operational stage


Role of Culture in Cognitive Development
• Culture can influence the process of individual learning.
• Individual learns social relationships (culture) and converts these into mental capabilities.
• Relationship between language and expression of thought
• Internalized speech is only developed after child speaks out loud and receives feedback.
• Different languages result in different ways of thinking.
• Multilingual people perform differently on personality testing based on language.

Influence of Heredity and Environment on Cognitive Development
• Both heredity and environmental factors

interact to shape cognitive development and
function.
• Heredity (“genetics”) provides the biological

predispositions or “raw skills”.
• Environmental factors include sociocultural

drivers which shape development of capabilities.
• Neither factor alone can explain nor determine

level of cognitive development.

Biological Factors that Affect Cognition
• Cognitive function is directly influenced and mediated by structures in the brain.
• Environmental stimuli (i.e. sensory information) is sent to the parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes.
• This sensory info forms the basis for cognitive processes.
• Frontal lobe manages executive functions including; planning, organizing, inhibiting impulses, and
flexible thinking.
• Memory formation and retrieval is mediated by the hippocampus.
• The amygdala and limbic system provide emotional arousal (motivation/alertness).
• Interaction and function of these brain sites underlies individual cognitive skills.

•

•

•
•
Can you mount this candle
on the wall, using only the
supplies given?
© by Lecturio GmbH
•

•

•

•

Crystallized intelligence Fluid intelligence
Accumulated knowledge Ability to reason abstractly

of facts in novel situations

• Research within families
(siblings vs. twins vs. adopted children) shows significant heritability.
• Environment and life experience also has a direct impact.
• Low socioeconomic contributors can lower intelligence scores.
• Early intervention and education can increase intelligence scores.

•
•
IQ Score Distribution
34% 34%
68 %
Intellectual Disability Intellectual Giftedness

14% 14%
IQ Score <70 IQ Score >130
2% 95% 2%
0,1% 0,1%
55 70 85 100 115 130 145

IQ Score

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ARIANA FABIANA LOLOY TELLO, ALOLOYTE@UCVVIRTUAL.EDU.

• Jean Piaget was a developmental

• He believed that children were not “mini-

Author unidentified, Jean Piaget in Ann Arbor, http://lectur.io/iaget

ARIANA FABIANA LOLOY TELLO, ALOLOYTE@UCVVIRTUAL.EDU.PE

ARIANA FABIANA LOLOY TELLO, ALOLOYTE@UCVVIRTUAL.EDU.PE

ARIANA FABIANA LOLOY TELLO, ALOLOYTE@UCVVIRTUAL.EDU.PE

ARIANA FABIANA LOLOY TELLO, ALOLOYTE@UCVVIRTUAL.EDU.PE

ARIANA FABIANA LOLOY TELLO, ALOLOYTE@UCVVIRTUAL.EDU.PE

Formal Operational stage

ARIANA FABIANA LOLOY TELLO, ALOLOYTE@UCVVIRTUAL.EDU.PE

ARIANA FABIANA LOLOY TELLO, ALOLOYTE@UCVVIRTUAL.EDU.PE

• Culture can influence the process of individual learning.

• Relationship between language and expression of thought

• Different languages result in different ways of thinking.

• Multilingual people perform differently on personality testing based on language.

ARIANA FABIANA LOLOY TELLO, ALOLOYTE@UCVVIRTUAL.EDU.PE

• Both heredity and environmental factors

• Heredity (“genetics”) provides the biological

• Environmental factors include sociocultural

• Neither factor alone can explain nor determine

ARIANA FABIANA LOLOY TELLO, ALOLOYTE@UCVVIRTUAL.EDU.PE

• Cognitive function is directly influenced and mediated by structures in the brain.

• This sensory info forms the basis for cognitive processes.

• Memory formation and retrieval is mediated by the hippocampus.

• The amygdala and limbic system provide emotional arousal (motivation/alertness).

ARIANA FABIANA LOLOY TELLO, ALOLOYTE@UCVVIRTUAL.EDU.PE

ARIANA FABIANA LOLOY TELLO, ALOLOYTE@UCVVIRTUAL.EDU.PE

ARIANA FABIANA LOLOY TELLO, ALOLOYTE@UCVVIRTUAL.EDU.PE

ARIANA FABIANA LOLOY TELLO, ALOLOYTE@UCVVIRTUAL.EDU.PE

ARIANA FABIANA LOLOY TELLO, ALOLOYTE@UCVVIRTUAL.EDU.PE

ARIANA FABIANA LOLOY TELLO, ALOLOYTE@UCVVIRTUAL.EDU.PE

ARIANA FABIANA LOLOY TELLO, ALOLOYTE@UCVVIRTUAL.EDU.PE

Accumulated knowledge Ability to reason abstractly

ARIANA FABIANA LOLOY TELLO, ALOLOYTE@UCVVIRTUAL.EDU.PE

• Environment and life experience also has a direct impact.

• Low socioeconomic contributors can lower intelligence scores.

• Early intervention and education can increase intelligence scores.

ARIANA FABIANA LOLOY TELLO, ALOLOYTE@UCVVIRTUAL.EDU.PE

Intellectual Disability Intellectual Giftedness

55 70 85 100 115 130 145

ARIANA FABIANA LOLOY TELLO, ALOLOYTE@UCVVIRTUAL.EDU.PE

ARIANA FABIANA LOLOY TELLO, ALOLOYTE@UCVVIRTUAL.EDU.PE

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