Who is a Consumer under Consumer Protection Act 1986?

List down the Major Amendments

under Consumer Protection Act 2019.

A consumer is someone who purchases goods for personal use only—not for resale or other
business purposes. Additionally, the client retains services for payment.

The term “consumer” has been defined in Section 2 (1) (d) of the Consumer Protection Act, 1986
as: “any person who buys any goods for consideration or hires/avails any services for consideration”.
The Consumer Protection Act of 1986, as revised in August 2019, safeguards consumer interests and
aims to settle their disputes.

The following modifications were made because of the 2019 Consumer Protection Act's passage:

 Where the amount of the commodities, services, or products paid as consideration to the
seller does not exceed Rs. 50 lakhs, the District Commissions shall have the authority to hear
complaints.
 Where the value of the commodities, services, or products paid as consideration to the seller
exceeds 50 lakh rupees but does not exceed two crore rupees, state commissions shall have
the authority to hear complaints.
 When the value of the commodities, services, or products paid as consideration to the seller
surpasses two crore rupees, the National Commission shall have authority to hear
complaints.
 According to the Act, every complaint involving a consumer dispute must be resolved as
quickly as feasible. If the complaint does not need analysis or testing of the products and
services, it must be resolved within three months of the day the opposing party receives
notice. If such analysis or testing is necessary, the complaint must be resolved within five
months.
 The 2019 Consumer Protection Act also makes it easier for customers to submit complaints
online. For customers to access the appropriate consumer forums in the event of a
disagreement, the Central Government established the E-Daakhil Portal, which offers them a
simple, quick, and affordable service.
 Direct selling and e-commerce are covered under the Act.
 The Consumer Protection Act, 2019, establishes mechanisms for mediation and alternative
dispute resolution to enable the parties to easily resolve the disagreement without having to
engage in protracted legal proceedings.
 The Consumer Protection Act of 2019 includes three new unfair trade practices along with
rules for product liability and unfair contracts. The previous Act, in comparison, only listed
six categories of unfair commercial practices.
 The advisory body for the promotion and defense of consumer rights is the Act of 2019.
 Selection committees are not permitted under the Consumer Protection Act of 2019, as the
Central Government is authorized to designate the members.

Comment if the following are Consumers under CPA, 1986?

    Family members along with the head of family going for dinner – YES
    Registration by a person for IGL Piped Gas line - YES
      Child Purchases a Barbie Doll.   Father consents for the purchase. -YES 
      Purchase of a Car by Mr. Y which is resold to Mr. Z. – NO

 Differentiate between Bills of Exchange and Promissory Notes under Negotiable Instruments Act,
1881. You may draw a sample specimen of B/E and PN to illustrate.

Particulars Bill of Exchange Promissory Note

A promissory note is an
A bill of exchange contains
instrument in writing
an order from the creditor to
containing an unconditional
Meaning the debtor to pay a specified
undertaking, signed by the
amount to a person
maker to pay a certain sum
mentioned therein.
of money.

Negotiable Bill of Exchange defined Promissory Note defined

Instrument under section 5 of under section 4 of
Act Negotiable Instrument Act. Negotiable Instrument Act.

There may be three parties

There are only two parties
Parties i.e. the drawer, the acceptor
i.e. Maker and Payee
and the payee.

Drawn by It is drawn by the creditor It is drawn by the debtor

The liability of a drawer of The liability of the maker of a

Liability bill of exchange is secondary promissory note is primary
and conditional. and absolute.

Promissory Note does not

Bill of Exchange requires an
Acceptance require any acceptance by
acceptance by the drawee.
the drawee.

A single copy is prepared,

One copy is prepared in all
Copies except in case of foreign
cases.
bills. (3 copies are made)

Notice in In case of dishonour of bill of In case of dishonour of

case of exchange either due to non- promissory note, notice of
dishonour payment or non-payment or dishonour to maker is not
 non-acceptance, notice
must be given to all person necessary.
liable to pay.

Stamping is necessary for a Stamping is necessary for

Stamps bill of exchange except for promissory notes without
“bills payable on demand”. any exceptions.

A bill of exchange can be so

Payable to drawn provided it is not A promissory note cannot be
bearer payable to bearer on made payable to a bearer.
demand.

In the case of bill of

In a promissory note, the
Payable to exchange, the drawer and
maker cannot pay to
maker the payee may be one
himself.
person.