Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Oral Communication
in Context
SECOND QUARTER
MODULE 1 / LESSON 12
Speech Writing Process
https://www.pmgservices.com/communicating-at-work/
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any
work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government
agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such
work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition
the payment of royalty.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from
their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim
ownership over them.
Published by the Department of Education – Division of Cagayan de Oro City Schools
Division Superintendent: Cherry Mae L. Limbaco, PhD,CESO V
Development Team of the Module
Writer/s: Maurita M. Donasco, Francis Jay M. Damit,
Catherine P. Estrella, Patricia Ann D. Madaje
Management Team
Chairperson: Cherry Mae L. Limbaco, PhD, CESO V
Schools Division Superintendent
2ND QUARTER:
Types of Speech Delivery............................................................................................................1-4
Public speaking situations............................................................................................................1-4
Principles of Effective Writing ........................................................................................................5
Speech Writing process................................................................................................................6
Audience Profile ................................................................................................................7
Logical Organization …....................................................................................................8-9
Duration .......................................................................................................................... 10
Word Choice ................................................................................................................... 10
Grammatical Correctness ............................................................................................................
11
Spelling............................................................................................................................. 11
Punctuation....................................................................................................................... 11
Grammar........................................................................................................................... 11
Style…………………………………………………………………………………………….... 11
Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………… 11
Body of speech………………………………………………………………………………….. 11
Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………………..
11
Example/Illustration .......................................................................................................................12
Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………… 12
Body of Speech………………………………………………………………………………… 12
Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………… 12
Guidelines in Speech Writing ...................................................................................................12-13
Editing/Revising.........................................................................................................................13
Edit for Clarity…………………………………………………………………………………. 13
Edit for Concision……………………………………………………………………………… 13
Edit for Continuity…………………………………………………………………………….. 13
Edit for Variety………………………………………………………………………………… 13
Edit for impact and beauty…………………………………………………………………… 13
Post Test..................................................................................................................................14-19
What I can do...........................................................................................................................20-24
Summary………………………………………………………………………………………………. 25
References……………………………………………………………………………………………. 26
WHAT THIS MODULE IS ABOUT
“WE sense that ‘normal’ isn’t coming back, that we are being born
into a new normal: a new kind of society, a new relationship to the earth, a
new experience of being human.” — Charles Eisenstein
BEFORE the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), we
prefix what we say with “the 21st century.” We used to say or write “21st
century teaching, 21st century learning, 21st century knowledge and skills,”
defining these as the 21st century competencies — critical thinking,
communication, collaboration and creativity. However, with the coronavirus
pandemic, we have a new catchword — the new normal. The Oxford
Dictionary defines catchword as “a briefly popular or fashionable word or
phrase used to encapsulate a particular concept.” So, what is the concept
embracing the new normal? The American Dictionary defines new normal
as “a previously unfamiliar or atypical situation that has become standard,
usual, or expected.” Dr. Henry Chan wrote on May 10, 2020 in The Manila
Times, “Telecommuting represents a new paradigm in office work or any
work related. If remote work becomes more common after the Covid-19
pandemic, just like giving out modules to the learners. This module entails
to impart the equilibrium of communication in which learners will achieve
responsibly, discipline and patience through answering and understanding
the given modules without teacher’s presence in order to develop
independent learning skills, creative problem solving strategies, lifelong
learning skills and a sense of responsibility while responding their thoughts
in dealing situational that practice them to be a writer.
Learning in the new normal. Blended learning is not wholly new.
Teaching and learning platforms vary from any other different learners.
Philippines-wise, we have available on-line and modular Educational
platforms. That is why, this lesson will visualize and ignite learners to utilize
various academic activities including situational examples and innovative
ideas in exercising their thoughts. In lieu with speech writing process
learners are prepared them to be equipped and give its epitome of each
areas in managing speech writing progression.
III
WHAT I KNOW
Activity 1: “Get to know how you react”
Learning Objectives:
Directions: Read and analyze the short story given by answering the questions based on the given
guidelines below. Choose one story that relates your experience.
General guidelines:
1. Roam around your house and look for an area which you are comfortable to reflect on.
Look for some quiet area in which concentration are always present.
2. Think through on how will you write your own speech and how will you respond.
Process:
You have a part time job at a store that sells Camping and Hiking supplies. When you aren’t
helping customers you work in a small shred office, tracking inventory. Your co-worker is a neat curiosity
and you are not. For the last couple of weeks, when you go to help a customer, your co-worker cleans
up your desk and the space around it. You have trouble finding the things he puts away and it is
frustrating to have to look for them before you can start working when you return to the office.
STORY 2
You are leaving in a couple of days to go to a tournament in another barangay. The Person you
will be rooming with while you are there likes music that you really don’t like. You have shared a room
with her before and know that she also like to play it without using headphones. You have decided you
will have discussion with her so you don’t have to put up with her music the whole time.
STORY 3
A few of your team mates pick on the person who looks after the team’s equipment. He has
speech impediment and they make fun of him, when he tries to talk to them. Neither you, nor the rest
of your teammates support the behavior, but no one has said anything.
STORY 4
You are team of 4 in your group during Immersion day. You were tasked to do the following:
Clean and mop the floors, windows, wash the dishes and frying pans. Fix every corner of the classroom
and make sure it is order before leaving the Home Economic Laboratory. You noticed three of your
group directly rushed to go home after knowing it rained hard. So, the emptying of trash and tidying the
plates used aren’t in place. And now, you are concerned for the whole team for the consequences will
happen after.
SCRIPT 1
IV
LESSON
PRINCIPLES OF
1 EFFECTIVE WRITING
4
2.1 PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE WRITING
Directions: Tick the column that determines how often you practice what
the statements says. Do this as objectively as possible. Bear in mind that
there are no wrong answers.
14.2 PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE WRITING
WHAT’S NEW?
2.1.1 THE SPEECH WRITING PROCESS
Just like events planning, or any other activities, writing an
effective speech follows certain steps or processes. The process for
writing is not chronological or linear; rather, it is recursive. That
means you have the opportunity to repeat a writing procedure
indefinitely, or produce multiple drafts first before you can settle on
the right one. Figure 1 shows the schematic diagram.
WHAT IS IT?
AUDIENCE PROFILE
• Audience analysis entails looking into the profile of your target
audience. This is done so you can tailor-fit your speech content and
delivery to your audience. The profile includes the following
information.
Demography (age range, male-female ratio, educational
background and affiliations or degree program taken,
nationality, economic status, academic or corporate
designations)
Situation (time, venue, occasion, and size)
Psychology (values, beliefs, attitudes, preferences,
cultural and racial ideologies, and needs)
LOGICAL ORGANIZATION
DURATION
HOW LONG SHOULD YOUR SPEECH BE?
(From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E-ezFqSqOPo)
WORD CHOICE
Your purpose is to make your audience see what you saw, hear
what you heard, feel what you felt. Relevant detail, couched in
concrete, colorful language, is the best way to recreate the
incident as it happened and to picture it for the audience. ~
Dale Carnegie
GRAMMATICAL CORRECTNESS
EXAMPLE/ILLUSTRATION:
Q Edit for clarity. “I don’t understand the message because the examples
or supporting details were confusing.” Make all ideas in your speech clear
by arranging them in logical order (e.g., main idea first then supporting
details, or supporting details first then main idea).
Q Edit for concision. “The speech was all over the place; the speaker
kept talking endlessly as if no one was listening to him/her.” Keep your
speech short, simple, and clear by eliminating unrelated stories and
sentences and by using simple words.
Q Edit for continuity. “The speech was too difficult to follow; I was lost in
the middle.” Keep the flow of your presentation smooth by adding transition
words and phrases.
Q Edit for variety. “I didn’t enjoy the speech because it was boring.” Add
spice to your speech by shifting tone and style from formal to
conversational and vice-versa, moving around the stage, or adding humor.
Q Edit for impact and beauty. “There’s nothing really special about the
speech.”
Directions: Write the letter of the best answer before the number.
28. When the participants have feelings of unhappiness, but these are accompanied by
a sense of relief, they are in the ____________________.
a. stagnating
b. intensifying
c. experimenting
d. circumscribing
29. When people express their ideas, attitudes, and values to see how the other person
will react, they are in the ________________________.
a. stagnating
b. intensifying
c. experimenting
d. circumscribing
30. When couples believe it is better to stay away from points of conflict in the
relationship in order to avoid a full-scale fight, they are in the ___________________.
a. stagnating
b. intensifying
c. experimenting
d. circumscribing
31. Nathalie and Judy have been college roommates for three years. Their relationship
has reached the ____________________.
a. stagnating
b. intensifying
c. experimenting
d. circumscribing
32. When couples do most things together and reflect about their common experiences,
they have reached the _________________
a. stagnating
b. intensifying
c. experimenting
d. circumscribing
33. A complaint is an expression of dissatisfaction with a(n) _________________.
a. behavior, attitude, or belief
b. attitude
c. tradition
d. learning environment
34. Which of the following is an example of a frozen speech style?
a. Panatang Makabayan
b. The President’s SONA
c. A commencement speech
d. Opening remarks
35. A commercial for non-fat milk is addressed to the consumer’s need to be healthy
and to maintain a beautiful body is an example of _________.
a. logical appeal
b. personal appeal
c. psychological appeal
d. sociological appeal
36. Oral communication is the interchange of _____________ between the sender and
receiver.
a. cues and clues
b. written messages
c. verbal messages
d. signs and gestureS
37. Body talk is also known as:
a. physical communication
b. leakage
c. noise
d. overflow
38. The foremost barrier to oral communication is:
a. poor listening
b. interestedness
c. humility
d. concentration
39. The effectiveness of oral communication depends on the speaker’s ability to use:
a. simple language
b. complex words
c. foreign words
d. long sentences
40. To convert a message into groups of words, symbols, gestures, or sounds that
present ideas or concepts is called:
a. encoding
b. feedback
c. noise
d. media richness
41. Manuals and policy statements are referred to as:
a. upward communication
b. horizontal communication
c. downward communication
d. none of the above
42. Which of the following is not a potential problem (barrier) to personal
communications?
a. credibility of the sender
b. personal makeup of the parties involved
c. some individuals tend to be disorganized
d. none of the above (all are potential problems)
43. ______________ is the process by which the receiver interprets the symbols used
by the source of the message by converting them into concepts and ideas.
a. decoding
b. listing
c. encoding
d. none of the above
44. Noise is not a problem at which stage of the communication process?
a . source
b. receiver
c. decoding
d. none of the above (noise is a problem at all stages)
45. The _____________ is the individual or group that develops the message to be
communicated to internal and external parties.
a. source
b. encoder
c. decoder
d. jargon
Speech
Speech Title: May Fifteen Edited/Revised Version Editing
Principle
May 15 of this year, I woke
up with a happy heart. I
thought to myself, “when I
reach 50 years old, 60 or
beyond, I will look back to
this day and smile.” Then, I
paid attention to my college
graduation picture, framed
on a 4x6 decorative wood
edging emblazoned with
beautiful memories. I
reached for it, and held it
closely, and uttered, “10
years, and I think you did a
pretty good job!” I slowly put
it back to the side table, off
to my working station
across my sliding window to
fulfill one in my daily
routine: journal writing.
Then, I started: Dear
journal, “In my 10 years as
a member of the noblest
profession in the universe, I
have encountered several
influential, inspiring and
fabulous people. So, today,
as a tribute, I’m going to
write about them, starting
off with my top three
favorites”. To begin with, I
did not like my first pick.
She was someone who
would always, always
disagree with my ideas and
decisions. I remember one
time while I asked her to
sign my college admission
papers, she was infuriated
because of my choice
because I ticked Mass
Communications as my
priority. It was a very long
battle of verbal argument.
As expected, I did not win.
Another, I came home from
school sharing I would want
to extract the tooth of my
lab partner without an
anesthesia because he’s
irresponsible and ridiculous.
Instead of letting me vent
and giving me a back rub,
she defended the behavior
of my lab partner saying,
“He must have a bad day.
You have to understand.”
Precisely, she’s a devil’s
advocate.
But, I have loved her. In
fact, I have been playing as
a devil’s advocate since
college. I think it’s important
to see a situation from
different perspectives. In
that sense, I can think
critically and make
reasonable decisions. In the
academic context, I employ
it as a strategy to make my
students be effective
communicators, critical and
creative thinkers, service-
driven citizens, and
reflective life-long learners
through exposing them to
several relevant activities. I
learned this from her, from
someone I know a devil’s
advocate. However, she left
me. And for once, it broke
my heart. If United Kingdom
has the late Margaret
Thatcher, and China has
Wu Yi, I have a friend, too,
an Iron Lady who is my
second choice. And, I’m
lucky to have known her.
Coined by Russian
journalist Captain Yuri
Gavrilov in 1976, the iron
metaphor is used to
describe a lady who is
“strong-willed”.
Strongwilled, that’s a
perfect word that describes
my friend. I was in grade six
back then when I witnessed
the misery that happened to
her family. I knew how it felt
though I was still younger.
Their business went
bankrupt; her husband was
hospitalized fighting against
death; and, she was falling
downward spiral. But, she
did not let go. She stood her
ground, fought back, and
turned every tragedy into
triumph. That’s why she’s
an Iron Lady to me. Being
strong-willed and turning
tragedy into triumph are
lessons which I learned
from my Iron Lady friend.
Had I not applied these
lessons to my personal and
professional life, I would
have lost my sanity and
remained miserable.
However, she left me. And
for the second time, it broke
my heart. Of course, we all
have heard the story about
a university professor who
sought a Japanese master
for enlightenment about his
questions on Zen. The
master served the professor
with tea, poured the cup full,
and kept on pouring. The
professor suddenly said, “It
is overflowing”. The master
replied, “You are like this
cup. I cannot show you Zen
unless you empty your cup.”
I first learned this story from
my third choice, i.e., my
teacher who I used to call
master. That was supposed
to be a lifechanging tale for
me because I was very
stubborn and unreceptive
back then. But, my master
taught me to be more open
with new perspectives and
continue to seek
inspirations from other
people who I can call
masters, too, and to absorb
and just filter later. As Bruce
Lee said, “Absorb what is
useful.” Hopefully, after I
have taken everything in, I
will have evolved into a
better educator, just like my
master and ultimately, a
better creative person. I
want to reach that “zen
point”, where everything is
intuitive and instinctive,
where teaching and I are
one (like the samurai and
the sword are one), where I
can see beyond what my
eyes tell me as what
swordsman Miyamoto
Musashi said. Yes, I am
aware of the dangers of
having too many masters.
But mixed martial arts
taught us that we can learn
different fighting styles from
different masters, and
eventually, evolve into a
well-rounded warrior. I
guess the secret lies in
keeping an open mind. I
learned that from my
master. So, I just make sure
that when I meet other
people and listen to their
stories, I go with an empty
cup. Nevertheless, she left
me. Again, it broke my
heart. Right after I signed
on my journal entry, I heard
euphonous voices of these
three personalities fused
into one calling my name. It
was my mom. She came in
to my room with two pieces
of cake each shaped with
letters P and J enough to be
carried by her hands. The
letters are initials of my first
name- Philippe John.
Planted on the edge of each
cake were five tiny well-lit
candles. I stood from my
post, grabbed the pieces
from my mom’s shaky
hands, and put them on my
desk. Then, I hugged her. It
was one of the tightest hugs
I had given her. And, she
told me, “You’re now a
decade young teacher. Way
to go, my love, and I
promise I will not leave you
anymore. Never.” I couldn’t
thank her more. May 15 of
this year, I woke up with a
happy heart. And, again. I
thought to myself, “when I
reach 50 years old, 60 or
beyond, I will look back to
this day again and again
and again.”
SUMMARY
1. Understanding the basics and building of a strong foundation which
focuses on the basic principles of communication will enable students
to position themselves more confidently in various communicative
functions, making them more effective and responsible
communicators.
2. Communication is broadly defined as the imparting and exchanging
of information.
3. There are five functions of communication
a. Control
b. Social Interaction
c. Motivation
d. Emotional Expression
e. Information Dissemination
4. These elements of communication are: Speaker, Message, Encoding,
Channel, Decoding, Receiver, Feedback, Context and Barrier.
5. There are at least four type of speech context: Intrapersonal,
Interpersonal, Public and Mass Communication.
6. The following are the types of speeches:
a. Manuscript Speech
b. Memorized Speech
c. Impromptu Speech
d. Extemporaneous Speech
e. Entertainment Speech
f. Informative Speech
g. Persuasive Speech
7. There are at least seven Communication Strategies that must be
used to start and maintain a conversation. Such as: Nomination,
Restriction, Turn-taking, Topic Control, Topic Shifting, Repair and
Termination.
8. The components of speech writing process are the following:
a. Audience Profile
b. Logical Organization
c. Duration
d. Word Choice
e. Grammatical Correctness
9. The principles of Speech Delivery are the following:
a. Articulation
b. Modulation
c. Stage Presence
d. Facial Expressions
e. Gestures and Movements
f. Rapport with the Audience
10. Ultimately, this learning module aims to instill a lasting
commitment to lifelong learning and critical thinking despite the
difficult situation brought forth by the pandemic encouraging students
to be more accountable and responsible of their one’s own learning.
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