JI;

o_
. emen t .of the
. ed in part,·a1 fulfillment ofrequ1r
Subm1tt f
Degree o

.B ACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

IN

CMLENGINEERING

BY )
NWANIYA(E N16CE301098
NIKHIL SO EN16CE301102)
NITIN
PRA VEENSHARMA ( (EN16CE301118)
TRIPATHI
Under the Guidance of
MR DEEPAK JAIN
(ASSISTANT PROFESSOR)

Know/edge Is

DE1-JI.; , f MENT OF ClVJL ENGJNEERING

(FACULTY OF ENGINEERING)

MEDI-CAPs UNIVERSITY, INDORE. 453331

<NOVEMBER 2019)
 ANALYSIS OF COMPRESSIVE STRENTH OF M-30 GRAD~
-
---CONCRETE BY REPLACING RIVER SAND WITH M-SAND
A Minor Project ReJ!.ort
Submitted in partial fulfillment of requirement of the
Degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
CML ENGINEERING
BY
NIKHIL SONWANIYA (EN16CE301098)
NITIN SHARMA (EN16CE301102)
PRAVEEN TRIPATHI (EN16CE301118)
Under the Guidance of
MR. DEEPAK JAIN
(ASSISTANT PRO~R)
'
:::-, ...-
....,l _;
-
=
~ ~ is .?tw!!r
DE.PART:\IL'\1 OF rnn..I . . . ' i ~ G
lFACrl.TYOF L'iGV-~G)
MEDI-CAPS 1.VNn"ERSII'Y. ~:RE- ..&53331
{XO\ "E...mn:.R ltlJ}
......
 study of an engineeringsubject carried out and presented in a manner satisfactory
to warrant its acceptance as prerequisite for the Degree for which it has been

submitted.

It is to be understood that by this approval the undersigned do not endorse or

approved any statement made, opinion expressed, or conclusion drawn there in;
but approve the "Project Report" only for the purpose for which it has been

submitted.

Ext iner
}itto.-.<611
Name
Name Designation

Designation Affiliation

Affiliation

:ff
 DECLARATION

1/We hereby declare that the project entitled "Analysis of Compressive Strength
of M-30 Grade Concrete By Replacing River Sand With M-Sand"
submittedin partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of Bachelor of
Technology in 'Civil Engineering' completed under the supervision of Mr.
Deepak Jain, Assistant Professor, Department Of Civil Eogioeering,Medi-
Caps University, Indore is an authentic work.

Further I/we declare that the content of this Project work. in full or in parts, have
, h rce nor have been submitted to any other
neither been taken from any ot er dsouf any degree or diploma.
.
0
Institute or University for the awar

Nikhil sonwaoiya (EN16CE301098)

..........
.. ·········

(EN16CE301102)
Nitin Shar1t1a

(}_~ ....................
······~
. h' (EN16CE301118)
n 1r1pat •
pravee
 CERTIFICATE

I,Mr.Deepak Jaincertify that the project entitled "Analysis of Compressive

Strength of M-30 Grade Concrete by Replacing River Sand With M-Sand"
submittedin partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of Bachelor of
Technology by Nikhil Sonwaniya (EN16CE301098), Nitin Sharma
(EN16CE301102), Praveen Tripathi (EN16CE301118)istherecordcarried out
by him/them under my/our guidance and that the work has not formed the basis
of award of any other degree elsewhere.

~ -'\~ -
Dr. Ramakant Agrawal
Mr. Deepak Jain
Head of the Department
Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
Department of Civil Engineering
Medi-Caps University, Indore
Medi-Caps University, Indore
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to express my deepest gratitude to Hon'ble Chancellor, Shri RC

Mittal, who has provided me with every facility to successfully carry out this
project, and my profound indebtedness to Prof. (Dr.) Sunil K Somani,Hon'ble
Vice Chancellor, Medi-Caps University, whose unfailing support and enthusiasm
has always boosted up my morale. I also thank Prof. (Dr.) DK Panda, Dean,
Faculty of Engineering, Medi-Caps University, for giving me a chance to work
on this project. We would also like to thank my Head of the
DepartmentProf.(Dr.) R. K. Agrawal for hiscontinuous encouragement for
betterment of the project.

We would also like to thank Mr. Deepak Jain for his continuous guidance and
support at each point during the working of the project work.

It . th . h d rt due to which we became able to complete the design

ts etr eIp an suppo ,
and technical report.
. Id not have been possible.
W1thout their support this report wou

Nikhil Sonwaniya (EN16CE301098)

Nitin Sharma (EN16CE301102)

Praveen Tripathi (EN16CE30lllS)

13,Tech. IV year

Department of Civil Engineering

Facuity of Engineering

~edi-Caps University, Indore

V
 ABSTRACT

In this project we repl ace natural river sand with Manufactured sand (tvl- Sand).
We design M-30 grade concrete according to the different test perform on all
material and make block and check their compressive strength in 7days, 14 days
and 28 days. We made the block of different proportion of 0% ,25%,75 %,and
100% of l'vl-s~nd wi th re spect to River sand .

Efforts have been made in the concrete industry to use manu fa ctured sa nd as
partial repl a cement of coarse or fine aggregates and cement. In this study, fin e ly
manufactured sand is used as a paitial replacement of river sand in concrete and
compared it with conventional concrete. This work examines the possibility of
using M- sand as a pmti al repl acement of natural ri ver s<1nd fo r new co ncrete.
l'v""""Llt~ t . I .d p"i·t i· ail y 1·e1)l c1 ced as 0% 25S/o 7 5% 10 C1/o a nd tested fo:·
ln ,. .i C U l e L S311 "\V c1:::,
' •
its · th to 2 Scbys of ao-e and were compnrcd with those of
com p re ss ive streng up 0

cc nvcnticn::i l c oncretefrom the resu lts obtained.

Keywords: -Manufactured Sand (M-Sand), Compressive Strength, Concrete,

Natural sand (River Sand), Cement.

 Table of Contents

Page No.
Report Approval
ii
Declaration
iii
Certificate
iv
Acknowledgement
V
Abstract
vi
T a ble of Contents
VJ!

List of figures
VIII

List of tables
Ix
Abbreviations X

Notations & Symbols XI

Chapter 1 Introduction 1-7

- 1.1 Introduction 1

- 1.2 Manufactured sand

--
2
1.3 Need for Manufactured s~nd 3

-
1.4 Market name for Nfanufoctured sand 14
1.5 Difference betweeil l'vianufactured sand 4-S

r--- 1.6 Manufacturing Process 5-7

Chapter 2 Literature review
r----_ 8- 16

-----
-----
2.1 Objectives
2.2 Basic knowledge of Materials
12

13

r---- 2.3 Ingredients of concrete mix

-----
13

2.4 Cement 13

:---- 2 .5 Aggregate 14

r-----_ 2 .6 Water 15

2 .7 Manufactured sand 15-16

1apter 3 17-30
Methodology
r------_ 3.1 General 17

3.2 Tests on materials 17-24

1. Silt Content of sand

2. Specific Gravity

--------
3 . Sieve Analysis of Aggregate
3.3 Concrete Mix Design 24 -26

-------- vii
:::;:

- 3.4 Method of Mix Design 26-27

3.5 Test on Hardened Concrete 27
3.6 Compression Strength Test 28-30

Chapter 4 Result and Conclusion 31-32

Chapter 5 Future scope 33

References 34-35

viii
 LIST OF FIGURES

Fig. Name Page. No.

1. Testing for sieve analysis 23

2. C asting o f cubes 28
3. Water absorbing in 28 days 28
4. Prepare th e mould and cubes 28
5. Testing of cubes for determining comp. strength 29
6. Reading 30
7. Cubes in failure condition 30

ix
 LIST OF TABLES

Table no. Name Pg. no.

Table 1 Chemical Properties of Cement 12

Table 2 Results of specific gravity on material 17

Table 3 Sieve Analysis of Natural sand 19

Table 4 Sieve Analysis of Manufacture sand 20

Table 5 Sieve Analysis of Coarse Aggregate 2I

Table 6 Mix f ·roportion 22

Table 7 Fine Aggregate water absorption and specific gravity 23

Table 8 Coarse Aggregate water absorption and specific g r:.wity 23

Table 9 Manufactured sand water absorption and specific g ravity 23

Table 10 Final selection for quantity and ratio 25

Table 11 Test Results of Compressive Strength 29

X
 ABBREVIATION

NO.-Number
Pg. -page
Hon'ble - honorable
IS Code- Indian Standard Code
2
N/mm - Newton Per millimeter square
2
KN/m - Kilo Newton per meter square
i.e - that is
cm - centimeter
M-sand- Manufactured sand
PPC - Portland Pozzolana Cement
µ - Micro-Meter
PP. - Paper number
Vol. -volume
W;c - Water Cement Ratio

xi
 NOTATION & SYMBOLS

M30 - Minimum Com p ressive Strength of 30 Mpa in 28 days.

% _ percentage
Wl -Weight of empty flask
W2- Weight of F lask + Material

W3- Weight of flask+ M a teri al+ Water

W4- Weight of flask+ Water

GK - Specific Gravity of Kerosene

Ge - Specific Gravity of Cement

xii
QIAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION

This chapter contains the general information about manufactured sand,its

origin, need of manufactured in construction. It also includes the exact meaning
of manufactured sand, crushed dust, process of manufacturing by various
machinery.

Natural sands are weathered and worn out particles of rocks and are of various
grades or size depending on the accounting of wearing. The main natural and
cheapest resource of sand is river. Dams are constructed on every river hence
these resources are erasing very fast. Now a day's good sand is not readily
available, it should be transported from long distance. Those resources are also
exhausting very rapidly.

Sand is the one of main constituents of concrete making which is o.bout 35% of
Volume of concrete used in construction industry. Natural sand is mainly
excavated from river beds and always contain high percentage of in organic
lhaterials, chlorides, sulphates, silt and clay that adversely affect the strength,
durability of concrete & reinforcing steel there by reducing the life of structure,
When concrete is used for buildings in aggressive environments, marine
stru ctures, nuclear structures, tunnels, precast umts,
· e t.c. F.me particles
· below
600
lllicrons must be at least 30 % to 50% for .making concrete will give good
results. Normally these particles are not present in river sand up to required
quantity. Digging sand, from river bed in excess quantity is hazardous to
env·tronment Th d · h ·
e eep p1•ts dug in the nver bed, afiects t e g1ound water level .
'C'.
--r-- •
the I b . . d
f, sand in the mortar does not add any strengt 1 ut it is use as an adulterant
. or economy and with the same it prevents the shrinkage and cracking of mortar
~: Setting. :rhe sand must be of proper gradation (it should ~ave particles from
Oµ to 4 •75 mm 1n
. proper proportion). When fine particles are in prop er

1
 th
proportion, e sand will have less voids. The cement required Will be less when
there will be less void in sand. Such sand will be more economical. Only sand
manufactured by V.S.I. Crusher is cubical and angular in shape. Sand made by
other types of machines is flaky, which is troublesome in working. There is no
plasticity in the mortar. Hence the mason are not ready to work with machine
made crushed stone sand. For the same reason inferior river sand may be used.
Manufacturing sand from jaw crusher, cone crusher, roll crusher often contains
high percentage of dust and have flaky particle. Flaky and angular particles may
produce harsh concrete, and may result in spongy concrete. There is standard
specification for Fine aggregates (Sand). It is divided in Four gradations.
Generally known as Zone I, Zone II, Zone III and Zone IV. There is sieve
Designation for each griide. Gradation is made as per the use of the sand. V.S. I
can produce any zone of sand. But in case of natural sand quality varies from
location to location without any control.

LI Manufactured sand

lVlanufactured san d 1s
"i . defime d as a purpose made crushed fine aggregate
Produced from a suitable source 111aterial • Production generally involves
C
rushing, Screening and possi'bl Y was hino~• separation into discrete fractions,
recombining and blending.

f\t the beginning manufactured san d Produced (by Jaw crusher,. cone crusher,
roll crusher hammer mill) contams
. .fl akY and elongated
. particles.
. But . now
ltlanut 'd d . duced from V. S·1 (vertical shaft impactor) 1s .a suitable
.
and v·acture
bl san. pro iver sand an d could be effectively used 1n makmg
•a e subslitute to r
Concrete Which provides adequate strength an
d durability for the concrete.
. .

l-Iav·1 . • tively provi'd es good bonding 111 concrete. Gradmg

ng cubical shape, 1t effec d . required zone of s~nd can be
Of ntrolle i.e
rnanufactured sand can be co d d with zero tines. As it doesn 't
Obt ainect.
· Manufactured sa nd can be pro uce

2
co Fig: ITEST1NG FOR SIEVE ANALYSIS

•.
ARSE AGGREGATE
c me crushed annular granite metal of average size of 40mm is used as
The mach·
aggregate. It should be free from impurities such as dust. clay particles
oarse ,
0 tc matter etc the fine and coarse aggregate are tested for various properties
•hoWn
showu in t a ble. The grading or particle
· stze
· d"1strt"but"10n of coarse aggregate
an close to average size of 40mm as per JS:383-1970 and details of sieve
alysis are shown in table 3.
Table 5 Sieve anaJysis for coarse aggregate: wt. taken~ I 0kg
Wt o/o ofwt cumulative Cumulative
%of
9/oofwt
retained passing
retained retained
llo.
on each
0
sieve 0
8olllrn. 0 0
0 0
40ni.rn 0 60.40%
0 39.60%
ioni.rn 39.6%
1.980

21
 Table l0Quantity of Ingredients
Water Cement Fine Coarse
aggregate aggregate

180 360 793.261 1085.77

2.20 3.01
Ratio 0.5 1

l,4 TEST ON HARDENED CONCRETE

The cast specimens were tested on their respective schedules of testing. Cubes
were tested for compression in compression testing machine. The concrete
cubes for M30 grade concrete with different percentages of replacement with
M-Sand for 28 days have been tested for compression strength.

~-'e·· (;CJ\s
'\ b"ng in 28 days
lING CUBESFig: 3 Water .Absor •

25
j,>

Fig: 7CUBE IN F;\ILuiu: coND(TION

28
---
CJ1APTER-4

~ULT AND CONCLUSION

URESULT
Table 11 Test Results of Compressive Strength

28 Days Strength
Mix
Combination N/mnl

32.25
0% M-sand
36.67
25% M-sand
26.66
75% M-sand
38.07

100% M-sand
--
4.2 CONCLUSION . has been found that natural fine aggregate
t result it
• From the above tes
can be replaced b"J 1ooo/o. .
pressive strength value is increase with
corn
d that the
• It is observe nd (except 75%).
increase .In quantitY of tv1-sa ath we get at I00% rep\ acement of M-sand.
·ve stre 11 t:>
• Th< ma•• 0 C rnpress1 . ,rength we get at 75% replacement ol_M-sand.
essive s
• The rn1n- · cornPr ganic 1111punt1es
. · · hence it gives increase st.rcngth of
. no or
tv1-saT1 d contain e ceinent content.
• jtli sarn . .
coricr not harm the environment in anyv,i'IY &no wastage since
d does ' '
• r,.,1-san adY sieve in the required size (below 4_7Sn1in)-
d iS aIre
~n d is econoin1ca . I as compare to natural river san d.
r,.,1-san
•

29
cHAPTER-5
---
-
FUTURE SCOPE OF WORK
• Replacing natural sand with different % of manufactured sand so
that clear variation of strength can be plotted as well as optimum

amount can also be determined.

• Conducting investigation for M40,M50 and also for high strength

concrete.
• Conducting chloride penetration test and water absorption test and
. ·ete to ensure adequate durabrllty.
water absorption tests on conc1
d " d must be ascertained . for
• Suitability of manufacture san

plastP-ring.
r I
REFERANCES
George, Jino John,P.N. Magudeshwaran and R.Thenmozhi
2008 "Replacement of river sand using manufactured sand and quarry
dust in cement concrete".
A Jayaraman, "Experimental study on partial replacement of Natural
sand with M-sand and cement with lime stone powder" JJCRGG
VOL.06,NO.2,PP 948-954, APRIL- JUNE 2014
Y.Boopathi and J.Doraikkannan, "Study on M-sand as a partial
replacement of fine aggregate m concrete" IJARTET
VOL.0 3,SPECIAL ISSUE 2, MARCH-2016
. P'leois
I i,,
Diane Gardner and Robert lark, "An investioation
' o' •
.mto the use of Manufactured sand as a 100% Replacement for fine
. ncrete" CARDIFF UNIVERSITY, JUNE-20lG
aggregate m co , .
"partial replacement ot cement usmg red mud in SCC"
Minu Varghese,
L 06 ISSUE 5, MAY-2017
IJIRSET VO . ' .
T Anusha H S, Bhargav1 S P, Syed Zabiulla
I( mar B ' ·,
Halesh u1\1 "Replacement of fine aggregate by M-sand" IJSTE
Prakash ' JUNE-2017
3 issVE 12,
,VOL.0 , h N,Shiva Sankar Reddy, "performance of high
p ashant' .
P.Naga r artially replacing fine aggregate with manufactured
oncrete- p ,
strengtb c yOL,04, ISSUE ll,NOV-2017
sand" $lll: or, fJ!askaran, "Strength analysis on concrete with M-
K suseela an placement of fi ate" IJCIET VOL.OS,
· rtial re ne aggreg
sand as a pa EJVIOER-2017, Pp 583-592
1ssVE 12' oEC f Fchx
. Jtniln , ·
. Kala p
' · Ash:, & ·
s Eh1vcn1·1 •'PI·ope1·ti·es
Afuralil(rIS manufactured sa11c1 a f~ ggregnte" l,ICRGG ,
• 15 ing , s me n
f concrete t pP 94 - 100, 20ts
o NO· 03'
yOL· 11,