BUILDING SERVICES

ECM346
TRADITIONAL
TITLE OF EXPERIMENT:ILLUMINATION-TYPE OF LIGHTING
GROUP:EC1104P
GROUP MEMBERS:WAN MUHAMMAD AZIM BIN WAN SAPIANSORI
(2020877226)
MOHAMMAD SYAFIQ BIN ABDULLAH
(2020894014)
AHMAD SYAMIM BIN AHMAD NASIR
(2020469278)
NURUL NAJWA BINTI JAMALUDDIN
(2020611008)
LECTURER:DR.HAMIZAH BINTI MOKHTAR
1.1 INTRODUCTION
The traditional methods of conducting laboratory activities (assigned as Level
0) will not be able to provide the avenue for students to enhance
independent learning activities and inculcate creativity and innovation. The
traditional method is fully prescriptive where the three elements namely
problem, ways & means and answers are provided/fully given to the students.
However, it is still necessary to be implemented as part of the whole
laboratory course activity specially to first- and second-year students.
In this laboratory activity students will be introduced to the concept, principles
and the mechanism of lighting equipment.
1.2 OBJECTIVE
The objective of this laboratory session is To study the basic concepts and
principles in lighting and to apply the knowledge while familiar with the
equipment and their operation of lighting.
1.3 LEARNING OUTCOME
At the end of the laboratory activities, students would be able to:
1)Understand the basic concepts and principles in lighting.
2)Apply the knowledge and familiar with the equipment and their
operation of lighting.

1.4 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

Lighting or illumination is the deliberate use of light to achieve a practical or
aesthetic effect. Lighting includes the use of both artificial light sources like
lamps and light fixtures, as well as natural illumination by capturing daylight.
Daylighting (using windows, skylights, or light shelves) is sometimes used as
the main source of light during daytime in buildings. This can save energy in
place of using artificial lighting, which represents a major component of energy
consumption in buildings. Proper lighting can enhance task performance,
improve the appearance of an area, or have positive psychological effects on
occupants.
Indoor lighting is usually accomplished using light fixtures and is a key part of
interior design. Lighting can also be an intrinsic component of landscape
projects. Lighting fixtures come in a wide variety of styles for various functions.
The most important functions are as a holder for the light source, to provide
directed light and to avoid visual glare. Some are very plain and functional,
while some are pieces of art in themselves. Nearly any material can be used, so
long as it can tolerate the excess heat and is in keeping with safety codes.
An important property of light fixtures is the luminous efficacy or wall-plug
efficiency, meaning the amount of usable light emanating from the fixture per
used energy, usually measured in lumen per watt. A fixture using replaceable
light sources can also have its efficiency quoted as the percentage of light
passed from the "bulb" to the surroundings. The more transparent the lighting
fixture is, the higher efficacy. Shading the light will normally decrease efficacy
but increase the directionality and the visual comfort probability. Lighting is
classified by intended use as general, accent, or task lighting, depending largely
on the distribution of the light produced by the fixture.
PROBLEM STATEMENT
As we know, the lighting is the one of the components which very important in
our day life. Without lighting, there are many problems will be occurred and
make our days more difficult. You are required to observe the lighting
equipment in the laboratory and find out the lighting types, its design, its
function, and its applications in human activities nowadays.
3.1 APPARATUS
Fluorescent light, light bulb, LED, dimmer, timer, sensor
3.2 PROCEDUR
1) Prepare yourself for a site visit within the surrounding area of the
laboratory.
2) Lighting equipment to be observed.

3) Types of lighting, fluorescent light, light bulb, LED, dimmer and timer

and sensor is tabulated

3.3 DATA ACQUISITION
The lighting equipment in the laboratory is observed and the lighting types,
design, function, and its applications are obtained from internet, books,
magazines, and journals.
4.0 DISCUSSION
Name of picture Detail/ advantages
lamps description

Fluorescen Use fluorescence The lights

t bulb To produce do not give
visible light off heat

This Photo by Unknown Author is

light licensed under CC BY-SA Emits light  Instant
emitting directionally Lighting and
diode(LED) instead of 360 the Ability
bulb degrees. to
Withstand
Frequent
Switching

This Photo by Unknown Author is

licensed under CC BY-SA
Electronic Argon is a Up to 25%
type bulb commonly used less energy
gas, used to fill than
incandescent traditional
light bulb. light bulb

This Photo by Unknown Author is

licensed under CC BY-SA
Compact use a tube that Have good
fluorescen is curved or lumen
t light folded to fit into maintenanc
bulb the space of an e
incandescent
bulb, and a
compact
electronic
ballast in the
base of the
lamp.

Name of picture Design/application advantages

controller

Dimmer By changing the voltage help you control the

waveform applied to electricity flow
switches the lamp, it is possible across various
to lower the intensity lighting sources of
of the light output. your home.

Two ways gang often used on a stair

case, large room with
switch switches by each door.

One way gang Normal on/off switch

used in common house
switch such as