BALL GAMES/ SPORTS
Discipline
WHAT IS SPORTS?
• Sport is defined as any activity that involves
physical exertion and skill where an individual
or team competes against each other for
entertainment or rewards. It usually comprises
all forms of competitive physical activities or
games where through organized or casual
participation, the participants aim to use,
maintain, or improve their physical ability for
enjoyment, entertainment, or rewards.
BENEFITS OF SPORTS
1. Social Benefits-Being part of a team for
sports like football, basketball, or soccer helps
you to mingle with your teammates during
practice matches and competitions as well.
2. Health Benefits
a. Strength, endurance, and flexibility
b. Aerobic fitness for heart and lungs
c. Sleep
d. Weight management
e. Control blood pressure and cholesterol
f. Improved immune system
3. Psychological benefits and mental health
a. Beats stress, anxiety, and depression
b. Improves focus and concentration
c. Self-discipline
d. Sportsmanship
e. Self-confidence and Leadership
f. Competitiveness
BENEFITS OF SPORTS FOR STUDENTS
1. Health
2. Self-confidence and self-esteem
3. Teamwork
4. Leadership
5. Social Skills
6.
7. Brainpower
8. Career and passion
9. Improved energy levels
10. Managing emotions
POSSIBLE SIMILARITIES BETWEEN PE AND SPORTS
• both involve in physical activities.
• prevent some common ailments and health
complications including obesity and diabetes
• great components of reducing stress, anxiety,
depression, and improving one’s self-esteem.
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PE AND SPORTS
1. Classification- A sport is classified as an activity that
requires physical prowess or skills, and often of some
competitive nature such as tennis, bowling, racing, and
boxing while physical education is classified as a training
in a bid to develop and care for the human body.
2. Rules- For a sport to take place, there are set rules
that must be followed. They govern the way it
progresses and determine the results if it is a
competitive one. Physical education on its part does not
require any rules or standards.
3. Conditions- A sport requires physical skills to
play while physical education is a free engagement as
the intended results are varied.
4. Purpose- A sport is mainly for entertainment or
competitive needs. In the latter, it ends with rewards
after accomplishments. Physical education, on the other
hand, is essential for body development as well as for
health and fitness promotion.
5. Mode- The basic skills of physical education are
acquired during a child’s schooling years and are taught
using linear pedagogy. Sport relies on non-linear
pedagogy where it is entirely focused on a player rather
than the activity itself since they already have the
basics.
HOW CAN SPORTS CAN BENEFIT YOUR CHILD?
1. Self-confidence and self-esteem- Several studies
suggest playing sports develops a child’s self-confidence
and self-esteem. A pat on the back, high-five from a
teammate, or handshake after a match really boosts a
child’s confidence. Words of praise and encouragement
from the coach, parents and other players raise the self-
esteem.
2. Manage Emotions- We know how emotions run high
in sports – whether watching a sport or playing it.
Channeling negative emotions can be tough for children
and a good coach will help them realize how negative
emotional stress could hurt their performance. Such
wisdom ingrained earlier on in life will help them deal
with other life challenges later on.
3. Discipline- Every sport requires some mental,
physical and tactical discipline. Following rules, obeying
the coach, practicing restraint, etc. are all forms of
discipline children learn through sports. Discipline
enables people to reach their full potential and realize
their goals – a trait prevalent in all successful people.
4. Social skills- Kids playing sports learn to interact not
only with kids their age, but also with the older and
younger players on the team, the coach, sports
authorities, etc. They also develop a sense of belonging
and get an opportunity to make new friends. These
communication and social skills help them in their
future relationships and careers.
5. Patience- Practice plays a large role in improving
performance in any sport or activity. ‘Practice makes
you perfect’ but guess what practice and perfection
need? Patience. Athletics teach kids how to keep
practicing and be patient in order to see the results.
6. Perseverance- Just like patience and practice, sports
also need perseverance and dedication. There are highs
and lows during practice sessions and matches. Kids
learn to power through and persevere even during the
bad times, thus becoming more resilient. Practicing
perseverance at a young age gives them better coping
skills and critical thinking skills to face bigger adversities
in the future.
7. Accept defeat- In sports, just like in life, one cannot
win all the time. Playing a sport teaches children this
truth early on in life. Therefore, children learn how to
accept defeat and lose graciously. They learn how not
to get disheartened and to get back up and try again. It
also teaches them about healthy competition.
8. Teamwork- “There’s no I in team”. Children learn
that the team cannot win unless they all work together
and play to each other’s strengths. They also learn how
to become less selfish and not let ego get the best of
them. Working together is an important trait in today’s
life and learning how to do so early on helps kids
become better team players in professional life.
9. Respect Authority- Following a set of rules, accepting
decisions and taking direction is a big part of playing any
sport. Through playing a game, children learn how to
respect coaches, referees, peers and other elders.
10. Leadership Skills- Becoming captain or aspiring to
become one, naturally teaches children how to become
good leaders – how to talk to other teammates, manage
team emotions, take one for the team, etc. They also
put these skills to use outside the pitch or court making
them good leaders that others want to follow.
11. Lifelong Habits- Sports teaches children to take care
of their bodies through proper food choices and
stretching. It also instils such fitness habits in them that
they carry forward into adulthood, keeping any health
problem at bay.
_____ _________________________
BASKETBALL
WHAT IS BASKETBALL?
 Basketball is one of the most popular and most
viewed sports today
 Team sport played by two teams of five (5)
players on a rectangular court.
 The objective is to shoot a ball through a hoop
or ring attached to a backboard
HISTORY OF BASKETBALL
James Naismith
(November 6, 1861– November 28, 1939)
-was a Canadian-American physical educator,
physician, chaplain, sports coach and innovator.
-He invented the game in December 1891 at
Springfield, Massachusetts.
-one of the most successful programs in the game's
history.

 The sport is aimed at organizing a recreation for

indoor winter play.

 The game was played by nine (9) players with

two teams.

- The First Ball that was used (Soccer Ball)

- The First Hoop or Ring used were wooden peach
baskets
 In 1897-1898 (5) members per team became
standard and the sport spread nationwide.
FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT
The Playing Court: It is a flat hard surfaced free from
obstructions with the dimensions of 28m in length and
15m in width.

The Ball: It is spherical inflated ball used in the game of

basketball with the standard size of 75-75.88 cm in
diameter (more like 9 inches)

The Ring/Basket: It is the steel rim of 18 inches in

Point Guard: This is the player that acts as the general
manager for offense.
Shooting Guard: Responsible to take long range shots
with high percentage of them getting it in, mostly, he
has the most points in the team.
diameter with a net attached to it and is affixed to a
backboard.
BASIC SKILLS OF BASKETBALL
Shooting: is the act of making an attempt to throw the
ball to the basket to earn points.

Small Forward: must be a very flexible player. He must Passing: is the act of transferring the ball positions to a
have the enough height to penetrate through teammate using hand snap.
opponents and do near-basket shots.

Power Forward: Responsible for rebounding and

blocking opponents from the inside the basket giving
open spaces for his teammates to penetrate. Usually
they are bigger players that can block incoming shots
near the basket.

Center: He is usually the tallest and biggest player in the

team. He is expected to do near-court shots, can do
rebounds and can block shots from the inside.
KINDS OF PASSING

_______________ ________________

OFFICIALS AND OFFICIATING IN BASKETBALL

What is the importance of having an officiating official

in a game?

- As in most sporting competitions, basketball employs

officials in order to control the flow of the game and
enforce the rules.

OFFICIATING STAFF – position will depend on how

regulated the game will be

Minimum number is FIVE (5)

-Referee

-Umpire

-Scorer

-Timer

-Shot-clock Operator
Rebounding: the act of successfully gaining the Referee:
positions of the ball after a missed shot or missed free
throw.  Before the game, inspect the equipment.

Dribbling: is an important attacking skill done by  In-charge of jump ball and warm up.
tapping of the ball with your fingers (not with your  During the game, determine the calls,
palm) in just one hand. violations, fouls, and misconduct.

 Approving the final score

Table Officials:

 Record of line up.

 Record the score.

 Accomplish the score sheet.

  Determine the possession of the ball. - Elbowing
- Pushing
 Signal if there is time out and substitution.
- Holding
 Keep track of the statistic of the players
Addition hand signals
 In-charge of time keeping.
1. 1 point, 2 points, 3 points
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN FOUL AND VIOLATION
2. Stop time for violation.
Violations occurs when the player breaks one of the
3. Stop time for foul.
rules of Basketball. A violation results in the awarding
of the ball to the opponents. 4. Time out

Foul is an illegal action that can be committed by player 5. Substitution

from one team against a player from the opposing
____________________________
team.
BADMINTON
RULES AND REGULATIONS
 Badminton is a racket sport that is played on a
 The team with the highest score after the
court divided by a net 5 feet high.
regulation period wins the game.
 The game is played with a shuttlecock
 Four (4) quarters.
(“birdie”).
Pro - 12minutes each quarter.
 Can be played as singles or doubles.
Amateur - 10minutes each quarter
 The object of the game is to hit the shuttlecock
 Five (5) team fouls for quarter before Penalty. over the net so that eventually the opponent is
unable to return the shot.
 Penalty- Free throw for every foul.
 Badminton originated in India in the mid-
Time Violations
1800’s.
 3 seconds violations
 Its popularity increased when English army
 5 seconds violations officers stationed in India transported the game
to England.
 8 seconds violations
 In England it was called “badmintin”.
 24 seconds violations
 Eventually it spread to the United States.
Violations
Safety
 Travelling
1. Make sure to always have a firm grip on the
 Kicking racket.
 Double dribble 2. Be careful not to hit your partner with the
 Backcourt violation racket.

Fouls 3. Stay on your own court.

1. Offensive foul/Charging foul 4. Stop playing if others enter your court.

2. Defensive fouls 5. If your bird goes into another court, wait until
their play stops.
- Blocking
- Hand check 6. Be careful and aware of your surroundings
(poles, walls, etc.)
 7. The rackets are not toys, so no fooling around.
Equipment
 Rackets are fragile.
 Avoid hitting the floor, walls, posts,
nets, and other people.
 Handle the shuttlecocks carefully and only by
their rubber tips.
 If birds get stuck in the net remove
them carefully so that they don’t tear.
 If your assigned racket is damaged report it to
your teacher at the beginning of class.
 If you don’t, you are held responsible
for the damage and will be fined.
 Make sure to return your racket to its
numbered spot and bring all the birdies back to
the teacher.
Techniques
 Serve – long or short
 Forehand
 For right handed players: A stroke hit
when the shuttle is on the right side of
the body.
 For left handed players: A stroke hit
when the shuttle is on the left side of
the body.
 Round the head – An overhead stroke played
on the left or backhand side of the body.
 Smash – A hard hit overhand stroke with a fast
downward path.
 It is a main attacking stroke.
 Drive – A powerfully hit forehand or backhand
stroke which just clears the top of the net.
 Difficult to return due to the shuttle’s
straight line trajectory.
 Clear – A stroke which sends the shuttle high
over the opponents head and drops near the
backcourt boundary line.
 It may be hit with and overhand or
underhand stroke.
 Can be used as offensive or defensive
play.
 Drop Shot – The shuttle is stroked over the net
so it drops very close to the net.
Scoring
 The game is played up to 21 points
 Points are scored only by the serving side.
 A point is rewarded to the serving side
whenever the other side commits a fault.
 If a fault is committed by the serving
side, the server does not score a point
and loses the serve.
Scoring continued
Singles
 There are 21 points in a singles game.
 When the score is 20-20 the winner is the
player with a 2 point advantage.
 If the score goes up to 29-29 the winner is the
first to reach 30.
Serving
Singles
 A player can only score while serving.
 Each time they score a point, they switch
service courts.
 Whenever a players score is zero or an even
number, they serve from the right side service
court.
 When the server’s score is an odd number they
serve from the left side service court.
Serving Rules
 The server must keep both feet within the
service court during the serve.
 The serve must be underhand and the shuttle
must be contacted below the waist.
 The shuttle must be hit in front of the body.
  The server may not serve until the receiver is
ready.

 During a serve, the partner of the server and

receiver may stand anywhere as long as they
don’t obstruct the opponents view.

 A serve that touches the net and goes into the

proper service area is legal.

 If the server misses the shuttle entirely on the

serve, it is not a fault and they can serve again.

 If any part of the racket touches the shuttle it is

considered a serve and is a fault.

 The server should announce the score before

each serve.

 If a single player is playing a doubles team, the

single player is allowed two terms of service.

General Rules

 Winners of the first game must serve first in the

next game.

 Teams change sides after each game.

 Any shuttle landing on the lines are IN.

 During a rally, if the shuttle touches the net and

goes over it is good.

Strategy

 Put your opponent on the defensive.

 Hit the bird so that your opponents only

possible return is an upward direction.

 Hit the shuttle with an overhand stroke

whenever possible.

 Use the smash if possible.

 Play to your opponent’s weakness.

 Use a variety of shots and keep your opponent

moving.

 Recover your own court position quickly.