P.

E (2ND SEM – 3RD QRT)

SPORTS
• - An activity that requires physical actions and skills where individuals or
teams compete under a set of rules.
• Sport (or sports) is all forms of usually competitive physical activity which,
through casual or organized participation, aim to use, maintain or improve
physical ability and skills while providing entertainment to participants, and in
some cases, spectators.

IMPORTANCE OF SPORTS
 Sport is as old as humanity itself. It’s kept societies fit and healthy while
building strong communities and boosting morale. In this modern world of
iPhones and laptops, the importance of sports is more relevant than ever.
Competitive physical exercise doesn’t only motivate children and adults to get
outside and keep fit but it also instills important values.

 For many people, sport is taken for granted. It’s something that exists in the
background but isn’t considered particularly valuable. Maybe it’s seen as a bit
of fun on the weekend but ultimately, not all that important. This couldn’t be
further from the truth. Sport matters and the importance of sports need to be
more widely discussed. Without it, many aspects of modern society will
crumble.

 From health and happiness to education and society, sport matters.

Promoting sports, inspiring young athletes, and increasing healthy competition
will help individuals and communities to flourish. Here’s a complete guide
outlining the benefits and importance of sports.

HEALTH BENEFITS OF SPORTS

 Improved cardiovascular health.

 Lowers risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes
 Helps manage weight.
 Control cholesterol.
 Ward off osteoporosis.
 Strengthens immune system.
 Improved sleep.
 Mental health benefits.
 Prolonged life.
 Reduced blood pressure
 Enhanced aerobic fitness.
 Improved muscular strength and endurance.
 Improved joint flexibility and range of motion.
 Stress relief
 Lowers risk of certain types of cancer.

NEUROLOGICAL BENEFITS
  In terms of physical changes in the brain, sport releases dopamine and
serotonin. As a result, your risk of depression is reduced by up to 30%! These
so-called happiness chemicals are essential for a stable and positive mood.
Any form of exercise stimulates their production but sport seems to do so
more effectively, especially when you score a goal or win a game.

PSYCHOLOGICAL BENEFITS
 It’s not just depression that’s reduced when you try sports. Through releasing
tension and increasing mental energy, you’ll likely find that your anxiety levels
are lowered as well. Part of this comes from the feeling of being in the zone;
that almost meditative state when you’re completely grounded in the present
and focused on the task at hand.

SOCIAL SKILLS
 For many people in the modern world, social interaction is lacking. Sport could
be you’re way into making friends and reaping all the benefits that come with
that. Outside of physical health, relationships are the most important
foundation of happiness. Team sports are particularly good for building social
prowess. Whether you’re a socially awkward adult or want your child to
improve their interpersonal skills, team games are one of the best tools for
achieving this.

Importance of Sport in Education

 BUILDING FRIENDSHIP AMONG PUPILS
- Kids in schools need to be able to get along with their fellow pupils. They’ll spend
years of their lives with the same people, confined to classrooms, and cooperating
on group tasks.

 HEALTHY KIDS ARE BETTER LEARNERS

- Physical exercise boosts mental energy, memory retention, and concentration. As a
result, children who get a few minutes of exercise each day perform better in the
classroom. They’re less likely to get distracted and will take in information more
quickly.

 IMPROVING PROBLEM SOLVING SKILLS

- In addition to healthy children performing better at school, athletic children are great
problem solvers. That’s essentially what a sports game is! Kids must find a way to
outwit the opposition to win the match. For the duration of the game, players are
solving problems.

 INSTILLING CORE VALUES

- Sport teaches values that are essential to daily life. Respect for the opposition is
needed when entering the grown-up world of politics or having disagreements with a
romantic partner.

The Role of Sport in Society

- Towns require their own sense of identity in the same way that members of a state
or nation feel a sense of belonging and connection. Sports teams help to create this
identity. From their colors to the mascots and cheerleaders, communities are bonded
over their shared commitment to a particular sport. In international events, there’s a
sense of unity as countries come together to back their team on the world stage.
This can lead to a wave of optimism, for instance during the Women’s Soccer World
Cup 2019 when the USA team was victorious. Women’s soccer may not be a major
event in the USA but many felt incredible pride watching their team win.

TYPES OF SPORTS
 INDIVIDUAL - are played by one participant on each competing team

 DUAL - are played by two competing pairs

 TEAM - are played by three or more players
 COMBATIVE - is a full contact competition between two contestants.

What does one need to know in playing sports?

- History
- Equipment and Gear
- Rules of the Game
- Court Dimension / Venue
- Technical and tactical skills
- Officiating

Technical and Tactical Skills in Playing Sports

 TECHNICAL - These are basic or fundamental skills needed to play the
game.
Examples of Technical Skills:
Basketball
• Dribbling
• Passing
• Shooting
Volleyball
• Ball reception
• Attacking/Spiking
• Setting

 TACTICAL - These are the decision-making skills or strategies used in

different situations during the game
Examples of Tactical Skills:
A basic example is the use of quick pass and movement against a taller but
slower opponent in basketball

Five steps in teaching Tactical Skills

 Distinguishing the important decision
 Establishing essential knowledge for athletes
 Recognizing the signals in situations
 Giving appropriate tactical options
 Planning a Practice Game

PLANNING A PRACTICE GAME

1. Preparation/Planning
• Date, time and duration of training/practice
 • Objective/Goals
• Equipment needed during training/practice

2. Training Proper
• Warm-up/Stretching
• Teaching new skills/practice previously taught skills
• Scrimmage/Practice game
• Cool down/assessment

CHOOSING A SPORT
Some of the considerations that will guide an individual in their choice of sports
include:
1. Weather extremities (hot or cold) for an outdoor sports activity.
2. Enjoyment derived from the activity.
3. Previous activities tried and enjoyed.
4. Financial capacity or budget.
5. State of health and level of fitness. Demand of physical activity may be
excessive for the body, having a conditioning is recommended.
6. Other alternative activities that will give motivation.

What are the health-related and skill- related fitness in sports/physical

activity ?
HEALTH - RELATED PHYSICAL FITNESS
- are the aerobic capacity, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility,
and body composition of an individual

SKILL – RELATED PHYSICAL FITNESS

- sometimes called sports fitness or motor fitness.

One of the factors that influence skill-related performance is heredity; however, most
fitness skills can be developed and improved.

Skill-Related Fitness Components

 Agility - the ability to quickly change direction and control the position of the
body while maintaining a constant, rapid motion.
 Speed - the ability to move your body or body parts quickly.
 Balance - the ability to control or stabilize the body whether a person is
standing still or moving.
 Power - the ability to move parts of the body swiftly while applying the
maximum force of the muscles.
 Coordination - the ability to use the senses together with body parts during
movement.
 Reaction Time - ability to react or respond quickly to an external stimulus

BADMINTON
- Badminton is a racquet sport played by either two opposing players (singles) or two
opposing pairs (doubles), who take positions on opposite halves of a rectangular
court that is divided by a net. Players score points by striking a shuttlecock with their
racquet so that it passes over the net and lands in their opponents' half of the court.
Each side may only strike the shuttlecock once before it passes over the net. A rally
ends once the shuttlecock has struck the floor.

HISTORY
Badminton, court or lawn game played with lightweight rackets and a shuttlecock.

Historically, the shuttlecock (also known as a “bird” or “birdie”) was a small cork
hemisphere with 16 goose feathers attached and weighing about 0.17 ounce (5
grams). These types of shuttles may still be used in modern play, but shuttles made
from synthetic materials are also allowed by the Badminton World Federation.
The game is named for Badminton, the country estate of the dukes of Beaufort in
Gloucestershire, England, where it was first played about 1873. The roots of the
sport can be traced to ancient Greece, China, and India, and it is closely related to
the old children’s game battledore and shuttlecock.
Badminton is derived directly from poona, which was played by British army officers
stationed in India in the 1860s. The first unofficial all-England badminton
championships for men were held in 1899, and the first badminton tournament for
women was arranged the next year.

The Badminton World Federation (BWF; originally the International Badminton

Federation), the world governing body of the sport, was formed in 1934. Badminton
is also popular in Malaysia, Indonesia, Japan, and Denmark. The BWF’s first world
championships were held in 1977.

A number of regional, national, and zonal badminton tournaments are held in several
countries. The best-known of these is the All-England Championships.

Other well-known international

tournaments include the Thomas Cup (donated 1939) for men’s team competition
and the Uber Cup (donated 1956) for women’s team competition.

Badminton first appeared in the Olympic Games as a demonstration sport in 1972

and as an exhibition sport in 1988. At the 1992 Games it became a full-medal
Olympic sport, with competition for men’s and women’s singles (one against one)
and doubles (two against two). Mixed doubles was introduced at the 1996 Games.

Competitive badminton is usually played indoors because even light winds affect
the course of the shuttlecock.

Recreational badminton, on the other hand, is a popular outdoor summertime

activity.

Nature of the Game

Badminton is played as a singles or doubles game with one or two players on a side.
The objectof the game is to hit the shuttlecock or “bird” back and forth with a racket
across a net five feet
high at its center.
The bird should be hit with such speed and accura7cy that the opponent is
unable to return the shot successfully. The game can either be fast or slow paced,
depending on the skill level of the players.
Equipment
RACKET - A racket is a piece of sports equipment which has a handled frame and
an open hoop where the strings are tightly constructed. A badminton racket must be
lightweight and weigh less than 100g when used. The racket’s frame can consist out
of carbon fiber, ceramic, aluminum, or steel. Your racket shouldn’t exceed 680mm in
length and 230mm in width.

SHUTTLECOCK - A shuttlecock ( shuttle, birdie ) is a high-drag projectile, with an

open conical shape: the cone is formed from sixteen overlapping feathers embedded
into a rounded cork base. The cork is covered with thin leather or synthetic material.

Facilities
Court
Net

Game Rules/Scoring
Players
1. Singles – one player on a side.
2. Doubles – two players on a side.
3. Mixed Doubles – one male and one female partner opposing a male and female
opponent.
• Men’s singles
• Women’s singles
• Men’s doubles
• Women’s doubles
• Mixed doubles (each team is a man and a woman)

Scoring

1. Rally scoring allows for a point to be won by either team regardless of which team
is serving.
2. Both singles and doubles games are won with 21 points.
3. The side winning a rally adds a point to their score.
4. At 20 all, the side that gains a 2 point lead first, wins that game.
5. At 29 all, the side scoring the 30th point wins that game.
6. In the third game of singles and doubles, players change sides when a side
scores 11 points.
7. A match is won by winning two out of three games.

Badminton Grip
 FOREHAND GRIP
- with the racket head perpendicular to the floor, shake hands with the grip so the “V”
formed by the thumb and forefinger is on the top of the handle.

 BACKHAND GRIP
- using a forehand grip, rotate the hand slightly so the thumb is along and parallel to
the wide side of the handle.

Skills and Techniques

 Skill
- It is a action that we use in an activity.
e.g. service, clear shot, etc.

 Technique
- It is the way in which a skill is performed. e.g. high/low service, smash or jump
smash, etc.

Describing a Skill
Trying to describe a skill is often easier when you look at it in 3 parts:
1. Preparation
2. Action
3. Recovery

Basic Stroke, Shots and Service

 STROKE
1. Forehand (dominant side of the body)
2. Backhand (non-dominant side of the body)
SHOTS
1. Clear
2. Drop
3. Hairpin/Net Return
4. Smash
5. Drive

SERVICE
1. High Serve
2. Low Serve

TABLE TENNIS
- Table tennis, also called (trademark) Ping-Pong, ball game similar in principle to
lawn tennis and played on a flat table divided into two equal courts by a net fixed
across its width at the middle.

- The object is to hit the ball so that it goes over the net and bounces on the
opponent’s half of the table in such a way that the opponent cannot reach it or return
it correctly. The lightweight hollow ball is propelled back and forth across the net by
small rackets (bats, or paddles) held by the players. The game is popular all over the
world. In most countries it is very highly organized as a competitive sport, especially
in Europe and Asia, particularly in China and Japan.

HISTORY
Table Tennis is a relatively new sport. It was first conceived by a British officer in
1881. He used a dining table and filed a set of books at the middle of the table. He
knitted web into a cork ball from wine bottle and used cigar boxes cover as a racket.
In 1901, the game was also known as “whiff- whaff”, “flim-fam” and “gossima” which
were the trade names of balls given by the Jacques and son, Parker brothers who
are the manufacturers of sporting goods. Later, the game was named “ping- pong”,
derived from the sound made by the ball when it hits the racket and table.
In 1903, Arnold Parker, a champion table tennis player formulated the first law in
table tennis. The game lost its popularity in 1904 because the cost of the racket and
the ball went high. When it regained its popularity in 1922, different national
associations were formed in 1926, one of which was the International Table Tennis
Federation (ITTF) which was established in Berlin. Its main objective was to
formulate laws in table tennis, and sees to it that the game is played as a contest for
human skills,, and the constant change in the equipment are being disseminated and
strictly followed by all. Table Tennis became the number one racket game in China,
Japan And United States. Early years of international competitions were dominated
by European countries and is the major sport in England, Hungary and
Czechoslovakia. In the Philippines, it also fast becoming a popular sport. It is now
included as one of the events in athletic sports meets.

FACILITIES & EQUIPMENT

 TABLE
The table is rectangular, 9 feet by 5 feet (2.7 meters by 1.5 metros), its upper surface
a level plane 30 inches (76 cm) above the floor. The net is 6 feet (1.8 meters) long,
and its upper edge along the whole length is 6 inches (15.25 cm) above the playing
surface.

 RACKET
A basic table tennis paddle (also known as a "racket", "club", or "bat") is used by
table tennis players. The table tennis paddle is usually made from laminated wood
covered with rubber on one or two sides depending on the player's grip.

 BALL
The international rules specify that the game is played with a sphere having a mass
of 2.7 grams (0.095 oz) and a diameter of 40 mm (1.57 in). Balls are now made of a
polymer instead of celluloid as of 2015, colored white or orange, with a matte finish.

2 KINDS OF GRIP
 PENHOLD
- This is similar to holding a pen between the thumb and forefinger. The
forefinger and thumb reach over the shoulders of the blade, with the other
fingers spread over the back. Only one side of the racket is used for both
forehand and backhand shots.

 SHAKEHAND
- This is popularly used worldwide. Grasps the racket as if to shake hands with
it. It gives you the best forehand and backhand.

RACKET ANGLES
 CLOSED
 OPEN

Service
- For the serve to be legal, your opponent needs to be able to see the ball
throughout the service action. This means you have to keep the ball above the
table, on an open palm. As you toss the ball, it falls and you contact it, you can't
put any part of your body in the way to obscure the view of your opponent.
 4 BASIC TABLE TENNIS STROKES

 FOREHAND DRIVE
 BACKHAND DRIVE
 FOREHAND PUSH
 BACKHAND PUSH

Official Rules of Table Tennis

1. GAMES ARE PLAYED TO 11 POINTS
2. ALTERNATE SERVES EVERY TWO POINTS Each side of the table
alternates serving two points at a time. EXCEPTION: After tied 10-10
(“deuce”), service alternates at every point. Can you lose on a serve in ping
pong? Yes! There is no separate rule for serving on Game Point.
3. TOSS THE BALL STRAIGHT UP WHEN SERVING
4. THE SERVE CAN LAND ANYWHERE IN SINGLES
5. DOUBLES SERVES MUST GO RIGHT COURT TO RIGHT COURT
6. A SERVE THAT TOUCHES THE NET ON THE WAY OVER IS A “LET”
7. ALTERNATE HITTING IN A DOUBLES RALLY
8. VOLLEYS ARE NOT ALLOWED
9. IF YOUR HIT BOUNCES BACK OVER THE NET BY ITSELF IT IS YOUR
POINT
10. TOUCHING THE BALL WITH YOUR PADDLE HAND IS ALLOWED
11. YOU MAY NOT TOUCH THE TABLE WITH YOUR NON-PADDLE HAND
12. AN “EDGE” BALL BOUNCING OFF THE HORIZONTAL TABLE TOP
SURFACE IS GOOD
13. HONOR SYSTEM APPLIES TO DISAGREEMENTS

ARNIS
• Arnis, also known as kali or eskrima, refers to a category of Filipino martial
arts that emphasizes the use of weapons – whether it be fighting sticks,
blades or improvised weapons.
• The sport also includes hand to hand combat, grappling, joint locks and
weapon disarming techniques.
• Practitioners of the sport are called arnisador (male athletes) and arnisadora
(female athletes). Arnis is a combat sport to defend oneself from attacks using
hand to hand combat, grappling, weapon disarming in weapon-based fights.
• Arnis was developed by the indigenous populations of the Philippines, who
used an assorted range of weaponry for combat and self-defense.
Encompassing both simple impact and edged weapons, arnis traditionally
involved rattan, swords, daggers and spears.
• In 1521, equipped with nothing more than bladed weapons and their fearsome
arnis abilities, Filipino islanders defeated Ferdinand Magellan’s armored,
musket-bearing Spanish conquistador forces when they tried to invade.

HISTORY
• When the Spanish eventually returned and successfully conquered parts of
the Philippines, the traditions of Arnis were preserved, despite its prohibition,
in the forms of ritual dance, performance and mock battles. While earlier
Filipino martial arts were influenced by Spanish colonization, the modern
 forms have been affected by the country’s contact with both the United States
and Japan after gaining independence in 1898.
• In 2009, Arnis eskrima was declared as the National Martial Art and Sport of
the Philippines through Republic Act 9850. The republic act states that the
official adoption of Filipino Arnis as the Philippines’ national martial art and
sport circulated by inscribing the Escrima Arnis symbol in the official
Philippine Sports Commission seal and by making it the first competition
played by participants on the very first day of the Palarong Pambansa each
year.

Two forms of Arnis

• Anyo competitions are judged on the basis of the overall choreography of the
performances, including the gracefulness, strength and force employed.
• Laban form tests participants’ agility and reactions, as competitions are
judged based on the number of strikes inflicted.

 cane or baron - varies in sizes but the original length of it is 28 inches.

Competition area
Dimensions
- The playing area is a square measuring 8.0
meters by 8.0 meters with a two (2) meters minimum free zone around it, and a clear
space without any obstruction up to a height of not less than 5 meters from the
playing surface.

Lines of the Playing Area

- All lines of the playing surface are 5.08 cm. (2inches) and must be of different color
from that of the floor and other lines previously drawn for other purposes.

Boundary Lines
- Four lines mark the boundary of the playing area. The free zone distance
measuring 2.0 meters are drawn outside of the playing area.

Referee Line
- A straight line of 1.0 meter long is drawn 2.5meters from the farthest boundary line
parallel to the official’s table.

Warning Lines
- A broken straight line is drawn one (1) meter before each boundary line to serve
as a marker before the outside zone.

Neutral Corner
- The corner of the playing area farthest to the official’s table and in between the two
(2) judges within the free zone shall be designated as the neutral corner. This shall
be the consultation area for the referee and judges.

Code of Ethics:
1. Arnis is an event that aims to bond and develop friendship and brotherhood.
2. It is never a sport to hurt and defeat the opponent but to improve the skills of
the players.
 3. It aims to develop the mind, the physique and the character of the player.
4. Arnis is played to develop the social aspect that will lead to the close bonding
of all practitioners.
5. All the practitioners respect each other. They salute each other when they
meet and from a meeting before they depart. The juniors must salute first
and maintain the position until the seniors answer their salute.
6. The juniors do not have the right to challenge to fight the seniors unless in
the program set by their association to fulfill an objective.
7. All the practitioners continue to move on as there is room for improvement or
advancement.
8. Each practitioner must share with other beginners or practitioners the
advancement attained.
9. Practitioners must desire to strengthen the Arnis family he belongs to by
sharing love, knowledge and understanding.
10. Practitioners must remember that Arnis is not a means to fight people but to
bond with them for life improvement.

FUNDAMENTAL SKILLS
1. Grip: Proper Hold of the Stick
- Hold the stick one fist away from the punyo butt) of the stick. Close the grip with the
thumb.
2. Basic Stance and Salutation
a. Handa
- Feet are positioned shoulder width apart.
- Stick is held in front of the body.
b. Pugay
- Place the weapon hand across the chest.
- Bow by bending at the waist.
c. Handa sa Paglaban/Fighting Stance
- One foot in the front (foot the same as the weapon hand), the other foot on
the rear.
- Keep feet apart, distance of one foot.
- Both knees slightly bent.
- Toes facing forward.
- Weight evenly distributed on both feet.
d. Forward Stance
- Distance of 5 steps between the feet.
- Back leg kept straight, rear foot is held at a 45 degree angle.
- Keep the front knee bent.
- Weight is evenly distributed on both feet.
e. Backward Stance
- Distance of 4 steps between the feet.
- Both knees are slightly bent.
- Rear foot held at a 90 degree angle.