MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL

EDUCATION
GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, JALGAON
(0018)

Program Name and Code : Electronic and Telecommunications

Course Name and Code : Mobile and Wireless Communication (22533)
Academic Year : 2022-23
Semester : 5th
A MICRO PROJECT
On
Identify Various Sections Of Mobile Phone And Make Model Of It.

Submitted in 2022 by the group of 4 students

Sr. Roll Enrollment

Name of student Seat No.
No. No. No.
1 52 Durvesh Rajesh Pathak 2000180080
2 56 Rohan Subhash Lad 2000180093
3 55 Vinayak Santosh Sonawane 2000180088
4 53 Sagar Subhash Jayakar 2000180082
Project Guide
V.B. Patil
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL
EDUCATION
Certificate

This is to certify that Master /Ms. D.R.P, R.S.L, V.S.S, S.S.J.

Roll No. 52,56,55,53 of 5th Semester of Diploma in Electronics and Tele-communication

of Institute, Government Polytechnic, Jalgaon (Code:0018) has completed the Micro Project
satisfactorily in the Subject Mobile And Wireless Communication for the Academic Year 2022-23
as prescribed in the curriculum.

Place: - Jalgaon Enrollment No: 2000180080, 2000180093, 2000180088, 2000180081.

Date: …………………….. Exam. Seat No:

Subject Teacher Head of the Department Principal

Seal of
Institution

INDEX
SR.N CONTENT PAGE NO.
O.

1.
Introduction

2.
Information of various sections

3.
Diagram and components of mobile phone

4.
Advantages Of Mobile Phone

5.
Disadvantages Of Mobile Phone

6.
Features of Mobile Phone

7.
Application of Mobile Phone

8.
Conclusion

9.
Reference

INTRODUCTION

A mobile phone (also known as a cellular phone, cell phone, and a hand
phone) is a device that can make and receive telephone calls over a radio
link while moving around a wide geographic area. It does so by connecting
to a cellular network provided by a mobile phone operator, allowing access
to the public telephone network. By contrast, a cordless telephone is used
only within the short range of a single, private base station.

The first hand-held cell phone was demonstrated by John F. Mitchell and
Dr. Martin Cooper of Motorola in 1973, using a handset weighing around
2.2 pounds (1 kg). In 1983, the DynaTAC 8000x was the first to be
commercially available. From 1990 to 2011, worldwide mobile phone
subscriptions grew from 12.4 million to over 6 billion, penetrating about
87% of the global population and reaching the bottom of the economic
pyramid.

The Cellular telephone (commonly "mobile phone" or "cell phone” or

“handphone”) is a long- range, portable electronic device used for mobile
communication. In addition to the standard voice function of a telephone,
current mobile phones can support many additional services such as SMS
for text messaging, email, packet switching for access to the Internet, and
MMS for sending and receiving photos and video. Most current mobile
phones connect to a cellular network of base stations (cell sites), which is
in turn interconnected to the public switched telephone network (PSTN)
(the exception is satellite phones. Cellular telephone is also defined as a
type of short- wave analog or digital telecommunication in which a
subscriber has a Mobile telephone to a relatively nearby transmitter. The
transmitter’s span of coverage is called a cell. Generally, cellular telephone
service is available in urban areas and along major highways.

As the cellular telephone user moves from one cell or area of coverage to
another, the telephone is effectively passed on to the local cell transmitter.
A cellular telephone is not to be confused with a cordless telephone (which
is simply a phone with a very short wireless connection to a local phone
outlet). A newer service similar to cellular is personal communications
services (PCS).
 HISTORY OF INDIAN TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Well Postal means of communication was the only mean communication until the year
1850, In 1850 experimental electric telegraph started for first time in India between
Calcutta (Kolkata) and Diamond Harbor (southern suburbs of Kolkata, on the banks of the
Hooghly River).

In 1851, it was opened for the use of the British East India Company. Subsequently
construction of telegraph started throughout India. A separate department was opened to
the public in 1854. Dr.William O’Shaughnessy. Who pioneered the telegraph and
telephone in India, belonged to the Public Works Department, and worked towards the
development of telecom. Calcutta or the-then Kolkata was chosen as it was the capital of
British India.

In early1881, Oriental Telephone Company Limited of England opened telephone

exchanges at Calcutta (Kolkata), Bombay (Mumbai), Madras (Chennai) and Ahmedabad.
On the 28th January 1882 the first formal telephone service was established with a total
of 93 subscribers.

From the year 1902 India drastically changes from cable telegraph to wireless telegraph,
radio telegraph, radio telephone, trunk dialing. Trunk dialing used in India for more than a
decade, were system allowed subscribers to dial calls with operator assistance. Later it
moved to digital microwave, optical fiber, satellite earth station. During British period all
major cities and towns in India were linked with telephones.

In the year 1975 Department of Telecom (DoT) was responsible for telecom services in
entire country after separation from Indian Post & Telecommunication. Decade later
Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL) was chipped out of DOT to run the telecom
services of Delhi and Mumbai. In 1990s the telecom sector was opened up by the
Government for private investment. In 1995 TRAI (Telecom Regulatory Authority of India)
was setup.
.

Mobile Communication: First mobile telephone service on noncommercial basis

started in India on 48th Independence Day at country’s capital Delhi. The first cellular
call was made in India on July 31st, 1995 over Modi Telstra’s Mobile Net GSM
network of Kolkata. Later mobile telephone services are divided into multiple zones
known as circles. Competition has caused prices to drop and calls across India are
one of the cheapest in the world.

Broadband communication: After US, Japan, India stands in third Largest Internet users of
which 40% of Internet used via mobile phones. India ranks one of the lowest providers of
broadband speed as Compared countries such as Japan, India and Norway. Minimum
Broadband speed of 256kbit/s but speed above 2Mbits is still in nascent stage.
 Information of various sections

Memory Card Section

Now mostly Micro SD Card is connected in most mobile cell phones which is connected
with micro card section through a 8 pin socket. Memory card section is made inside the
CPU. Description of these 8 pins are as follows:

MMC-Data-

2 MMC

Data

MMC CMD (Command)

VMMC / VSD (Positive Supply

Pin) MMC-CLK

GND

MMC-Dta0

MMC Data-1

2.8 Volt Power is supplied to Pin Number 4 from Power Supply for functioning of
the MMC Card and connection the 50 to 100 Kilo Ohms resistance in this power
supply. This power supply is given to Pin Numbers – 1, 2,3,7,8 of MMC Socket. One
MMC detector switch or pin is made in MMC socket at which, if there is no MMC
Card then 1.8 V power is continuously received and after the MMC is connected, it
becomes zero.
MIC Interface Section

MIC interface section is directly connected with the CPU in most mobile phones.
Working voltage (MIC Bios) (1.8 to 2.8 V) is supplied from the CPU or the Power
Supply Section for functioning of the MIC and MIC Positive and Negative Volt are
input through two SMD Capacitors.
Ear Speaker Section

In most modern mobile cell phones, in which there is a separate ear speaker, it is
directly related to the CPU. It receives sound via signals directly from the CPU or
from the audio section inbuilt within the CPU. In some mobile phones, these
sound signals are received via SMD Coil / SMD Resistance. Some mobile phones
have audio IC in the audio section. Some mobile phones have audio amplifier.
 Speaker / Ringer Section

Ringer, Buzzer or Speaker in most mobile phones are connected with the audio
amplifier IC to obtain loud sound. The amplifier IC amplifies the sound or audio signal received
from the CPU of the audio section.
Key Backlight Section

LED Lights are connected according to the parallel circuit in the key backlight
section. Anode ends of all the LEDs are connected to each other and all the
cathode ends are connected to each other. 3 to 3.3 V is supplied for the
functioning of these Key LED Lights. This power supply is given to the cathode ends
of LEDs from the ground ends. Power supply to the anode ends of LED Lights is
controlled bu using LED-Driver easily

LCD Backlight Section

LCD Backlight in mobile cell phones is made according to the series circuit. A
Boost Voltage Generator Section is built for the supply of high voltage (10 to
18V) for the functioning of the LCD LED. Boost coil, Boost Volt Driver IC,
Rectifier Diode etc. are present in this section.
Network Section

Antenna, External Antenna Socket, RX-Band Pass Filter, RF Crystal, FEM, PFO, TX-
Band Pass Filter, RF IC, CPU are connected in the Network Section. Signal received
at the antenna during the RX is given to the antenna switch or FEM through the
antenna socket where the next processing is completed by selecting a frequency
of proper band and is passed on to the RF IC through RX-Band Pass Filter. RF
Signal out from the RF IC during TX is given to the FEM or PFO to amplify the
signal. After the Band Selection Process the signal is passed through the antenna.

Battery Charging Section

Charger and system interface connector is made together in most modern mobile
cell phones. Regulator section is made separately for the battery charging section.
In some mobile phones, the battery charging section is made inside the Power IC.
Other sophisticated instruments enable scientists to detect background radiation
consists of cosmic radiation emitted from radioactive substances present.
 FM Radio Section

FM Radio Driver IC, FM Antenna, Signal and Supply Components are made in
the FM Radio Section.

Battery Charging Section

Bluetooth Antenna, Bluetooth RF Signal Filter, Bluetooth Driver IC, Supply and Signal
Components are made in this section. The Bluetooth sections functions like the Network
Section. RF-CLK signal is given to the Bluetooth driver IC during signal processing
Set Power ON

Power IC, CPU (UCP), Flash IC, RF-CLK, Crystal, RF-IF, PWR Ket etc
components are present this section. Battery positive supply is given to the
power IC and connecting the battery (3.7V) from 2.87 to 3.0 Power ON Volts
are received at one tip of the Power Key. Supply is given to the CPU, Flash IC,
RF-CLK, Generator Section (RF Crystal, RF IC) by which the mobile phone gets
switched ON.

Hands-free / Earphone Section

Mainly hands free jack, hands free MIC, speaker signal component and hands
free audio amplifier are present in this section. Hands free symbol is
displayed after connection the Handsfree jack.
Diagram of Components Inside a Mobile Phone
How Cell Phones Work

On a “complexity per cubic inch” scale, cell phones are some of the most intricate
devices people use on a daily basis. Modern digital cell phones can process
millions of calculations per second in order to compress and decompress the voice
stream.

If you take a basic digital cell phone apart, you find that it contains just a few individual
parts:

A circuit board containing the brains of the

phone an antenna

A liquid crystal display (LCD)

A keyboard (not unlike the one you find in a TV remote

control) A microphone

speaker

battery

Inside a digital cell phone, you’ll find a circuit board, battery, speaker and
more. Look inside a digital cell phone with photos and explanations of each
part.

Inside a digital cell phone, you’ll find a circuit board, battery, speaker and
more. Look inside a digital cell phone with photos and explanations of each
part.
CONCLUSION

Cell phones have brought on a whole new age of technology and

they do make life more convenient in terms of communication.

REFRENCE

From Textbooks and Links Below:-

www.electronicshub.com