Vector Mechanics for Engineers Statics 12th Solution 5장

lOMoARcPSD|14112407
Engr 242 text book solution Ch 5
Statics (Concordia University)
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CHAPTER 5
Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written
consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
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PROBLEM 5.1
Locate the centroid of the plane area shown.
SOLUTION
Dimensions in mm
A, mm 2 x , mm y , mm xA, mm 3 yA, mm 3
1 6300 105 15 0.66150 106 0.094500 106
2 9000 225 150 2.0250 106 1.35000 106
 15300 2.6865 106 1.44450 106
 xA 2.6865 106
Then X  X  175.6 mm ◀
A 15300
 yA 1.44450 106
Y  Y  94.4 mm ◀
A 15300
559
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PROBLEM 5.2
SOLUTION
Dimensions in in.
A, in.2 x , in. y , in. xA, in.3 yA, in.3
1
1 12 15  90 8 5 720 450
2
2 2115  315 22.5 7.5 7087.5 2362.5
 405.00 7807.5 2812.5
 xA 7807.5
Then X  X  19.28 in. ◀
A 405.00
 yA 2812.5
Y  Y  6.94 in. ◀
A 405.00
560
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PROBLEM 5.3
SOLUTION
Area 1: Rectangle 120 mm by 100 mm
Area 2: Triangle b = 60 mm, h = 120 mm
A, mm 2 x , mm y , mm x A,mm 3 y A,mm 3
3 5 6
1 12x10 60 110 7.2x10 1.32x10
3 5 5
2 3.6x10 40 40 1.44x10 1.44x10
3 5 6
 15.6x10 8.64x10 1.464x10
XA x A
X (15.6 103 mm 2 )  8.64 105 mm 3 X  55.4 mm ◀
Y Ay A
Y (15.6 103 mm 2 )  1.464 106 mm 3 Y  93.8 mm ◀
561
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PROBLEM 5.4
SOLUTION
Area 1: Triangle b = 60 mm, h = 75 mm.
Area 2: Four triangles b = 60 mm, h = 75 mm forming the diamond.
1
1  60  75  2250 20 25 45,000 56,250
2
1
2 4   60  75  9000 60 75 540,000 675,000
2
 11,250 585,000 731,250
Then XA   x A
X (11,250 mm 2 )  585,000 mm 3 or X  52.0 mm ◀
and Y  A   yA
Y (11,250 m 2 )  731,250 mm 3 or Y  65.0 mm ◀
562
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PROBLEM 5.5
SOLUTION
By symmetry: Y  6 in.
Area 1: Rectangle 8 in. by 12 in.
Areas 2&3: Quarter circle r = 4 in.
r 2 4r
A2  A3    12.5663 in 2 x2  x3  8   6.3023 in.
4 3
A, in 2 x , in. x A,in3
1 96 4 384
2 -12.5663 6.3023 -79.197
3 -12.5663 6.3023 -79.197
 70.867 225.61
XA x A
X (70.867 in 2 )  225.61 in3 X  3.18 in. ◀
Y  6.00 in. ◀
563
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PROBLEM 5.6
SOLUTION
A, mm 2 x , mm y , mm x A, mm 3 yA, mm 3
1 (60)(120)  7200 –30 60 216 103 432 103


2 (60)2  2827.4 25.465 95.435 72.000 103 269.83103
4

3  (60)2  2827.4 –25.465 25.465 72.000 103 72.000 103
4
 7200 72.000 103 629.83103
Then XA   x A X (7200 mm 2 )  72.000 103 mm 3 X  10.00 mm ◀
YAy A Y (7200 mm 2 )  629.83103 mm 3 Y  87.5 mm ◀
564
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PROBLEM 5.7
SOLUTION
A, in 2 x , in. y , in. xA, in3 yA, in3
1 30  50  1500 15 25 22500 37500

2  (15)2  353.43 23.634 30 –8353.0 –10602.9
2
 1146.57 14147.0 26.897
 xA 14147.0
Then X  X  12.34 in. ◀
A 1146.57
 yA 26897
Y  Y  23.5 in. ◀
A 1146.57
565
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PROBLEM 5.8
SOLUTION

1 (38)2  2268.2 0 16.1277 0 36,581
2
2 20 16  320 10 8 3200 2560
 1948.23 3200 34,021
 xA 3200 in3
Then X  X  1.643 in. ◀
A 1948.23 in 2
 yA 34,021 in3
Y  Y  17.46 in. ◀
A 1948.23 in 2
566
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PROBLEM 5.9
SOLUTION
Area 1: Square 75 mm by 75 mm.
Area 2: Quarter circle radius of 75 mm.
A, mm 2 x , mm y , mm x A,mm 3 y A,mm 3
1 75  75  5625 37.5 37.5 210,938 210,938

 43.169
2   752  4417.9 43.169 190,715 190,715
4

 1207.10 20,223 20,223
 xA
Then by symmetry X Y 
A
X (1207.14 mm 2 )  20,223 mm 3 X  Y  16.75 mm ◀
567
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PROBLEM 5.10
SOLUTION
Area 1: Parabolic Spandrel, refer to fig 5.8A for centroid location.
Area 2: Rectangle 16 in. by 3 in.
1
1 (10)(16)  53.333 12 6 640 320
3
2 (3)(16)  48.0 8 1.5 384 72
 101.333 1024 392
Then X A   xA
X (101.333 in 2 )  1024 in 3 X  10.11 in. ◀
Y A   yA
Y (101.333 in 2 )  393 in3 Y  3.88 in. ◀
568
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PROBLEM 5.11
SOLUTION
Area 1: Triangle b  150 mm h  240 mm
Area 2: Parabolic Spandrel, refer to fig 5.8A for centroid location.
1 3 3
1 (150)(240)  18 103 160 50 2880x10 900x10
2
1 2160 103
 (150)(240)  12 103 540x10
3
2 180 45
3
3 3 3
 6.0x10 720x10 360x10
Then X  A   xA
X (6.0 103 mm 2 )  720 103 mm 3 or X 120.0 mm ◀
and Y  A   yA
Y (6.0 103 mm 2 )  360 103 mm 3 or Y  60.0 mm ◀
569
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PROBLEM 5.12
SOLUTION
Area 1: Outer semicircle diameter 120 mm.
Area 2: Inner semicircle diameter 72 mm.

1 (120)2  22,620 50.93 0 1152.04 103 0
2

2  (72)2  8143.0 30.558 0 248.80 103 0
2
 14,477 903.20 103 0
Then X A   xA
X (14,477 mm 2 )  903.20 103 mm 3 X  62.4 mm ◀
Y A   yA Y 0 ◀
570
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PROBLEM 5.13
SOLUTION
Dimensions in in.
A, in 2 x , in. y , in. x A, in3 y A, in3
2 800
1  (20)(20)  12 7.5 3200 2000
3 3
1 400
2 (20)(20)  15 6.0 –2000 –800
3 3
400
 1200 1200
3
 xA 1200
Then X  X  9.00 in. ◀
A  400 
 
 3 
 yA 1200
Y  Y  9.00 in. ◀
A  400 
 
 3 
571
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PROBLEM 5.14
SOLUTION
1
1  30  20  200 9 15 1800 3000
3

2 (30)2  706.86 12.7324 32.7324 9000.0 23137
4
 906.86 10800 26137
 xA 10800
Then X  X  11.91 mm ◀
A 906.86
 yA 26137
Y  Y  28.8 mm ◀
A 906.86
572
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PROBLEM 5.15
SOLUTION
rd
Area 1: Complete 3 order spandrel from origin to x=60 mm.
Area 2: Spandrel portion from origin to x=30 mm.
First Determine value of y at x=30 mm for Area 2:
y2 x3  30 mm 3
 23 y2  150 mm   18.75 mm
y1 x1  60 mm 
1
1 (60)(150)  2250 48 42.857 108,000 96,429
4
1
2  (30)(18.75)  140.625 24 5.3571 -3375 753.35
4
 2109.4 104,625 95,675
Then X A  x A 
X 2109.4 mm 2 104,625 mm 3  X  49.6 mm ◀
Y A  y A Y (2109.4 mm 2 )  95,675 mm 3 Y  45.4 mm ◀
573
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PROBLEM 5.16
Determine the y coordinate of the centroid of the shaded area

in terms of r1, r2, and .
SOLUTION
First, determine the location of the centroid.
2 sin       
From Figure 5.8A: y2  r2  2 A2    r22
3  2   2 
2 cos 
 r2 
3  2  
2 cos   
Similarly, y1  r1  A1     r12
3  2   2 
2 cos      2 cos     
Then yA  r2    r22   r1    r12 
3  2     2   3  2     2  
2
 r23  r13 cos 
3
   
and A     r22     r12
2  2 
 
   r22  r12 
2 
Now YA   yA
    2 2  r 3  r 3  2cos  
Y   r22  r12   r23  r13 cos  Y   22 12  ◀
 2   3 3  r2  r1    2 
574
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PROBLEM 5.17
Show that as r1 approaches r2, the location of the centroid

approaches that for an arc of circle of radius (r1  r2 )/2.
SOLUTION
2 sin       
From Figure 5.8A: y2  r2  2 A2    r22
3  2   2 
2 cos 
 r2 
3  2  
2 cos   
Similarly, y1  r1  A1     r12
3  2   2 
2 cos      2 cos     
Then yA  r2    r22   r1    r12 
3  2     2  
 3  2     2  
2
 r23  r13 cos 
3
   
and A     r22     r12
2  2 
 
   r22  r12 
2 
Now YA   yA
    2
Y   r22  r12   r23  r13 cos 

 2   3
2  r 3  r 3  2cos  
Y   22 12  
3  r2  r1    2 
575
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PROBLEM 5.17 (Continued)
1
Using Figure 5.8B, Y of an arc of radius (r1  r2 ) is
2
1 sin(    )
Y  (r1  r2 )  2
2 ( 2  )
1 cos 
 (r1  r2 )  (1)
2 ( 2  )
r23  r13 (r2  r1 ) r2  r1r2  r1 

2 2
Now 
r22  r12 (r2  r1 )(r2  r1 )
r22  r1r2  r12

r2  r1
Let r2  r  
r1  r  
1
Then r  (r1  r2 )
2
r23  r13 (r  )2  (r  )(r  )(r  )2
and 
r22  r12 (r  )  (r  )
3r 2  2

2r
In the limit as  0 (i.e., r1  r2 ), then
r23  r13 3
 r
r22  r12 2
3 1
  (r1  r2 )
2 2
2 3 cos  cos 
So that Y   (r1  r2 )  or Y  (r1  r2 ) ◀
3 4 2    2
which agrees with Equation (1).
576
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PROBLEM 5.18
For the area shown, determine the ratio a/b for which x  y .
SOLUTION
A x y xA yA
1
2 3 3 a2 b 2 ab2
ab a b
3 8 5 4 5
1 1 2 a2 b ab2
2  ab a b  
2 3 3 6 3
1 a2 b ab2
 ab
6 12 15
Then X A   xA
 1  a2 b
X  ab 
 6  12
1
or X a
2
Y A   y A
 1  ab2
Y  ab 
 6  15
2
or Y b
5
1 2 a 4
Now X Y  a b or  ◀
2 5 b 5
577
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PROBLEM 5.19
For the semiannular area of Prob. 5.12, determine the ratio r1 to r2 so that the centroid
1
of the area is located at x   r2 and y  0.
2
SOLUTION

4
x2  r2
3
4
Similarly, x1   r1
3
 2
A 
2
r2  r12 
 2  4r2   2  4r1 
Then  xA  r2    r1  
2  3  2  3 
2
  r23  r13 
3
Now X A   x A
  2
X  r22  r12    r23  r13 ; Dividing by r2  r1 
 2  3
   2 2
X  r2  r1    r2  r2r1  r12  (1)
2 3
 4  r 2  r2r1  r12 
X    2 
 3  r2  r1 
By symmetry, Y  0
578
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1
Now substituting for X   r2 in equation (1) gives.
2
 1    2
 r2  r2  r1    (r2 2  r1r2  r12 ) (1)

 2  2   3
Dividing through by r2 and 2/3,
2
 3    r r r 
  1  1   1  1   1 
 2  4  r2  r2  r2 
 r1 2 r 
Then    0.1781 1   0.1781  0
 r 
2  r 2
r 
Solving the quadratic yields,  1   0.520 ◀
 r2 
579
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PROBLEM 5.20
A built-up beam is constructed by nailing

seven boards together as shown. The nails are
equally spaced along the beam, and the beam
supports a vertical load. As proved in
mechanics of materials, the shearing forces
exerted on the nails at A and B are
proportional to the first moments with respect
to the centroidal x axis of the red-shaded areas
shown, respectively, in parts a and b of the
figure. Knowing that the force exerted on the
nail at A is 120 N, determine the force exerted
on the nail at B.
SOLUTION
For the first moments, Qa  150 (60 100)

 90 103 mm 3
Qb  2 150 (60 100)  (175)(300  60)
 4950 103 mm 3
Let PA=120 N shear on nail at A. From Mechanics of Materials, P  Q.
PA Qa 120 900 103

Then   or PB  660 N ◀
PB Qb PB 4950 103
580
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PROBLEM 5.21
The horizontal x axis is drawn through the centroid C of the area shown, and it
divides the area into two component areas A1 and A2 . Determine the first
moment of each component area with respect to the x axis, and explain the
results obtained.
SOLUTION
Note that Qx   y A
 5  1 
Then (Qx )1   in.  6  5 in 2 or (Qx )1  25.0 in 3 ◀
 3  2 
 2  1 
and (Qx )2    2.5 in.  9  2.5 in 2
 3  2 
 1  1 
   2.5 in.  6  2.5 in 2
 3  2 
or (Qx )2  25.0 in3 ◀
Now Qx  (Qx )1  (Qx )2  0
This result is expected since x is a centroidal axis (thus y  0)
and Qx   yA  Y A( y  0  Qx  0)
581
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.22
The horizontal x-axis is drawn through the centroid C of the area shown,
and it divides the area into two component areas A1 and A2. Determine the
first moment of each component area with respect to the x-axis, and explain
the results obtained.
SOLUTION
Dimensions in mm
Area above x-axis (Area A1):

Q1   y A  (25)(20 80)  (7.5)(15 20)
 40 103  2.25103
Q1  42.3103 mm 3 ◀
Area below x-axis (Area A2):
Q2   y A  (32.5)(65 20) Q2  42.3103 mm 3 ◀
Q  Q2 , since C is centroid and thus, Q   y A  0
582
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.23
The first moment of the shaded area with respect to the x-axis is denoted by
Qx. (a) Express Qx in terms of b, c, and the distance y from the base of the
shaded area to the x-axis. (b) For what value of y is Q x maximum, and what is
that maximum value?
SOLUTION
Shaded area:
A  b(c  y)
Qx  yA
1
 (c  y)[b(c  y)]
2
1
(a) Q x  b( c 2  y 2 ) ◀
2
dQ 1
(b) For Qmax ,  0 or b(2 y)  0 y 0◀
dy 2
1 1
For y  0, (Qx )  bc 2 (Qx )  bc 2 ◀
2 2
583
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.24
A thin, homogeneous wire is bent to form the perimeter of the figure

indicated. Locate the center of gravity of the wire figure thus formed.
SOLUTION
Perimeter of Figure 5.1
Dimensions in mm
L x y xL, mm 2 yL, mm 2
I 30 0 15 0 0.45 103
II 210 105 30 22.05 103 6.3103
III 270 210 165 56.7 103 44.55 103
IV 30 225 300 6.75 103 9 103
V 300 240 150 72 103 45 103
VII 240 120 0 28.8 103 0
 1080 186.3103 105.3103
X L   x L
X (1080 mm)  186.3103 mm 2 X 172.5 mm ◀
Y L   y L
Y (1080 mm)  105.3103 mm 2 Y  97.5 mm ◀
584
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.25
A thin, homogeneous wire is bent to form the perimeter of the figure

indicated. Locate the center of gravity of the wire figure thus formed.
SOLUTION
L, cm x , cm y , cm xL, cm 2 yL, cm 2
1 16 0 8 0 128
2 12 6 16 72 192
3 10 12 11 120 110
4 13.42 6 3 80.5 40.3
 51.42 272.5 470.3
Then XL x L
X (51.42)  272.5
X  5.30 cm
or X  53.0 mm ◀
Y L y L
Y (51.42)  470.3
Y  9.15 cm
or Y  91.5 mm ◀
585
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.26
A thin, homogeneous wire is bent to form the perimeter of the figure indicated.
Locate the center of gravity of the wire figure thus formed.
SOLUTION
For the quarter circle sections of the perimeter:
2 r
L4  L5   2
4
2r
x4  x5  8   5.45 in.

L, in. x , in. xL, in 2
1 12 0 0
2+3 2 4  8 2 16
4+5 2 2    4  5.45 68.5
6 4 8 32
 36.57 116.5
Then XL x L X (36.57)  116.5 X  3.19 in. ◀
By symmetry: Y  6.00 in. ◀
586
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.27
A thin, homogeneous wire is bent to form the perimeter of the

figure indicated. Locate the center of gravity of the wire figure
thus formed.
SOLUTION
First note that because the wire is homogeneous, its center of gravity will coincide with the centroid of
the corresponding line.
2
Y6  (38 in.)

L, in. x , in. y , in. xL, in.2 yL, in.2

1 18 29 0 522 0
2 16 20 8 320 128
3 20 10 16 200 320
4 16 0 8 0 128
5 38 19 0 722 0
6 (38)  119.381 0 24.192 0 2888.1
 227.38 320 3464.1
x L 320
Then X  X  1.407 in. ◀
L 227.38
y L 3464.1
Y  Y  15.23 in. ◀
L 227.38
587
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.28
The homogeneous wire ABC is bent into a semicircular arc and a straight
section as shown and is attached to a hinge at A. Determine the value of  for
which the wire is in equilibrium for the indicated position.
SOLUTION
First note that for equilibrium, the center of gravity of the wire must lie on a vertical line through A.
Further, because the wire is homogeneous, its center of gravity will coincide with the centroid of the
corresponding line. Thus,
X 0
so that x L  0
 1   2r 
 
Then  2 r cos   (r )     r cos   ( r )  0
4
or cos  
1  2
 0.54921
or   56.7 ◀
588
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.29
The frame for a sign is fabricated from thin, flat steel bar stock of mass
per unit length 4.73 kg/m. The frame is supported by a pin at C and by a
cable AB. Determine (a) the tension in the cable, (b) the reaction at C.
SOLUTION
First note that because the frame is fabricated from uniform bar stock, its center of gravity will coincide
with the centroid of the corresponding line.
L, m x, m xL, m 2
1 1.35 0.675 0.91125

2 0.6 0.3 0.18
3 0.75 0 0
4 0.75 0.2 0.15

5 (0.75)  1.17810 1.07746 1.26936
2
 4.62810 2.5106
Then X L  x L
X (4.62810)  2.5106
or X  0.54247 m
The free-body diagram of the frame is then

where W  ( m  L ) g
 4.73 kg/m  4.62810 m  9.81 m/s2
 214.75 N
589
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
Equilibrium then requires
3 
(a) MC  0: (1.55 m) TBA   (0.54247 m)(214.75 N)  0
5 
or TBA  125.264 N or TBA  125.3 N ◀
3
(b) Fx  0: C x  (125.264 N)  0
5
or C x  75.158 N
4
Fy  0: C y  (125.264 N)  (214.75 N)  0
5
or C y  114.539 N
Then C  137.0 N 56.7° ◀
590
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.30
The homogeneous wire ABCD is bent as shown and is attached to

a hinge at C. Determine the length L for which portion BCD of the
wire is horizontal.
SOLUTION
First note that for equilibrium, the center of gravity of the wire must lie on a vertical line through C.
Further, because the wire is homogeneous, the center of gravity of the wire will coincide with the
centroid of the corresponding line. Thus,
X  0 so that  X L  0
L
Then  (40 mm)(80 mm)  (40 mm)(100 mm)  0
2
L2  14, 400 mm 2 L  120.0 mm ◀
591
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.31
The homogeneous wire ABCD is bent as shown and is attached to

a hinge at C. Determine the length L for which portion AB of the
wire is horizontal.
SOLUTION
WI  80w WII  100w WIII  Lw
 MC  0: (80w)(32)  (100w)(14)  ( Lw)(0.4 L )  0
L2  9900 L  99.5 mm ◀
592
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.32
Determine the distance h for which the centroid of the shaded

area is as far above line BB′ as possible when (a) k 0.10,
(b) k 0.80.
SOLUTION
A y yA
1 1 1 2
1 ba a ab
2 3 6
1 1 1
2  ( kb )h h  kbh 2
2 3 6
b b 2
 (a  kh) (a  kh 2 )
2 6
Then Y A  y A
b  b
Y  (a  kh )  (a 2  kh 2 )
 2  6
a 2  kh 2
or Y (1)
3(a  kh)
dY 1 2 kh(a  kh )  (a 2  kh 2 )(k )
and  0
dh 3 (a  kh )2
or 2 h(a  kh )  a2  kh 2  0 (2)
Simplifying Eq. (2) yields kh 2  2ah  a2  0
593
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
2a  (2a)2  4( k )(a2 )
Then h 
2k
a
 1  1  k 
k
Note that only the negative root is acceptable since h  a. Then
(a) k  0.10
a 
h 1  1  0.10  or h  0.513a ◀
0.10 
(b) k  0.80
a 
h 1  1  0.80  or h  0.691a ◀
0.80 
594
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.33
Knowing that the distance h has been selected to maximize

the distance y from line BB′ to the centroid of the shaded
area, show that y  2 h/3.
SOLUTION
See solution to Problem 5.32 for analysis leading to the following equations:
a 2  kh 2
Y (1)
3(a  kh)
2 h(a  kh )  a2  kh 2  0 (2)
Rearranging Eq. (2) (which defines the value of h which maximizes Y ) yields
a2  kh 2  2 h(a  kh )
Then substituting into Eq. (1) (which defines Y ),
1 2
Y  2 h(a  kh ) or Y  h ◀
3(a  kh ) 3
595
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.34
Determine by direct integration the centroid of the area shown.
SOLUTION
y h

x a
h
y x
a
x EL  x
1
yEL  y
2
dA  ydx
a h 
 x  dx  1 ah
a
A  0
ydx   0  a  2
a  h  h  x3  a 1
x EL dA   xydx  x  x  dx     ha 2
0  a  a  3 
0
3
2  3
a
a1  a h 2
 y ydx  1  x  dx 
1 h    1 h2 a
x
y EL dA   0  2  2  0  a  2 b2  3  6
0
1  1 2
xA  x EL dA : x  ah  ha 2 x a◀
 2  3 3
1  1 1
yA  y EL dA : y  ah  h 2 a y h◀
 2  6 3
596
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.35
SOLUTION
b
At (a, b), b  ma, but y1  mx, thus y1  x
a
1 1 b 1
b  ka 2 , but y2  kx 2 , thus y2  1
x 2
a 2
 12 
x x
Now x EL  x and dA  ( y2  y1 )dx  b  1   dx
 2 a
  1
 a 
1 bx 2 x 
yEL  ( y2  y1 )   1  
2 2  a 2 a 
 
 12   3 a
a x x  2  x 2 x2  1
Then A   dA   0
b  1   dx  b   1    ab
 2 a  
 3  2 2 a  6
 a   a  0
 12   32 2
  5 
a
a x x a x x  2 x  2 x 
3
1
and  x EL dA  xb  1   dx  b  1   dx  b   1    a 2 b
 2 a  2 a  5 3a   15
  a 2
0 0
 a   a   0
 1   1   b2  x 2 x 3 
a
a bx 2
 x   x 2 x  b2 a  x x 2    1
 yEL dA  0 2
 1   b  1   dx 

a   a 2 a   
2 0  a a  
  2 dx     2   ab2
 
 2  2a 3a  0 12
 a 2   
597
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
1  1 2
xA  x EL dA : x  ab  a 2 b x  a◀
 6  15 5
1  1 1
yA  y EL dA : y  ab  ab2 y b◀
 6  12 2
598
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.36
Express your answer in terms of a and h.
SOLUTION
For the element (el) shown at
x  2a, y  h or h  k 2a2
h
 k
4a2
x el  x
1
y el  y
2
dA  ydx
2a
2a h  x3 
x dx  2  
h
 
2
Then A dA  2
4a 0 4 a  3 
0
7
 ah
12
2a
2a  h  h  x4 
and  xel dA   x  2  x 2 dx  2  
a  4a  4 a  4 
a
15
 ha 2
16
2a 1
 yel dA 
a 2
 y2 dx 
1  hx 2 2 h2 2a


2  
 4 a 2 
dx 
32a 4  a
x 4 dx
h2  x 5  2a
    31 ah 2
32a 4 5 160
 a
 7  15
Then xA  x el dA : x  ah  a2 h
12  16
or x  1.607a ◀
 7  31 2
yA  y EL dA : y  ah 
12  160
ah or y  0.332h ◀
599
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.37
SOLUTION
First note that symmetry implies y 0◀
1
dA  a(ad )
2
dA  adx 2
x EL  a cos 
x EL  x 3
a  1 2
A  dA   0
adx    2
a d
2
a
 a[x ]a0  []  a2 (1   )
2
Then
a  2 1 
x EL dA   0
x (adx )    3
a cos   a2d 
2 
 x 2 a 1 3
 a    a [sin ]

2 3

 0
1 2 
 a3   sin 
2 3 
and
1 2  3  4 sin 
xA  x EL dA : x [a2 (1   )]  a3   sin 
2 3 
or x
6(1   )
a◀
600
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.38
SOLUTION
First note that symmetry implies x 0◀
For the element (EL) shown
2r
yEL   (Figure 5.8B)
dA  rdr
r
r2  r2  2 
Then A   dA    rd r      r22  r12 
r1  2  2
1 r
r2
r2 2r 1  2
and y EL dA   (rdr )  2  r 3   r23  r13 
r1   3 r  3
1
  2 4 r23  r13
So yA   y EL dA : y  r22  r12   r23  r13  or y ◀
 2  3 3 r22  r12
601
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.39
SOLUTION
b 2
For the element (EL) shown, y a x2
a
and dA  (b  y )dx

b
a

a  a2  x 2 dx 
x EL x
1
y EL  ( y  b )
2

b
2a

a  a2  x 2 
 a a  
ab
A  dA 
0
a2  x 2 dx
Then
To integrate, let x  a sin  : a 2  x 2  a cos , dx  a cos  d
/2 b
Then A   0 a
(a  a cos  )(a cos d  )
/2
b 2  2 
 a sin   a2   sin 
a  
2 4  0
 
 ab 1  
 4
b 
 
a
and  x EL dA   0
x  a  a2  x 2 dx 
 a 
/2
b  a 2 1 2 3/2 
  x  (a  x 2 ) 

a 2 3 
0
1
 a3b
6
602
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
b 
   
a b
y EL dA   0 2a
a  a2  x 2  a  a2  x 2 dx 
 a 
a
b2 a b2  x 3 
 2  (x ) dx  2  
2
2a 0 2a  3  0
1
 ab 2
6
    1 2a
xA  x EL dA : x ab 1    a2b
  4  6
or x 
3(4   )
◀
    1 2b
yA  y EL dA : y ab 1    ab 2
  4  6
or y 
3(4   )
◀
603
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.40
Determine by direct integration the centroid of the area shown. Express

your answer in terms of a and b.
SOLUTION
At x  0, y  b
b
b  k (0  a)2 or k 
a2
b
y (x  a)2
a2
Then
Now x EL  x
y b
y EL   (x  a)2
2 2a2
b
dA  ydx  2
(x  a)2 dx
a
and
a b b 1
 dA   ( x  a)2 dx  2  x  a 3  0  ab
a
Then A
0 a2 3a 3
a b  b a
  x  2 (x  a)2 dx   2  x  2ax 2  a2 x dx

3
and x EL dA 
0  a  a 0
b  x 2 4  1 2
 ax 3  x 2   a2b
a
 2 

a 4 3 2  12
a b b  b2 1 5
a
 y EL dA   0 2a 2
(x  a)2  2 (x  a)2 dx   4
 a  2a

 5
( x  a) 
 0
1 2
 ab
10
1  1 1
Hence xA  x EL dA : x  ab   a2b
 3  12
x
4
a◀
1  1 3
yA  y EL dA : y  ab   ab 2
 3  10
y
10
b◀
604
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.41

SOLUTION
b 2
y 1  k 1x 2 but b  k1a2 x y1 
a2
b
y 2  k 2 x 3 but b  k 2a3 y 2  3 x 3
a
b  x3 
dA  ( y 2  y 1 )dx  2 x 2  dx
a  a 
x EL  x
1
y EL  ( y 1  y 2 )
2
b  x3 
 2 x 2  
2a  a 
a 3
dx
b x 2  x
A  dA 
a2  0  a 
b  x 3 x 4 a
   
a2 3 4a  0

1
 ba
12
a b  2 x 3 
 x EL dA   0
x x  dx
a2  a 
a
dx
4
b x 3  x

a2  0  a 

b  x 4 x 5 a
 2   
a  4 5a  0

1 2
 ab
20
605
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
a b  2 x 3  b  2 x 3 
 yEL dA   0
 x   2  x   dx
2 a 2  a  a  a 
b2 a 6
 x 4  x  dx

2a 4  0  a 
2
b2  x5 7 a
   x   1 ab2
2a 4  5 7a 2 
  0 35
1  1 2 3
xA  x EL dA : x  ba 
12  20
ab x  a◀
5
1  1 12
yA  y EL dA : y  ba  ab 2
12  35
y
35
b◀
606
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.42
SOLUTION
We have x EL  x
1 a x2 
y  1   2 
x
y EL 
2 2  L L 
 x2 
dA  y dx  a1   2 dx
x
 L L 
 3  2L
2L
 x x 2   x 2
x
Then A  dA   0
a1   2 dx  a  x 
 L L  

 
2L 3L2  0
8
 aL
3
2L   x x 2   x2 x3 x 4 
2L
 
and x EL dA   0   L L  

x a1   2 dx   a 

 
 2 3L 4 L2 
0
10 2
 aL
3
2L a  x x 2   x x2  
 y EL dA   1   2  a1   2 dx 
0 2  L L    L L  
a2 EL  x2 x3 x4 
1  2  3 2  2 3  4 dx
x

2  0  L L L L 
 5  2L
a2 x  x 2
x 3
x 4
x
  2  3  4
2  L L 2L 5L  0

11 2
 aL
5
 8  10 5
Hence, xA  x EL dA : x  aL   aL2
3  3
x
4
L◀
 1  11 33
yA  y EL dA : y  a  a2
8  5
y
40
a◀
607
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.43

SOLUTION
a
For y2 at x  a, y  b, a  kb2, or k 
b2
b 1/2
Then y 2  x
a
Now x EL  x
a y 2 b x 1/2
and for 0  x  , y EL  
2 2 2 a
x 1/2
dA  y 2 dx  b dx
a
a 1 b  x 1 x 1/2 
For  x  a, y EL  ( y 1  y 2 )     
2 2 2  a 2 a 
 x 1/2 x 1 
dA  ( y 2  y 1 )dx  b    dx
 a a 2 
a/2 x1/2 a  x1/2 x 1  b  2 3/2 

a/2  2 x 3/2 x 2 1  a
   x
Then A   dA   0
b
a
dx   b
a/2 
   dx
 a a 2 
 
a  3
x 
 0
 b
3 a


2a 2  a/2
2 b  a 3/2  a 3/2 
    (a)3/2    
3 a  2   2  

 1  a  1 
2
 a 
 b  (a2 )      (a)   
 2a  2  2 
  2  
13
 ab
24
608
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
a/2  x 1/2  a   x 1/2 x 1 

and  x EL dA   x b dx    x b     dx
0  a  a/2   a
 a 2 
b  2 5/2  a/2  2 x 5/2 x 3 x 4  a

  x   b    
a  5  0  5 a 3a 4  a/2
2 b  a 5/2  a 5/2 
    (a)5/2    
5 a  2  2 

 1  3  a 3  1  2  a 2 
 b  (a)      (a)    
 3a  2  4 
 
 2   


71 2
 a b
240
a/2 b x 1/2  x 1/2 

 y EL dA   0 2 a
b

 a
dx 


a b  x 1 x 1/2    x 1/2 x 1  
  a/2 2 
  
a 2
 b
a    a
  dx 
a 2  
b2  1 2 
a/2
b2  2 3 
a
  x    x  1  x  1  

2a  2  0  2a 3a  a 2  

2   a/2
b  a 2  a 2  b 2  a 1 
3
    (a)2        
4a  2   2   6a  2 2 

11 2
 ab
48
 13  71 2 17
Hence, xA  x EL dA : x  ab  
 24  240
ab x
130
a◀
 13  11 2 11
yA  y EL dA : y  ab  
 24  48
ab y
26
b◀
609
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.44

Express your answer in terms of a and b.
SOLUTION
2b
For y1 at x  a, y  2b, 2b  ka2 , or k 
a2
2b 2
Then y 1  x
a2
b  x
By observation, y 2   (x  2b )  b 2  
a  a
Now x EL  x
1 b 2b 2
and for 0  x  a, y EL  y1  2 x 2 and dA  y 1 dx  x dx
2 a a2
1 b x  x
For a  x  2a, y EL  y 2  2   and dA  y 2 dx  b 2  dx
2 2 a  a
a 2b 2 2a  x
Then A   dA   0 a2
x dx   a
b 2  dx
 a
2a
2b  x 
3 a  a x 2  7
 2 
 b  2     ab

a  3 0  a  0
 2 6
a  2b  2a   x 
and  x EL dA   0
x  2 x 2dx  
a   a
x b 2  dx 
  a  
2b  x   2 x 3  2a
4 a
 2  b x  
a  4  0 
 3a  0
1
2  1
 a2b  b (2a)2  (a)2   (2a2 )  (a)3 
3a 
7 2
 ab
6
610
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
a b 2  2b 2  2a b  x   x 
 y EL dA   0
x  x dx  
a2  a2   0 2
2   b 2  dx 

 

a    a  
 5 a 2  3  2a
2b 2  x   b  a 2  x  
 4
a 5
 0 2  3  a   a
17 2
 ab
30
7  7
Hence, xA  x EL dA: x  ab  a 2 b
6  6
x a◀
 7  17 2 17
yA  y EL dA: y  ab 
 6  30
ab y
35
b◀
611
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.45
A homogeneous wire is bent into the shape shown. Determine by direct

integration the x coordinate of its centroid.
SOLUTION
First note that because the wire is homogeneous, its center of gravity coincides with the centroid of the
corresponding line.
Now x EL  a cos3  and dL  dx 2  dy 2
where x  a cos3  : dx  3a cos2  sin  d

y  a sin 3  : dy  3a sin 2  cos  d
Then dL  [(3a cos2  sin  d )2  (3a sin 2  cos  d )2 ]1/2

 3a cos  sin  (cos2   sin 2  )1/2 d
 3a cos  sin  d
 /2 1   /2
L  dL   0
3a cos  sin  d  3a  sin 2  
 2  0
3
 a
2
 /2
and  x EL dL   0
a cos3 (3a cos  sin  d )
 1   /2 3
 3a2  cos5    a2
 5  0 5
3  3 2
Hence, xL  x EL dL : x  a  a2
2  5
x a◀
5
Alternative Solution:
 x 2/3
x  a cos3   cos2    
a
 y 2/3
y  a sin3   sin 2    
a
612
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
 x 2/3  y 2/3
      1 or y  (a2/3  x 2/3 )3/2
 a   a 
dy
Then  (a2/3  x 2/3 )1/2 (x 1/3 )
dx
Now x EL  x
2
 dy 
and dL  1   
 dx 
 
2 1/2
dx  1  (a2/3  x 2/3 )1/2 (x 1/3 ) dx
a a1/3
1/3  3 2/3 
a
3
Then L   dL   0 x 1/3
dx  a 
 2
x   a
 0 2
a  a1/3  3 a 3
and  x EL dL   x  1/3 dx   a1/3  x 5/3   a2
0 x   5  0 5
3  3 2
Hence xL  x EL dL : x  a  a2
2  5
x  a◀
5
613
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.46

integration the x coordinate of its centroid.
SOLUTION
First note that because the wire is homogeneous, its center of gravity coincides with the centroid of the
corresponding line.
Now x EL  r cos  and dL  rd 
7 / 4 7 / 4 3
Then L   dL   /4
r d   r[ ]/ 4 
2
r
7 / 4
and  x EL dL   / 4
r cos  (rd  )
7 / 4
 r 2 [sin  ]  / 4
 1 1 
 r 2   
 2 2 
 r 2 2
3  2 2
Thus xL   x dL: x  r   r 2 2
2 
x 
3
r◀
614
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.47*

integration the x coordinate of its centroid. Express your answer in terms of a.
SOLUTION
First note that because the wire is homogeneous, its center of gravity will coincide with the centroid of the
corresponding line.
1
We have at x  a, y  a, a  ka3/2, or k 
a
1 3/2
Then y  x
a
dy 3 1/2
and  x
dx 2 a
Now x EL  x
2
 dy 
and dL  1    dx
 dx 
1/2
  3 2 

 1   1/2
x   dx

  2 a  

1
 4a  9x dx
2 a
a 1
Then L   dL   0 2 a
4a  9x dx
1 2 1 3/2 
a
   (4a  9x ) 
2 a  3 9  0
a
 [(13)3/2  8]
27
 1.43971a
a  1 
and  x EL dL   0
x
 2 a
4a  9x dx 

615
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.47* (Continued)
Use integration by parts with
ux dv  4a  9x dx
2
du  dx v (4a  9x )3/2
27
1 
  3/2 


a
 2 a 2 
Then  x EL dL  
2 a

 

x 
27
(4a  9 x )  
 0  0 27
(4a  9x )3/2 dx 



(13)3/2 2 1 2 5/2 
a
 a   (4a  9x ) 
27 27 a  45  0
 
2
a 2
 (13)3/2  [(13)5/2  32]
27 45
 0.78566a2
xL  x EL dL : x (1.43971a)  0.78566a2 or x  0.546a ◀
616
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.48*
SOLUTION
2 2
We have x EL  r cos   ae  cos 
3 3
2 2 
y EL  r sin   ae sin 
3 3
1 1
and dA  (r )(rd  )  a2e 2 d 
2 2
 1 2 2 1 1 
Then A   dA   0 2
a e d   a2  e 2 
2  2  0
1
 a2 (e 2   1)
4
 133.623a2
 2  1 
and  x EL dA   0 3
ae cos   a2e 2 d  
2 
1 
 a3
3  0
e 3 cos  d
To proceed, use integration by parts, with
u  e 3 and du  3e 3 d
dv  cos  d  and v  sin 
e  sin (3e
3
Then cos  d  e 3 sin   3
d )
Now let u  e 3 then du  3e 3 d
dv  sin d, then v   cos 
 
e  ( cos )(3e
3
Then cos  d  e 3 sin   3 e 3 cos   3
d ) 
 
617
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
e 3
so that  e 3 cos  d 
10
(sin   3cos  )
1  e 3 
 x EL dA  a3 
3  10
(sin   3cos  )

0
3
a
 (3e 3  3)  1239.26a3
30
 2  1 
Also, y EL dA   0 3
ae sin   a2e 2 d 
2 
1 
 a3
3  0
e 3 sin  d
Use integration by parts, as above, with
u  e 3 and du  3e 3 d
dv   sin d and v   cos 
e  ( cos )(3e
3
Then sin  d  e 3 cos   3
d )
e 3
so that  e 3 sin  d 
10
( cos   3sin  )
1 3  e 3 
 y EL dA  a
3  10
( cos   3sin  )

0
3
a
 (e 3  1)  413.09a3
30
Hence, xA  x EL dA: x (133.623a 2 )  1239.26 a3 or x  9.27a ◀
yA  y EL dA: y (133.623a 2 )  413.09a3 or y  3.09a ◀
618
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.49*
SOLUTION
We have x EL  x
1 a x
yEL  y  cos
2 2 2L
x
and dA  ydx  a cos dx
2L
L /2 x
Then A  dA   0
a cos
2L
dx
L /2
 2L x 
 a  sin 
  2 L  0
2
 aL

 x 
and x EL dA   x a cos 2 L dx
x
Use integration by parts with u x dv  cos dx
2L
2L x
du  dx v sin
 2L
x 2L x 2L x
Then  x cos 2 L dx  
 sin
2L


sin
2L
dx 
2 L  x 2L x 
  x sin  cos 
  2L  2 L 
L /2
2L  x 2L x 
 x EL dA  a
 
 x sin
2L


cos 
2 L  0
2 L  L 2  2 L 
a   L  
  2 2    


 0.106 374 aL2
619
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
L /2 a x   x 
Also  yEL dA   cos a cos dx 
0 2 2 L  2 L 
L /2
 x 
 x  sin L   a  L  L 
2
a2

2 2

2 
L  0 2  4 2 
 0.20458a 2L
 2 
xA   x EL dA : x  aL   0.106374 aL2 or x  0.236 L
  
 2 
yA   yEL dA : y  aL   0.20458a 2L or y  0.454 a
  
620
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.50
Determine the centroid of the area shown in terms of a.
SOLUTION
We have x EL  x
1 1 1
y EL  y  1  
2 2  x
 1
and dA  y dx  1  dx
 x
1 1a
a dx a
Then A   dA   0
a
adx   1
a
x
 ax   ln x  1  (1  2 ln a)
a
0
1
1
a dx  ax 2  a 1 1 2a2  1
and x EL dA   0
a
xdx   1
a
x
x

 2 
 0
  x a1 
a
2a
a 
a 2a
1
a2 1a 1  1  a 2a2  1
a1 a
1 a dx a 1
     x 0     
2 a 2
y EL dA  y dx  a dx     
0 2 2 0
1
2x 2 2 2  x 1a 2 2a 2 2a
a
Because of symmetry, computation of only one coordinate was necessary.
2 a 2 1 2a2  1
xA   x EL dA: x 1  2 ln a  
2a
x y 
2a1  2 ln a
◀
621
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.51
Determine the centroid of the area shown when a = 4 in.
SOLUTION
We have x EL  x s
1 1 1
y EL  y  1  
2 2 x
 1
and dA  y dx  1  dx
 x
1 1a
a dx a
 dA  
a
Then A  adx  1
 ax   ln x  1  (1  2 ln a)
0
a
x a
0
1
1
a dx  ax 2  a 1 1 2 a 2 1
x  
a
and EL dA  xdx  1
x 
 2 
  x a1  a 
0
a x  0 a 2a a 2a
1
a1 1 a dx a2 1a 1  1 a a 1 a 2a2  1
 y EL dA   0 2
y 2dx 
2  0
a 2
a dx   1
a
2x 2

2
 x 0      
2  x 1a 2 2a 2

2a
Because of symmetry, computation of only one coordinate was necessary.
2 a 2 1
xA   x EL dA: x 1  2 ln a  
2a
2 a 2 1
xy
2a 1  2 ln a 
622
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
Find x and y when a  4 in.
2(4)2  1
We have x y  or x  y  1.027 in. ◀
2 4 1  2 ln 4 
623
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.52
Determine the volume and the surface area of the solid obtained by
rotating the area of Prob. 5.1 about (a) the line x = 240 mm, (b) the
y axis.
PROBLEM 5.1 Locate the centroid of the plane area shown.
SOLUTION
From the solution to Problem 5.1 we have
A  15.3103 mm 2
 xA  2.6865 106 mm 3
 yA  1.4445 106 mm 3
Applying the theorems of Pappus-Guldinus we have
(a) Rotation about the line x  240 mm
Volume  2(240  x ) A
 2(240 A  xA)
 2[240(15.3103 )  2.6865 106 ] Volume  6.19 106 mm 3 ◀
Area  2 X line L  2 ( xline ) L

 2( x1 L1  x3 L3  x4 L4  x5 L5  x6 L6 )
Where x1 ,, x6 are measured with respect to line x  240 mm.
Area  2[(120)(240)  (15)(30)  (30)(270)

 (135)(210)  (240)(30)] Area  458 103 mm 2 ◀
(b) Rotation about the y axis
Volume  2 Xarea A  2( xA)

 2(2.6865 106 mm 3 ) Volume  16.88 106 mm 3 ◀
Area  2 X line L  2 ( xline ) L

 2( x1 L1  x2 L2  x3 L3  x4 L4  x5 L5 )
 2[(120)(240)  (240)(300)
 (225)(30)  (210)(270)  (105)(210)] Area  1.171106 mm 2 ◀
624
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.53
Determine the volume and the surface area of the solid obtained by rotating the
area of Prob. 5.7 about (a) the x axis, (b) the y axis.
PROBLEM 5.8 Locate the centroid of the plane area shown.
SOLUTION
From the solution to Problem 5.8 we have
A  1146.57 in.2
xA  14147.0 in.3
yA  26897 in.3
Applying the theorems of Pappus-Guldinus we have
(a) Rotation about the x axis:
Volume  2Yarea A  2 y A

 2(26897 in.3 ) or Volume  169.0 103 in3 ◀
Area  2Yline A
 2 ( yline ) A
 2( y2 L2  y3 L3  y4 L4  y5 L5  y6 L6 )
 2[(7.5)(15)  (30)( 15)  (47.5)(5)
 (50)(30)  (25)(50)] or Area  28.4 103 in 2 ◀
(b) Rotation about the y axis
Volume  2 X area A  2 x A

 2(14147.0 in.3 ) or Volume  88.9 103 in3 ◀
Area  2 Xline L  2 ( xline ) L

 2( x1 L1  x2 L2  x3 L3  x4 L4  x5 L5 )
  2 15  
 2 (15)(30)  (30)(15)  30   ( 15)  (30)(5)  (15)(30)
    
 
or Area  15.48 103 in 2 ◀
625
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.54
Determine the volume and the surface area of the solid obtained by rotating the area
of Problem 5.6 about (a) the line x  60 mm, (b) the line y  120 mm.
SOLUTION
From the solution of Problem 5.6, we have
A  7200 mm 2
 x A  72 103 mm 3
 y A  629.83103 mm 3
Applying the theorems of Pappus-Guldinus, we have
(a) Rotation about line x  60 mm:
Volume  2(x  60)A  2 (xA  60A )

 2[72 103  60(7200)] Volume  2.26 106 mm 3 ◀
Area  2 x line L  2 (x line )L

 2  ( x 1 L1  x 2 L 2  x 3 L 3 )
 2(60)  (60)   2(60)  (60)  
 2 60  


 
  60  


 
  (60)(120)
   2     2  
where x1 , x 2 , x 3 are measured with respect to line x  60 mm. Area  116.3103 mm 2 ◀
(b) Rotation about line y  120 mm:
Volume  2(120  y )A  2(120A  yA )

 2[120(7200)  629.83103 ] Volume  1.471106 mm 3 ◀
Area  2 y line L  2 ( y line )L

 2  ( y 1 L1  y 2 L 2  y 4 L 4 )
where y1, y2 , y4 are measured with respect to line y  120 mm.
 2(60)  
Area  2 120   (60)    2(60)  (60)   (60)(120) Area  116.3103 mm 2 ◀
  
  2     2      
626
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.55
Determine the volume and the surface area of the half-torus shown.
SOLUTION
By Pappus-Guldinus theorem:
For the Area A,
A   x  L
A    R  2 r
or A  2 2 Rr ◀
For the volume V,
V   x  A
   R  r 2
or V   2 Rr 2 ◀
627
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.56
Determine the volume of the solid generated by rotating the

semiparabolic area shown about (a) the y axis, (b) the x axis.
SOLUTION
2
First, from Figure 5.8a, we have A  ah
3
3
x a
8
2
y h
5
Applying the second theorem of Pappus-Guldinus, we have
(a) Rotation about the y-axis:
Volume  2 yA
 2  2 
 2  h ah
 5  3 
8
or Volume   ah 2 ◀
15
(b) Rotation about the x-axis:
Volume  2 xA
 3  2 
 2  a ah
 8 
 3 
1
or Volume   a 2 h ◀
2
628
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.57
Verify that the expressions for the volumes of the first four shapes in Fig. 5.21 are correct.
SOLUTION
Following the second theorem of Pappus-Guldinus, in each case, a specific
generating area A will be rotated about the x-axis to produce the given
shape. Values of y are from Figure 5.8a.
(1) Hemisphere: the generating area is a quarter circle.
 4a   2  2 3
We have V  2 y A  2    a or V  a ◀
 3  4  3
(2) Semiellipsoid of revolution: the generating area is a quarter ellipse.
 4a    2
We have V  2 y A  2   ha or V  a2 h ◀
 3  4  3
(3) Paraboloid of revolution: the generating area is a quarter parabola.
 3  2  1
We have V  2 y A  2  a ah or V  a2 h ◀
 8  3  2
(4) Cone: the generating area is a triangle.
 a  1  1
We have V  2 y A  2   ha or V  a2 h ◀
 3  2  3
629
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.58
Knowing that two equal caps have been removed from a 10-in.-diameter wooden
sphere, determine the total surface area of the remaining portion.
SOLUTION
The surface area can be generated by rotating the line shown about the y-axis. Applying the first theorem of
Pappus-Guldinus, we have
A  2 X L  2   x L
 2(2 x1L1  x 2 L 2 )
4
Now tan  
3
or   53.130
5 in. sin 53.130

Then x2  
53.130 180 
 4.3136 in.
  
and L 2  2 53.130  (5 in.)
 180 
 9.2729 in.
 3  
A  2 2  in. (3 in.)  (4.3136 in.)(9.2729 in.)
  2  
or A  308 in 2 ◀
630
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.59
Three different drive belt profiles are to be

studied. If at any given time each belt makes
contact with one-half of the circumference of
its pulley, determine the contact area between
the belt and the pulley for each design.
SOLUTION
Applying the first theorem of Pappus-Guldinus, the contact area A C of a

belt is given by
A C   yL    yL
where the individual lengths are the lengths of the belt cross section that
are in contact with the pulley.
(a) AC  [2( y1L1 )  y2 L2 ]

  0.125    0.125 in.  
  2 3   in.    [(3  0.125) in.](0.625 in.)
  2    cos20  
or A C  8.10 in 2 ◀
(b) AC  [2( y1L1 )]

 0.375    0.375 in. 
 2 3  0.08   in. 
 2    cos20 
or A C  6.85 in 2 ◀
(c) A C  [2( y 1L1 )]

 2(0.25)  
  3   in. [(0.25 in.)]
   
or A C  7.01 in 2 ◀
631
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.60
Determine the capacity, in liters, of the punch bowl

shown if R 250 mm.
SOLUTION
The volume can be generated by rotating the triangle and circular sector shown about the y-axis. Applying
the second theorem of Pappus-Guldinus and using Figure 5.8a, we have
V  2 xA  2  xA
 2( x1 A1  x2 A2 )
 1 1  1 1 3   2 R sin30   2 
 2   R  R  R   R 
 3 2  2 2 2   3 6  6 
 R3 R3 
 2   
16 3 2 3 
3 3 3
 R
8
3 3
 (0.25 m)3
8
 0.031883 m 3
Since 103 l  1 m 3
103 l
V  0.031883 m 3  V  31.9 liters ◀
1 m3
632
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.61
Determine the volume and total surface area of the bushing shown.
SOLUTION
Then applying the theorems of Pappus-Guldinus for the part of the surface area generated by the lines:
AL   xA   3163.906  6852  5795.268   10947.6   34.392 103 mm 2
The area of the “end triangles”:

Volume:
The volume can  by rotating the triangular area shown through  radians about the y axis.
 1 be obtained
AE  2  5260  3.12  103 mm 2
The area of the 2triangle is:
Total surface1 area is therefore:
A  5260  1560 mm 2
2
 
A  AL  AE  34.392  3.12  103 mm 2
Applying the theorems of Pappus-Guldinus, we have
or A  37.5  103 mm 2 ◀

V   xA   52 mm 1560 mm 2  or V  255103 mm 3 ◀
The surface area can be obtained by rotating the triangle shown through an angle of  radians about the
y axis.
Considering each line BD, DE, and BE separately:
22
Line BD : L1  222  602  63.906 mm x1  20   31 mm
2
Line DE : L 2  52 mm x 2  20  22  26  68 mm
74
Line BE : L 3  74 2  602  95.268 mm x1  20   57 mm
2
633
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.62
Determine the volume and weight of the solid brass knob shown, knowing that
3
the specific weight of brass is 0.306 lb/in .
SOLUTION
Volume of knob is obtained by rotating area

at left about the x-axis. Consider area as made
of components shown below.
Area, in
2
y , in. yA, in3

1 (0.75)2  0.4418 0.8183 0.3615
4
2 (0.5)(0.75)  0.375 0.25 0.0938
3 (1.25)(0.75)  0.9375 0.625 0.5859

4 (0.75)2  0.4418 0.9317 0.4116
4
 0.6296
V  2 y A  2(0.6296 in 3 )  3.9559 in 3 V  3.96 in 3 ◀
W   V  (0.306 lb/in 3 )(3.9559 in 3 ) W  1.211 lb ◀
634
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.63
Determine the total surface area of the solid brass knob shown.
SOLUTION
Area is obtained by rotating lines shown about the x-axis.
L, in. y , in. yL, in 2
1 0.5 0.25 0.1250


2 (0.75)  1.1781 0.9775 1.1516
2

3 (0.75)  1.1781 0.7725 0.9101
2
4 0.5 0.25 0.1250
 2.3117
A  2 y L  2(2.3117 in 2 ) A  14.52 in 2 ◀
635
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.64
Determine the volume of the brass collar obtained by rotating the shaded area shown about the vertical axis
AA′.
SOLUTION
Consider shaded area to be obtained by removing triangle BCE from triangle BDF.
1
ABDF  45  1860  1890 mm 2
2
45  18
x BDF  15   36 mm
3
1
ABCE  4530  675 mm 2
2
45
x BCE  15   30 mm
3
Then applying Pappus-Guldinus:
V  2 xA
V  2 361890  30675
 
V  300 103 mm 3 ◀
636
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.65*
The shade for a wall-mounted light is formed from a thin sheet

of translucent plastic. Determine the surface area of the outside
of the shade, knowing that it has the parabolic cross section
shown.
SOLUTION
First note that the required surface area A can be generated by rotating the parabolic cross section through 
radians about the y-axis. Applying the first theorem of Pappus-Guldinus, we have
A   xL
Now at x  100 mm, y  250 mm

250  k (100)2 or k  0.025 mm1
and x EL  x
2
 dy 
dL  1    dx
 dx 
dy
where  2 kx
dx
Then dL  1  4 k 2 x 2 dx
 
100
We have xL   x EL dL   0
x 1  4 k 2 x 2dx
1 1 100
xL   (1  4 k 2 x 2 )3/ 2 
 3 4 k 2
 0

1
12 (0.025)
1
2  3/2
[1  4(0.025)2 (100)2 ]  (1)
3/2

 17,543.3 mm 2
Finally, A  (17,543.3 mm 2 ) or A  55.1103 mm 2 ◀
637
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.66
For the beam and loading shown, determine (a) the magnitude
and location of the resultant of the distributed load, (b) the
reactions at the beam supports.
SOLUTION
1
(a) R I  (400 N/m)(6 m)
2
 1200 N
R II  (1600 N/m)(6 m)
 4800 N
  Fy  0 :  R  R I  R II
R  1200 N  4800 N
R  6000 N
M A  0 :  X 6000  2 1200  4 4800

X  3.60 m
R  6000 N  , X  3.60 m ◀
(b) Reactions Fx  0 : A x  0

Fy  0 : A y  6000  0 A y  6000 N
A  6000 N ◀
M A  0: M A  (6000 N)(3.60 m)  0
MA  21.6 kN  m ◀
638
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.67
For the beam and loading shown, determine (a) the

magnitude and location of the resultant of the distributed
load, (b) the reactions at the beam supports.
SOLUTION
2
(a) R w L
3 A
2
R  (6 kN/m)(8m)  32.0 kN
3
3
x L
8
3
x  8 m  3.0 m
8
R  32.0 kN , x  3.00 m to the right of A.◀
(b)  M A  0: 32.0 kN (3 m)  B(8 m)  0
B  12.00 kN ◀
 Fy  0: A  12.00 kN  32.0 kN  0
A  20.0 kN ◀
639
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.68
Determine the reactions at the beam supports for the given

loading.
SOLUTION
R I  (40 lb/in.)(10 in.)  400 lb

1
R II  (50 lb/in.)(6 in.)  150 lb
2
Fy  0: B  400 lb  150 lb  0

B  550 lb ◀
M B  0:  M B  (150 lb)(2 in.)  (400 lb)(5 in.)  0
M B  2300 lb  in. ◀
640
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.69

loading.
SOLUTION
R  (800 lb/ft)(18 ft)

 14, 400 lb
M A  0: B(20 ft)  (14,400 lb)(5 ft)  0
B  3600 lb ◀
Fy  0: A  14,400 lb  3600 lb  0
A  10,800 lb ◀
641
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.70

loading.
SOLUTION
1
We have R I  (6 ft)(200 lb/ft)  1200 lb
2
1
R II  (6 ft)(450 lb/ft)  1350 lb
2
R III  (2 ft)(600 lb/ft)  1200 lb
Then Fx  0: Ax  0
M B  0: (3 ft)(1200 lb)  (2 ft)(1350 lb)  (10 ft) Ay  0
or Ay  90.0 lb A  90.0 lb ◀
Fy  0: 90.0 lb  By  1350 lb  1200 lb  0
or By  240 lb B  240 lb ◀
642
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.71
Determine the reactions at the beam supports for the given loading.
SOLUTION
First replace the given loading by the loadings shown below. Both loadings are equivalent since they are
both defined by a linear relation between load and distance and have the same values at the end points.
1
R1  (1500 N/m)(4 m)  3000 N
2
1
R2  (900 N/m)(4 m)  1800 N
2
Fy  0: B  1800 N  3000 N  0
B  1200 N ◀
8  4 
 M B  0: M B  (1800 N)  m  (3000 N)  m  0
 3   3 
M B  800 N  m ◀
643
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.72

loading.
SOLUTION
1
We have R I  (12 ft)(200 lb/ft)  800 lb
3
1
R II  (6 ft)(100 lb/ft)  200 lb
3
Then Fx  0: A x  0
Fy  0: A y  800 lb  200 lb  0
or A y  1000 lb A  1000 lb ◀
M A  0: M A  (3 ft)(800 lb)  (16.5 ft)(200 lb)  0
or M A  5700 lb  ft MA  5700 lb  ft ◀
644
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.73

loading.
SOLUTION
First replace the given loading with the loading shown below. The two loadings are equivalent because
both are defined by a parabolic relation between load and distance and the values at the end points are the
same.
We have R I  (6 m)(300 N/m)  1800 N

2
R II  (6 m)(1200 N/m)  4800 N
3
Then Fx  0: A x  0
Fy  0: Ay  1800 N  4800 N  0

or A y  3000 N A  3.00 kN ◀
15 
M A  0: M A  (3 m)(1800 N)   m (4800 N)  0
4 
or M A  12.6 kN  m MA  12.60 kN  m ◀
645
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.74
Determine (a) the distance a so that the vertical reactions at

supports A and B are equal, (b) the corresponding reactions at
the supports.
SOLUTION
(a)
1
We have R I  (a m)(1800 N/m)  900a N
2
1
R II  [(4  a) m](600 N/m)  300(4  a) N
2
Then Fy  0: A y  900a  300(4  a)  B y  0
or A y  B y  1200  600a
Now A y  B y  A y  B y  600  300a (N) (1)
 a 
Also, M B  0:  (4 m)A y  4   m  [(900a) N]
 3  
1 
  (4  a) m  [300(4  a) N]  0
 3 
or A y  400  700a  50a2 (2)
Equating Eqs. (1) and (2), 600  300a  400  700a  50a2
or a2  8a  4  0
8  (8)2  4(1)(4)
Then a
2
or a  0.53590 m a  7.4641 m Now a4 m  a  0.536 m ◀
646
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
(b) We have Fx  0: A x  0
From Eq. (1): A y  By

 600  300 (0.53590)
 761 N A  B  761 N ◀
647
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.75
Determine (a) the distance a so that the reaction at support B is

minimum, (b) the corresponding reactions at the supports.
SOLUTION
(a)
1
We have R I  (a m)(1800 N/m)  900a N
2
1
R II  [(4  a)m](600 N/m)  300(4  a) N
2
a   8  a 
Then M A  0:  m (900a N)   m[300(4  a)N]  (4 m)B y  0
3   3 
or B y  50a2  100a  800 (1)
dB y
Then  100a  100  0 or a  1.000 m ◀
da
(b) From Eq. (1): B y  50(1)2  100(1)  800  750 N B  750 N ◀
and Fx  0: A x  0
Fy  0: A y  900(1) N  300(4  1) N  750 N  0
or A y  1050 N A  1050 N ◀
648
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.76
Determine the reactions at the beam supports for the given loading
when  0 = 150 lb/ft.
SOLUTION
1
We have RI  (18 ft)(450 lb/ft)  4050 lb
2
1
RII  (18 ft)(150 lb/ft)  1350 lb
2
Then Fx  0: C x  0
M B  0:  (44,100 kip  ft)  (2 ft)  (4050 lb)

 (8 ft)(1350 lb)  (12 ft)C y  0
or C y  5250 lb C  5250 lb ◀
Fy  0: By  4050 lb  1350 lb  5250 lb  0
or By  150 lb B  150.0 lb ◀
649
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.77
Determine (a) the distributed load  0 at the end D of the

beam ABCD for which the reaction at B is zero, (b) the
corresponding reaction at C.
SOLUTION
(a)
1
We have RI  (18 ft)(450 lb/ft)  4050 lb
2
1
RII  (18 ft)(0 lb/ft)  9 0 lb
2
Then MC  0:  (44,100 lb  ft)  (10 ft)(4050 lb)  (4 ft)(90 lb)  0
or 0  100.0 lb/ft
(b) Fx  0: C x  0
Fy  0:  4050 lb  (9 100) lb  C y  0
or C y  4950 lb C  4950 lb
650
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.78
The beam AB supports two concentrated loads and rests on soil that
exerts a linearly distributed upward load as shown. Determine the
values of  A and  B corresponding to equilibrium.
SOLUTION
1
R I  A (1.8 m)  0.9A
2
1
R II  B (1.8 m)  0.9B
2
M D  0: (24 kN)(1.2  a)  (30 kN)(0.3 m)  (0.9A )(0.6 m)  0 (1)
For a  0.6 m, 24(1.2  0.6)  (30)(0.3)  0.54 a  0
14.4  9  0.54 A  0 A  10.00 kN/m ◀
Fy  0:  24 kN  30 kN  0.9(10 kN/m)  0.9B  0 B  50.0 kN/m ◀
651
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.79
For the beam and loading of Problem 5.78, determine (a) the
distance a for which  A 20 kN/m, (b) the corresponding value of
B.
PROBLEM 5.78 The beam AB supports two concentrated loads

and rests on soil that exerts a linearly distributed upward load as
shown. Determine the values of  A and  B corresponding to
equilibrium.
SOLUTION
1
We have R I  (1.8 m)(20 kN/m)  18 kN
2
1
R II  (1.8 m)(B kN/m)  0.9B kN
2
(a) M C  0: (1.2  a)m  24 kN  0.6 m 18 kN  0.3 m  30 kN  0
or a  0.375 m ◀
(b) Fy  0: 24 kN  18 kN  (0.9B ) kN  30 kN  0
or  B  40.0 kN/m ◀
652
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.80
The cross section of a concrete dam is as shown. For a 1-ft-wide

dam section determine (a) the resultant of the reaction forces exerted
by the ground on the base AB of the dam, (b) the point of application
of the resultant of part a, (c) the resultant of the pressure forces
exerted by the water on the face BC of the dam.
SOLUTION
The free body shown consists of a 1-ft thick section of the dam and the triangular section of water above
the dam.
Note: x1  6 ft
x 2  (9  3)ft  12 ft
x 3  15  2 ft  17 ft
x 4  15  4 ft  19 ft
(a) Now W  V
1 
So that W1  (150 lb/ft 3 )  (9 ft) 15 ft  (1 ft)  10,125 lb
 2 
3
W2  (150 lb/ft )[(6 ft)(18 ft)(1 ft)]  16,200 lb
1 
W3  (150 lb/ft 3 )  6 ft 18 ft  (1 ft)  8100 lb
 2 
 1 
W4  (62.4 lb/ft 3 )  (6 ft) 18 ft  (1 ft)  3369.6 lb
 2 
1 1
Also P A p  [(18 ft)(1 ft)][(62.4 lb/ft 3 )(18 ft)]  10,108.8 lb
2 2
Then Fx  0: H  10,108.8 lb  0 or H  10.11 kips ◀
653
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
Fy  0: V 10,125 lb 16,200 lb  8100 lb  3369.6 lb  0
or V  37, 795 lb V  37.8 kips ◀
(b) We have M A  0: x (37,794.6 lb)  (6 ft)(10,125 lb)  (12 ft)(16,200 lb)

(17 ft)(8100 lb)  (19 ft)(3369.6 lb)
(6 ft)(10,108.8 lb)  0
or 37, 794.6x  60, 750  194, 400  137, 700  64,022.4  60,652.8  0
or x  10.48 ft ◀
(c) Consider water section BCD as the free body
We have F  0, W 4  3369.6 lb, P  10,108.8 lb
Then R  10.66 kips 18.43 or R  10.66 kips 18.43 ◀
654
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.81
The cross section of a concrete dam is as shown. For a 1-m-wide

dam section, determine (a) the resultant of the reaction forces
exerted by the ground on the base AB of the dam, (b) the point of
application of the resultant of part a, (c) the resultant of the pressure
forces exerted by the water on the face BC of the dam.
SOLUTION
(a) Consider free body made of dam and section BDE of water. (Thickness  1 m)
p  (3 m)(10 kg/m 3 )(9.81 m/s2 )
W1  (1.5 m)(4 m)(1 m)(2.4 103 kg/m 3 )(9.81 m/s2 )  144.26 kN

1
W 2  (2 m)(3 m)(1 m)(2.4 103 kg/m 3 )(9.81 m/s2 )  47.09 kN
3
2
W 3  (2 m)(3 m)(1 m)(103 kg/m 3 )(9.81 m/s2 )  39.24 kN
3
1 1
P  A p  (3 m)(1 m)(3 m)(103 kg/m 3 )(9.81 m/s2 )  44.145 kN
2 2
Fx  0: H  44.145 kN  0
H  44.145 kN H  44.1 kN ◀
Fy  0: V  141.26  47.09  39.24 = 0
V  227.6 kN V  228 kN ◀
655
lOMoARcPSD|14112407

1
x1  (1.5 m)  0.75 m
2
1
x 2  1.5 m  (2 m)  2 m
4
5
x 3  1.5 m  (2 m)  2.75 m
8
M A  0: xV xW  P (1 m)  0
x (227.6 kN)  (141.26 kN)(0.75 m)  (47.09 kN)(2 m)

 (39.24 kN)(2.75 m)  (44.145 kN)(1 m)  0
x (227.6 kN)  105.9  94.2  107.9  44.145  0
x (227.6)  263.9  0
x  1.159 m (to right of A) ◀
(b) Resultant of face BC:
Consider free body of section BDE of water.
R  59.1 kN 41.6
R  59.1 kN 41.6 ◀
656
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.82
The dam for a lake is designed to withstand the additional force caused by
silt that has settled on the lake bottom. Assuming that silt is equivalent to
a liquid of density s  1.76 103 kg/m 3 and considering a 1-m-wide
section of dam, determine the percentage increase in the force acting on
the dam face for a silt accumulation of depth 2 m.
SOLUTION
First, determine the force on the dam face without the silt.
1 1
We have Pw  Apw  A( gh)
2 2
1
 [(6.6 m)(1 m)][(103 kg/m 3 )(9.81 m/s2 )(6.6 m)]
2
 213.66 kN
Next, determine the force on the dam face with silt
1
We have Pw  [(4.6 m)(1 m)][(103 kg/m 3 )(9.81 m/s2 )(4.6 m)]
2
 103.790 kN
(Ps )I  [(2.0 m)(1 m)][(103 kg/m 3 )(9.81 m/s2 )(4.6 m)]
 90.252 kN
1
(Ps )II  [(2.0 m)(1 m)][(1.76 103 kg/m 3 )(9.81 m/s2 )(2.0 m)]
2
 34.531 kN
Then P   Pw  (Ps )I  (Ps )II  228.57 kN
The percentage increase, % inc., is then given by
P   Pw
% inc.  100%
Pw
(228.57  213.66)
 100%
213.66
 6.9874% % inc.  6.98% ◀
657
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.83
The base of a dam for a lake is designed to resist up to 120 percent of the
horizontal force of the water. After construction, it is found that silt (that is
equivalent to a liquid of density s  1.76 103 kg/m 3 ) is settling on the
lake bottom at the rate of 12 mm/year. Considering a 1-m-wide section of
dam, determine the number of years until the dam becomes unsafe.
SOLUTION
First determine force on dam without the silt,
1 1
Pw  A pw  A ( gh)
2 2
1
 [(6.6 m)(1 m)][(103 kg/m 3 )(9.81 m/s2 )(6.6 m)]
2
 213.66 kN
Pallow  1.2Pw  (1.5)(213.66 kN)  256.39 kN
Next determine the force P  on the dam face after a depth d of silt has settled.
1
We have Pw  [(6.6  d ) m  (1 m)][(103 kg/m 3 )(9.81 m/s2 )(6.6  d ) m]
2
 4.905(6.6  d )2 kN
(Ps )I  [d (1 m)][(103 kg/m 3 )(9.81 m/s2 )(6.6  d ) m]
 9.81(6.6d  d 2 ) kN
1
(Ps )II  [d (1 m)][(1.76 103 kg/m 3 )(9.81 m/s2 )(d ) m]
2
 8.6328d 2 kN
P   Pw  ( Ps )I  ( Ps )II  [4.905(43.560 13.2000d  d 2 )

 9.81(6.6d  d 2 )  8.6328d 2 ] kN
 [3.7278d 2  213.66] kN
Now it’s required that P   Pallow to determine the maximum value of d.
(3.7278d 2  213.66) kN  256.39 kN
or d  3.3856 m
m
Finally, 3.3856 m  12 103 N or N  282 years ◀
year
658
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.84
The friction force between a 6  6-ft square sluice gate AB and its guides is equal
to 10 percent of the resultant of the pressure forces exerted by the water on the face
of the gate. Determine the initial force needed to lift the gate if it weighs 1000 lb.
SOLUTION
Consider the free-body diagram of the gate.
1 1
Now PI  ApI  [(6  6) ft 2 ][(62.4 lb/ft 3 )(9 ft)]
2 2
 10,108.8 lb
1 1
PII  ApII  [(6  6)ft 2 ][(62.4 lb/ft 3 )(15 ft)]
2 2
 16848 lb
Then F  0.1P  0.1( PI  PII )
 0.1(10108.8  16848)lb
 2695.7 lb
Finally Fy  0: T  2695.7 lb  1000 lb  0 or T  3.70 kips ◀
659
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.85
A freshwater marsh is drained to the ocean through an automatic tide

gate that is 4 ft wide and 3 ft high. The gate is held by hinges located
along its top edge at A and bears on a sill at B. If the water level in the
marsh is h  6 ft, determine the ocean level d for which the gate will
open. (Specific weight of salt water  64 lb/ft 3 .)
SOLUTION
Since gate is 4 ft wide w  (4 ft)p  4  (depth)

Thus: w1  4  (h  3)
w2  4  h
w1  4  (d  3)
w2  4  d
1
PI PI  (3 ft)(w1  w1 )
2
1
 (3 ft)[4 (d  3)  4(h  3)]  6  (d  3)  6  (h  3)
2
1
PII  PII  (3 ft)(w2  w2 )
2
1
 (3 ft)[4 d  4  h]  6  d  6  h
2
M A  0: (3 ft)B  (1 ft)(PI  PI )  (2 ft)(PII  PII )  0
1 2
B  ( PI  PI )  ( PII  PII )
3 3
1 2
 [6  (d  3)  6  (h  3)]  [6  d  6  h]
3 3
 2  (d  3)  2  (h  3)  4  d  4  h
B  6  (d  1)  6  (h  1)
660
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
With B  0 and h  6 ft: 0  6  (d  1)  6  (h  1)


d 1  5

Data:    64 lb/ft 3
  62.4 lb/ft 3
62.4 lb/ft 3
d 1  5
64 lb/ft 3
 4.875 ft d  5.88 ft ◀
661
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.86
The 3  4-m side AB of a tank is hinged at its bottom A and is held in place by a
thin rod BC. The maximum tensile force the rod can withstand without breaking
is 200 kN, and the design specifications require the force in the rod not to exceed
20 percent of this value. If the tank is slowly filled with water, determine the
maximum allowable depth of water d in the tank.
SOLUTION
Consider the free-body diagram of the side.
1 1
We have P A p  A ( gd )
2 2
d
Now M A  0: hT  P  0
3
where h3 m
Then for dmax ,
d max  1 
(3 m)(0.2  200 103 N)  3 3 2
 (4 m  d max )  (10 kg/m  9.81 m/s  d max )  0
3  2 
3
or 120 N  m  6.54d max N/m 2  0
or d max  2.64 m ◀
662
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.87
The 3  4-m side of an open tank is hinged at its bottom A and is held in place by a
3
thin rod BC. The tank is to be filled with glycerine, whose density is 1263 kg/m .
Determine the force T in the rod and the reactions at the hinge after the tank is
filled to a depth of 2.9 m.
SOLUTION
Consider the free-body diagram of the side.
1 1
We have P A p  A ( gd )
2 2
1
 [(2.9 m)(4 m)] [(1263 kg/m 3 )(9.81 m/s2 )(2.9 m)]
2
= 208.40 kN
Then Fy  0: A y  0
 2.9 
M A  0: (3 m)T   m (208.4 kN)  0
 3 
or T  67.151 kN T  67.2 kN ◀
Fx  0: A x  208.40 kN  67.151 kN  0
or A x  141.249 kN A  141.2 kN ◀
663
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.88
A 0.5  0.8-m gate AB is located at the bottom of a tank filled with

water. The gate is hinged along its top edge A and rests on a
frictionless stop at B. Determine the reactions at A and B when cable
BCD is slack.
SOLUTION
First consider the force of the water on the gate.
1 1
We have P A p  A ( gh )
2 2
1
so that PI  [(0.5 m)(0.8 m)][(103 kg/m 3 )(9.81 m/s2 )(0.45 m)]
2
 882.9 N
1
PII  [(0.5 m)(0.8 m)][(103 kg/m 3 )(9.81 m/s2 )(0.93 m)]
2
 1824.66 N
Reactions at A and B when T  0:
We have
1 2
M A  0: (0.8 m)(882.9 N) + (0.8 m)(1824.66 N)  (0.8 m)B  0
3 3
or B  1510.74 N
or B  1511 N 53.1 ◀
F  0: A  1510.74 N  882.9 N  1824.66 N  0
or A  1197 N 53.1 ◀
664
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.89
A 0.5  0.8-m gate AB is located at the bottom of a tank filled with

water. The gate is hinged along its top edge A and rests on a
frictionless stop at B. Determine the minimum tension required in
cable BCD to open the gate.
SOLUTION
First consider the force of the water on the gate.
1 1
We have P A p  A ( gh )
2 2
1
so that PI  [(0.5 m)(0.8 m)][(103 kg/m 3 )(9.81 m/s2 )(0.45 m)]
2
 882.9 N
1
PII  [(0.5 m)(0.8 m)][(103 kg/m 3 )(9.81 m/s2 )(0.93 m)]
2
 1824.66 N
T to open gate:
First note that when the gate begins to open, the reaction at B 0.
1 2
Then M A  0: (0.8 m)(882.9 N)+ (0.8 m)(1824.66 N)
3 3
8 
(0.45  0.27)m  T   0
17 
or 235.44  973.152  0.33882 T  0
or T  3570 N ◀
665
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.90
A 4  2-ft gate is hinged at A and is held in position by rod CD.

End D rests against a spring whose constant is 828 lb/ft. The spring
is undeformed when the gate is vertical. Assuming that the force
exerted by rod CD on the gate remains horizontal, determine the
minimum depth of water d for which the bottom B of the gate will
move to the end of the cylindrical portion of the floor.
SOLUTION
First determine the forces exerted on the gate by the spring and the water when B is at the end of the
cylindrical portion of the floor.
2
We have sin     30
4
Then x SP  (3 ft) tan 30
and FSP  kx SP
 828 lb/ft  3 ft  tan30°
 1434.14 lb
Assume d  4 ft
1 1
We have P A p  A ( h)
2 2
1
Then PI  [(4 ft)(2 ft)][(62.4 lb/ft 3 )(d  4) ft]
2
 249.6(d  4) lb
1
PII  [(4 ft)(2 ft)][(62.4 lb/ft 3 )(d  4  4 cos30)]
2
 249.6(d  0.53590) lb
For d min so that the gate opens, W 0
Using the above free-body diagrams of the gate, we have
4  8 
M A  0:  ft [249.6(d  4) lb]   ft [249.6(d  0.53590) lb]
3  3 
(3 ft)(1434.14 lb)  0
or (332.8d  1331.2)  (665.6d  356.70)  4302.4  0
or d  6.00 ft
d  4 ft  assumption correct d  6.00 ft ◀
666
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.91
Solve Problem 5.90 if the gate weighs 1000 lb.
PROBLEM 5.90 A 4  2-ft gate is hinged at A and is held in

position by rod CD. End D rests against a spring whose constant is
828 lb/ft. The spring is undeformed when the gate is vertical.
Assuming that the force exerted by rod CD on the gate remains
horizontal, determine the minimum depth of water d for which the
bottom B of the gate will move to the end of the cylindrical portion
of the floor.
SOLUTION
First determine the forces exerted on the gate by the spring and the water when B is at the end of the
cylindrical portion of the floor.
2
We have sin     30
4
Then x SP  (3 ft) tan 30
and FSP  kx SP  828 lb/ft  3 ft  tan30°
 1434.14 lb
Assume d  4 ft
1 1
We have P A p  A ( h)
2 2
1
Then PI  [(4 ft)(2 ft)][(62.4 lb/ft 3 )(d  4) ft]
2
 249.6(d  4) lb
1
PII  [(4 ft)(2 ft)][(62.4 lb/ft 3 )(d  4  4 cos30)]
2
 249.6(d  0.53590) lb
For d min so that the gate opens, W  1000 lb
Using the above free-body diagrams of the gate, we have
4  8 
M A  0:  ft [249.6(d  4) lb]   ft [249.6(d  0.53590) lb]
3  3 
 (3 ft)(1434.14 lb)  (1 ft)(1000 lb)  0
or (332.8d  1331.2)  (665.6d  356.70)  4302.4  1000  0
or d  7.00 ft
d  4 ft  assumption correct d  7.00 ft ◀
667
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.92
A prismatically shaped gate placed at the end of a freshwater channel is

supported by a pin and bracket at A and rests on a frictionless support at B.
The pin is located at a distance h  0.10 m below the center of gravity C
of the gate. Determine the depth of water d for which the gate will open.
SOLUTION
First note that when the gate is about to open (clockwise rotation is impending), B y 0 and the line of
action of the resultant P of the pressure forces passes through the pin at A. In addition, if it is assumed that
the gate is homogeneous, then its center of gravity C coincides with the centroid of the triangular area.
Then
d
a
 (0.25  h)
3
2 8 d 
and b  (0.4)   
3 15  3 
a 8
Now 
b 15
3  (0.25  h )
d
8
so that 
2
 
3 (0.4)  15 3
8 d
15
Simplifying yields
289 70.6
d  15h  (1)
45 12
Alternative solution:
Consider a free body consisting of a 1-m thick section of the gate and the triangular section BDE of water
above the gate.
1 1
Now P  A p   (d 1 m)( gd )
2 2
1 2
  gd (N)
2
1 8 
W    gV   g   d  d 1 m
 2 15 
4
  gd 2 (N)
15
668
lOMoARcPSD|14112407

Then with B y  0 (as explained above), we have
2 1  8   4  d 1 
M A  0:  (0.4)   d    gd 2     (0.25  h)   gd 2   0
 3 3 15  15   3   2 
289 70.6
Simplifying yields d  15h 
45 12
as above.
Find d: h  0.10 m
289 70.6
Substituting into Eq. (1), d  15(0.10)  or d  0.683 m ◀
45 12
669
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.93
A prismatically shaped gate placed at the end of a freshwater channel is

supported by a pin and bracket at A and rests on a frictionless support at
B. Determine the distance h if the gate is to open when d  0.75 m.
SOLUTION
First note that when the gate is about to open (clockwise rotation is impending), B y 0 and the line of
action of the resultant P of the pressure forces passes through the pin at A. In addition, if it is assumed that
the gate is homogeneous, then its center of gravity C coincides with the centroid of the triangular area.
Then
d
a
 (0.25  h)
3
2 8 d 
and b  (0.4)   
3 15  3 
a 8
Now 
b 15
3  (0.25  h )
d
8
so that 
2
 
3 (0.4)  15 3
8 d
15
Simplifying yields
289 70.6
d  15h  (1)
45 12
Alternative solution:
Consider a free body consisting of a 1-m thick section of the gate and the triangular section BDE of water
above the gate.
Now P   1 A p   1 (d 1 m)( gd )
2 2
1 2
  gd (N)
2
1 8 
W    gV   g   d  d 1 m
 2 15 
4
  gd 2 (N)
15
670
lOMoARcPSD|14112407

Then with B y  0 (as explained above), we have
2 1  8   4  d 1 
M A  0:  (0.4)   d    gd 2     (0.25  h)   gd 2   0
 3  
3 15  15   3 
 2 
289 70.6
Simplifying yields d  15h 
45 12
as above.
Find h: d  0.75 m
289 70.6
Substituting into Eq. (1), (0.75)  15h  or h  0.0711 m ◀
45 12
671
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.94
A long trough is supported by a continuous hinge along

its lower edge and by a series of horizontal cables
attached to its upper edge. Determine the tension in
each of the cables, at a time when the trough is
completely full of water.
SOLUTION
Consider free body consisting of 20-in. length of the trough and water.
l  20-in. length of free body
 
W  v    r 2 l 
 4 
PA   r
1 1 1
P PA rl  ( r )rl   r 2 l
2 2 2
1 
M A  0: Tr  W r  P  r   0
3 
   4 r   1  1 
Tr   r 2 l      r 2 l  r   0
 4  3   2  3 
1 1 1
T  r2l  r2l  r2l
3 6 2
24 20
Data:   62.4 lb/ft 3 r  ft  2 ft l  ft
12 12
1  20 
Then T  (62.4 lb/ft 3 )(2 ft)2  ft 
2  12 
 208.00 lb T  208 lb ◀
672
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.95
The square gate AB is held in the position shown by hinges along its top edge
A and by a shear pin at B. For a depth of water d  3.5 ft, determine the force
exerted on the gate by the shear pin.
SOLUTION
First consider the force of the water on the gate. We have
1
P  Ap
2
1
 A ( h)
2
1
Then PI  (1.8 ft)2 (62.4 lb/ft 3 )(1.7 ft)
2
 171.850 lb
1
PII  (1.8 ft)2 (62.4 lb/ft 3 )  (1.7  1.8cos30) ft
2
 329.43 lb
1  2 
Now M A  0:  L A B  PI   L A B  PII  L A B FB  0
3  3 
1 2
or (171.850 lb)  (329.43 lb)  FB  0
3 3
or FB  276.90 lb FB  277 lb 30.0 ◀
673
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.96
Consider the composite body shown. Determine (a) the

value of x when h  L /2, (b) the ratio h/L for which
x  L.
SOLUTION
V x xV
Rectangular 1 1 2
Lab L L ab
prism 2 2
1  b  1 1  1 
Pyramid a h L h abh L  h
3  2  4 6  4 
 1 
Then V  ab L  h
 6 
1   1 
xV  ab 3L2  h L  h
6   4 
Now X V  xV
  1  1  1 
so that X ab L  h  ab 3L2  hL  h 2 
  6  6  4 
 1 h  1  h 1 h 2 
or X 1    L 3    (1)
 6 L 6  L 4 L2 
1
(a) X ? when h  L .
2
h 1
Substituting  into Eq. (1),
L 2
 1  1  1   1  1  1 2 
X 1     L 3       
 6  2  6  2 4 2

57
or X  L X  0.548L ◀
104
674
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
h
(b)  ? when X  L .
L
 1 h  1  h 1 h 2 
Substituting into Eq. (1), L 1    L 3   
 6 L  6  L 4 L2 
1h 1 1h 1 h2
or 1   
6 L 2 6 L 24 L2
h2 h
or  12 2 3◀
L2 L
675
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.97
A cone and a cylinder of the same radius a and height h are attached as
shown. Determine the location of the centroid of the composite body.
SOLUTION
V y yV
3 1
Cylinder r 2 h h 1 r 2 h 2
2 2
1 2 3 1 2 2
Cone r h h r h
3 4 4
4 2
V  r h
3
3
 yV  1 r 2 h 2
4
4  3
YV   yV : Y  r 2 h  1 r 2 h 2
 3  4
21
Y h above the vertex of the cone.◀
16
676
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.98
Determine the location of the center of gravity of the parabolic

reflector shown, which is formed by machining a rectangular block
so that the curved surface is a paraboloid of revolution of base
radius a and height h.
SOLUTION
V y yV
1
Block 4a 2 h  h 2a 2 h 2
2
1 1 1
Paraboloid of Rev.  a2 h  h  a2 h2
2 3 6
 
Then V  4   a 2 h
 2 
 
 yV  2   a 2 h 2
 6 
Now YV   yV
   
So that Y 4   a 2 h  2   a 2 h 2
 2   6 
12  
or Y  h
24  3
Y  0.608h ◀
By symmetry: X  Z  0 ◀
677
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.99
Locate the centroid of the frustum of a right circular cone when r1  40 mm,
r2  50 mm, and h  60 mm.
SOLUTION
By similar triangles:
h1 h1  60
 h1  240 mm, therefore h2  240  60  300 mm
40 50
1 300 1 240
y1  h2   75 mm y 2  60  h1  60   120 mm
4 4 4 4
 2 
V1  50 300  250 103  V2  402 240  128 103 
3 3
V mm 3 y mm y V mm 4
Cone 1 250 103  75 18.75 106 
Cone 2 128 103  120 15.36 106 

 122 103  3.39 106 
Y V  yV
Y 122 103    3.39 106 
Y  27.787 mm Centroid is 27.8 mm above base of cone. ◀
678
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.100
For the stop bracket shown, locate the x coordinate of the center
of gravity.
SOLUTION
Assume that the bracket is homogeneous so that its center of gravity coincides with the centroid of the
volume.
V , mm 3 x , mm xV , mm 4
1 (100)(88)(12)  105600 50 5280000
2 (100)(12)(88)  105600 50 5280000
1
3 (62)(51)(10)  15810 39 616590
2
1 2 1389960
4  (66)(45)(12)  17820 34  (66)  78
2 3
 209190 9786600
 xV 9786600
Then X  mm or X  46.8 mm ◀
V 209190
679
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.101
For the stop bracket shown, locate the z coordinate of the center of
gravity.
SOLUTION
Assume that the bracket is homogeneous so that it center of gravity coincides with the centroid of the volume.
V , mm 3 z , mm zV , mm 4
1 (100)(88)(12)  105600 6 633600
1
2 (100)(12)(88)  105600 12  (88)  56 5913600
2
1 1
3 (62)(51)(10)  15810 12  (51)  29 458490
2 3
1 2 1514700
4  (66)(45)(12)  17820 55  (45)  85
2 3
 209190 5491000
z V 5491000
Then Z  mm or Z  26.2 mm ◀
V 209190
680
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.102
For the machine element shown, locate the x coordinate of

the center of gravity.
SOLUTION
Divide element into four sections consisting of half cylinder, minus a whole cylinder, a vertical plate, and
a horizontal plate. Then, using Fig. 5.8a,
V, in 3 x , in. x V, in 4
I Half Cylinder  (3)2 (1)  14.1372 0 0

2
II -Whole Cylinder (1)2   0 0
III Vertical Plate (1)(6)(5)  30 0 0
IV Horizontal Plate (3)(6)(1)  18 2 36
 58.996 36
X V   xV
X (58.996 in3 )  36 in 4
X  0.610 in. ◀
681
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.103
For the machine element shown, locate the y coordinate of

the center of gravity.
SOLUTION
Divide element into four sections consisting of half cylinder, minus a whole cylinder, a vertical plate, and
a horizontal plate. Then, using Fig. 5.8a,
V, in 3 y , in. y V, in 4
 (3)2 (1)  14.1372 4(3)

I Half Cylinder  1.27324 18
2 3
II -Whole Cylinder (1)2   0 0

III Vertical Plate (1)(6)(5)  30 2.5 75
IV Horizontal Plate (3)(6)(1)  18 4.5 81
 58.996 138
Now Y V  yV
Y (58.996 in3 )  138 in 4 Y  2.34 in. ◀
682
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.104
For the machine element shown, locate the y coordinate of the

center of gravity.
SOLUTION
First assume that the machine element is homogeneous so that its center of gravity will coincide with the
centroid of the corresponding volume.
V, mm 3 x , mm y , mm x V, mm 4 y V, mm 4
I (120)(100)(10)  120 103 5 50 0.60 106 6.00 106
II (120)(50)(10)  60 103 35 5 2.10 106 0.30 106


III (60)2 (10)  56.549 103 85.5 5 4.8349 106 0.28274 106
2
IV (40)2 (10)  50.266 103 60 5 3.0160 106 0.25133106
V 2
 30 10  28.274 103 5 50 0.141370 106 1.41370 106
 258.54 103 10.4095 106 4.9177 106
We have YV   yV
Y (258.54 103 mm 3 )  4.9177 106 mm 4 or Y  19.02 mm ◀
683
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.105
For the machine element shown, locate the x coordinate of the

center of gravity.
SOLUTION
First assume that the machine element is homogeneous so that its center of gravity will coincide with the
centroid of the corresponding volume.
V, mm 3 x , mm y , mm x V, mm 4 y V, mm 4
I (120)(100)(10)  120 103 5 50 0.60 106 6.00 106
II (120)(50)(10)  60 103 35 5 2.10 106 0.30 106


III (60)2 (10)  56.549 103 85.5 5 4.8349 106 0.28274 106
2
IV (40)2 (10)  50.266 103 60 5 3.0160 106 0.25133106
V 2
 30 10  28.274 103 5 50 0.141370 106 1.41370 106
 258.54 103 10.4095 106 4.9177 106
We have X V  xV
Y (258.54 10 mm 3 )  10.4095106 mm 4
3
or X  40.3 mm ◀
684
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.106
Locate the center of gravity of the sheet-metal form shown.
SOLUTION
First assume that the sheet metal is homogeneous so that the center of gravity of the form will coincide
with the centroid of the corresponding area. Now note that symmetry implies
X  125.0 mm ◀
2 80
yII  150 

 200.93 mm
2 80
zII 

 50.930 mm
4 125
yIII  230 
3
 283.05 mm
A, mm 2 y , mm z , mm yA, mm 3 zA, mm 3
I (250)(170)  42500 75 40 3187500 1700000

II (80)(250)  31416 200.93 50930 6312400 1600000
2

III (125)2  24544 283.05 0 6947200 0
2
 98460 16447100 3300000
We have Y  A   y A : Y (98460 mm 2 )  16447100 mm 3 or Y  167.0 mm ◀
Z  A   z A : Z (98460 mm 2 )  3.300 106 mm 3 or Z  33.5 mm ◀
685
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.107
Locate the center of gravity of the sheet-metal form shown.
SOLUTION
First, assume that the sheet metal is homogeneous so that the center of gravity of the form will coincide
with the centroid of the corresponding area.
1
yI   (1.2)  0.4 m
3
1
zI  (3.6)  1.2 m
3
4(1.8) 2.4
xIII    m
3 
A, m 2 x, m y, m z, m xA, m 3 yA, m 3 zA, m 3

1
I (3.6)(1.2)  2.16 1.5 0.4 1.2 3.24 0.864 2.592
2
II (3.6)(1.7)  6.12 0.75 0.4 1.8 4.59 2.448 11.016
 2.4
III (1.8)2  5.0894  0.8 1.8 3.888 4.0715 9.1609
2 
 13.3694 3.942 5.6555 22.769
We have X V   xV : X (13.3694 m 2 )  3.942 m 3 or X  0.295 m ◀
Y V   yV : Y (13.3694 m 2 )  5.6555 m 3 or Y  0.423 m ◀
Z V   z V : Z (13.3694 m 2 )  22.769 m 3 or Z  1.703 m ◀
686
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.108
A corner reflector for tracking by radar has two sides in the

shape of a quarter circle with a radius of 15 in. and one side in
the shape of a triangle. Locate the center of gravity of the
reflector, knowing that it is made of sheet metal of uniform
thickness.
SOLUTION
By symmetry, XZ
4 r 4(15)
For I and II (Quarter-circle), x y    6.3662 in.
3 3
 
A  r 2  (15)2  1.76715 in 2
4 4
A, in 2 x , in. x , in. xA, in 3 yA, in 3

I 176.715 6.3662 6.3662 1125.0 1125.0
II 176.715 0 6.3662 0 1125.0
1
III 152  112.50 5.0 0 562.50 0
2
 465.93 1687.50 2250.0
X  A   xA : X (465.93 in 2 )  1687.50 in 3
X  Z  3.62 in. ◀
Y  A   yA : Y (465.93 in 2 )  2250.0 in 3
Y  4.83 in. ◀
687
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.109
A wastebasket, designed to fit in the corner of a room, is 16 in.

high and has a base in the shape of a quarter circle of radius 10
in. Locate the center of gravity of the wastebasket, knowing
that it is made of sheet metal of uniform thickness.
SOLUTION
By symmetry, XZ
2r 2(10)
For III (Cylindrical surface), x   6.3662 in.
 
 
A  rh  (10)(16)  251.33 in 2
2 2
4 r 4(10)
For IV (Quarter-circle bottom), x   4.2441 in.
3 3
 
A  r 2  (10)2  78.540 in 2
4 4
A , in 2 x , in. x , in. xA, in 3 yA, in 3

I (10)(16)  160 5 8 800 1280
II (10)(16)  160 0 8 0 1280
III 251.33 6.3662 8 1600.0 2010.6
IV 78.540 4.2441 0 333.33 0
 649.87 2733.3 4570.6
X  A   xA : X (649.87 in 2 )  2733.3 in 3
X  4.2059 in. X  Z  4.21 in. ◀
Y  A   yA : Y (649.87 in 2 )  4570.6 in 3
Y  7.0331 in. Y  7.03 in. ◀
688
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.110
An elbow for the duct of a ventilating system is made of sheet

metal of uniform thickness. Locate the center of gravity of the
elbow.
SOLUTION
First, assume that the sheet metal is homogeneous so that the center of gravity of the duct coincides with
the centroid of the corresponding area. Also, note that the shape of the duct implies
Y  38.0 mm ◀
2
Note that xI  zI  400  (400)  145.352 mm

2
xII  400  (200)  272.68 mm

2
zII  300  (200)  172.676 mm

4
xIV  zIV  400  (400)  230.23 mm
3
4
xV  400  (200)  315.12 mm
3
4
zV  300  (200)  215.12 mm
3
Also note that the corresponding top and bottom areas will contribute equally when determining x and z .
Thus, A, mm 2 x , mm z , mm xA, mm 3 zA, mm 3


I (400)(76)  47, 752 145.352 145.352 6,940,850 6,940,850
2

II (200)(76)  23,876 272.68 172.676 6,510,510 4,122,810
2
III 100(76)  7600 200 350 1,520,000 2,660,000

IV 2   (400)2  251,327 230.23 230.23 57,863,020 57,863,020
4

V 2   (200)2  62,832 315.12 215.12 –19,799,620 –13,516,420
4
VI 2(100)(200)  40,000 300 350 –12,000,000 –14,000,000
 227,723 41,034,760 44,070,260
689
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
We have X  A   xA: X (227,723 mm 2 )  41,034,760 mm 3 or X  180.2 mm ◀
Z  A   zA: Z (227,723 mm 2 )  44,070,260 mm 3 or Z  193.5 mm ◀
690
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.111
A window awning is fabricated from sheet metal of uniform

thickness. Locate the center of gravity of the awning.
SOLUTION
First, assume that the sheet metal is homogeneous so that the center of gravity of the awning coincides
with the centroid of the corresponding area.
(4)(25)
y II  y VI  4   14.6103 in.
3
(4)(25) 100
z II  z VI   in.
3 3
(2)(25)
y IV  4   19.9155 in.

(2)(25) 50
z IV   in.
 

A II  A VI  (25)2  490.87 in 2
4

A IV  (25)(34)  1335.18 in 2
2
A, in 2 y , in. z , in. yA, in 3 zA, in 3
I (4)(25)  100 2 12.5 200 1250
100
II 490.87 14.6103 7171.8 5208.3
3
III (4)(34)  136 2 25 272 3400
50
IV 1335.18 19.9155 26,591 21,250

V (4)(25)  100 2 12.5 200 1250
100
VI 490.87 14.6103 7171.8 5208.3
3
 2652.9 41,607 37,567
691
lOMoARcPSD|14112407

Now, symmetry implies X  17.00 in. ◀
and Y  A   yA : Y (2652.9 in 2 )  41,607 in 3 or Y  15.68 in. ◀
Z  A   zA : Z (2652.9 in 2 )  37,567 in 3 or Z  14.16 in. ◀
692
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.112
Locate the center of gravity of the sheet-metal form

shown.
SOLUTION
Divide the sheet metal form into 3-sections: I-semicircular area, II-quarter circular area, and III-a
rectangular area. Then, using Fig. 5.8a,
4r 4(4) 16
zI    
3 3 3
 2  2
AI  r  (4)  8
2 2
2r 2(3) 6
yII    
  
2r 2(3) 6
zII  r   3   3   1.09014
  
2 r 2 
AII   (3)  12
4 4
A, in 2 y , in. z , in. yA, in3 zA, in 3
I 8 0 16 / 3 0 -42.667
II 12 6 /  1.09014 72 41.097
III 16 4 3 64 48
 78.832 136 46.430
We have
By symmetry: X  4.00 in. ◀
Y A   yA
Y (78.832 in 2 )  136 in3 or Y  1.725 in. ◀
Z A   zA
Z (78.832 in 2 )  46.430 in3 or Z  0.589 in. ◀
693
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.113
Locate the center of gravity of the sheet-metal form

shown.
SOLUTION
Divide the sheet metal form into 3-sections: I-rectangular area, II-circular area, and III-a semicircular
area. Then, using Fig. 5.8a,
AI  (80)(150)  12000 mm 2
AII  (25)2  1963.50 mm 2

AIII  (40)2 / 2  2513.3 mm 2
yIII  4r / 3  4(40) / 3  16.9765 mm
I 12,000 75 0 900,000 0
II 1963.50 50 0 98,175 0
III 2513.3 150 16.9765 376,950 42,667
 12549.8 1,178,780 42,667
We have
By symmetry: Z 0 ◀
X A   xA
X(12550 mm 2 )  1178780 mm 3 or X  93.9 mm ◀
Y A   yA
Y (12550 mm 2 )  42700 mm 3 or Y  3.40 mm ◀
694
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.114
A thin steel wire of uniform cross section is bent into the shape
shown. Locate its center of gravity.
SOLUTION
First assume that the wire is homogeneous so that its center of gravity
will coincide with the centroid of the corresponding line.
2  2.4 4.8
x2  z2   m
 
L, m x, m y, m z, m xL, m 2 yL, m 2 zL, m 2
1 2.6 1.2 0.5 0 3.12 1.3 0
 4.8 4.8
2  2.4  1.2 0 5.76 0 5.76
2  
3 2.4 0 0 1.2 0 0 2.88
4 1.0 0 0.5 0 0 0.5 0
 9.7699 8.88 1.8 8.64
We have X  L   x L: X (9.7699 m)  8.88 m 2 or X  0.909 m ◀
Y  L   y L: Y (9.7699 m)  1.8 m 2 or Y  0.1842 m ◀
Z  L   z L: Z (9.7699 m)  8.64 m 2 or Z  0.884 m ◀
695
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.115
The frame of a greenhouse is constructed from uniform aluminum

channels. Locate the center of gravity of the portion of the frame shown.
SOLUTION
First assume that the channels are homogeneous so that the center of gravity
of the frame will coincide with the centroid of the corresponding line.
23 6
x8  x 9   ft
 
23
y8  y9  5  6.9099 ft

L , ft x , ft y , ft z , ft xL, ft 2 yL, ft 2 zL , ft 2
1 2 3 0 1 6 0 2
2 3 1.5 0 2 4.5 0 6
3 5 3 2.5 0 15 12.5 0
4 5 3 2.5 2 15 12.5 10
5 8 0 4 2 0 32 16
6 2 3 5 1 6 10 2
7 3 1.5 5 2 4.5 15 6
 6
8  3  4.7124 6.9099 0 9 32.562 0
2 
 6
9  3  4.7124 6.9099 2 9 32.562 9.4248
2 
10 2 0 8 1 0 16 2
 39.4248 69 163.124 53.4248
We have X  L   x L: X (39.4248 ft)  69 ft 2 or X  1.750 ft ◀
Y  L   y L: Y (39.4248 ft)  163.124 ft 2 or Y  4.14 ft ◀
Z  L   z L: Z (39.4248 ft)  53.4248 ft 2 or Z  1.355 ft ◀
696
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.116
Locate the center of gravity of the figure shown, knowing that it is

made of thin brass rods of uniform diameter.
SOLUTION
Uniform rod:
AB 2  (1 m)2  (0.6 m)2  (1.5 m)2
AB  1.9 m
L, m x, m y, m z, m xL, m 2 yL, m 2 L, m

AB 1.9 0.5 0.75 0.3 0.95 1.425 0.57
BD 0.6 1.0 0 0.3 0.60 0 0.18
DO 1.0 0.5 0 0 0.50 0 0
OA 1.5 0 0.75 0 0 1.125 0
 5.0 2.05 2.550 0.75
X  L   x L: X (5.0 m)  2.05 m 2 X  0.410 m ◀
Y  L   y L: Y (5.0 m)  2.55 m 2 Y  0.510 m ◀
Z L  z L : Z (5.0 m)  0.75 m 2 Z  0.1500 m ◀
697
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.117
Locate the center of gravity of the figure shown, knowing that it is

made of thin brass rods of uniform diameter.
SOLUTION
By symmetry, X 0◀
L, in. y , in. z , in. yL, in 2 zL, in 2
AB 302  162  34 15 0 510 0
AD 302  162  34 15 8 510 272
AE 302  162  34 15 0 510 0
2(16)
BDE (16)  50.265 0  10.186 0 512

 152.265 1530 784
YL   y L: Y (152.265 in.)  1530 in 2
Y  10.048 in. Y  10.05 in. ◀
Z L   z L: Z (152.265 in.)  784 in 2
Z  5.149 in. Z  5.15 in. ◀
698
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.118
A scratch awl has a plastic handle and a steel blade and shank. Knowing that the density of plastic is
3
1030 kg/m and of steel is 7860 kg/m 3, locate the center of gravity of the awl.
SOLUTION
First, note that symmetry implies Y Z 0 ◀
5
x I  (12.5 mm)  7.8125 mm
8
 2 
W I  (1030 kg/m 3 )   (0.0125 m)3
 3
 4.2133103 kg
x II  52.5 mm

W II  (1030 kg/m 3 )   (0.025 m)2 (0.08 m)
4
 40.448 103 kg
x III  92.5 mm  25 mm  67.5 mm

W III  (1030 kg/m 3 )   (0.0035 m)2 (0.05 m)
4
 0.49549 103 kg
x IV  182.5 mm  70 mm  112.5 mm

W IV  (7860 kg/m 3 )   (0.0035 m)2 (0.14 m)2  10.5871103 kg
4
1
x V  182.5 mm  (10 mm)  185 mm
4
3 
W V  (7860 kg/m )   (0.00175 m)2 (0.01 m)  0.25207 103 kg
3
699
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
W, kg x, mm xW, kg  mm
I 4.123103 7.8125 32.916 103
II 40.948 103 52.5 2123.5 103
III 0.49549 103 67.5 33.447 103
IV 10.5871103 112.5 1191.05 103
V 0.25207 103 185 46.633103
 55.005 103 3360.7 103
We have X W   xW : X (55.005103 kg)  3360.7 103 kg  mm
or X  61.1 mm ◀
(from the end of the handle)
700
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.119
A bronze bushing is mounted inside a steel sleeve. Knowing that the

3 3
specific weight of bronze is 0.318 lb/in and of steel is 0.284 lb/in ,
determine the location of the center of gravity of the assembly.
SOLUTION
First, note that symmetry implies X Z 0◀
Now W  ( g )V
   
y I  0.20 in. W I  (0.284 lb/in3 )  [(1.82  0.752 ) in 2 ](0.4 in.)  0.23889 lb
 4  
   
y II  0.90 in. W II  (0.284 lb/in3 )  [(1.1252  0.752 ) in 2 ](1 in.)  0.156834 lb
 4  
   
y III  0.70 in. W III  (0.318 lb/in3 )  [(0.752  0.52 ) in 2 ](1.4 in.)  0.109269 lb
 4  
We have Y W   yW
(0.20 in.)(0.23889 lb)  (0.90 in.)(0.156834 lb)  (0.70 in.)(0.109269 lb)
Y
0.23889 lb  0.156834 lb  0.109269 lb
or Y  0.526 in. ◀
(above base)
701
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.120
A brass collar, of length 2.5 in., is mounted on an aluminum rod

of length 4 in. Locate the center of gravity of the composite body.
(Specific weights: brass  0.306 lb/in , aluminum  0.101 lb/in )
3 3
SOLUTION
Aluminum rod: W  V
 
 (0.101 lb/in3 )  (1.6 in.)2 (4 in.)
 4 
 0.81229 lb
Brass collar: W  V

 (0.306 lb/in.3 ) [(3 in.)2  (1.6 in.)2 ](2.5 in.)
4
 3.8693 lb
Component W(lb) y (in.) yW (lb  in.)

Rod 0.81229 2 1.62458
Collar 3.8693 1.25 4.8366
 4.6816 6.4612
Y W   y W : Y (4.6816 lb)  6.4612 lb  in.
Y  1.38013 in. Y  1.380 in. ◀
702
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.121
The three legs of a small glass-topped table are equally spaced and are
made of steel tubing, which has an outside diameter of 24 mm and a
cross-sectional area of 150 mm 2 . The diameter and the thickness of the
table top are 600 mm and 10 mm, respectively. Knowing that the density
of steel is 7860 kg/m 3 and of glass is 2190 kg/m 3, locate the center of
gravity of the table.
SOLUTION
First note that symmetry implies X Z 0◀
Also, to account for the three legs, the masses of components I and II will each bex
multiplied by three
2 180 
y I  12  180  m I  ST V I  7860 kg/m 3  (150 106 m 2 )  (0.180 m)
 2
 77.408 mm  0.33335 kg
2  280 
y II  12  180  m II  ST V II  7860 kg/m 3  (150 106 m 2 )  (0.280 m)
 2
 370.25 mm  0.51855 kg
3  2
y III  24  180  280  5 m III  GLV III  2190 kg/m  (0.6 m)  (0.010 m)
4
 489 mm  6.1921 kg
m , kg y , mm ym , kg  mm
I 3(0.33335) 77.408 77.412
II 3(0.51855) 370.25 515.98
III 6.1921 489 3027.9
 8.7478 3681.3
We have Y m   ym : Y (8.7478 kg)  3681.3 kg  mm
or Y  420.8 mm
The center of gravity is 421 mm ◀
(above the floor)
703
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.122
Determine by direct integration the values of x for the two volumes obtained by passing a vertical
cutting plane through the given shape of Figure 5.21. The cutting plane is parallel to the base of the given
shape and divides the shape into two volumes of equal height.
A hemisphere
SOLUTION
Choose as the element of volume a disk of radius r and thickness dx. Then
dV   r 2dx , x EL  x
The equation of the generating curve is x 2  y 2  a2 so that r 2  a2  x 2 and then
dV  (a2  x 2 )dx
a/2  2 3  a/2
x
 (a  x )dx   a x  
2 2
Component 1: V1 
 3  0
0

11 3
 a
24
a/2
and  1
x EL dV   0
x  (a2  x 2 )dx 
 x 2 x 4  a/2
  a2  
 2 4  0

7
 a4
64
 11  7 21
Now x1V1  x 1
EL dV : x1  a3   a4
 24  64
or x1 
88
a◀
Component 2:
a  2 x 3 
a
 
2 2
V2  (a  x )dx   a x 
 3  a/2
a /2

 a3 
 3 
 a   a  
  a2 (a)    a2   2 
 3    2  3 
  
5 3
 a
24
704
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
a  2 x 2 x 4 a
   
x  (a  x )dx    a  
2 2
and x EL dV 
a/2   2 4  a/2
2

 (a)2 (a)4    a 2  a 4  
  a2    a2 2  2  
 2 4   2 4  
   
9
 a4
64
5  9 27
Now x2V2   2
x EL dV : x2  a3   a 4
 24  64
or x 2 
40
a◀
705
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.123
A semiellipsoid of revolution
SOLUTION
dV   r 2dx , x EL  x
x2 y 2
The equation of the generating curve is  2  1 so that
h2 a
a2 2
r2  (h  x 2 )
h2
a2 2
and then dV   (h  x 2 )dx
h2
 2 3  h/2
h/2 a2 a2 x
Component 1: V1   0
 2 (h 2  x 2 )dx   2
h h
h x  

 3  0
11 2
 a h
24
 a2
h/2 
and  1
x EL dV 
0
 x  2 (h 2  x 2 )dx 
 h



2  2 4  h/2
a x x
  2 h2  

h  2 4  0
7
 a2 h 2
64
 11  7 21
Now x1V1  x 1
EL dV : x1  a 2 h  a 2 h 2
 24  64
or x1 
88
h◀
h a2 2 a2  2 3 h
h x  x 

2
Component 2: V2   ( h  x )dx  
h2 h2  3  h/2
h/2


  3 
 2
a2   (h)3   2 h   2h   
  2  h  h    h     
h  
3   2 3  

  
5
 a2 h
24
706
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
 a2
h 
and
 2
x EL dV  x   2 (h 2  x 2 )dx 
h/2  h



a2  x 2 x 4 
h
  2 h2  
h  2 4  h/2
   2h  
2 4
a2  2 (h)2 (h)4   2  2h 
 2 h   h  
h  2 4   2 4 
  
9 2 2
 a h
64
5  9 27
Now x 2V 2   2
x EL dV : x 2  a2 h  a2 h 2
 24  64
or x 2 
40
h◀
707
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.124
A paraboloid of revolution
SOLUTION
dV   r 2dx , x EL  x
h 2 a2
The equation of the generating curve is x  h  2
y so that r 2  (h  x ).
a h
a2
and then dV   (h  x )dx
h
h/2 a2
Component 1: V1   0

h
(h  x )dx
 2  h/2
a2  hx  x 

h  2  0

3
 a2 h
8
 a2
h/2 
and  1
x EL dV 
0
 x   (h  x )dx 
 h



2  2 3  h/2
a x x 1
   h    a2 h 2

h  2 
3 0 12
3  1 2
Now x1V1  x 1
EL dV : x1  a 2 h  a 2 h 2
8  12
or x1 
9
h◀
Component 2:
ha2 a2  2 h
 hx  x 
V2   h/2
 (h  x )dx  
h h 
 2  h/2

  
2 
a2 
  (h )2    h   2h   

     
   2 
h ( h ) h 
h  2 2 

   

1
 a2 h
8
708
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
h  a2  a2  x 2 x 3 h
and  2
x EL dV   x   (h  x )dx   
h/2 
 h

 h
h
 2

 
3  h/2

   2h  
2 3
a2 
  (h )2 (h )3    2h 
  h    h  
h 2 3   2 3 

  


1 2 2
 a h
12
1  1 2
Now x2V2   2
x EL dV : x2  a 2 h  a 2 h 2
 8  12
or x 2 
3
h◀
709
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.125
Locate the centroid of the volume obtained by rotating the shaded area
about the x-axis.
SOLUTION
First, note that symmetry implies y 0◀
z 0◀
Choose as the element of volume a disk of radius r and thickness dx.
Then dV   r 2dx , x EL  x
1  1 2
Now r  1  so that dV   1   dx
x  x
 2 1
  1   2 dx
 x x 
3
3  2 1  1
Then V   1
 1   2 dx    x  2 ln x  
 x x   x 1
 1  1
  3  2 ln 3    1  2 ln1  
 3  1
3
 (0.46944 ) m
 
3 2 1  x2 3
and  x EL dV   1
x  1   2 dx      2x  ln x 
  x x   
2

1
 32   13 
    2(3)  ln 3    2(1)  ln1
 2  2
 



 (1.09861 ) m
Now xV  x EL dV : x (0.46944 m 3 )  1.09861 m 4 or x  2.34 m ◀
710
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.126
Locate the centroid of the volume obtained by rotating the shaded area
about the x-axis.
SOLUTION
First note that symmetry implies y 0◀

and z 0◀
We have y  k ( X  h )2
At x  0, y  a, a  k (h)2
a
or k
h2
dV   r 2dx , X EL  x
a
Now r ( x  h )2
h2
a2
so that dV   (x  h)4 dx
h4
h a2  a2

4
Then V   ( x  h ) dx  [(x  h )5 ]0h
0 h4 5 h4
1
 a2 h
5
h  a2 
and  x EL dV   0
x   4 (x  h)4 dx 
 h



a2 h

h4  0
(x 5  4 hx 4  6h 2 x 3  4 h3 x 2  h 4 x )dx
a2  1 6 4 5 3 2 4 4 3 3 1 4 2  h
  x  hx  h x  h x  h x 
h 4  6 5 2 3 2  0
1
 a2 h 2
30
   1
Now xV  x EL dV : x  a 2 h  a 2 h 2
5  30
or x 
6
h◀
711
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.127
Locate the centroid of the volume obtained by rotating the shaded

area about the line x  h.
SOLUTION
First, note that symmetry implies x h◀
z 0◀
dV  r 2 dy, yEL  y
h2 2 h 2
Now x 2  (a  y 2 ) so that r  h  a y2.
a2 a
h2
  dy
2
Then dV   a  a2  y 2
a2
h2
  dy
a 2
and V   0

a2
a  a2  y 2
Let y  a sin   dy  a cos  d 
h2
 a  
/2 2
Then V  a2  a2 sin 2  a cos  d 
a2 0
h2 /2

a2  0
a2  2a(a cos  )  (a2  a2 sin 2  ) a cos  d 
 
/2
 ah 2  0
(2 cos   2 cos2   sin 2  cos  ) d 
/2
   sin 2  1 3 
 ah 2  2 sin   2     sin  
 2 4  3  0
    1
 ah 2  2  2  2   
  2  3 
 0.095870ah 2
712
lOMoARcPSD|14112407

 h2 
  dy
a 2
and  yEL dV   0
y  2 a  a2  y2
 a

h2
 2a y  2ay 
a
2
 a 2  y 2  y3 dy
a2 0
h2  2 2 2 2 1 4
a
2 3/2
 a y  a(a  y )  y 
a2  3 4  0
h 2  2 2 1 4   2 2 3/2  
 a (a)  a    a(a )  
a2  4   3  
1 2 2
 a h
12
1 2 2
Now yV  y EL dV : y (0.095870ah 2 ) 
12
a h or y  0.869a ◀
713
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.128*
Locate the centroid of the volume generated by revolving the

portion of the sine curve shown about the x-axis.
SOLUTION
First, note that symmetry implies y 0◀
z 0◀
Choose as the element of volume a disk of radius r and thickness dx.
Then dV   r 2dx , x EL  x
x
Now r  b sin
2a
x
so that dV  b 2 sin 2 dx
2a
2a x
Then V   a
b 2 sin 2
2a
dx
 x sin x  2a
 b 2   2a 
 2 2 a  a
 b 2  22a    a2 
 
1 2
 ab
2
2a   x 
and  x EL dV   a
x b 2 sin 2

dx 
2a 

x
u x dV  sin 2
2a
x sin ax
du  dx V  2
2 a
714
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
  x sin x  2a 2a  x x  
2
   sin a dx 
Then  x EL dV  b  x   2  a    2 
  2  a a  2  
 a a

 2a 
  2a   a   1
2
x  
 b 2 2a   a    x 2  2 cos  
a
 a  a 
   2   2   4 2

 3   1 a2 1 a2  
 b 2  a2    (2a)2  2  (a)2  2 
 2   4 2 4 2 

3 1 
 a2b 2   2 
4  
 0.64868a2b 2
1 
Now xV  x EL dV : x  ab2   0.64868a 2 b2
2 
or x  1.297a ◀
715
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.129*
Locate the centroid of the volume generated by revolving the

portion of the sine curve shown about the y-axis. (Hint: Use a thin
cylindrical shell of radius r and thickness dr as the element of
volume.)
SOLUTION
z 0◀
Choose as the element of volume a cylindrical shell of radius r and thickness dr.
1
Then dV  (2 r )( y )(dr ), y EL  y
2
r
Now y  b sin
2a
r
so that dV  2br sin dr
2a
2a r
Then V   a
2br sin
2a
dr

r
u  rd dv  sin dr
2a
2a r
du  dr v   cos
 2a
  2a
  r 
2a 2a  2ar  
Then V  2b 
(r )  cos     cos dr 
   
  

 2a  a a 2a  


 2a 2a 
 4a2 r  
 2b 
 (2a)(1)   2 sin   

    2a  a 

 

 4a2 4a2 
V  2b   2 
   
 1
 8a2b 1  
 
 5.4535a2b
716
lOMoARcPSD|14112407

2a   r  r 
Also  y EL dV   a
 12 b sin 2br sin dr 
 
2a  2a 
2a r
 b 2  a
r sin 2
2a
dr

r
ur dv  sin 2 dr
2a
r sin ar
du  dr v  2
2 a
  2a
r   
 r sin r  2a  r
  sin a dr 
Then  y EL dV  b 2 (r )   2  a    
  2  a  2 2  
 
 a a a

  a   r 2
a
 r  
2
2   2a 

a2

 b  (2a)    (a)       cos 

 2  2   4 2 2 a  a 

3
  (2a)2 a2 (a)2 
a2  
 b 2 
 a  
2
 2  2  

2
  4 2 4 2  


 3 1 
 a2b 2   2 
4  
 2.0379a2b 2
Now yV  y EL dV : y (5.4535a 2 b)  2.0379a 2 b2 or y  0.374b ◀
717
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.130*
Show that for a regular pyramid of height h and n sides (n  3, 4,…) the centroid of the volume of the
pyramid is located at a distance h/4 above the base.
SOLUTION
Choose as the element of a horizontal slice of thickness dy. For any number N of sides, the area of the
base of the pyramid is given by
A base  kb 2
where k  k (N ); see note below. Using similar triangles, we have

s hy

b h
b
or s (h  y )
h
b2
Then dV  A slicedy  ks 2dy  k (h  y )2 dy
h2
h b2 b2  1 3
h

2
and V  k ( h  y ) dy  k  ( h  y ) 
0 h2 h 2  3  0
1
 kb 2 h
3
Also, y EL  y
 b2h  b2 h
so that  y EL dV 
0
 y  k 2 (h  y )2 dy   k 2
 h


 h 0
(h 2 y  2 hy 2  y 3 ) dy 
2
b 1 2 1 h 1
 k 2  h 2 y 2  hy 3  y 4   kb 2 h 2
h  2 3 4  0 12
1  1 1
Now yV  y EL dV : y  kb2 h  kb2 h 2
3  12
or y 
4
h Q.E.D. ◀
1 b 
Note: Abase  N   b  tan2  
 2 N 
N
 b2
4 tan N
 k ( N )b 2
718
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.131
Determine by direct integration the location of the centroid of one-half of

a thin, uniform hemispherical shell of radius R.
SOLUTION
First note that symmetry implies x 0 ◀
The element of area dA of the shell shown is obtained by cutting the shell with two planes parallel to the
xy plane. Now
dA  ( r )(Rd )
2r
y EL  

where r  R sin 
so that dA   R 2 sin  d
2R
y EL   sin 

 /2
Then A  0
 R 2 sin  d   R 2 [ cos  ]0 /2
 R 2
 /2  2R 
    sin   ( R sin  d )
2
and y EL dA 
0
  sin 2   /2
 2 R 3   
 2 4  0

  R3
2
 1
Now yA  y EL dA: y ( R 2 )   R 3
2
or y   R ◀
2
1
Symmetry implies z y z  R ◀
2
719
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.132
The sides and the base of a punch bowl are of

uniform thickness t. If t  R and R 250 mm,
determine the location of the center of gravity of
(a) the bowl, (b) the punch.
SOLUTION
(a) Bowl:
z 0◀
for the coordinate axes shown below. Now assume that the bowl may be treated as a shell; the center
of gravity of the bowl will coincide with the centroid of the shell. For the walls of the bowl, an
element of area is obtained by rotating the arc ds about the y-axis. Then
dA wall  (2 R sin  )(R d )
and ( yEL )wall  R cos 
/2
Then A wall   /6
2 R 2 sin  d
/2
 2 R 2 [ cos  ]/6
  3R 2
and y wall A wall   (y EL )wall dA
/2
  /6
(R cos  )(2 R 2 sin d  )
/2
  R 3 [cos2  ]/6
3
  R 3
4
 2 3
By observation, A base  R , y base   R
4 2
Now y A   yA
   3   3 
or y  3R 2  R 2     R 3  R 2  R 
 4  4 4  2 
or y   0.48763R R  250 mm y  121.9 mm ◀
720
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
(b) Punch:
z 0◀
and that because the punch is homogeneous, its center of gravity will coincide with the centroid of
the corresponding volume. Choose as the element of volume a disk of radius x and thickness dy.
Then
dV   x 2 dy, yEL  y
Now x 2  y2  R2
so that dV  ( R 2  y 2 )dy
0
Then V   3/2 R
( R 2  y 2 ) dy
0
 1 
   R 2 y  y3 
 3   3/2 R
  3
3  1  3   3
   R 2  R   R    3R 3
  2  3  2   8
0
and
y EL dV   ( y )   R 2  y 2 dy 
 3/2 R  
0
1 1 
   R2y 2  y 4 
 2 4   3/2 R
 4
2
 1 2  3  1  3   15
   R  R    R      R 4
 2  2   4 2    64

3  15
Now yV  y EL dV : y   3R3     R 4
8  64
5
or y  R R  250 mm y   90.2 mm ◀
8 3
721
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.133
Locate the centroid of the section shown, which was cut from a thin circular
pipe by two oblique planes.
SOLUTION
Assume that the pipe has a uniform wall thickness t and choose as the element of volume a vertical strip
of width ad and height ( y 2  y 1 ). Then
1
dV  ( y 2  y 1 )tad , y EL  ( y 1  y 2 ) z EL  z
2
h 2h
h 2
Now y1  3
z y2  3
z h
2a 6 2a 3
h h
 (z  a)  (z  2a)
6a 3a
and z  a cos 
h h
Then (y 2  y 1 )  (a cos   2a)  (a cos   a)
3a 6a
h
 (1  cos  )
2
h h
and (y 1  y 2 )  (a cos   a)  (a cos   2a)
6a 3a
h
 (5  cos  )
6
aht h
dV  (1  cos  )d  y EL  (5  cos  ), z EL  a cos 
2 12
722
lOMoARcPSD|14112407

 aht
Then V 2  0 2
(1  cos  )d   aht [  sin  ]0
 aht
 h  aht 
and  y EL dV  2  0 12
(5  cos  ) 

 2
(1  cos  )d  

2 
ah t

12  0
(5  6 cos   cos2  )d 

ah 2t   sin 2 
  5  6 sin    
12  2 4  0
11
  ah 2t
24
  aht 
 z EL dV  2  0
a cos  
 2
(1  cos  )d  


  sin 2 
 a2 ht sin    
 2 4  0
1
  a2 ht
2
11 11
Now yV  y EL dV : y ( aht ) 
24
ah 2 t or y 
24
h◀
1 1
and zV  z EL dV : z ( aht )    a 2 ht
2
or z   a ◀
2
723
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.134*
Locate the centroid of the section shown, which was cut from an
elliptical cylinder by an oblique plane.
SOLUTION
Choose as the element of volume a vertical slice of width zx, thickness dz, and height y. Then
1
dV  2xy dz , y EL  , z EL  z
24
a 2
Now x b z2
b
h/2 h h
and y  z  (b  z )
b 2 2b
b  a 2  h 
Then V   2

b  b
b  z 2   (b  z ) dz
  2b 
Let z  b sin  dz  b cos  d 
ah /2
Then V 
b2  /2
(b cos  )[b (1  sin  )]b cos  d
/2
 abh  /2
(cos2   sin  cos2  ) d 
  sin 2 1  /2
 abh    cos3  
 2 4 3  /2
1
V  abh
2
724
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
1 h
b  a 2  h   
and  y EL dV     (b  z ) 2 b  z 2   (b  z ) dz 

b  2 2b  b
 
   2b   

1 ah 2 b

4 b3  b
(b  z )2 b 2  z 2 dz
Let z  b sin  dz  b cos  d
1 ah 2 /2
Then  y EL dV 
4 b3  /2
[b (1  sin  )]2 (b cos  )  (b cos  d  )
1 /2
 abh 2
4  /2
(cos2   2 sin  cos2   sin 2  cos2  ) d 
1 1
Now sin 2   (1  cos 2 ) cos2   (1  cos 2 )
2 2
1
so that sin 2  cos2   (1  cos2 2 )
4
1 /2 2 1 
 y EL dV  abh 2 
2 2
Then  cos   2 sin  cos   (1  cos 2 ) d 
4 
/2  4 
/2
1   sin 2  1 1 1   sin 4 
 abh 2     cos       
3
4  2 4  3 4 4 2 8  /2
5
 abh 2
32
b
 a 2 h  
Also,  z EL dV   z 2 a  z 2  (b  z ) dz 
b  b  2b  
ah b

b2  b
z (b  z ) b 2  z 2 dz
Let z  b sin  dz  b cos  d
ah /2
Then z EL dV 
b2  /2
(b sin  )[b (1  sin  )](b cos  )  (b cos  d  )
/2
 ab 2 h  /2
(sin  cos2   sin 2  cos2  )d 
1
Using sin 2  cos2   (1  cos2 2 ) from above,
4
/2  1 
 z EL dV  ab 2 h 
2 2
sin  cos   (1  cos 2 ) d 
/2  4 
/2
 1 1 1   sin 4  1
 ab 2 h  cos3          ab 2 h
 3 4 4 2 8  /2 8
725
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
1  5 5
Now yV  y EL dV : y   abh   abh 2
2  32
or y 
16
h◀
1  1 1
and zV  z EL dV : z   abh    ab2 h
2  8
or z   b ◀
4
726
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.135
Determine by direct integration the location of the centroid

of the volume between the xz plane and the portion shown
of the surface y  16h(ax  x )(bz  z )/a b .
2 2 2 2
SOLUTION
a
First note that symmetry implies x ◀
2
b
z ◀
2
Choose as the element of volume a filament of base dx  dz and height y. Then
1
dV  y dx dz , y EL  y
2
16h
or dV  2 2
(ax  x 2 )(bz  z 2 )dx dz
ab
b a 16h
Then V   
0 0
2 2
ab
(ax  x 2 )(bz  z 2 )dx dz
16h b a 1 
a
V 
a2b 2  0
(bz  z 2 )  x 2  x 3  dz
 z 3  0
1 3  b 2 1 3 
b
16 h  a 2
  (a )  (a)   z  z 
a2b 2  2 3   2 3  0
8ah  b 1 
 2  (b )2  (b )3 

3b  2 3 
4
 abh
9
727
lOMoARcPSD|14112407

b a1  16h   16h 
and  y EL dV   
0 0
 2 2 (ax  x 2 )(bz  z 2 )  2 2 (ax  x 2 )(bz  z 2 )dx dz 
2  a b   a b 
2
128h b a

a4 b 4   0 0
(a2 x 2  2ax 3  x 4 )(b 2 z 2  2bz 3  z 4 )dx dz
128h 2 b  a2 3 a 4 1 5  a
 (b z  2bz  z )  x  x  x  dz
2 2 3 4
 2 4
ab 3 2 5  0
0

 2
128h 2  2 b
  a (a)3  a (a)4  1 (a)5   b z 3  b z 4  1 z 5 

a4 b 4  5  0
3 2 5  3 z
64ah 2  b 3 3 b 4 1 5  32
 4 
(b )  (b )  (b )  abh 2
15b  3 2 5  225

4  32 8
Now yV  y EL dV : y  abh 
9  225
abh 2 or y 
25
h◀
728
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.136
After grading a lot, a builder places four stakes to

designate the corners of the slab for a house. To provide a
firm, level base for the slab, the builder places a minimum
of 3 in. of gravel beneath the slab. Determine the volume
of gravel needed and the x coordinate of the centroid of
the volume of the gravel. (Hint: The bottom surface of
the gravel is an oblique plane, which can be represented
by the equation y  a  bx  cz.)
SOLUTION
The centroid can be found by integration. The equation for the bottom of the gravel is y  a  bx  cz ,
where the constants a, b, and c can be determined as follows:
For x  0 and z  0, y   3 in., and therefore,
3 1
 ft  a, or a   ft
12 4
For x  30 ft and z  0, y   5 in., and therefore,
5 1 1
 ft   ft  b (30 ft), or b  
12 4 180
For x  0 and z  50 ft, y   6 in., and therefore,
6 1 1
 ft   ft  c (50 ft), or c  
12 4 200
1 1 1
Therefore, y  ft  x z
4 180 200
Now x
x EL dV
V
A volume element can be chosen as
dV  y dx dz
1 1 1 
or dV  1  x  z dx dz
4  45 50 
and x EL  x
729
lOMoARcPSD|14112407

50 30 x 1 1 
Then  x EL dV    0 0
1  x  z dx dz

4 45 50 
1 50  x 2  30
  1 x 3  z x 2  dz

4  0  2 135
 100  0
1 50

4  0
(650  9z ) dz
1 9 2  50
 650 z  z 
4  2  0
 10937.5 ft 4
50 30 1 1 1 
The volume is V  dV    0 0 4
1 

 45
x z dx dz
50 
1 50  1 2 z  30

4  0
 x  x  x  dz
 90 50  0
1 50  3 

4  0
40  z dz
 5 
1 3 2  50
  40z  z 
4  10  0
 687.50 ft 3
Then x 
x EL dV

10937.5ft 4
 15.9091 ft
V 687.5 ft 3
Therefore, V  688 ft 3 ◀
x  15.91 ft ◀
730
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.137
SOLUTION
A, in 2 x , in y , in x A, in 3 y A, in 3
1
1 (12)(6)  36 4 4 144 144
2
2 (6)(3)  18 9 7.5 162 135
 54 306 279
Then XA   xA
X (54)  306 X  5.67 in. ◀
Y A   yA
Y (54)  279 Y  5.17 in. ◀
731
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.138
SOLUTION
A, mm 2 x , mm y , mm x A, mm 3 y A, mm 3
1
1 (120)(75)  4500 80 25 360 103 112.5 103
2
2 (75)(75)  5625 157.5 37.5 885.94 103 210.94 103


3  (75)2  4417.9 163.169 43.169 720.86 103 190.716 103
4
 5707.1 525.08 103 132.724 103
Then X A  x A X (5707.1)  525.08103 X  92.0 mm ◀

Y A  y A Y (5707.1)  132.724 103 Y  23.3 mm ◀
732
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.139
A uniform circular rod of weight 8 lb and radius 10 in. is attached to a pin at C

and to the cable AB. Determine (a) the tension in the cable, (b) the reaction at C.
SOLUTION
2r
For quarter circle, r

 2r 
(a) M C  0: W    Tr  0

2 2
T  W    (8 lb)   T  5.09 lb ◀
 
(b) Fx  0: T  C x  0 5.09 lb  C x  0 C x  5.09 lb
Fy  0: C y  W  0 C y  8 lb  0 C y  8 lb
C  9.48 lb 57.5°◀
733
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.140

your answer in terms of a and h.
SOLUTION
y  h(1  kx 3 )
For x  a, y  0.
0  h(1  k a3 )
1
 k
a3
 x3 
y  h 1  3 
 a 
1
x EL  x , y EL  y dA  ydx
2
a a  x 3   x 4 
a
3

A  dA   0
ydx   0  a  

h 1  3 dx  h x  3  ah



4a  0 4
a a  x 4  x2 x 5 
a
3

x EL dA   0
xydx   0
h x  3 dx  h
 a 


 2
 3  a2 h

5a  0 10
a 1  1  x3  h2 a 3 6
1  2 x  x dx
a
 y EL dA    y ydx 
 2   h 2 1  3 dx    
0 2 0  a  2 0 a3 a6 
h2  4 7 a
  x  x  x   9 ah 2
2  2a3 7a6  0 28

3  3 2
xA  x EL dA: x  ah  a 2 h
 4  10
x  a◀
5
3  9 3
yA  y EL dA: y  ah 
 4  28
ah 2 y
7
h◀
734
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.141
SOLUTION
1
x EL  x y EL  y dA  y dx
2

L x x 2   x 2 2 x 3 
L
5

A  dA 
0
  L L  

h 1   2 2 dx  h x 


 2
2L 3 L  0 6
 hL
L  x2  L x2 x3 
xh 1   2 2 dx  h  2 2 dx
x
x EL dA   x  
0  L L  0 
 L L 
 x 2 1 x 3 2 x 4 L 1 2
 h     hL
2 3 L 4 L2  0 3

5  1 2
xA  x EL dA: x  hL   hL2
6  3
x
5
L◀
5 1  x2 
y  h 1   2 2 
x
A hL y EL  y
6 2  L L 
2
1 h2 L x2 
1   2 2  dx
x
  
2
y EL dA  y dx 
2 2 0  L L 
2 L 2
x4 x2 x3 
1  2  4 4  2  4 2  4 3 dx
h x x

2  0  L L L L L 
h2  3 5 2 3 4 L
 x  x  4x  x  4x  x   4 h2 L
2  3L2 5L4 L 3L2 L3  0 10

5  4 12
yA  y EL dA: y  hL   h 2 L
 6  10
y
25
h◀
735
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PROBLEM 5.142
The escutcheon (a decorative plate placed on a pipe where

the pipe exits from a wall) shown is cast from brass.
3
Knowing that the density of brass is 8470 kg/m ,
determine the mass of the escutcheon.
SOLUTION
The mass of the escutcheon is given by m  (density)V, where V is the volume. V can be generated by
rotating the area A about the x-axis.
From the figure: L1  752  12.52  73.9510 m

37.5
L2   76.8864 mm
tan 26
a  L 2  L1  2.9324 mm
12.5
  sin1  9.5941
75
26  9.5941
  8.2030  0.143168 rad
2
Area A can be obtained by combining the following four areas:
Applying the second theorem of Pappus-Guldinus and using Figure 5.8a, we have
V  2 yA  2  yA
Seg. A, mm 2 y , mm yA, mm 3
1 1
1 (76.886)(37.5)  1441.61 (37.5)  12.5 18,020.1
2 3
2(75)sin 
2 (75)2  805.32 sin (  )  15.2303 12,265.3
3
1 1
3  (73.951)(12.5)  462.19 (12.5)  4.1667 1925.81
2 3
1
4 (2.9354)(12.5)  36.693 (12.5)  6.25 229.33
2
 3599.7
736
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
Then V  2 yA
 2(3599.7 mm 3 )
 22,618 mm 3
m  (density)V
 (8470 kg/m 3 )(22.618 106 m 3 )
 0.191574 kg or m  0.1916 kg ◀
737
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PROBLEM 5.143
Determine the reactions at the beam supports for the given loading.
SOLUTION
R I  (200 lb/ft)(15 ft)

R I  3000 lb
1
R II  (200 lb/ft)(6 ft)
2
R II  600 lb
M A  0:  (3000 lb)(1.5 ft)  (600 lb)(9 ft  2 ft)  B (15 ft)  0
B  740 lb B  740 lb ◀
Fy  0: A  740 lb  3000 lb  600 lb  0
A  2860 lb A  2860 lb ◀
738
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PROBLEM 5.144
A beam is subjected to a linearly distributed downward load

and rests on two wide supports BC and DE, which exert
uniformly distributed upward loads as shown. Determine the
values of wBC and wDE corresponding to equilibrium when
w A  600 N/m.
SOLUTION
1
We have RI  (6 m)(600 N/m)  1800 N
2
1
RII  (6 m)(1200 N/m)  3600 N
2
RBC  (0.8 m) (wBC N/m)  (0.8wBC ) N
RDE  (1.0 m) (wDE N/m)  (wDE ) N
Then MG  0: (1 m)(1800 N)  (3 m)(3600 N)  (4 m)(wDE N)  0
or wDE  3150 N/m ◀
and Fy  0: (0.8wBC ) N 1800 N  3600 N  3150 N  0
or wBC  2812.5 N/m wBC  2810 N/m ◀
739
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.145
A tank is divided into two sections by a 1  1-m square gate that is

hinged at A. A couple of magnitude 490 N  m is required for the gate
to rotate. If one side of the tank is filled with water at the rate of
3
0.1 m /min and the other side is filled simultaneously with methyl
alcohol (density ma  789 kg/m ) at the rate of 0.2 m /min, determine
3 3
at what time and in which direction the gate will rotate.
SOLUTION
Consider the free-body diagram of the gate.

First note V  A base d and V  rt .
0.1 m 3 / mint (min)

Then dW   0.25t (m)
(0.4 m)(1 m)
0.2 m 3 / mint (min)
d MA   t (m)
(0.2 m)(1 m)
1 1
Now P A p  A ( gh ) so that
2 2
1
PW  [(0.25t ) m  (1 m)][(103 kg/m 3 )(9.81 m/s2 )(0.25t ) m]
2
 306.56t 2 N
1
PMA  [(t ) m  (1 m)][(789 kg/m 3 )(9.81 m/s2 )(t ) m]
2
 3870t 2 N
Now assume that the gate will rotate clockwise and when d MA  0.6 m. When rotation of the gate is
impending, we require
 1   1 
M A : M R  0.6 m  dMA  PMA  0.6 m  dW  PW
 3   3 
Substituting
 1   1 
490 N  m  0.6  t  m  (3870t 2 ) N  0.6   0.25t  m  (306.56t 2 ) N
 3   3 
740
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
Simplifying 1264.45t 3  2138.1t 2  490  0
Solving (positive roots only)
t  0.59451 min and t  1.52411 min
Now check assumption using the smaller root. We have
d MA  (t ) m  0.59451 m  0.6 m  t  0.59451min  35.7 s ◀
and the gate rotates clockwise. ◀
741
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.146
Determine the y coordinate of the centroid of the body shown.
SOLUTION
First note that the values of Y will be the same for the given body and the body shown below. Then
V y yV
1 2 1 1 2 2
Cone a h  h  a h
3 4 12
 a 2 1 1 1 2 2
Cylinder    b   a2b  b a b
2 4 2 8
 2  2
 a (4 h  3b )  a (2 h 2  3b 2 )
12 24
We have YV   yV
   2 h 2  3b2
Then Y  a 2 (4 h  3b)   a 2 (2 h 2  3b2 ) or Y   ◀
 12  24 2(4 h  3b)
742
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.147
An 8-in.-diameter cylindrical duct and a 4  8-in.

rectangular duct are to be joined as indicated.
Knowing that the ducts were fabricated from the
same sheet metal, which is of uniform thickness,
locate the center of gravity of the assembly.
SOLUTION
Assume that the body is homogeneous so that its center of gravity coincides with the centroid of the area.
By symmetry, Z  0.
1 (8)(12)  96 0 6 0 576

 2(4) 8
2  (8)(4)  16  10 128 160
2  
 2 4(4) 16
3 (4)  8   12  42.667 96
2 3 3
4 (8)(12)  96 6 12 576 1152
5 (8)(12)  96 6 8 576 768
 4(4) 16
6  (4)2  8  8  42.667  64
2 3 3
7 (4)(12)  48 6 10 288 480
8 (4)(12)  48 6 10 288 480
 539.33 1514.6 4287.4
 xA1514.67
Then X  in. or X  2.81 in. ◀
A 539.33
 yA 4287.4
Y  in. or Y  7.95 in. ◀
A 539.33
743
lOMoARcPSD|14112407
PROBLEM 5.148
Three brass plates are brazed to a steel pipe to form the flagpole
base shown. Knowing that the pipe has a wall thickness of 8 mm
and that each plate is 6 mm thick, determine the location of the
center of gravity of the base. (Densities: brass  8470 kg/m ;
3
steel  7860 kg/m .)

3
SOLUTION
Since brass plates are equally spaced, we note that
the center of gravity lies on the y-axis.
Thus, X Z 0◀

Steel pipe: V  [(0.064 m)2  (0.048 m)2 ](0.192 m)
4
 270.22 106 m 3
m   V  (7860 kg/m 3 )(270.22 106 m 3 )
 2.1239 kg
1
Each brass plate: V  (0.096 m)(0.192 m)(0.006 m)  55.296 106 m 3
2
m   V  (8470 kg/m 3 )(55.296 106 m 3 )  0.46836 kg
Flagpole base:
m  2.1239 kg  3(0.46836 kg)  3.5290 kg
 y m  (0.096 m)(2.1239 kg)  3[(0.064 m)(0.46836 kg)]  0.29382 kg  m
Y m   y m: Y (3.5290 kg)  0.29382 kg  m
Y  0.083259 m Y  83.3 mm above the base ◀
744

Vector Mechanics for Engineers Statics 12th Solution 5장

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lOMoARcPSD|14112407

Engr 242 text book solution Ch 5

Statics (Concordia University)

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Locate the centroid of the plane area shown.

Locate the centroid of the plane area shown.

A, in.2 x , in. y , in. xA, in.3 yA, in.3

2 2115  315 22.5 7.5 7087.5 2362.5

 405.00 7807.5 2812.5

Locate the centroid of the plane area shown.

Area 1: Rectangle 120 mm by 100 mm

Area 2: Triangle b = 60 mm, h = 120 mm

X (15.6 103 mm 2 )  8.64 105 mm 3 X  55.4 mm ◀

Y (15.6 103 mm 2 )  1.464 106 mm 3 Y  93.8 mm ◀

Locate the centroid of the plane area shown.

Area 1: Triangle b = 60 mm, h = 75 mm.

Area 2: Four triangles b = 60 mm, h = 75 mm forming the diamond.

 11,250 585,000 731,250

X (11,250 mm 2 )  585,000 mm 3 or X  52.0 mm ◀

Y (11,250 m 2 )  731,250 mm 3 or Y  65.0 mm ◀

Locate the centroid of the plane area shown.

Area 1: Rectangle 8 in. by 12 in.

Areas 2&3: Quarter circle r = 4 in.

2 -12.5663 6.3023 -79.197

3 -12.5663 6.3023 -79.197

X (70.867 in 2 )  225.61 in3 X  3.18 in. ◀

Locate the centroid of the plane area shown.

1 (60)(120)  7200 –30 60 216 103 432 103

 7200 72.000 103 629.83103

Then XA   x A X (7200 mm 2 )  72.000 103 mm 3 X  10.00 mm ◀

YAy A Y (7200 mm 2 )  629.83103 mm 3 Y  87.5 mm ◀

Locate the centroid of the plane area shown.

A, in 2 x , in. y , in. xA, in3 yA, in3

1 30  50  1500 15 25 22500 37500

 1146.57 14147.0 26.897

Locate the centroid of the plane area shown.

A, in 2 x , in. y , in. xA, in3 yA, in3

2 20 16  320 10 8 3200 2560

 1948.23 3200 34,021

Locate the centroid of the plane area shown.

Area 1: Square 75 mm by 75 mm.

Area 2: Quarter circle radius of 75 mm.

1 75  75  5625 37.5 37.5 210,938 210,938

 1207.10 20,223 20,223

Locate the centroid of the plane area shown.

Area 1: Parabolic Spandrel, refer to fig 5.8A for centroid location.

Area 2: Rectangle 16 in. by 3 in.

A, in 2 x , in. y , in. xA, in3 yA, in3

2 (3)(16)  48.0 8 1.5 384 72

 101.333 1024 392

X (101.333 in 2 )  1024 in 3 X  10.11 in. ◀

Locate the centroid of the plane area shown.

Area 1: Triangle b  150 mm h  240 mm

Area 2: Parabolic Spandrel, refer to fig 5.8A for centroid location.

X (6.0 103 mm 2 )  720 103 mm 3 or X 120.0 mm ◀

Y (6.0 103 mm 2 )  360 103 mm 3 or Y  60.0 mm ◀

Locate the centroid of the plane area shown.

Area 1: Outer semicircle diameter 120 mm.

Area 2: Inner semicircle diameter 72 mm.

 14,477 903.20 103 0

X (14,477 mm 2 )  903.20 103 mm 3 X  62.4 mm ◀

Locate the centroid of the plane area shown.

A, in 2 x , in. y , in. x A, in3 y A, in3

Locate the centroid of the plane area shown.

 51.42 272.5 470.3