Means that, we humans should be stay healthy for us to do things that we like to do.

because life is too short,

we must stay healthy mentally, phiscally, spirtually, and socially. For instance, we humans still humans hence
we are front with illness, diseases, and death. To extend outr life, health is our priority because becauset
health is wealth. Moreover, to stay healthy or fit, people do diet, excercise,
and doing things that they love which makes them happy
ENVIRONMENT HEALTH AND TOXICOLOGY which results to improve their health and a satisfies their way
of living.
❑ The World Health Organization (W.H.O.) defines health as a state of
complete physical, mental, and social well-being. A person can be ill to
some extent; however, health can be improved to live a happier, longer,
and more productive and satisfying lives.
for instance, disease also causes by an external functions
that is dangerous to humans because it detteriorates
Mortality related ❑ Disease is defined as the impairment of an individual's well-being and humans
to the number of
deaths caused capacity to function and is mostly attributed to inadequate behavioral organs, cells,
and tissues.
by the health and environmental change. The factors that result in morbidity (illness)
event under and mortality (death) are diet and nutrition, infectious agent, hereditary when we say
investigation.
and it also qualities, a poisonous substance, injury, and stress. Environmental health morbility, it is
the
represented by focuses on disease-causing external factors, including elements of the occurrence
crude birth rate
of 1000
natural, social, cultural, and technological worlds in which we live. of a disease
Environmental health is a branch of public health in a
individuals.
GLOBAL BURDEN OF DISEASE (GBD) concerned with all aspects of the natural and built population.
environment affecting human health.
❑ Global Burden of Disease (GBD) is a comprehensive regional and global
research program of disease burden that assesses mortality and disability
read only no need from major diseases, injuries, and risk factors. It considers the health, social,
to explain.
political, environmental, and economic factors to determine the cost that
particular disease and disability exert upon the individual and society.
Mortality data is now based on Disability Adjusted Life Years.
❑ (DALYs) as a measure of disease burden. Smallpox was completely wiped
out in 1977. Polio has been eliminated everywhere in the world except for
read only no a few remote villages in northern Nigeria. Epidemics of typhoid fever,
need to explain. cholera, and yellow fever are now rarely encountered. AIDS has become
a highly treatable disease. According to the WHO, chronic diseases now
account for nearly 60% of the 56.5 million total deaths worldwide each
year and about half of the global disease burden.
When we say microbes these are tiny living things
Factors Contributing to Disease Emergence: that are found all around us and are too small to
be seen by the naked eye.
❑ 1. Microbial adaption - e.g., genetic drift and genetic shift in Influenza A
Microbial adaptation is the term used to describe the ability of microbes to endure the selective pressures of their environment.
❑ 2. Changing human susceptibility - e.g., mass immunocompromising with
HIV/AIDS means that liable to influence or harm for a particular things.
❑ 3. Climate and weather - e.g., diseases with zoonotic vectors such as West
Nile Disease (transmitted by mosquitoes) are moving further from the
tropics as the climate warms. Climate and weather can also be a factor of causing a disease to
exists and to be transmittable
❑ 4. Change in human demographics and trade - e.g., rapid travel enabled
COVID to rapidly propagate around the globe You sent migration, if you were infected
with particular disease and it is
transmittable by contact or
airborne disease such COVID
can easily to penetrate and affect
the whole people in a country
that you migrated.
 due to economic development, the use of antibiotics incorporated in a farm as a medical for thier pets to be
resistant with diseases and to increase ther yeild productions of meats and etc.

❑ 5. Economic development - e.g., use of antibiotics to increase meat yield

of farmed cows leads to antibiotic resistance
❑ 6. Breakdown of public health - e.g., the current situation in Zimbabwe
❑ 7. Poverty and social inequality - e.g., tuberculosis is primarily a problem in
low- income areas
❑ 8. War and famine – e.g., Gulf war, Ukraine war
❑ 9. Bioterrorism - e.g., 2001 Anthrax attacks
❑ 10.Dam and irrigation system construction - e.g., malaria and other
mosquito borne diseases

6 because of disease threats in Zimbabwe such HIV, Tuberculosis, and malaria. breakdown in public health
occurs because they cannot control these diseases which contribute significantly to maternal and childhood
illness and deaths.

7 poverty is one of the problem that the world cannot find a solution. and social inequality in health means
that if your poor they will not accomodate you properly and when you are rich they will provide everything
you need because you were able to pay them unlike poor people.

in recent, war between ukraine and russia affects many lives, works, and peace. scarcity of food is
8 inevitable because of the rapid increase of population our sources of food are not enough to feed us all,
hence there will be a war and fighting for theirselve to survive.
Bioterrorism is the intentional release of viruses, bacteria, or other germs that can sicken or kill people,
9 livestock, or crops

10