Southern Mindanao Colleges

Master of Arts in Education- Major in Educational Management

Name: Cherry Vhim F. Lanurias Professor: Dr. Myla D. Abayon Subject: ED 230

I- FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF EDUCATIONAL

Why is there a need for educational planning? Educational Planning can be basis for
evaluating/assessing performance of the educational system. It affects equity in the distribution and
utilization of resources. Educational planning is an instrument for quality improvement. Through
educational planning, a country can indicate the needed change, reform and innovation, and to
maximize the use of limited resources. It brings about a well-balanced educational system and
correlate education effort with national policy.

It improves the effectiveness and efficiency in the delivery of educational services. There is a
need for educational planning it is the instrument for providing needed coordination and direction of
the different components of an educational system. It also answers that widely accepted long term
goals such as universal primary education are approach objectively. It provides a realistic appraisal of
the country’s resources which is important factor in the successful implementation of the plan

II- FOUNDATION OF EDUCATIONAL PLANNING

A. SOCIAL OR SOCIOLOGICAL FACTORS

Sociology concerns itself with the study of social life, group behavior, cause and effect of changes in
environment (urbanization, technology, etc.) It tries to find out what leads one group to behave in
one way and another, in a different way. Findings and theories of sociology are of help to educational
policy makers, planner and administrators in understanding their society.

FOUR SOCIAL FACTORS AFFECTING EDUCATIONAL PLANNING

1. Impact on planning on society 3. Social aspirations relating to education

2. Social sanctions and taboos 4. Role of external pressures in educational

planning and management

B. POLITICAL FACTOR

Factors that are believe to exert political pressures on educational planning and management.
a) Political ideologies d) International agencies and movement

b) Politician’s ideas and attitudes e) Foreign aid

c) Lobbies

EDUCATIONAL LOBBIES IN A COUNTRY REPRESENTS THE FOLLOWING INTERESTS:

a) Racial or communal minorities e) Parent or parent-teacher group

b) Religious or cultural group f) Alumni/alumnae groups

c) Industrial or commercial establishment g) Student movements

d) Trade unions h) Regional interests

C. ECONOMIC FACTORS

Economics deals primarily with the allocation of scarce resources to alternative uses. This may refer
to the behavior of an individual; the distribution of limited resources

(Income) over expenditures that satisfy different needs (food, clothing, recreation, etc.)

ECONOMIC ANALYSIS AND ECONOMIC POLICY

EDUCATION: INSTRUMENT AND AIM OF ECONOMIC POLICY

 THE PRIVATE POINT  COST AND BENEFITS  COST OF EDUCATION

OF VIEW

D.PEDAGOGICALFACTORS

Pedagogy is the science of teaching, comprise the sum total of our knowledge and experience in
bringing about learning.

The planner must acquaint himself with the following aspects:

1. Objectives of education 5. Financing of education

2. Structure of an educational system 6. Innovation and technology

3. Contents of education 7. Research and evaluatio

4. Methods of teaching and learning

E. DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS

Demography is the statistical study of the characteristics of human population especially with the
reference to size and density, growth, distribution, immigration and vital statistics and their effects on
social and economic conditions

POPULATION DYNAMICS

Educational planning is for people; maximizing people’s welfare is the ultimate aim. Dealing with
“target” population which constantly changing in number, age, sex. And geographic distribution,
educational planning cannot but face the dynamics of population growth and change.

III- EDUCATIONAL PLANNING AT THE NATIONAL, REGIONAL AND DIVISION LEVEL

Educational planning is one of the vital components in attaining quality basic education.
Aligned to the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) number 4 of the United Nations that seeks to
ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all,
DepED as the primary agency task by the government to deliver basic educational services ensure
that programs, projects and activities implemented pass in a rigorous planning process. Before
implementing any programs, projects and activities related to education, each plan is carefully crafted
to the attainment of the department’s mission, vision and goals.

To ensure that all governance levels is prioritizing the needs of their clients; the learners,
ladderized planning is done to identify key priority area of improvements in line with fulfillment of the
sustainable development goals of education.

 The Central office of the department crafts the National Basic Education Plan
(NBEP)
 The regional office with Regional Education Development Plan (REDP)
 The school’s division with Division Education Development Plan (DEDP) and
schools with School Improvement Plan (SIP) all of this plan should congruently
agree on the measures and priorities based on their local situation.

Education is a fundamental human right and is indispensable for the achievement of

sustainable development. The department aims at empowering every Filipino child and commit to
advance the educational goal thus, planning process does its crucial parts of identifying key priority
areas of improvement. While education needs globally are immense, stakeholders such as companies
and businesses can leverage their resources and core competencies to support the government in
delivering the promise of education for all.

Since education is often a local issue, which will require all governance levels to work within
contextualized plan to determine the best utilization of resources provided by the government along
with the resources shared by the local stakeholders that engage responsibly in education and
promotes sustainability to provide inclusive and equitable quality learning opportunities for all.

IV- EDUCATIONAL PLANNING AT THE INSTITUTIONAL LEVEL

Institutional Planning has been treated as the basic unit or grass root level of the larger
educational planning. When a plan is prepared by a particular institute on the basis of its own
development and improvement, we call it Institutional Planning. The main purpose of
Institutional Planning is to improve the school program and school practices. It is based on the
principle of optimum utilization of the resources available in the school and community.

Objectives of Institutional Planning:

 To provide equal opportunities to all the pupils to get education.

 To bring in improvement in the structure of the educational institute.
 To bring proper direction to functioning of the educational institute.
 To make teachers active and strategic thinkers so that they can contribute towards the
improvement and development of institution and the programs of the institution.
 To develop a comprehensive program of improvement the educational system by focusing on
the all-important required parameters through optimum utilization of resources.
 To shift the emphasis from expenditure orientation to effort orientation.
 To make education productive.
 To bring an accord between the development of an institution and national level planning.
 To provide realistic and concrete ideas to educational planning.
 To develop and promote a democratic environment.
 To make education available to the poorest of the citizens.

Institutional Planning, therefore, should be a working plan, based on the capacity of

teachers the needs of the pupils and the local community. If it is followed intensively, the teaching,
organization and administration become systematic and effective.