Power System Protection and Control ENT777/EN4807

School of Engineering

ASSIGNMENT ENT777/EN4807

All questions are worth 100 marks in total, with the marks for individual parts as shown.

Students should attempt all questions.

Deadline: Monday in Week 10 at 5:00 pm

A 11 kV and 415 V industrial power supply is shown in Figure 1. The fault level at
busbar A is 750 MVA. The current transformer (CT), C1, and the IDMT relay at A is
supplied by the utility.

Figure 1: Industrial supply system

Line and transformer data are as follows:

For LYNX: R=0.177 Ω/km, X=0.431 Ω/km
For 150 mm2: R=0.159 Ω/km, X=0.11 Ω/km
4 MVA (Dy11) transformer has a 6% impedance and X/R = 8
1 MVA (Dy11) transformer has a 5% impedance and X/R = 10

Motor data is as follows:

Stator: Rs = 0.58 Ω, Xs = 10 Ω
Running: Rr = 0.6 Ω, Xr = 6.8 Ω
Magnetising: Xm = 16000 Ω
Starting current (Locked rotor current) under direct online starting is 5 times
rated and duration of the starting transient is 12-25 s
Activities

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Please note that the some of the activities are hand calculations (marked as HC) and
some are IPSA based (marked as IPSA)

Activity HC/IPSA Marks

1. Obtain the pu equivalent circuit of Figure 1 taking Sbase as 100 HC 20
MVA; Also obtain the reactive power value in var for all loads.
2. Implement the circuit in IPSA without the overcurrent protection IPSA 10
relays
3. Carry out a load flow study – list the busbar voltage and line P IPSA 5
and Q
4. Carry out a fault study (both three phase and line to line faults) – IPSA 10
obtain the symmetrical rms currents
5. Select suitable CTs for C2 to C6 HC/IPSA 10
(Remember when selecting C2 and C6, the rated current of the
transformer is normally used; not the load current through the
transformer)
6. Using the curves provided select the suitable time-current 10
characteristic (Te1 and Te2) of the thermal protection relay for the
motor
7. Select settings of relays at C2, C3 and C6 (ONLY) so that relay C6 HC 20
is properly coordinated with the fuses – you may select Standard
Inverse, Vary Inverse or Extreme Inverse relay
8. Implement the protection scheme design in activity 7 in IPSA IPSA 15
and obtain the time-current curves. In order to demonstrate that
your design is correct, you must plot the characteristics of C 2, C3
and C6 against fuses in the same voltage base (415 V or 11 kV).
If any of the curves crosses, you must increase the PS of that
relay; note that PS can be in anywhere between over load current
and minimum fault current.

In order to add fuses in IPSA, you should create two 415 V

busbars (or nodes) downstream of busbar E. Then E can be
connected to the new busbars through a small line section having
extremely low resistance (or reactance). Then connect two loads
to the new busbars and two fuses to the new lines that were
introduced.

The following data are given for IDMT relays:

TMS can be set in between 0.025 and 1.5
Plug setting can be set in between 50% to 200%
The minimum grading margin should be greater than 0.3 s and higher values
are given by:
Grading margin =
= Relay timing error (5%)
= Allowance for CT ratio error (10%)
= Operating time of the downstream relay
= CB interrupting time (0.05 s)
= Relay overshoot time (0.02 s)

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= Safety margin (0.03 s)

Motor protection basics:

Motor protection relays (MPR) are available with time-current characteristics suitable
for coordination with motor-starting characteristics and thermal limits. A MPR can
usually be set to provide the desired stator and rotor protection and still permit the
rotor to accelerate to running speed without an undesired trip. Normally, the MPR is
connected to trip directly; however, when desirable, it may be supervised by a high-
dropout instantaneous over current (IOC) relay (see Figure 2). The high drop-out
(HDO) unit is required to drop out quickly below locked-rotor current, preventing an
undesired trip during startup by the MPR. When the phase fault current at the
terminals of a motor is considerably larger than the starting current or the motor
contribution to a fault, a high-set instantaneous trip unit can be set at 165% to 250%
of locked rotor current (ILR) to trip directly.

Figure 2: MPR characteristic Figure 2: MPR with an IOC

Fuse characteristic of 500 V fuse links

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Thermal characteristic of the 1 MW motor (In is the full load current IFL):

Characteristic of the MPR:

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