Montojo, Lincoln M.

21BSIS1M

1. What is half-duplex transmission?

In a half-duplex transmission, two devices are connected by a network cable, but communication can
only occur in one direction at once.

2. What is full-duplex transmission?

You have a point-to-point system with full duplex transmission when two devices can send at the same
time continuously. You can talk to each other and listen at the same time. It has a double bandwidth.

3. What analogy used in describing half-duplex and full-duplex transmissions?

The walkie-talkie is described as an example analogy in half-duplex transmission while in full-duplex

transmission, telephone is used as an example.

4. What network device uses half-duplex transmission?

Hub

5. What network device uses full-duplex transmission?

Switch

6. What is the technology/technologies used for detecting data collision? Explain these
technology/technologies.

CSMA/CD, short for CARRIER SENSE MULTIPLE ACCESS WITH COLLISION DETECTION is utilized on early
Ethernet networks such as half-duplex, this technology was developed not just to help prevent
collisions, but also to respond appropriately if a collision does occur. For each computer first senses if
the wire is idle, it sends the data, but if 2 computers send data at the same time, a collision will happen,
and COLLISION AVOIDANCE AND CARRIER SENSE MULTIPLE ACCESS (CSMA/CA), it is utilized on wireless
networks and utilizes the optional RTS/CTS PROTOCOL to prevent collision. Access Point will provide
feedback in the form of (RTS), which "stands for ready to send signal," and (CTS), which stands for clear
to send signal.

7. What happens to the network when collision occur?

It may result in data loss or corruption so the two computers that cause the collision will immediately
stop sending data and instead send a jamming signal out over the network, after which they will wait a
random amount of time before sending data once more.
8. What is the type of topology first used in the video when explaining collision?

Bus topology

9. Explain CSMA/CD.

- Carrier sense multiple access and collision detection (CSMA/CD)

- Applies when the collision is takes place.

- It standardized the actions taken by the network devices when two devices try to send data at the
same time.

- Applicable for Half-Duplex

10. Explain CSMA/CA.

-Carrier sense multiple access and Collision avoidance

- The optional RTS/CTS protocol can be used by this network protocol for carrier transmission to avoid
collision.

- Applied on wireless networks and works prior to a collision.