Tlxvn

1. TE)(Vll Eivat 11 EKcppao11 (E~WTEpiKEUOll, anoKpUITTOAAWOll) TOU 1.1>ux1Kou KO"

oµou TOU av9pwnou (t:.µnapiec;, ~1wµma, 16£Ec;, ouvato9J1µma) µtoa an6 Tll
611µ1oupyia tpywv nou npoKaAouv c;t10811T1Kil ouyKiv11011 .
.2. Eivat TO rnayyEAµa, 11 rn16E~16T1lTO, ll IKQVOTllTO, nou anOKTOTat µE TllV 60K11-
011 Kat TllV EµnEtpia.
r11µEiwai1: 0 6poc; TE)(Vll EµnEplEXEI ouo 011µaoiEc;. H µ[a µE TllV TIAOTIO Tile;
011µaoia civacptpETat OT'lV «KQAAITE)(VIKJl Ollµtoupyia», OT'lV IKQc
v6tllTO nou txao avepwnoc; va EKcppaoail va 011µ1oupyJ10Et
TO Wpaio.(op10µ6c; 1h H aM11011µaoia,11 aTEVJl, avacptpETat OE
Kano10 «TE)(VtK6 rnayyEAµa» (op10µ6c; 2), riou EXEi anoKT118Ei µ~
TllV OOKllO'l Kat TllV EµnEtpia.
I:J1µEpa µE TllV TE)(Vll EvvoouµE nc; E161K6 AEy6µEvEc; KaMc; TE)(VEc;,.
nou EKcppa(ouv TO wpaio Kat YEVVOUV TllV at09llTIKJl ouyKiV'l(Jll
Kat 116ovJ1.

E161Kic; cppciaE1c;
1. KaAt<; TE)(VE<;: KOIVJl ovoµaoia nou txouv 11 (wypacplKJl, 11 yAUITTIKJl, 11 OPXITEKTOVIKrt
11 OtaKOOµllTIKJl, 11 µouatKJl, TO etmpo, 11 AOYOTE)(VLO Kat 0 K1v11µmoypacpoc;.
2. EAs:u0s:ps:c; TE)(VE<;: aoxoAiEc; nou Tatp16(ouv oE EAEu9Epouc; avepwnouc;, 611Aa6q:
cp1Aooocpia, 61aAEKTIKJl, PllTOPIKJl, ypaµµmtKJl, µa811µm1K6, 9EoAoyia, (wypacp1Kft, ·
YAUITTIKJl, OPXITEKTOVIKJl, µouatKJl Kat 1mplKJl.

Ei6ri KaAwv TEXvwv

1. nAaOTIKE<; r1 ElKOOTIKE<; ii TEXVE<; xwpou ii OTOTIKE<;: (wypacplKJl, YAUITTIKJl, OPXITEc
KTOVlKJl, OIOKOOµllTIKJl.
2. <1>wv11t1Kt<; ii tov1Kt<;: µouatKJl, AoyoTEXVia (nE(6c; Myoc;, noi11011).
3. KlVllTIKE<; ii µ1µ11t1Kt<;: xop6c;, etmpo, K1v11µmoypacpoc; (xapaKT11pi(ETat we; E~OO
TE)(Vll). v
 263

Eni6paaq Tl'I( TiXVl'I( GTOV av9pwno

H TExvll rn1c'5p6 ITOIKIAOTp6nwc; Kai OOKEi EUEpyrnK~ c'5p6all OE 6Aouc; TOU<; 10µEic;
Tile; avepwmvllc; un6oTOOll<;. npoocptpEI Tll OUVOTOTllTa OlOV 6v8pwno va E~EAIX8E[
Kai va npooOEUOEI OE moµ1K6 Kai KOIVWVIKO rninEOO.

EE 11vEuµaTtK6 E11i11E60
~ foµf36AAEI OTfl OIEUpUVOll TOU nvEuµaTIKOU opi(OVTO TOU av8pwnou Kai avamuOOEI
nc; VOllTIKE<; TOU IOIOTllTE<;. H yv~ma KaAAITEXVIK~ 01lµ1oupyia nou EKcpp6(Hal µE
tpya KaAalo81loiac; npo0no8ETEI Tll VOllTIK~ AEITOupyia. H OUOIOOTIK~ rnacp~ µE
TETOIO tpya E~EAiOOEI Kai O~UVEI TllV OVTlAllll>ll TOU av8pwnou. EmnMov, ll KaTCtc'5El-
~ll Tile; npayµm1K6T1lTac; µtow Tile; a1081lT1K~c; Tfl<; ouAAllllJllc; an6 TOV KaAAITEXVll
f3oll8ouv TO 610µ0 va TllV npooEyyioa, va npof3AllµanoTE[ Kai va TllV a~10Aoy~oa
~Oil) TOU lj>UXIKOU Mtoa an6 OUT~ Tll OtaOtKao[a KIVllTOITOlElTat 0 vouc; Kai ll cpavmoia TOU.
iioe~µaTQ) µE:aa an6Tll ~ EvoTOACt(EI OTllV lj>ux~ TOU av8pwnou TllV IOEa TOU wpa[ou Kat TOU KOAOU. ITllV
t''
q<Jll. rnox~ Tile; aKaAaio81lTll<; c'51lµ1oupyiac; o 6v8pwnoc; txa av6yKll an6 EpEiqµma a1-
~0KT6Ta1 µE n1v .6aKll~ 081lT1K~c; KaAAIEpyElac;, WOTE va oiaµopcpwoa uy1~ OVTlAllll>ll y1a TO wpa(o.
~
t ~ IKOVOITOIEl TllV av6yKll TOU av8pwnou yia c'5p60ll Kai 01lµ1oupyia, EVEpyonotE[ Tl<;
nvEuµm1Ktc; 10u ouv6µac;, WOTE va avamu~a rnwcpEM c'5paOTllpi6TllTa nou aoKEi
TOV VOU KatanoTpEnEI TllV nvcuµOTIK~ aOpavonoillOll.
~ foµf36AAEIOTllV anaAAay~ Tile; OKEllJll<; an6 µopcpono11lµtva ox~µma, nc; npoKa-
mMllJac; Kai Ta OTEpE6TUna, Kai OUVTElVEI OTllV nvcuµOTIK~ EAEU8Ep[a. To 610µ0
OOKEiTat OTllV KplTIK~ a~10My1l01l Kai oiaµopcpWVEI npoowmK6 KplT~p1a avTiAllllJll<;
nou To Ka81010uv auT6voµll npoowmK6TllTa Kai an0Tpt7ouv i'll xapaywyllOll Kat
TllV ETEPOKOTEU8UVOll.

EE q8rK6 - l/JuxoAoytKO E11i11E6o

IK~, ll OPXITEKTOVIK~,
: 'lll'Vll µmoyp6cpoc;.
\
. · ~ av8pwnouc;, OllAao~:
' ·, SrnAoyia, (wypacp1K~,
~ Im tpya Ttxvllc; EVToni(ovTa1 a~16Aoya np6rnna (w~c; Kai ouµnEp1cpop6c; Kat µtow
auTwv npof36AAovTa1 a~[Ec; 6nwc; ll IOOTllTa, ll ap~vll, ll EAEu8Epia. 'ETm, 1l81Kono1-
EiTat 0 6v8pwnoc; Kat (3EATIWVHat ll auµnEp1cpop6 TOU.
~ HTEXVll E~cuyEvi(EI TllV lj>ux~, EUat081lTono1Ei, KaAA1EpyEi Tll AEm6TllTO Twv a1081l-
µ6Twv, lOV EAEYXO Kat TllV unomy~ TWV naewv Kat OOllYEi OTllV TEAEiWOll TOU av-
8pwnou, OTllV TEAEla av8pwnonoillo~ Tou.
~ H llJuxaywyia nou npoocptpETat µtow Tllc;Ttxvllc; c'51lµ1oupyEi llJUXIK~ Eucpopia mov
6v8pwno Kai ETOl Ka8ioTOTal 1Kav6c; va avnµETwnioEI Tic; OUOKOAiEc; Tile; K081lµEp1-
VOT1lTO<; Kai va av10n0Kp18Ei µE rn1rnxia 0T1c; au~llµEvEc; ana1T~oac; Tile; ouyxpovllc;
(w~c;.

~ H yvwoll Tile; npayµm1K6T1lTa<; Kat ll cumo81lTonoilloll oxET1K6 µE Ta ouyxpova

npof3Mµma nou npof36AAovTat µtow Tile; TEXVllc; Evc'5uvaµwvouv TllV aywv1anK~
c'5168coll Tou av8pwnou, 1oxupono1ouv Tll f3ouAllo~ Tou Kat yEvvouv TllV anocpam-
oT1K6T1lTa Kai TllV atOIOOO~ia yia TllV avnµETwmo~ Touc;.
264 NCOEAArJVIK~ n1.waaa KQI J\oyoTEXVfa - B' J\Ul(E{OU

~ H at081lTtKr'J TEPl!Jll nou npoocp£pe1 avaKoucpi(a Kat anai\Mooa an6 TO ayxoc; Tile;
TEXVOKpmiac; nou ouv8i\i~El Tov 6v8pwno OTllV rnoxr'J µac;, eµnvEEl Kt e~uljJwva TOV
Ka81lµep1v6 ~io.
~ LTllV TEXVll ~pioKEt Kmacpuy10 Kat avaKoucptoll o 6v8pwnoc; uoTepa an6 anoTUXiec;,
8i\1~ep6 yeyov6TO, muxeic; rn1xapr')oac;, µeyai\ec; anovollTeuoac; Kat v6oouc; l!JuXtKEc;
Kat owµOTtKEc;.

LE. E.8VIKO - 1TOAITIO'TIKO E.1Ti1TE.lfo

H TE)(Vll Ka8ioTOTat To µfoo 01mr'Jpllollc; Tile; e8v1Kr')c; TOUTOTllTac; ev6c; i\a9u Ka8wc;
Ka8opi(a TllV noi\1T10T1Kr') 101onpoownia Tou, eK<ppa(a To «nveuµa Tile; rnoxr'Jc;» Kat
anoTei\ei ~aatK6 cpopfo napaooollc; Kat noi\moµou. :Luvrnwc;, npoaoni(a TllV e8v1Kr')
cpuoioyvwµia ev6c; i\aou Kat anOTpEna TllV ai\i\oiwor') Tou an6 TllV rniopaoll ai\i\oTpt-
WTtKwv napay6vTwv.

LE 61d~v1unK6 E.1Ti1TE.6o
Ta Ollµtoupyr')µma Tile; TEXVllc; eivat navav8pwmva Kat ll 8n1Kr') TOuc; rnJopaoll
ouvTei\ei ouoiwowc; OTllV rn1Ko1vwvia Kat Tll ouvao£i\cpwoll Twv i\awv. Evwva TOuc; av-
Spwnouc;, npo~ai\i\a 10av1Ka, Kai\i\1epyei Ko1vwv1KEc; apHEc;. :Luµ~ai\i\a, rnoµ£vwc;, OTllV
npoo£yytOll TWV e8vwv Kat OTllV TIOAlTlOTtKr') ETilKOlVWVia, ytmi eivat nEpa an6 TOV t6no
Kat TOV XPOVO, XPllatµonotei TllV nayK60µ1a yi\wooa Tile; l!Juxr'Jc;, aoei\<pWVEl TOUc; i\aouc;
Kat ano:rei\ei napayovTO ElPllVtKr')c; ouµ~iwollc; Kat nayK60µ1ac; npo6oou.
Emcpui\a~ri: oTa x£p1a, 6µwc;, av8pwnwv xwpic; ll8tKouc; cppayµouc; ll TEXVll - 6nwc; Kat 11
yvwori Kat ll emotr'Jµll -yivnat 6pyavo 01acp8opac; Tou av8pwnou. Kat Touto ytmi:
~ Ynooaui\i(a nc; KOTWTepec; opµ£c; TOU av8pwnou.
~ A<pr')VEl axai\iVWTO Kat a8epCtTIEUTO TO TICt81l.
T6te ll TEXVll EXEi KEP0oC!KOntK6 xapaKTr')pa Kat yivnat EOOOO TOU eµnopiou.

Eni6paal') "tl')c; Ttxvqc; O"tl')V KOIVWvia (o KOlVWVtKoc; poAoc; -rqc; -rtxvqc;)

HTEXVll 01aopaµmi(E1 onouoaio KOlVWVlKO p6i\o, OUVTei\ei OTllV KOlVWVtKr') avaµ6p-
<pWOll Kat OTll OtOTr'JPllOll Tile; KOlVWVlKr')c; ouvoxr'Jc;. :LuyKeKptµEva:
~ Euato81lTOnotei Kat npo~i\llµmi(a TOuc; noi\iTec; y1a oo~apa npo~i\r')µma, acpunvi-
(ovTOc; Tic; OUVElOr')oElc; TOUc;, YIOTl OlOCtOKEl Tll OWOTr') OTCtOll OTIEVOVTl OTll (wr').Kru
Tic; ouoKoi\iec; Tile; Kat rrapaoayµmi(a. AuT6 eivat 101aiTepa OllµavTtK6 oe nep16oouc;; .
Kpiollc; Kat napaKµr')c;. Emni\fov, 'OE avai\oyec; neplOTCtOetc; npooq>EpEl napaµu8ia. ·
~Oll86 TllV KOlVWVlQ va OVTtµHwnioa Tile; OUOKoi\[ec; µe TllV l!JUXlKr') anocp6pTlOI)
nou EnlTUVXCtVEl.
~ Me Ta np6TUna nou npo~ai\i\e1 Kat µe TllV euepyntKr'J rniopaoll nou aoKei OTOVJ
l!Jux10µ6 Tou av8pwnou oiva 01£~000 OTO wpaia ato8r)µma Kl ETat w8ei Tov 6v8p
no va ciyana Kat va o£~nat TOuc; ouvav8pwnouc; TOU, ai\M Kat va avayvwpi(e1
OlKatWµma TOuc;, OTOlXElO nou QTIOTEAei Seµei\tWOll npo0n68rnll y1a TllV KOlVWVl •
eupu8µia.
illll' Km J\oyoTEXV{a - B' J\uKE{ou
~aooa arr6 10 ayxoc; n1c;
pa.<;,, EµTTVEEI Kl E~UlJJWVEI TOV
i
/
I'
limoc; UOTEpa arr6 arroTUXiEc;,
!! • • •
l!PflJOElc; Kat vooouc; lJJUXIKEc;
I!'
L ·.
~~TO< ev6< AaoL) Ka0W<
' mvEuµa n1c; rnoxftc;» Kat
, • <;,. rrpoaorri(a n1v E8v1Kft
• n1v rnicSpaori ai\i\0Tp1-
i\awv. Evwva 10uc; av-
~6i\i\a, rnoµtvwc;, OTl"JV
Eivat rrtpa arr6 TOV TOTTO
' OOEi\cpwVEI TOUc; i\aouc;
npo66ou.
•c; l"J TEXVl"J - 6rrwc; Kat l"J
. " npof3i\ftµma, acpurrvi~
i · OTTEVQVTI OTl"J (wft KO.I
, ·GiriµavnK6 OE TTEp166ouc;
' :i:rpoocptpa rrapaµu8ia,
''ll"IV lJJUXIKrl arrocp6pTIOl"J
paori TTOU QOKE( OTOV
trm w8Ei TOV 6v8pw-
, Kat va avayvwpi(io1 w
l"J y1a Tl"JV KOIVWVIKrl
265
~ EVTOTTl(EI Tic; OOXl"JµEc; TTTUXEc; Tl"Jc; (wftc; Kat Tl"Jc; TTpOOOOU, OTTWc; Otaµop<pWVOVTal
µfoa 010 rri\aimo Tl"Jc; rrayK00µ1orro1riµtvric; Ko1vwviac; Kat Tl"Jc; paycSaiac; TEXVoi\oy1-
Kftc; avamu~ric;. Emoriµaiva 10uc; K1vMvouc; Kat w8Ei OE avai\rilJ.lri 6paoric; y1a Tl"JV
6µf3i\uvoft 10uc;.
~ Mfow Tl"Jc; at081"JT1Kftc; Kai\i\1€pyaac; Kat Tl"Jc; EKAETTTUVOl"Jc; TWV atoSriµaTWV 0 6v8pw-
rroc; rrpooEyyi(a oumaonKa TOV ouv6v8pwrro. Arrof36i\i\a K68E 6168wri eml3oi\ftc;,
TTEp1opi(EI Tic; urrtpµETpEc; cp1i\06o~iEc; Kat arrai\i\aooa arr6 TOV cp6f3o Tl"Jc; ETEpOTl"JTac;
rrov 61xa(a Touc; av8pwrrouc; ouµf36i\i\ovmc; OTl"JV EmK01vwvia Kat Tov ouµrri\rimaoµ6
TWV av8pwrrwv.
HtAA£nlJ11 tric; TE)(Vl)c;
OcSriyEioE:
~ noi\1T1onKr't omo8o6p6µriori.
~ Avurrap~ia Oµopcp1ac; Kat Opaiou, Tou Arr6i\u10u Kai\i\ouc;, ai\M Kat cpavmoiac;.
~ Kup1apxia rra8wv Kat EVOTlKTWV.
~ A6uvaµia ETTIKOIVWViac;.
~ 'Ei\i\EtlJJl"J IOaVIKWV Kat at081"JTIKftc;.
~ A6uvaµia EK<ppaoric; OKElJJEWV, ouvatoSriµaTWV TTOU ocSriyEi OE lJ.luxoi\oy1Ka rrpol3i\ft-
µma.
~ na81"JTIKOTTOll"JOl"J TWV av8pWTTWV, XEIPQYWYl"JOl"J TOUc; arr6 i\a"iKIOTEc; Kat Oqµaywyouc; .
TTOAITIKOUc;.
~ KmarraTl"JOl"J av8pwmvwv 61Katwµ6Twv.
Mopcptc; vo911c;/KilJ611A11c;,tt)(V'lc;
~ H «TEXVl"J y1a Tl"JV TEXVl"J».
~ H «OTpmwµtvri» TEXVl"J.
~ H Eµrropwµa10rro1riµtvri TEXVl"J·
H «TE)(VIJ yra Tqv Ti)(Vq»
0 6poc; l'l «TEXVl"J yta Tl"JV TEXVl"J» Eivat KQAAITEXVIKft oxoi\ft Kat EiXE we; OKOTTO Tl"JV
ETTIOTpocpft Tl"Jc; Ttxvric; Kat Tl"Jc; rroirioric; one; apXIKEc; TOUc; µopcptc;. 01 orracSoi Tl"Jc; ovo-
µa(ovTqv EOTET, EVW 01 avni\ftlJ.lac; TOuc; EOTET10µ6c; (at081"JTI0µ6c;).
A108rinoµ6c; E(Vat at081"JTIKrl KlVl"JOl"J - pEuµa, TTOU Eµcpav(OTl"JKE OTl"JV Eupwrrri KaTO
Ta µtoa TOU 19ou atwva. 0 ato8rinoµ6c; UTTOOTl"Jpi(EI OTI Kup1oc; OKOTT6c; Tl"Jc; TEXVl"Jc;
Eivat µ6vo ri at081"JTIKrl arr6i\auori, Kat 6T1 ri TEXVl"J rrp€rrE1 va EKT1µ6m1 arr6 Tl"JV atoSri-
TIKrl ouyKivriori Kat ox1 y1mi urrayopEUEI µta OTaori arrtvavn oTa cpatv6µEva Tl"Jc; (wftc;
Kat OTQ rrpof3i\ftµma Tl"Jc; KOlVWViac;. To 66yµa ri «TEXVl"J yta Tl"JV TEXVl"J» acStacpopEi yta
TO KOIVWVIKO, ri8tK6 r't orro106ftrroTE ai\i\o TTEPIEXOµEVO TOU TTOll"JTlKOU r't KQAAITEXVIKOU
tpyou. Ta tpya Ttxvric; rrpfoa va EKTtµwvm1 µE KptTftp1a at081"JTIKCt µ6vo Kat ri a~ia 10uc;
EiVat CtOXETl"J arr6 Tl"JV ri81Kft, TTOAITIKrl r't 8pl"JOKEUTtKr't TOUc; W<pEi\tµOTl"JTa.
266 'NEOEAAT]VlKrJ r>..waaa Kat l\oyoTEXV[a - B' l\UKE[ou

To Kivr-iµa «TE)(Vll y1a TllV TE)(Vll» 8EwpEi TllV TE)(Vll we; auT6voµll a~ia aoxETll arr6
wcpEi\1µ1onKE<; XPll01µ6TllTEc; ~ ll81KE<; Kmw8uvoac;. «H TE)(Vll 6Ev rrpE1TE1 va EXEi ai\i\ll
arrooTOM arr6 TO va 61EyEipa OTllV ljJux~ Tou av8pwrrou TllV aio81lOll Tou wpaiou µE
TllV OJTOAUTll Ollµaoia TOU 6pou».
H KOAAITEXVIK~ OUT~ oxoi\~ ~TOV µ1a 6iaµaprnpia KaTO Tile; OOTIK~c; TO~ll<;, OTllV
orroia Kup1apxouoE o wcpEi\1µ10µ6c; Kat TO xp~µa.

«ITpaTEuµivq TE)(Vfl»
Kma TllV OJTOljJll OUT~ ll TE)(Vll µrropEi va UJTllPETEi Kat E~WKOAAITE)(VIKOU<; OKOJTOU<;,
61li\a6~ JTOAITIKOU<;, 16toi\oy1Kouc; Kat KOlVWVIKOU<; OTOXOU<;.

l:TpaTEUµEVll Eivm ll TE)(Vll JTOU avacpEpETm YEVIKOTEpa OTO KOIVWVIKO cpmv6µEva KOi
rraipVEl µia OTOOll OJTEVOVTi TOU<;. Eivm ll TE)(Vll JTOU EKcppa(EI µia 16Eoi\oyia - JTOAITIK~,
cp1i\ooocp1K~, SpllOKEUTlK~. l:TpaTEUµEVll Eivm ll TE)(Vll JTOU UJTllPETEi cpavanK616EOi\oyiEc;
rroi\mKE<;, ll81KE<; ~ SpllOKEUTlKE<;. EKEiVll rrou Em6twKEI va µETa6woE1 tva µ~vuµa rroi\1-
TIKO, 1l81K6, 8pllOKEUTIK6, Ko1vwv1K6. EKEiVll rrou EXEi we; arrwTEpo oKorr6 T1l 61acp~µ1oll
KOJTOIWV IOEWV, TOV rrpOOllAUTI0µ6 TWV m6µwv' OE KOJTOta 16fo ~ JTOAlTlK~ rrapaTO~ll·
H OTpmwµEVll TE)(Vll arroKTa Ollµaoia one; µopcptc; EKEivEc;, rrou txouv rni6paoll
OE EUpUTEpO KOIVO: OTllV JTOlllOll KOi KUpiwc; OTO 8EaTpO, Ka8wc; KOi OE OAAE<; µopcpE<;
Tll<; TE)(Vll<;, Tll<; µoUOlK~<; KOi KUpiwc; OUT~<;.
H OTpaTEUµEVll TE)(Vll, µtow TOU 8E6Tpou, TOU KIVllµmoypacpou, Tile; JTOlllOllC: KOi Tll<;
µoumK~c;, ouµ~ai\i\a arroTEi\rnµm1K6 OTll 61aKiV1lOll t6Ewv, OTllV rrpo~oi\~ SfoEwv ~
KQJTOIWV OAAWV OKOJTlµOT~TWV.
Eivm, ~E~ma, cpumK6 va 6iaKpivovra1 OTO tpyo TE)(Vll<; Km KOJTOIE<; KOIVWVIKE<; 16EE<; ~
Km rroi\1T1K6 «mOTEUW» TOU Kai\i\1TE)(Vll - 61lµ1oupyou. AuT6 6Ev Eivm KaTaKp1Tfo, apKEi
6µwc; 01 16EE<; va µETa6i6ovTm µE Tp6rro Kai\i\1TE)(VIK6 Km va µllv txouv «Kmarrvi~Et»
TllV Kai\i\lTE)(VIK~ ouyKiVllOll.
01 orra6oi Tile; OTpaTEUµEVll<; TE)(Vll<; JTlOTEUOUV rrwc; K68E EKO~AWOll Tll<; TE)(Vll<; JTOU
OEV ayyi(EI Tll (w~ KOi Ta rrpo~Mµma Tll<; Eivm OXPllOTll.
napayovTEc; rrou Tllv rn1~ai\i\ouv:
~ TO KPOTO<;, KUpiwc; Ta OJTOAUTOPXIKO K08EOTWTO,
~ Ta OIKOVOµIKO ouµcpEpOVTO,
~ 01 JTOAlTlKO( KOi KOµµanKoi cpopEic;,
~ TO rrp'oowmKO JT081l TOU KOAAITEXVll, OJTW<; 0 cpavm10µ6c;, 0 KOlpOOKOJTl0µ6c;, TO .
ouµcptpov, ll moi\µia K.6.

«Eµ"opEuµaT0"01qµiv11 TE)(Vfl»
ME Tov 6po EµrropEuµmorro11lµEV1l TEXVll, avacptpETOl ll Kai\i\1TEXVIK~ rrapaywyq ·
tpywv xaµllMc; mo81lT1K~c; a~iac;, rrou we; rrpwrapx1K6 oKorr6 6Ev EXEi TllV EKcppaaq
TOU wpaiou, ai\i\6 TllV E~aocpai\10ll TOU KEp6ouc;.

aKai J\oyoTEXVia - B' J\UKEiou
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-----;.~~
auT6voµri a~(a 60XETl"J arr6
~ll 6Ev rrpfoa va EXEi aAAl"J
rriv alo8riori TOU wpa(ou µE
7uKaAAlTEXVlKOU<; OKorrouc;,
m KOlVWVlKQ <patv6µEva Kat
~ µ1a lOEOAoy(a - TTOAlT!Kfj,
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Eta6woa Eva µfjvuµa rroA1-
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&a fJ rroAmKfj rrapaTa~l"J.
EivEc;, rrou Exouv rni6paori
!llSWc; Kat OE aAAEc; µopcpEc;
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'OTl"JV rrpo~oA(j 8EaEWV ~
illimOlE<; KOIVWVlKE<; IOEE<; r'j
iev ElVQI KQTOKplTEo, apKEi
o µriv Exouv «Kmarrvl~a»
BOfjAWOl"J Tl"J<; TEXVl"J<; TTOU
~ 0 KatpOOK01TI0µ6c;, TO
I: , xapaKTr'jpa OTO XWPO QUT6 600 Kai Tl"J<; EµnopEuµaTOJTOll')O"I')<;, TTOU EXEi JTAr'j~El QVE-
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~ 11 EAAElljJl"J mo811T1Kfjc; aywyfjc; TOU KOlVOU Myw TOU EKTTQIOEUTIKOU KEVOU o' QUT6v
TOVTOµEa,
~ TO xaµriM ato8rinK6 rn(TTEOO TWV KQAAlTEXVlKWV rrpo'i6VTWV Kai 11 UTTEprrpoocpopa
Tl"J<; EUKOAl"J<; 6taoKE6aoric;,
~ 11 OUVEXfJ<; rrpo~oA(j TWV KQAAlTEXVlKWV urrorrpo'i6VTWV arr6 TQ M.M.E.
~ 11 AElTOUpyia Tl"J<; ~10µ11xav(ac; TOU TTOAITIOµou (610Koypa<p1KE<; - Ktvriµmoypa<ptKE<;
ETalpE(Ec; KTA.) TTOU rrapaya µa(lKQ EUTEA(j KQAAITEXVIKO rrpo'i6vTa.
Iuvin£1£<; avantu(qc; Tl')<; £µnop£uµaTono111µ£v11c; T£xv11c;:
~ H Eµrropcuµmorro111 µEVl"J TEXVl"J arroTEAE( 6tampE~AwµEVl"J µop<pfj TEXVl"J<; rrou urro-
~a8µi(Et TOV p6AO, Tl"JV a~ia Kai Tl"J AEITOupyia Tl"J<; yvfjmac; 611µ1oupyiac;. YrroTayµEVl"J
oTOv oupµ6 Kai OTl"J µa(orroiriori rrpo~aAAEI TTOAITIITTtKa urrorrpo'i6vrn urrovoµEuo-
VTac; Tl"JV rrriyaia KQAAITEXVIK(j EK<ppaori. 'ETat, TUTTOTTOIEi Tl"JV Eµrrvcuori Kai Tl"J 611µ1-
oupyia TOU KQAAITEXVl"J Kai OUVTEAE( OTl"JV TTOAITIITTIK(j urro~68µ1crri.
~ na811T1Korro1Ei Kai arrorrpooavmoAi(Et Tov av8pwrro urro~1~6(ovTac; Tl"JV KpmKfj
OKEljJl"J, a6paV07TOlWVTac; TO TTVEUµa. EmrrMov, urro~a8µi(El TO ato811T1K6 Kp!Tfjpto
TOU KOAAITEXVIKOU KOIVOU Kai Tl"JV a10811nKfj a~ia Tl"J<;TEXVl"J<;.
~ 0 EUTEA10µ6c; TOU ata81lTIKOU KplTl"Jpiou TTOU rrpOKQAElTal arr6 Tl"JV Eµrropcuµmo-
TTOll"JµEVl"J TEXV'l 611µ1oupyEi arr60TOOl"J µETa~U TOU av8pwrrou KQl Tl"J<; a~16Aoy11c;
KQAAITEXVIK(jc; EK<ppacrric; Kai Ka810Ta Tl"JV KQTQ~IWµEVl"J TEXVl"J 6uorrp6atTl"J OTO cupu
KO!V6.
H a61acpopia TOU auvxpovou av0pwnou anEVQVTI OTl'IV TExv11
H rrpoocpopa Tl"J<; TEXvric; OTl"JV moµ1Kfj KatK01vwv1Kfj (wfj Eiva1 a61aµcp1o~r'jTl"JTl"J.
0oT6oo, o av8pwrroc; Tl"J<; OUYXPOVl"J<; rnoxr'Jc; a61a<pOpEl yta Ta KQAAITEXVIKO 611µ1oup-
yr'jµma Kai avnµETwrrl(El Tl"JV TEXVl"J we; xwpo QTTOOTEWµEVO Kai arrp6atTO. 01 Myot rrou
Ol)VTEAEOQV ITTl"J 61aµ6pcpwo11 QUT(jc; Tl"J<; maoric; ouvolj.Jl(OVTQI OTQ aK6Aou8a:
~ To UAIOTIKO JTVEUµa Tl"J<; ouyxpovric; rnoxfJc; Kai 11 aK6pEOTl"J KQTQVQAWT!Kfj µavia
ooriyouv OE a6ta<popla y1a Tl"JV rrvcuµmtKfj KQAAIEpyaa Kai QVQOTEAAOUV Tl"JV rnacpfj
µE Tl"JV TEXVl"J· H 8EOTTO{l"JOl"J TOU XPfJµmoc; KQl 11 OUVETTlKOUp(a Tl"J<; O!acpr'jµtal"J<; rrpoc;
auTfjv Tl"JV KmEu8uvori avT1mpmEuovTa1 K68E rrpoorra8aa rrpo0Eyy1011c; Tl"J<; TEXVric;.
~ H ETTlKPOTl"JOl"J TOU TEXVOKpatlKOU JTVEUµaTO<; Kai 0 an6AUTO<; op80Aoy10µ6c; QJTO-
mpayyi(ouv Tl"JV cua10811oia arr6 Tl"JV av8pwmvri llJuxfJ Kai 61Eupuvouv To xaoµa µE-
Ta~u Tou ouyxpovou av8pwrrou Kai Ka8E Kma~1wµEv11c; KaAAtTEXVIKfjc; 611µ1oupyiac;.
~ H QUTOQAAOTplWO"I') Tl')<; TEXVI')<; T6oo Myw n1c; ETTIKpOTl"JOI')<; TOU TEXVOKPQTIKOU
JTav6p8wTa Tl') ouyxpovri TEXVl"J, EmTEiVEl Tl"JV a61a<popla Tou av8pwrrou. H rrpo~oAfj
urro~a8µ1oµEVWV KaAAlTEXVIKWV npoTunwv Kai 11 ITTpOTEUOl"J Tll<;TEXVl"J<; ITTl"JV W<pE-
AtµtonKfj VOOTponla EUTEA((ouv TOV xapaKTfjpa Tile; Kai anw8ouv TO KOtV6.
268 NEOEAA'lVIKr'j n. waaa KQI J\oyOTEXVia - B' J\UKEiou
., H EAITIOl'lKrl auµnEpl<popa Kat 'l QTIOOl'QO'IOTIOiriari TWV KQAAITE)(VWV an6 TO EV"
61a<p£pov yta TO Ka8riµc.p1v6. KOlVWVlKOTIOAlTlKQ npoj3Mµma nou OVTtµHwni(El 0
ouyxpovoc; 6.v8pwnoc; txouv 611µ1oupyr'joc.1 Tc.p6.ona an6oTOOfl µHa~u Tou Kotvou
Kat Twv KOAAtTE)(VWV. 0 ouyxpovoc; 6.v8pwnoc; ato86.vETat aviKavoc; va npooc.yyioc.1
TO KaAAlTEXVlKQ 6riµ1oupyr'jµma, y1mi OUTr'j 'l EVTUTIWOfl EXEi KOAAlEPY'l8Ei an6 TOUc;
i61ouc; TOU<; Oflµtoupyouc;. To EnlTflOEUµEVO U<poc;, 'l ouv8Hfl OtatUTIWOfl Kat 0 OK0-
611µa"ioµ6c; nou ouvocSc.uouv TflV EK<ppaor'j TOuc; c.u8uvovTat y1' auT6.
Eu8uvri y1a TflV EK vfou ouvcSrnri TOU av8pwnou µc. TflV TEXVl"I <pEpEl TOOO TO 6.TOµo
600 Kat 01 <pope.le; aywyr'jc;. H 01KoytvEia, nou c.ivat unc.u8uvri yia TflV lJ.luxonvc.uµan-
Kr'\ 1oopponia Tou nat61ou EXEi, xpfoc; va µc.Ta6woa Tl"IV ayanri y1a TflV TEXV'l Kat va
npow8r'joa TflV ato8rinKr'j KOAAtEpyaa. Ocpc.iAEl va <pEpc.1 oc. rna<pr'j TO vc.ap6 6.TOµo
µc. nc; yvr'jmc.c; KOAAtTEXVtKEc; 611µ1oupyic.c;. To 8Empo, o Ktvriµmoyp6.<poc;, 'l µoumKr'j, 'l
AoyoTc.xvia c.ivat ouvr'j8wc; 01 npwTc.c; µop<pEc; Tixvric; nou yvwpi(a o 6.v8pwnoc; oc. µtKpr'\
flAlKia. 'ETot, anoKT6. KOAAlTEXVlKQ c.vcSta<pEpOVTO Kat KaAAlEpyc.iTat 'l at08flTlKr'\ aVTlAflljJfl.
Ta Mtaa Evriµtpwaric; we; nriyEc; TIAflpo<p6prioric; q>Epouv c.u8uvri y1a TflV no16TflTa
TWV KOAAlTEXVlKWV npOTUTIWV nou npow8ouv. Mc. 6c.6oµEVO TOV KOlVWVlKO TOU<; p6AO
Kat TflV rntppor'j nou OOKOUV OTfl 61aµ6p<pwo11 TOU KOlVOU at08flTlKOU KplTflpiou, c.m-
j36.AAETat 'l 6tOXETEUOfl au8c.vnKWV Kat mwaiwv KaAAlTEXVlKWV 611µ1oupy1wv.
0 i61oc; o av0pwnoc; c.ivat avayKaio va avnAfl<p8c.i TflV a~ia Tfl<; TEXVfl<; Kat va unc.p-
KEp6.oa TO npooK6µµma nou Tpoxonc.6ouv n1v c.na<pr'j Tou µc. TO 611µ1oupyr'jµm6. n1c;.
npo0n68rnri y1a va ouµj3c.i auT6 c.ivat 'l rnav1c.p6.px11011 a~1wv, 'l anoµ6.Kpuvori an6
Tov UAtK6 c.u6atµov10µ6 Kat 'l avaywyr'j Tfl<; 1181Konvc.uµanKr'jc; KOAAtipyadc; oc. npoTE-
pat6TflTO.

H 8£a11 Tfl( TEXV'l( OTO auyxpovo axoAEio

H nc.p18wp1ono(flO'l Tfl<; TEXVfl<; OTOV XWPO TOU OflµEplVOU OXOAEiou, oa<pw~ OEV
c.ivat 6.0XET'l µc. TO nvc.uµa Kat Tfl <plAOOO<pia Tfl<; OUYXPOVfl<; rnoxr')c;. To OXOAEio K6.8c.
KOlVWViac; Ka8pE<pTi(El TOU<; OT6xouc; Kat Tic; rn161w~ac; OAAQ Kat Tl<; npOTEpat6TflTEc; nou
OUTr'j 8ETEl OTa µEAfl Tfl<;. 'ETot, OE µta KOlVWVia XPflotµo8flplKr'j Kat EVTOVO UAlOTlKr'j, nou
KIVEiTat OTOV pu8µ6 TOU KOTaVOAWTlOµou Kat nou EXEi we; 66yµa Tfl<; TflV UAlOTIKr'j c.u6m-
µovia, TO c.v61a<p£pov yta nc; TEXVE<; nc.pv6. OE OEUTEP'l µoipa. rt' OUTO Kat TO ouyxpovo
axoAc.io c.v61a<pEpETat va 61anat6aywyr'joc.1 av8pwnouc; µc. yvwoc.1c; c.~c.161Kcuµ£vc.c; Kat
XPflotµo81]plKEc; Kat ox1 anapa(TflTa OAOKAflpWµEvc.c;, KOAAlEPYflµEvc.c; Kat c.uaio811Tc.c;
npoowmK6TflTEc;. :Lr'jµc.pa 6iva npoTc.pat6TflTO oc.. ouyKc.Kptµtva µa8r'jµma, 'l yvwori
TWV onoiwv ea npoo<pEpEl E<p66ta OTOU<; µa8flTEc; y1a va EVTOX80UV OTflV ayop6. c.pya-
oiac;, OlEKOlKWVTac; µta a~16µax11 8£ori. H c.vaox6Afl0'l µc. nc; TEXVE<; Kat TOV xwpo TOU
nvc.uµmoc;, OE YEVlKEc; ypaµµEc;, 6c.v ouµj3a6i(El µ' auTr'j Tfl AOytKr'j, yt' auT6 Kat nc.pto- .
pi(ETat oc. µta anoonaoµmtKr'\ Kat rn1<pavaaKr'j npootyy1011.
AAA6. Kat yc.v1K6Tc.pa 01 apxtc; nou 61£nouv n1 <ptAooocpia Tou ouyxpovou av8pwnou,
6nwc; OUTE<; Tfl<; «r'jOOOVO<;» npoon6.8aac;, TrJ<; µmato6o~iac;, TOU EVTOVOU Kat Ol.IXVci ·
a8EµtTou avTaywv1oµou, 6c.v ouµj3a6i(ouv µc. nc; apxEc; nou c.µnvfouv -ra 616.cpopa KaA- .
AITEXVtK6. 611µ1oupyr'jµma. 'ETot 'l TEXV'l cSuoKOAEUETat va c.u60K1µr'joa o' Eva oxoAtKo
iii /\oyon::xvfa - B' J\uKeiou
llahAITE:XVWV an6 TO EV-
Ita nou avnµETwni~Et o
TOOll µETa~u TOU KOIVOU
lViKavoc; va npom=:yyioEt
:i KOAAIEPYll8Ei an6 wuc;
!fl 61munwoll Kat o aKa-
11 y1' auT6.
C'IJT) <pEpEl TOOO TO 6TOµO
1yto TllV t1Juxonvwµm1-
l1lll y1a TllV Ttxvll Kat va
ura<pr'J TO vrnp6 6wµo
rroypacpoc;, ll µouotKr'Jr ll
(Et o 6v8pwnoc; OE µ1Kpr'J
[(11 ll at081lTtKr'J OVTlAlllVll·
ru8UVll yta TllV TIOIOTllTO
toV KOIVWVIKO TOU<; p6i\o
DBllnKou KptTllpiou, rn1-
w 61lµ1oupy1wv.
llTI)c; TEXVll<; Kat va unEp-
ETa Ollµtoupyr'Jµma Tile;.
'1v, ll anoµ6Kpuvoll an6
c; Kai\i\1£pyE1ac; OE npOTE-
ou oxoi\Eiou, oacpwc; 6Ev
moxr'Jc;. T0 oxoi\Eio KCt8E
umc; npon::pat6TllTEc; rrou
!!Kat tvwva ui\tOTtKr'J, rrou
aa ·n1c; TllV ui\10TtKr'J EUOat-
.ft' OUTO Kat TO OUVXPOVO
ihJOEI<; E~EIOIKEUµEVEq KQI
PVllµEvEc; Kat waio8qTEc; ··
Jtva µa8r'Jµma, ll yvwof}
Q..'8ouv OTllV ayopa Epya- ..·
;Tfy\/Ec; Kat TOV xwpo TOU .
oy1Kr'J, yt' QUTO Kat nEpto- .•.
JU ouyxpovou av8pwnou,
C,. TOU EVTOVOU Kat OUXVll·
pnvfouv TO 616<popa KaA-
OOKtµr'JoEt o' tva oxoi\1Ko
269
nEpt~6Mov XP1l0tµo81lptK6, EVTOVQ QVTOYWVIOTIK6, unomyµtvo moue; UAIOTIKOU<; OKO-
nouc; Tll<; OUVXPOVll<; KOIVWViac;. ft' OUTO Kat ll npoon68Eta yta CtPOll QUTr'Jc; Tll<; OPVllTIKr'J<;
Kmamaollc; Eivat OUOKOAll Kat 161aiTEpa oo~apr'J.
H auµpoA!l TOU axoAEiou OTllV E~OIKEiwaq TWV µa9qTWV µE T'lV TE)(\111
npwTapx1K6c; oKon6c; u1c; EKnai6Euollc; Eivat ll Ollµtoupyia oi\oKi\llpwµtvwv, avE~ap­
TllTWV Kat nvwµm1K6 wp1µwv av8pwnwv, µE au~llµEvll KpmKr'J 1Kav6T1lTO Kat aio81lOll
auwyvwoiac;. r1a TllV rniTEU~ll TOU OKOTIOU QUTOU OllµavTtKr'J E(vat ll ouv6poµr'J TWV
EpE810µ6TWV Kat TWV OTOIXEiwv nou npoO<pEpEI ll OUVEIOllTr'J Kat ouxvr'J EVOOXOAllOll
µE TllV TEXVll Kat TO Ollµtoupyr'Jµma Tll<;.
AnatTOUVTat, AOtnOV, OptoµEVE<; OuvaµtKE<; KIVr'JOEI<; OTOV XWPO Tile; EKnaiOEUOll<;,
6nwc; TO va ouµnEplAll<p8ouv aµrna o' 6i\a Ta 616aKTtK6 npoypaµµma µa8r'Jµma nou
txouv we; avnKEiµEvo 616<popEc; µop<ptc; TEXVll<;. H Evaox6J..rioll 6µwc; µ' auTa Eivat ava-
YKll va µll µEiVEI OE 8EWPllTIKO Kat rnt<pOVEIQKO rninEOO, ai\M va npoxwpr'JOEI OE 01l-
µ1oupy1Kr'J Kat y6vtµll Kmaypa<pr'J EµnEtplWV. To OTr'Jatµo 8EmptKWV napaOTCtOEWV, ll
opyavWOll µouatKWV EKOllAWOEWV, ll rna<pr'J TWV µa81lTWV µE TO i610 TO OVTIKEiµEVO Tile;
KQAAITEXVtKr'Jc; EK<ppOOll<; (n.x. µouatKr'J, 8£mpo K.6.) Kat ll Ev86ppuvor'J TOU<; OE an6nEt-
pEc; OUOIQOTIKr'Jc; E~OIKEiWOll<;, ETOI WOTE va µnopouv va OVTIA1l<p8ouv TllV ouoia Kat TO
µEyaA£io Tile; KaAi\tTEXVtKr'Jc; EK<ppaollc;, Eivat µEptK6 an6 auT6 nou µnopouv aµrna va
E<papµOOTOUV. napaAAllAO, 0 OTOOtaK6c; E~OnA10µ6c; TWV OXOAEiwv µE TO anapaiTllTO
rnorrTtK6 µfoa, aAM Kat ll rnav6pwoll µE E~EtOtKEuµtvo npoowmK6 Sa ~oll8r'Joouv
OTllV OUOIQOTtKr'J ~EATiWOll Tile; KaTCtOTOOll<;.
TtAoc;, ll OUOIQOTtKr'J napouoia Tile; TEXVll<; OTll oxoi\tKr'J npayµanKOTllTO µnopEi va
OOllVr'JOEI OTllV OVlXVEUOll TWV KAiOEWV TWV µa81lTWV (tOIOlTEpa OE µtKpOTEpEc; llAIKiE<;),
ETOI WOTE npayµmtKCt TO OXOAEio va ouµ~ai\Et OTll ~a8UTEPll YVWOll TOU EOUTOU TOU<;
Kat VO TC>,U<; OOllVr'JOEI OE OWOTOTEpE<; EmAoy£c; yta Tll µEAAOVTtKr'J TOU<; E~EAl~ll·
npo0no9EaEI( y1a TllV KaAA1ipyE1a Tile'; TEXV'l(
~ t.llµOKpmtK6 noi\iTEuµa, WITTE va nEpt<ppoupEiTat ll EAEU8Epia Tile; EK<ppaollc; Kat Tile;
OKElJ.lllc;.
~ natOEia TIOU KOAAIEpyEi TO at081lTIKO KptTr'JptO, TllV KOAat081lOia.
~ Ei\w8Epia EK<ppaollc; Kai\AtTEXVWV (1l8tK£c; npoowmK6TllTEc;, µop<pwµtvo1 ... ), EAEU-
8EPll 61aKiV1l01l t6Ewv;
~ MEAETll oTa 61acpopa EiOll TEXVll<;. KaAA1£pyE1a KaAAtTEXVtKou ouvato8r'Jµmoc; (nat-
OEia, napaKoAou81lOll KaAAtTEXVtKwv EKOlli\woEwv).
~ Anocpuyfi EKXUOa"ioµou Kat Eµnopwµmonoillollc; Tllc;Ttxvllc;.
~ 'Ox1 rtxvll y1a TllV Ttxvll, ai\M TEXVll y1a Tov av8pwno.
~ nvwµmtKr'J KQAAIEPYEIQ Kat KQAAITEXVtKr'J EUat081lOia.
~ 01Kovoµ1Kr'J Evioxuoll an6 µtpouc; Tile; noi\tTEiac;, nou anatTEiTat y1a Tll ~Ei\TiWOll Kat
np6o6o TWV KaAwvTExvwv.
~ noAITIOTIKOi ouAi\oyot.
~ A~tonoillOll Tile; napaooollc;. KaAAIEPVEIO Q~IWV.
 NEOEAAl')VIKll r>.waaa KQI AoyoTEXVia - B' J\UKEiou
270

npo0no0ia£1<; (ano nAEupac;Kall1Tixv11)

~ Tai\tvTo, cpavma[a Kat EUatOSflo[a.
~ Kai\i\tTE)(VtKr't natOE[a.
~ 'EµnvEUOfl.
~ H unap~fl KaTOAAflAWV EpE8taµ6TWV.
~ LUVEXf't<; Eypf'tyopOfl.
~ Kma~[WOfl.
~ En!yvwofl Tfl<; uljJfli\r'tc; anoaToi\f'tc; Tou Kat Twv weuvwv nou auTr't auvrnayETat.

npo0no0iaEI<; TOU KaAAITEXVIKOU .ipyou

To Kai\i\tTE)(VtK6 tpyo ocpE[i\a va:
~ b.ta8£TEt µEy6i\fl EK<ppamtKr't Mvaµfl, va auvapn6(Et Ttc; l!Juxtc; Twv av8pwnwv.
~ EK<pp6(Et navav8pwmvouc; n68ouc;, wmE va txa 61axpov1Kr't a~[a.
~ E[vat npWTOTUTIO (6x1 rnav6i\fll!Jfl, TUTIOTIOlflOfl).
~ Ava<pEpETat OE 8£µma KOIVWVIKOU npo~Aflµattaµou, (6Xt fl «TEXVfl yta TrlVTE)(Vfl»).

220 KPITHPIO A:IOAOrHtHt

A. MTl AoyoTEX1flK6 KEiµEvo

TE)(VIJ Kai ('wtj
Ttxvfl Eivat fl (wr't µE 6i\i\a µtoa. 0 npouaT anoKai\EI 6aouc; µ1MvE y1a tva tpyo
TEXVfl<; anoKoµµtvo an6 Tfl (wr't «yEpovTonaMKapa Tfl<; TE)(Vfl<;», OTEipouc; avepwnouc;.
H TEXVfl OEV E[Vat ouTE t~w ouTE avwTEPfl an6 Tfl (wf't. E!va1 fl (wr't - OTflV au8EVTtKr't
Tfl<;, 6µwc;, EKOOXr't·
'O,TI IOOTIEOWVEI Tfl (wr't OTEpwvTac; Tfl<; K68E a~[a Kat EVOta<ptpov E[Vat fl auvf't8aa,
fl onoia, «VTUVOVTO<; TO np6yµma µE TO pouxa Tfl<; OIKEIOTflTO<;», µac; E~aacpai\[(a.µEv
aacp6i\aa, ai\M, auyxpovwc;, µac; anoK6ma an6 6,n Kava Tfl (wr't va E[Vat aya86 Kat va
a~[(Et va Tfl (a KavEic;. Ac; aKoi\ou8f'taouµE TO nap66E1yµa Tau NwE, nou, txovmc; (f'taE1
EKaTOVTOOE<; xp6vta, ElXE E~OIKEtW8E[ TOOO noM µE TO np6yµma yupw TOU, nou T(TIOTE
OEV TOU npoKOAOUOE ma TO EVOta<ptpov. b.EV EiXE KQVEVO KlVflTpO, KOITWVTO<; yupw TOU,
va unoljJtaOTEi µf'tnwc; KOTI, TEAIKO, &v f'tmv ETOI 6nwc; TOU <patVOTOV. 'OTaV, 6µwc;, Ent~
~l~OOTflKE OTflV Kl~WTO TOU, xwpta an6 TO nEpt~6i\i\ov TOU 6nwc; ElXE OUVflS[aEt va TO
~Mna, TOTE 01 86µvo1, ta otvTpa, Ta (wa, Ta noT6µ1a anEKTflOOV 61acpopET1K6 v6flµa.
 ~m l\oyon:xvia - B' l\uKEiou
rou auTq ouvrnavETat.
ljJUXE<; TWV ave,pwnwv.
111Kq a~ia.
I fl «TEXVTJ v1a TT]V TExvrp>).
~10 A:IOAOrHtH~
p.::'"'
oouc; µ1MvE via Eva EPVO
q<;», ITTEipouc; avepw!fOU<;,
11 T] (wq - OTT]V aueEVTlK~
illa:q>Epov Eivat ri ouvqeaa,
i(QQ>, µac; E~aocpaXi(aµEv
1{wq va Eivat avae6 Kat va
Ill NwE, nou, Exovmc; (~oa
i
para vupw Tou, nou TinoTE
flrpo, KOlTWVTa<; vupw TOU,
fmv6Tav. 'Omv, 6µwc;, rn1-
Dirrwc; EiXE ouvrieioa va TO .
~ 61acpopmK6 v6T]µCL .·
'
271
H a_9a TT]<; TEXVT]<; oE To6To aKp1~wc; ouvimmat: mo va avaKaXouµE xapri oE auTqv
EKEivo nou, EXOVTO<; oKrnamEi an6 TT] ouv~eaa, 6Ev µnopouµE va TO rn1oriµavouµE µE
nc; cpuotKE<; atoe~oac; µac;. H TEXVT] 6Ev Eivat 6nwc; o Epwmc;, 6nou 6Xa E~oµo1wvov1at,
6nou Kat Ol clOXT]µOl Kat 01 wpaiOl Kat 01 avqµnopOl Kat 01 6uvmoi Kat 01· ljJT]AOi Kat 01
KOVTOi Kat 01 XOVTpoi Kat Ol AEmo[ Kat 01 clVTpE<; Kat 01 vuva[KE<; <pEpOVTat va ~lWVOUV
a6taKpiTwc; TT]V !61a Eµnap!a. Mfoa an6 m Epva TT]<;, ri TEXVT] Enl\T]TEi va ava6Ei~a
66T]AE<; napaµETpouc; TT]<; (wqc; µac;, Tl<; onoiEc;, E~atTiac; TT]<; ouvqeaac;, npoonEpvaµE
a616cpopa ,-- TOUTEaTlV AEmoµEpEIE<;. H TEXVT] µac; EnlTpEnEl, npompEpOVTcl<; µac; TOU<;
KaTclAAT]AOU<; <paKouc;, va EOTlclOOUµE TT] µm16 µac; OE AEmOµEpEIE<; Kat va avaKaM-
ljlouµE, ETOI, TT] (wq µac; we; avae6, nou, 6iacpopET1K6, µE m cpuo1K6 µana µac; Eivat
a66vmov va TT] 6ouµE oav TET010. 0 KaAAlTEXVT]<; µ016\a, Ma o npouoT, µE Tov om1K6,
nou KaTaOKEUcl(El cpaKouc; v1a TOU<; napmT]pT]TE<; TWV EPVWV TOU, npoKElµEVOU va TOU<;
6woa TT] 6uvm6TT]TO va 6ouv TT] (w~ 6nwc; npEnEI, xwpic; auT6, ~i~aia, va oriµaiva 6T1
ETOl auwµaTW<; ea anoKaAucpeE[ µnpOOTcl TOU<; T] xaµEVT] TOU<; (w~.
H (wq 6E 61660KETat. B1wvETat. Triv KmaXa~aiva KavEic; (wvmc; TT]V. To.1610 Kat ri
TEXVT] we; eEpanatvic; TT]<;: XPElcl(ETat KaVE[<;, KOlTWVTa<; µEoa an6 TOU<; cpaKouc; nou µac;
npoocpEpouv 01 KaAAlTEXVE<;, va 6iaµopcpwoa TT] 61Kq Tou om1Kq, v1a va 6a 6oa a~i(a
va 6a
0 KaAAlTEXVT]<; µE Ta Epva Tou 6Ev otKo6oµEi Evav 61K6 Tou, 6nwc; unoOTT]pi(ETat,
K6oµo. Av ETOl EiXE TO npavµa, ea µac; µlAOUOE aKmaXa~iITTlKa v1a npavµma nou KaVE[c;
µac; OEV ea q~EpE nou unapxouv, on6TE KaAa ea KavaµE, via va µT] XPOVOTp1~06µE, va
TOU vup[oouµE TT]V nAaTT] acp~VOVTcl<; TOV qouxo va natOEUETat.OTOV .K6oµo TOU. 'Ox1!
0 KaAAlTEXVT]<; µ1µEiTat TOV [610 auT6v K6oµo 6nou 6Xo1 EiµaoTE ouvKaTOlKOl, cppovTi-
(O)ITO<; 6µwc; -Kl auT6, TEAlKcl, E[Vat TO mo oriµav:r1K6 KoµµaTl TT]<; 6paOTT]plOTT]Tcl<;
TOU- va 6iaM~a va µ1µ11eEi an6 m npavµma Kat Ta VEvov6Ta EKEiva µ6vo nou a(i(a
va µac; KlV~OOUV TO Ev6iacpEpov, via va anoKTqOEI T] (wq µac; v6riµa. «b.EV apKEi», AEEI
o NT1VTEp6 via Tov KaAAlTEXVT], «va EXEi TaMvTo, xpaa\ETat va EXEi Kat vouow. ME To
TOAEVTO µ1µE[Tat anAW<; TT] <pUOT], µE TO VOUOTO 61aA£va Tl ea µ1µT]eEi»!
ewc56af)<; nEl1Eyp[Vf]<;, KuptpKOTIKf) EAEUeEpOTUTr[a, 3.11.2013
B. J\oyoTEX'flK6 KEiµEvo
Ta rro11jµaTa O'TO 6p6µo
. 0 NfKo<; Xoulltapa<; rjrnv 'EMT]vac; (wypa<po<;, auyypa<pta<; Kat rpayouc5orro16<;. Xrrouc5aaE
YAUTTTIKtJ Kat OKTJVOypa<pfa amv AVWTCtTTJ LXOAtJ KaMJV TExvwv, aMa rrap6AAT]AQ µE TTJV
(wypa<ptKtJ aaxoAt?eTJKE µE TTJV lloyorExvfa Kat ro rpayouc51. 'EypmfJE rroffJOTJ, c5tT]yrjµara Kat
µue1aroprjµarn, EVW iypmfJE ar{)(ou<; Kat auvieEaE µ£Awc5fE<;. na ro rroffJµa rrou aKolloueEffJ
nTJVEAOTTT] LlfyKa OTO A<ptEpwµa yta TOV TTOITJTtJ arov XapTTJ (Arrpfllto<; 2019) AEEI: «MtAWVTa<;
yta TT0trjµara µtACtEI yta avepwrrou<;. Aurou<; TTOU TOU rrrjyatvav. Oµw<; OXI µ6vo yt aurou<;
QAAQ KQI yta TOV EQUTO TOU.»
272 NEOEAAfJVIK~ fA.waaa Kai l\oyoTEXVia - B' l\uKEiou

M' ap£oouv la no1~µma nou (ou~o 6p6µo, t~w an' 10 ~1~i\ia: au1a nou lOup10u-
pi(ouv 011<; ywv1tc; Kt 6i\o Kanvi(ouv oav cpouyapa· nou ava~oo~~vouv, µEe; on1 vuxm,
oav Xp101ouyEvv1anKa i\aµnaKta -6x1 au1a nou Kptµov101 01a otv1pa 11"\<; y1op1~c;, 0111
8ai\nwp~ lWV OWµmiWV, ai\i\6 EKEiVa nou lOVi(OUVE 11"\V Epl"\µia lWV ocpaxni>V Oll<; µw~
~11pivE<; lWV OUVOLKlaKWV KpEOnWAEiwv.

Ta oaKmEµtva ~at 10 µovax1Ka, µ' aptoouv: la no1~µma-Konpi1Ec; nou nEpnmouv

Kou10aivov10c; 011c; 0Ko1E1vtc; aKpEc; lWV i\Ewcp6pwv: au1a nou l' ayvoouv 01 Kp111Koi
Kl 01 EKnatOEUllKOi lOU Mwpa'i'TI"\' nou lcl XlUnouv OUXVO Ol µE8UOµEVOL 001"\VOl Kat Ta
acp~vouv a~o~81110 010 6p6µo. Km la no1~µma-natMK1a, 6µwc; ayanw· au16 nou EVW
6Ev txouv µa8E1 aK6µ11111v ai\cpa~1110, µnopouv Ev10u101c;, µE ouo i\E~ac; 10uc;, va oou
Koi\i\~oouv 11"\V l!Jux~ 01ov loixo.
M' apEOOUV, nai\1, lQ anEi\moµtva Kl 6µwc; xaµoyEi\ao1a: lQ no1~µma-ouvtvoxo1·
EKEiva nou oou KAELVOUVE µE v611µa 10 µan. nou OEV oou mavouv 11"\V KOU~EVJ9v0EV
o' anaoxoi\ouv µa ouvEXi(ouvE 106p6µo10uc; a61acpopa: ld no1~µma-«6Ev np6KEttm
va oou (111~ow lino1E»· au1a nou xmpHouv µ6vo Kat cpEuyouv, 6nwc; µ' aptoouvE Km
l' ai\i\a, 10 xapouµEva, nou nponµouvE 10 nmxvi61a an' lO µa811µa Ka8wc; Kat lb. no1-
~µma-nannoU6Ec;, y1mi EVW yvwpi(OUVE KaAa lO µa1atO 11"\<; (w~<;, EVlOUlOL<; 8EAOUV
va 10 (~oouv.
6.Ev ayanw Ka86i\ou 10 not~µma-yEpov10K6pEc; nou ouyupi(ouv, 6i\11 µtpa; w6w-
µana µE lt<; i\E~Et<;, ou1E Kat 10 no1~µa10-10y1tp, 10 Ka8wonptna 6.Ev av1txw Kat la
l!JwvaKta: 10 no1~µcna µEla noi\M anomwn1111Ka ou1E Kat l' ai\i\a nou 8Ewpouv Til
cpuo11 µava louc; Kt 6i\o 11"\ voomi\youv xwµtva niow an'm ypaq>Eia.
r1xaivoµm au1a nou ovoµa(ov1m ouµ~oi\1Ka, la no1~µma µE µ~vuµa, 10 i\E~1Myva
Kat l' acpamKa· 1a no1~µma-KupiEc; µE ai\10xa1µEp. Ou1E Kat nc; ouv8£oac; ltc; µEyai\E<; .
ayanw: la no1~µma-MnEv Xoup, aurnuc; 10uc; AEKltKouc; xaµappouc; nou 'vat ypaµµtvot ·
Kupiwc; y1a 10uc; Kp111Kouc; Kt ac; nap101avouv 10uc; 1vo1poux10pEc; nou Ev61acp£povrn1
y1a lO Kai\610u K6oµou.
An6111v ai\i\11 OEV µnopw Kat la OIOlQKllKO: lQ no1~µma-oav1ai\1a µE Kai\1061<1 ·•
OUlE Kat la not~µma-01pm1w11K6 aµn£xwvo Kat 6~8EV TOE rKE~apa, µrn11µtp1 <ml
«/\uK6~puo11».

6.Ev µou ap£oouv la oocpa nou 'vat ypaµµ£va an6 vfouc; ou1E Kat 10 veav1Ka nou m
'xouv ypal!JEt y£po1. Mou yup!(ouv l' av1Epa 10 6~8Ev 01Koi\oy1Ka, 10 EpwnKa-«Ka·iµ<lKI
µE noM 01p6m» Ka8wc; Kt EKEiva nou EKi\tnapouv 11"\ yvwµ1110u avayvwo111.
Ou1E Kat la 61Ka µou ayanw. M' apioouv µ6vo EKE!va nou µou avno1a811Kav: a
nou OEv KatacpEpa no1£ va ypal!Jw. rt' au16Kat10 no1~µma nou (ouvE t~w an'm ~1~ ·,
ayanw: EKE!va nou no1£ OE vo1ao111Kav av µou aptoouv. Au16 nou nEpnmouv acSt .r
cpopa, ·t~w 010 6p6µo, µEla x£pta one; lOEnE<; Kat µ' EXOUVE, ElOI Kl ai\i\1wc;, xrnµ€vo.

Arr6 TO KEiµEVO Ta 1TOt~µarn OTO op6µo TOU N[KOU XouA.1

(oriµoatEUµE.vo OTO 1TEpt00tK6 H /\E~f'/, TEUXO<; 147, LEnTE.µf3pric;-OrniJf3pric; 1
l\oyorexvia - B' /\uKEiou
lia: OUTcl rrou TOUpTOu-
~~vouv, µE<; OTr] VUXTO,
EVTpa Tr]<; ytopT~<;, OTll
rwv ocpaxn.l>v 011<; µw~
rrpiTE<; rrou rrEprrmouv
T' ayvoouv 01 KptTtK:oi
uoµEVOI OOllVOl Kat TO
; ayarrw· auTa rrou Evw
uo M~Et<; Touc;, va oou
rro1~µma-ouv€voxo1·
IUV Tr)V KOU~EVTO, OEV
~µma-«OEV rrpOKEITat
6rrwc; µ' apEaOUVE Kat
~µa Ka8wc; Kat -ta rrot-
~~c;, EVTOUTOt<;8EAOUV
:ouv, 6All µ€pa, mow-
ra !:::.Ev avTEXW Kana
!Ma rrou 8Ewpouv Tll
~[a.
p~vuµa, TO AE~tMyva
cruv8foac; Tl<; µEyclAE<;
KJ<; rrou 'vat ypaµµ€vot
E<; nou EVOtacp€povT01
f<IVTclAIO µE KOATOclKI
Ef3apa,µEOl")µEplOTI")
Kat TO VEOVIKcl rrou TO
~TO EpWTIKcl-«Ka'iµc'lKI
a.vayvWOTI").
!I OVTIOT081")KOV:OUTcl
00\IE t~w an' TO ~t~Aia
Jiou nEprrmouv a61a-
1Kl OAAIW<;, XEOµEVO.
NfKoc; Xou}.1apac;
IDf.io rou NfKou Xou}.iapa
fl.$pf1<;-0KTCiJ{3pf1<; 1998)
273
0EMAA
A1. Na rrapouo160ETE OUVOITTIKcl, OE 60 - 80 AE~EI<;, TO 1TEplEX6µEVO TWV Tptwv rrpWTWV
rrapaypacpwv Tou KEtµEvou.
0EMAB
B1. Na rnaAl")8EuOETE ~ va 61atjJEuOETE ouµcpwva µE TO µri AoyoTEXVtK6 KEiµEvo Ttc;
rrapaKc'lTw 61amoTwoE1c; ypacpovTOc; 6irrAa OE K68E rrp6Taori Tl") M~ri I:woT6, av
ri rrp6Taori Eivat owOT~, ~ Tl") M~ri Aa8oc;, av ri rrp6Taori Eivat Aav8aoµtvri. Na
OtKatoAoy~oETE nc; arravT~OEt<; oac; µE arroorraoµma arr6 TO KE(µEvo.
1. H TEXVl"l oxETKETat µE Tl") (w~ OE K68E EKcpavori Tl")<;.
2. H ouv~8aa AEtTOupyEi 8rnKa OTl")V Ka8riµEp1v~ (w~ Tou av8pwrrou.
3. H rni6paori Tl")<; TEXVI")<; µ01a(E1 OE µEyclAO ~a8µ6 µE Tl")V rni6paori rrou OOKEl 0
EpWTO<; OTI") (w~ TOU av8pwrrqu.____ -~
4. H TEXVl"l rrpoocpEpEI OTOV av8pwrro Tl") OUVOTOTl")TO va rrapml")pEi Kat va EKTtµc'l
Tl<; µtKpE<; AEmoµEpEIE<; Tl")<; K081")µEptv~c; (w~c;.
5. 0 KOAAITEXVI")<; y1a va arro6woa OTOtXEia Tl")<; Ka8riµEp1v6Tl")TO<; xpaa(ETat va EXEi
TOOO IKOVOTl")TO 000 Kat at081")TIK~.
B2. Av 0 OKOrr6c; TOU ouyypacpfo OTl")V TEAEUTO(a rrapaypacpo TOU rrpWTOU KEtµEVOU
EiVat va EUat081")T01TOl~OEI TOV avayvwOTI") TOU yta Tl") oriµao(a Tl")<; TEXVI")<;, rrwc;
TO rnnuyxava; rm Tl")V arravTriori oac; va rrapmrip~oETE Ta oriµEia OTi~ric;, Ta
ox~µma Myou Kat TO priµm1Ka rrp6owrra rrou EmMyEt o ouyypacpfoc;. r1a va
TEKµl")plWOETE Tl")V arrc'lVTl")OI") oac; va avacp€pETE arr6 EVO rrapaoayµa arr6 TOU<;
rraparravw KElµEVIKOU<; OElKTE<; rrou UITOOTl")pi(ouv TOV OKOrr6 TOU ouyypacpfo.
83. «LlEv apKE{», AEEI o NT1vrEp6 yea rov KaAA.trE)(VI'/, wa EXEi raA.Evro, xpaa(ETat va EXEi Kat
yoqaro. ME TO TaAEVTO µtµEfrat aTTAciJ<; Tl'/ <pUOI'/, µE TO youaTO OlaAEyEI Tl 8a µtµl'/8E{».
0 ouyypd<pfoc; TOU npwwu KEtµEVOU avacpEpEI OUTOUOIO TO Myta TOU cptAOOO-
cpou NnvTEp6 yta TOV KOAAtTEXVl"l· fta no1ouc; Myouc;TO Kava; no1a np68EOI") TOU
E~UTil")pETEl µE OUTO TOV Tp6no;
84.a) <<'Orav, 6µwc;, ETT1{31{36aTl'/KE OTl'/V Kt{3WTO TOU, XWPta aTTO TO TTEpt{36AAOV TOU OTTWc; EfxE
auv,,efaEt va TO {3A.ETTEt, TOTE 01 86µvo1, ra DEvTpa, ra (wa, ra rroT6µ1a aTTEKTl'/Oav
6cacpoprnK6 v6,,µa». Na ~pEtTE To aouv6ETo ox~µa Tl")<; nEpt66ou Kat va amo-
Aoy~oiTE Tl") XP~OI") TOU (µI") AoyoTEXVtK6 KEiµEvo).
~) «HTE)(VI'/ 6EvErvat 6rrwc;oEpwrac;, 6rrou 6A.a E~oµo1wvovra1, 6rrou Kac 01 aaxl'/µ01 Kat
01 wpaf01 Kat 01 av(/µrropot Kat 01 ouvaTo{ Kat ot l/Jl'/AO{ Kat 01 KOVTof Kat 01 xovTpo{
Kat 01 AETTTO{ Kat 01 avTpEc; Kat 01 yuvafKEc; cpEpovrac va f31wvouv a6taKpfTwc; Tl'/V {Ota
EµTTEtp{a» (µri AOYOTEXVIKO KE(µEvo). Na EVTOTilOETE 6uo avacpoptKE<;npOTclOEI<; Kat
acpou Tl<; KaTOypatjJETE va npoo61op(oETE EclV ElVat ovoµmtKE<; ~ Emppl")µOTIKE<;.
274 NEOEAArJVIK~ rJiwaaa KQI l\oyOTEXVia - B' l\UKEiou

0EMAr

r1, '01\o TO AOVOTEXVIKO KEiµEVO EiVat 60µ11µtvo OTOV Ct~OVa Tl1<; avTiern11c;. nwc;
6111\wVETat 11 avTi0E011, nota EiVat Ta avTmetµEva µtp11 Kat no1a npoeET1K6T11Ta
TOU KEtµtvou 1Kavono1E(;
r2. LTO KEiµEv6 TOU 0 NiKoc; Xou/\1apac; (/\oyoTEXVlKO KEiµEvo) cS11/\wvE1 Tl1V anompo-
<Pri Tou y1a ouyKEKp1µtva Ei611 no111µaTwv cpwtoypacpi(ovmc; um xapaKT11p1m1Kc'.t
T11<; ouyxpov11c; noi11011c;. nwc; 6111\wvEt auTt; Tl1V anooTpocpt;; EvtonioTE µE T11
~ot;eEta KElµi::VlKWV OEIKTWV aVTLOTOlXa 011µEia TOU KEtµtvou. foµcpwvEiTE µE
T11V anoljJt; Tou y1a T11 ouyxpov11 /\oyoTEXVia; (150 - 200 /\E~ac;)

0EMAA

A1. A~lOTIOlWVTac; Tl<;lOEEc;, Tic; n/\11pocpopiEc;, Ta ETIIXElPtiµma TOU ouyypacpta TOU

µ11 /\oyoTEXVlKOU KElµtvou va ypaljJETE tva apepo 300 - 350 AE~EWV, TO onoio ea
611µ001EUOETE OTl1V Ecp11µEpi6a TOU OXOAEiou oac;. LE auT6 va avacpEpeE(TE OTl1
eto11 nou Kmtxa 11 TEXVl1oTo011µEp1v6 EM11v1K6 EKnat6EUTtK6 oum11µa, Kaewc;
Kat otouc; Tp6nouc; oum11µanKOTEPl1<; EVTa~tic; T11<; OTO EKTiatOEUTIKCt 6pwµEva.

· 0EMATA E::AIKHIHI ITO MH /\OrOTEXNIKO KEIMENO

1. 0 ouyypacptac; OTl1 0EUTEPl1. napaypacpo xp11mµono1Ei tva napc'.tcSE1yµa. Acpou TO

EVTOTiiOETE, va avacptpETE Tl ETIITUVXCtVEl µE Tl1V XPriOl1 TOU we; npoc; TO ETIIKOlVWVlaK6
anoTEAEOµa µE TOV avayvwOTl1 TOU KElµtvou.
2. Na EVTonioETE touc; µ11xav1oµouc; ouvoxt;c; µHa~u Twv napaypacpwv Tou KE1µtvou.
3. «H TEXV110EV Eivat 6nwc; Otpwmc;, 6nou 61\a E~oµo1wvovm1, 6nou Kat Ol aox11µot Kat
01 wpaio1 Kat 01 avt;µnopo1 Kat 01 6uvmoi Kat 01 lJJ11/\o( Kat 01 KOVToi Kat 01 xovTpoi
Kdt 01 AETITOL Kat Ol clVTpEc; Kat Ol yuva(KE<; cptpOVTal va ~lWVOUV a6taKp(Twc; T11V icSta
Eµnapia»: no10 oxr;µa Myot.i a~1ono1EiTat OTO ouyKEKptµtvo an6onaoµa. no10 TO
ucpo/\oy1K6 TOU anOTEAEOµa;
4. «H <wt; OE cS1660KETat. BtWVETat. T11v KaTa/\a~a(VEl KaVEi<; <wvmc; T11V»: no10 EiVat TO
ucpo/\oy1K6 anOTEAEOµa an6 T11V Em/\oyr; TOU µ1KponEp(o6ou Myou OTO ouyKEKpl-
µtvo an6onaoµa;
5. «0 KaAAlTEXVl1<; µE Ta tpya TOU OEV OIKOOOµEi tvav OlKO TOU, 6nwc; UTIOOTl1Pi<Hm,
K6oµo. Av ETOI ELXE TO npayµa, ea µac; µ11\ouOE aKma/\a~ionKa yta npayµma JTOU
KaVEi<; µac; OEV ea ti~EpE TIOU UTICtPXOUV, OTIOTE KaACt ea KCtvaµE, y1a Va µ11 XPOVOTpl-
~ouµE, va TOU yup(oouµE T11V TIACtTl1 acpt;voVTc'.tc; TOV t;ouxo va natOEUETat OTOV K6oµo
Tou. 'Ox1!»: Na Emo11µavETE OTOlXEia npocpop1K6T11mc; mo ouyKEKp1µtvo an6onaoµa.
11 l\oyoT£XVia - B' l\uK£iou 275

0EMATA E:::AIKHIHI. ITO AOfOTEXNIKO KEIMENO

ova Tile; avTiern11c;. nwc; 1o0EMA

I Kat nota npoeHtKOTllTa
1. Na ypaljJHE mo THpa.616 oac; TOuc; ap1eµouc; 1, 2, 3, 4, s an6 Tll oT~i\11AKat,6ini\a,
o) 011i\wva TllV anompo- Eva an6 m ypaµµma a, p, y, 6, £, CJTTllc; m~i\11c; B, nou oivEI Tll owoT~ avnmoix1011
vrac; ETOt xapaKT11p1m1Ka mov napaKaTw nivaKa, ouµcpwva µE TO v611µa TOU no1~µmoc;. :L11µE1wvETat 611 Eva
n-pocp~; EvTOnioTE µE Tll ypaµµa,an6 Tll OT~All Bea nEplOOEljJEl.
:aµEvou. :LuµcpwvEiTE µE
0 i\E~ac;) ITiiAri A ITiiAri B
1. Ta oaKmEµEva Kat m µovax1Ka a. m µaKpooKEi\~ acp11y11µm1Ka no1~µma

2. m no1~µma-«OEV np6KEtTat va
mm TOU ouyypacpta TOU OOU ~llT~OW TiTIOTE»
p. 11 EPWTIK~ noi11011
- 350 AE~EWV, TO onoio ea
3.m no1~µma-my1Ep y. av1610TEi\aa
1UT6 va avaq>EpeEiTE OTll
i0EuT1K6 oum11µa, Kaewc;
4. m no1~µma-MnEv Xoup 6. Kaewonprn10µ6c;
!1 EKTiatOEUTIKQ OpWµEva.
s. m EpWTIKCt-«Ka"iµaKt µE noi\(J
£. 11 ouµf3oi\1K~ noi11011
OKEIMENO mp6m»

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- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + ' -~
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6c; ~ µI")) Kat Ta 8ETEI ITTl")V
I") EKOOTOTE avayKI") (OUT~
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IOU µ11 6vTOc; tvav K6aµo
mo Kat a~1o:AoyEim1 µ6vo
waac; OTl'l AEITOUpyia Tl")c;
>yavo).
it opyavwva tvav auT6vo-
mK6T11Tac;, aK6µ11 Kat 6Tav
voµoTEAEIEc; rrou acpopouv
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K6 K6aµo. (... )
MO ITTOIXEiO avaµcaa OTl")V
:EKOl")AWVETat µE 01acpopE-
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~nou yvwpi(ouv), avTi8ETa
QI µia Kat OUT~, EXEi OTl")V
i.c;; txouv Kupoc; rrayK6aµ10,
w1 avayvwpiatµI"), 6rrou KL
IWT~ 'l µia Kat anavmxou
Etat 6nwc; 'l TEXVI"), cpuatKa
H yvwari Eivat an6KTl")µa,
1tr}c;yvwa11c;v' av~KEt:Aiyo
wftKEI OTOV Ka8tva.
&JiEUETat an6 QVTIKElµEVIKQ
IWAUTTAOKOTl1Ta Kat E~EtOi-
1}(;;. EVW I") ETIIITT~µI") KIVEiTat
J,tmi, anµwp11Ti axEMv, o
• OT)µtoupyia, aaxETa arr6
~mu OEV unapxa TQAEVTO,
i.i,µov1K6 rniTwyµa. 'A:A:Aw-
~ Myw Tl")c; rro:Auo1aataT11c;
rtxvri 277
npof3:A11µm1K~c; rrou avnµETwni(Et, TEiva va yiva tpyo oµa61K6 (Twv EpyaaTl")ptaKwv
EpEUVl")TWv), avTi8ETa µE Tl'lV TEXV!'l nou, rrapa T'l auvEpyaaia Ka:A:AtTEXVWv aw 01acpo-
pa «ateliers» Kat T'l 011µ1oupyia axo:Awv, Eivat Kat 8a µEiVEt tva auaTl")pa npoawmK6
Km6p8wµa.
AUTO EiVat clAAWOTE TO OTOIXElO nou KclVEI Ka8E tpyo TEXVl")c; va EiVat avrnava:A11mo
Kat µovaOtK61ravTi8ETa an6 Tl")V Emm11µov1K~ rrapaywy~ nou µnopEi EiTE va rnava:Aaµ-
f3avETat we; nE1paµm1K~ ano6EtKTIK~ Eµrrapia, EiTE va napouma(ETat aE no:Aun:A118~
avTiypacpa we; npo"i6v Tl")c; Ecpapµoaµtv11c; TEXVo:Aoyiac;. Xap11 aA:AwaTE m11v TEXVO:Aoyia
EiµaaTE OAOI a~µEpa KaTQVOAWTEc; ETIIOT~µ11c;, xwpic; va i<mtxouµE Ta ETIIOTl")µOVIKcl
µuanKa. Xap11 aTl")V TExvo:AoytK~ rrp6o6o EiµaaTE 6:Ao Kat mo EUKo:Aa Kmava:AwTtc;
TEXV!'l<; (µ1:Aw, yta napaoayµa, y1a Tic; KQAAITEXVIKE<; EKOOaEIC;, y1a Tl")V KUKAOcpop[a oi-
OKWV Kat clAAWV KOAAITEXVIKWV (31oµl")XOVIKWV npo'i6VTWV). OnwaO~TIOTE 'l XP~OI") Tl")c;
TExvo:Aoyiac; 6E a11µaiva 6Tt y1v6µaaTE Kat yvwaTE<; T!'lc; EntaT~µ11c; nou napaya T!'lV
TEXVo:Aoyia auT~. Na nouµE 6n, avTi8ETa an6 Tl")VTEXVI"), 'l EmaT~µ11 OEv EntOEXETat
EpaatTEXVIK~ yvwa11 Kat axta11. OrrwaO~TTOTE 'l µovTtpva KOIVWVia, OTI<; avrnTUyµtvE<;
OIKOVOµtKcl XWPEc;, EKAO'iKOTIOl!10E T!'lV ETIIOTl")µOVIK~ Kat T!'lV KOAAITEXVIK~ napaywy~
µE avanavTEXa avaµcaa TOuc; auvanavT~µma. (... )
EJ.Evri 0.UKaT(fj - Ap{3E71Ep, «noJ.maµ6c; Kat EAAfjVtaµ6c;.
npoaEyyfaEI(» (aTTOOTT<iOµarn)
B. AoyoTEXVIK6 KEiµEvo
1
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0 naJiaµac; oro rrofflµa aur6 rrapouo16(E1 TflV Kafpta Oflµaofa rou rpayouo1ou Kat rwv
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TWV EBfµwv rouc;. ME or{)(ouc; {3p(OKOUV lTOPflYOPt6 yta TOV lTOVO TOU eavarou, µE ar{)(ouc;
nµouv Kat nc; xapE.c; rouc;.
01 aTixo1 'c; T!'lV nmpi6a µou EivE Ka8ap10 µt:A1,
An' T!'l<; Kap61ac; f3u(a[VOVTal TO av8oc; µuaTtKcl,
Mtaa 'c; TO vou cpui\6yovm1, 'aa' µtaa aE KUljJEAI"),
K' EivE aTo:Ai6ia Tl")<; xapac;, Tl")c; Mn11c; y1mp1Ka.
01 aTixo1 'c; Tl")V nmpi6a µou EivE Ka8ap10 µt:A1.
'Omv y:AEvTouµ' aKoupaam Tou yaµou Ttc; 11µtpEc;
K' h VU<p!'l atpVI") TO XWp6 'µnpoaTa KaµapWT~,
ME aTixouc; Tl")V natvEuouvE nap8tvEc; auµnE8EpEc;
Kat (WVTaVEU' 11 6pE~I Kat 0 xop6c; KpaTE[
'Oaw y:AEvTouµ' aKoupama Tou yaµou nc; 11µtpEc;.
Ot aTiXOl, 6mv 01 n:A11ytc; TOU xapou µac; :Aaf3wvouv,
l:E µupoA6y1' aKouovTat Kmaµaupa, f3apaa.
Ma(~ ~caxi(ouv Tl")V Kapo1a Kat T~VE f3a:Aaaµwvouv
Kat cptpvouv µna 66Kpua Kat Tl")V rrap11yop1a
 278 NEOEAAl']VIKrJ r>iwaaa KQI J\oyOTEXVia - B' J\UKEiou

Ot OTiXOl, OTOV Ol TIAl1YE<; TOU xapou µa<; AO~WVOUV.

K6.0' 6."i BaoiAl1 Kat XptoTOu, K6.0E Aaµnpr') Kat <l>wTO,
Hµ£pE<; y1a Ta onr')na µac; Euxwv Kat natxv101wv,
XEA16ov6.Kta Tl1<; xap6.c; µac; cpT6.vouv npwTO npwTO
Kat KEAa"i6ouv Ol OTiXOl µac; '<;TO XEiAl1 TWV nat61wv
K6.0' 6."i BaoiAl1 Kat XptoTou, K6.0E Aaµnpr') Kat <l>wTO.
Tou p1(1K6.p1 T 6."i r1avv1ou ytopTr') 'oav ~11µEpwo11
1

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Kat Ka0Eµt6.c; Tl1 µoipa T11<; 0ap0r') va cpavEpwo11
2:T1x6.K1 n6TE oA6yAuKo Kat n6TE ayKa0Ep6,
Tou p1(1K6.p1 T 6."i ftavv1ou y1opTr') 'oav ~11µEpwo11.
1

'OTOV 11 K6p' EiVE OKU<pTr') '<; TOV apyaAEt6 'µnpooT6.,

Kat 11 oal'ra E~acpva '<;TO XEPIO Tl1<; ~apaiv11,
Ot OTiXOl an6 TO XEiAl1 T11<; TIETOUV Tpayou6toT6.
Kat A11oµov1ET o n6voc; Tl1<; K' 11 K6p11 ~anooTaivEt
1

'OTav 6ouAEU11 oA60KucpT11 'c; TOV apyaAEt6 'µnpooT6..

- foe; ayanw K' txw an6 oac; µta 66~a va (11Tr')ow,
0 0Tixo1, nou a116ov6AaA01 cpwAt6.(ET' EOw n£pa·
EMTE va µE µ6.0ETE va oac; ~aoTw TO ioo
En6.vw '<;Ta 6poo6xopTO µE µta KaAr') <pAoy£pa!
l:ac; ayanw K' txw an6 oac; µta M~a va (11Tr')ow!
Kwan} na>iaµa, «Ta Tpayouti1a Tl']<; naTpftioc; µou»,
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A 1 • Na napoum6.oETE OE 90 nEpinou M~Et<; nc; 61acpop£c; av6.µrna OT11V TEXVl1 Kat

T11V EntOTr')µ11, 6nwc; QUTE<; Kmayp6.cpoVTal OTl<; napayp6.cpouc; 3-5 TOU µ11 Aoyo-
/ TEXVIKOU KEtµEVOU.

0EMAB

B1. l:E K6.0E µia an6 Tl<; 61munw0Et<; nou aKoAou0ouv va owoETE Tov xapaKT11p10µ6
«l:WOTO» r1 «A6.00Q>, av6.Aoya µE TO av ano6i6ouvTO v611µa TOU npWTOU KElµEVOU
OWOTO r1 ox1. Na OlTlOAOyr')oETE Tl1V an6.vT11or't oac; µE ouyKEKptµEV11 avacpop6.
OTO KEiµEVO.
1. H ouyypacpfoc; unooT11pi(E1 6Tt 11 TEXVl1 0Ev rn11pE6.(E1 Tl1 Amoupyia Tl1<; cpuo11c;.
2. H TEXV11 cS11µ1oupyEi n6.vTO µta vfo avTiAl1l!Jl1 Tl1<; npayµm1K6111Ta<;, aK6µ11Kt6Tav
xp11mµono1Ei r')611 yvwoT6. Kat OlKEia OTOlXEia via va Tl1V anOOWOEl.
3. H Kmav611011 EiTE T11<; TEXV11<; EiTE T11<; EntOTr')µ11c; anatTEi µ6pcpwo11 Kat yvwOEl<;.
11 Aoyorsxvia - B' J\uKsiou
pavou<'51a rf)c;narpf<'5oc; µou»,
!iKapavrwvf), EK<'56aEtC; Earfa
' r1 .a) Na EVTOrrionE ouo µnacpoptc;, µta rrapoµoiwo11 Kat µta av1i8ca11, Kat va E~11Y~­
~ ov6.µcaa o-rr1v 1txv11 Kat
picpouc; 3-5 IOU µ11 "A.oyo-
&i><JETE IOV xapaKrl1Pl0µ6
jjqµa IOU npWIOU KEtµtvou
IE ouyKEKp1µtv11 avacpopa
ilTfl "A.rnoupyia 111c; cpuo11c;.
PmtK01"l1TOc;, aK6µ11 Kl 61av
Div ano6woet.
mi µ6pcpwo11 Kat yvwoac;.
279
4. H 1txv11 Eivat avo1x1~ mov K6.8E c'.tvSpwno nou St"A.Et va npoonaS~oEt a"A.M ano-
1"EAEi µta an6"A.um npoowmK~ npoorrc'.t8Eta.
5. Mta f3amK~ 61acpopc'.t rrou EVTOni(Et 11 ouyypacpfoc; avc'.tµcaa 0111v 1txv11 Kat 111v
Emo1~µ11 arro1E"A.Ei 11 µova61K6111m 111c; 1txv11c; tvavn 111c; rnava"A.11m1K6111mc;
111c; Emo111µov1K~c; otaotKaoiac;.
82. Na ypc'.tlJJElE TOuc; Mo 6pouc; rrou ouyKpivov1at 0111v 1tmp111 rrapc'.typacpo (µ11
"A.oyoTEXVtK6 KEiµEvo). Km6mv, va 011µEtWOE1"E EKEivEc; nc; M~Etc;/cppc'.toac; 111c;
rrapaypc'.tcpou rrou "A.rnoupyouv we; av1i8nEc; one; rrapaKc'.t1w M~ac;/cpp6.oac; 111c;
iotac; rrapaypc'.tcpou: «rrEoio avo1x1~c; rrpootyy1011c;», «O Ka8tvac; o~µEpa µrropEi
va OOKtµaITTE( 0111v KaAAl"'fEXVlK~ 611µ1oupyia». «Epyo oµaOtK6». nou arrOOKOITE(
o ouv16Kr11c; µE 111v rrapc'.t8ca111wv avnStoEwv au1wv;
83. «Xap11clAAWO"'fE01"11V TEXVO"Aoyia Eiµao1"E 6"A.ot o~µEpa Kmava"A.w1tc; Emo1~µ11c;,
xwpic; va KmtxouµE m Emm11µov1Ka µuonKc'.t. Xap11 0111v 1Exvo"A.oy1K~ rrp6ooo
Eiµao1E 6"A.o Kat mo EUKOAa Kmava"A.w1tc; 1txv11c;»: nwc; Sa 1porrorro1ouomE 1"0
rraparravw arr6orraoµa, av foprnE va rr~owonE avnKEtµEvtK6 Kt anoomm-
orrm11µtvo ucpoc;;
84. H EMv11 fMKm(11-Apf3EMp Eivat Kma~1wµtv11 f3u(avnvoMyoc;-1010ptK6c; µE
µEyc'.t"A.o Emm11µov1K6 tpyo. notEc; y"A.womKtc; Em"A.oytc; 111c; 1tmp111c; rrapaypc'.tcpou
arroOEtKVUOUV 1"11V ulJJ11M YAWOOIK~ Kat EKcppaITTtK~ 111c; Kmc'.tpno11;
0EMAr
OE1"E rrwc; urr11pnouv TO v611µa 1ou rrot~µmoc; ("A.oyo1Exv1K6 KEiµEvo).
Pl Kc'.tSE 01pocp~ IOU rrot~µmoc; ("A.oyo1EXVtK6 KEiµEvo) K"A.Eiva µE ox~µa KUK"A.ou. LE
11 arrooKorrEi, Kmc'.t 111 yvwµ11 oac;, 11 om8Ep~ xp~o11 au10u TOU ox~µmoc; oE 6"A.o
TO rroi11µa;
r2. LIO rroi11µa IOU ("A.oyo1EXVtK6 KEiµEvo) o na"A.aµc'.tc; uµvEi 111v a~ia 111c; rroi11011c;
Kat TOU 1payouo1ou 0111v Ka811µEptv6111m 1ou 'EA"A.11va µE 1p6rro (wvmv6 Kat
napaomnK6. ME 111 f3o~Saa KEtµEvtKWV OEtKrwv rrEptypc'.tlJJ1E IOV 1p6rro µE 1ov
orroio -ouµcpwva µE 1ov 1101111~- au16 ouµf3aiva 61murrwo1E 111v rrpoowmK~
oac; c'.trrolJJ11 y1a IOV p6"A.o Kat 111vmu16111m 111c;1txv11c; 0111v rnox~ µac;. (150-200
"A.~~ac;)
0EMA4
/l 1. A~1ono1wvmc; 01"0lXEia arr6 1"0 KEiµEVO 111c; Ap[3EMp, OUV"'fclOOHE µla EntOTOM
rrpoc; TOV Yrroupy6 no"A.moµou, 0111v orroia avacptpca1E ma xapaKr11p1onKc'.t 111c;
yv~ma 1txv11c;. Km6rriv, TOU Emo11µaivE1E nc; rntmwoEtc; arr6 111v arrouoia 111c;
1txv11c; mo oxo"A.Eio, µE 016xo va TOv euato811rorro1~0HE, wo1E va Ev1crxu8Ei o
p6"A.oc; 111c; OE au16v 1ov Scaµ6 (300 - 350 M~Etc;)
280 NEOEAA1'7VIK{J rllwaaa KQI J\oyoTEXV{a - B' J\UKE{OU

0EMATA E::AIKHIHI ITO MH AOfOTEXNIKO KEIM ENO

1. Av 11 auyypacpfoc; ~9Ei\E va urrapxEl 11 auyKp1a11 µETa~u TEXV11<; Kai Emm~µ11c; aE Ka9E

rrapaypacpo, rrwc; ea 61aµ6pcpwvE T11V rrapaypacporroi11a~ TOU y1a va TO rrETUXEl;
2. Na Ema11µavETE TpEl<; yi\wamKE<; Emi\oytc; µEnc; orroiE<; 11 TpiT11 rrapaypacpoc; arroKTa
rrpocpoplKOTl1TO.
3~ Na EvTorriaETE nc; 6iap9pwnKE<; i\E~El<; rrou auvtxouv Tl1V Tpin1 rrapaypacpo, va 611-
i\waETE TOV AElTOUpy1K6 TOU<; p6i\o KOi va Tl<; OVTlKaTOOT~OETE µE 1a0MvaµE<;.
4. «E~µEpa rrou, rrEp1aa6TEpo arr6 ai\i\oTE, 11 TEXVl1 6Ev 6rnµEuETm... aE 6i\o Km mo
Ki\E1aT6 KuKi\wµa» (rrpoTEi\EuTOia rrapaypacpoc;): Na EvTorriaETE Mo 6iacpoprnKa
ax~µma i\6you OTO arr6arraaµa Km va axoi\1aaETE Tl1V i\E1Toupyia Tou<; aTO v611µa
KOi TO U<pO<; TOU KElµEVOU.

0EMATA E::AIKHIHI ITO AOfOTEXNIKO KEIMENO

1o0EMA

1. Na 611i\waETE µE µia auvTOµl1 avacpopa rro1a E16lKOTEp11 rrpoacpopa TWV aTiXWV

rrapouma(ETai arr6 TOV rro111T~ an<; aK6i\ou9E<; aTpocptc; Tou rrot~µmoc;: ·
211~~~~~~~~~~~~~
311~~-,-~~~~~~~~~~~
411~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
511~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
611~~~~~~~~~~~~~
2. nwc; avni\aµ~aVEaTE TO 1TEplEX6µEVO TWV OK6i\ou9wv mixwv; Na KaTaypaljJETE Tl<;
aKEljJEl<; aE µE auvTOµia (SO - 60 i\E~El<;).
«01 aTiXOl, 6TOV Ol 1TAl1YE<; TOU xapou µa<; i\a~WVOUV,
LE µupoi\6y1' OKOUOVTOl KOTaµaupa, ~apE!a.
Ma(~ ~rnxf(ouv T11V Kap61a Km T~VE ~ai\aaµwvouv
Km cptpvouv µE TO 66Kpua Km Tl1V rrap11yop1a».

2o0EMA

1. noia OTOlXEia urro6ElKVUOUV rrw<; TO rroi11µa auT6 EVTOOOETOl OT11V rrapacSomaK~

rroi11a11;
2. a) Na EVTOJTlOETE TO p11µaT1KO rrp6awrra TOU JTOl~µmoc; KOi va amoi\oy~aETE Tl1
XP~011 TOU<;.
~) LT11V KaTOAl1KTlK~ mpocp~ TOU JTOl~µmoc; 0 JTOll1T~<; rrpoawrroJTOlEi TOU<; mixouc;
T11<; rrmpi6a<; TOU. nw<; yiVETOl OVTlAl11TT~ OUT~ 117TPOOWJTOJTOil1011 KOi OE Tl OJTO-
OKOJTEi;