PRACTICE 2

I. CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER

1. The heart wall is built up of three layers of tissue: the __________, which is the outer
layer, the __________ or the cardiac muscle and the inner layer called the __________.
A. endocardium/ pericardium/ myocardium
B. myocardium/ endocardium/ pericardium
C. pericardium/ endocardium/ myocardium
D. pericardium/ myocardium/ endocardium
2. When a sensory message comes from the ear, the thalamus ensures __________ it
goes to the part of the temporal lobe that interprets what __________.
A. which is heard B. that / is heard
C. what/ heard D. that/ heard
3. The Sartorius is an S-shaped muscle ________ diagonally across each thigh.
A. extends B. that extend C. extending D. All are correct.
4. Patients with high blood sugar will _________ experience polyuria, they will become
_________ thirsty and hungry.
A. typical / increasingly B. typically/increasing
C. typical / increasing D. typically / increasingly
Bile is a greenish-brown alkaline liquid __________ which is secreted by the liver. It
carries away waste products formed by this organ and also helps to break down fats in
the small intestine for digestion.
A. is secreted B. which are secreted
C. are secreted D. which is secreted
5. The pituitary gland is sometimes __________ to as the ‘master gland’ as it produces
hormones __________ several other endocrine glands.
A. referred/ that controls B. refers/ controlling
C. referred/ controlling D. refers/ that control
6. The skin is the largest organ of the body. In humans, it accounts _____________
about twelve to fifteen percent _____________ total body weight and covers 1.5-2m2 of
surface area.
A. for / in B. by / of C. for / of D. of / for
7. Chronic pancreatitis may also lead to the development of ascites and cysts as well as
bile duct __________ (blockage of a bile duct).
A. develop B. destroy C. destruction D. development
8. The hypothalamus is ____________ just below the thalamus. Roughly the size of a
cherry, it is responsible for regulating body temperature, food and water intake, and
helps to control heart rate, blood pressure, breathing rate and digestion.
A. locate B. lie C. located D. situate

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9. It's not __________ if these symptoms are a continuation of the initial Covid-19
infection.

A. clear B. clearly C. unclear D. unclearly

10. Ostalgia means a pain associated with some abnormal condition in the
__________.
A. ear B. joint C. bone D. urethra
11. Fatigue is the most common symptom that appears to continue to __________ after
Covid-19 infection.
A. persist B. persisting C. persisted D. persists
12. The hormones are ________ directly into the bloodstream and travel elsewhere in
the body to target organs, upon ________ they act.
A. released/ that B. released/ which
C. releasing/ that D. release/ which
13. The body is __________ of four primary tissue types - epithelial tissue, connective
tissue, nerve tissue and muscle tissue. Each has its own unique features that
__________ it from the other tissues.
A. constructed/ distinguishes B. made/ distinguished
C. composed/ distinguish D. comprised/ distinguishing
14. Some common cardiopulmonary issues are __________ of breath, cough, and
chest pain.
A. short B. shortness C. shortly D. shorted
15. More __________ to sunlight increases the __________ of melanin, which is why
people get suntanned or freckled.
A. expose/ produce B. exposure/ products
C. expose/ productive D. exposure/ production
16. __________ with Covid-19 may also cause persistent symptoms of the disease.
A. re-infected B. re-infect C. re-infecting D. re-infection
17. In adult organisms, stem cells and progenitor cells __________ as a repair system
for the body, __________ adult tissues.
A. acting/ replenishes B. act/ replenishes
C. act/ replenishing D. that act/ replenishing
18. They have created an easy to remember __________ called ‘FOUR-P’ Method for
helping patients cope with fatigue.
A. device B. mnemonic C. language D. tool
19. There are 7 vertebrae in the __________ spine, 12 in the __________ spine, 5 in
the __________ spine, 5 fused vertebrae in the sacrum and 4 fused vertebrae in the
coccyx.
A. thoracic/ lumbar/ cervical B. cervical/ lumbar/ thoracic
C. cervical/ thoracic/ lumbar D. lumbar/ cervical/ thoracic
20. The periosteum is a thin, dense membrane __________ nerves and blood vessels
__________ the bone.

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 A. containing/ nourishing B. that contains/ which nourishes
C. contains/ that nourish D. containing/ nourish
II. FIND THE MISTAKE
1. Tendons are the strands of connective tissue that connect bones to muscles. Bones
are connected to one another with connective tissue is called ligaments.

2. Hypersecretion of glucocorticoid hormones leads to Cushing’s disease, caused

neither by an ACTH-secreting pituitary tumor or by a tumor of the adrenal cortex.

3. The epidermis is the outer region of the integument, the dermis is the second region
that is lying just below the epidermis and the third region is the hypodermis.

4. The paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body are known as paraplegia.
5. Collagen fibres give the skin strength, make it flexible and retaining water to
moisturize it, elastin fibres allow the skin to stretch and reticular fibres act like a net to
hold connective tissue together.

6. The Sartorius, the longest muscle in the human body, is an S-shaped muscle that
extending diagonally across each thigh.

7. There are 7 vertebrae in the cervical spine, 12 in the thorax spine, 5 in the lumbar
spine, 5 fused vertebrae in the sacrum and 4 fused vertebrae in the coccyx.

8. The masseter muscles are powerful muscles founded between the side of the mouth
and the ear.

9. DNA also acts to define one individual from another. All humans have a complete set
of genes with slight differences that make each person uniquely.

10. An abnormally increase in the forward curvature of the lower or lumbar spine is
known as lordosis.

III. GAP FILLING

Without muscle, humans could not live. The primary job of muscle is 1. _______ the
bones of the skeleton, but muscles also enable the heart 2. _______ and constitute the
walls of other important hollow organs.
Skeletal muscle:
This type of muscle creates movement in the body. There are more than 600 skeletal
muscles, and they 3. _______ about 40 percent of a person’s body weight. When the
nervous system signals the muscle to contract, groups of muscles work together to move
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the skeleton. These signals and movements are nearly 4. _______, yet they do require
conscious effort. However, humans do not need to concentrate 5. _______ individual
muscles when moving.
Cardiac muscle:
Cardiac muscle is involuntary muscle. This type makes up the walls of the heart and
creates the steady, rhythmic pulsing 6. _______ blood through the body from signals from
the brain. This muscle type also creates the electrical impulses 7. _______ the heart’s
contractions, but hormones and stimuli from the nervous system can also affect these
impulses, such as when your heart rate increases when you’re scared.
Smooth muscle:
Smooth muscle makes up the walls of hollow organs, respiratory passageways, and blood
vessels. Its wavelike movements propel things through the bodily system, such as food
through your stomach or urine through your bladder. Like cardiac muscle, smooth muscle
is involuntary and also contracts in 8. _______ to stimuli and nerve impulses.
Muscle movement happens when neurological signals produce electrical changes in
muscle cells. During this process, calcium 9. _______ into the cells and brings about a
short muscle twitch. Problems with the junction between the cells — called a synapse —
can lead to neuromuscular diseases.
Muscle pain is a common issue that can signal numerous problems, even if it’s something
as simple as overuse. Some muscular disorders and conditions 10. _______ muscles
include:
• Muscle pain
• Sprains and strains
• Bruising
• Cramping
• Myopathy
• Muscular dystrophy
• Parkinson’s disease
• Fibromyalgia
• Multiple sclerosis
Proper nutrition and exercise is important to keeping all muscles healthy, whether they
are cardiac, smooth, or skeletal.
1 A to move B move C moving D moves
2 A beat B beating C to beat D beats
3 A make with B make from C make of D make up
4 A voluntary B voluntarily C involuntary D involuntarily
5 A in B on C with D to
6 A that is pumped B that pumps C that pumping D pumps
7 A produces B that produces C that produce D produce

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8 A response B respond C responding D responses
9 A releasing B releases C is releasing D is released
10 A affect B affects C that affect D that affects
IV. LISTENING COMPREHENSION
Listen to part of a lecture in a biology class and choose the best answer for each question.
The professor is talking about cardiac muscle.
29. How does the professor develop the topic of cardiac muscle?
A. By describing evolutionary changes in cardiac muscle
B. By classifying the types of muscle in the body
C. By explaining what happens if the heart stops beating
D. By comparing cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle
30. Why does the professor say this?
A. To introduce the topic of cardiac muscle
B. To find out how much the students already know
C. To tell the students what will be on the next test
D. To point out a question that has no clear answer
31. Why does the professor say this?
A. To correct one of her previous statements
B. To make sure the students are paying attention
C. To review material the class has already studied
D. To give the students time to write down what she says
32. Based on the information in the lecture, indicate whether each sentence below
describes skeletal muscle or cardiac muscle.

Skeletal Cardiac
muscle muscle

(a) These muscles are connected to the bones, which move

when the muscles contract.

(b) When this type of muscle contracts, blood moves

throughout the body.

(c) To contract, this type of muscle must be stimulated by a

motor neuron.

(d) These muscle cells can generate electrical impulses without

input from the nervous system.

(e) This muscle cannot stop to rest without serious

consequences for the body.

33. What happens when an electrical impulse generated in one part of the heart
spreads to all the cardiac muscle cells?

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 A. The impulse spreads to the bones.
B. The cardiac muscles extend.
C. The heart beats faster.
D. The whole heart contracts.
34. Listen again to part of the lecture. Then answer the question.
What can be inferred about the contraction of cardiac muscle?
A. Cardiac muscle contracts automatically because it contains motor neurons.
B. The contraction depends on the action of sodium, calcium, and potassium.
C. The nervous system tells cardiac muscle cells when to contract.
D. Cardiac muscle cells will live for several weeks in a laboratory dish.