INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING

CHITWAN ENGINEERING CAMPUS

RAMPUR, CHITWAN

CASE STUDY REPORT ON

SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENCE

DESIGN STUDIO III

SUMITTED BY: SUBMITTED TO:

AAGYA GHIMIRE (CHI077BAR001) AR. SUDEEP SHARMA

AAKRITI KHADKA (CHI077BAR002) AR. DEEP PANDEY

AARATI SHARMA (CHI077BAR003) DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURE

PRAJJWAL POUDEL (CHI077BAR014)

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Table of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................... 3
2. LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................................................. 3
2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 3
2.1.1 Types of Residential Building ....................................................................................................... 3
2.2 Anthropometry ................................................................................................................................... 5
2.3 Orientation .......................................................................................................................................... 6
2.4 Lighting and ventilation ...................................................................................................................... 7
2.5 Entrance .............................................................................................................................................. 7
Gate ....................................................................................................................................................... 7
Door ...................................................................................................................................................... 8
2.6 Room Division and Functional Neutrality: .......................................................................................... 8
2.6.1 Bedroom ...................................................................................................................................... 9
2.6.2 Living room................................................................................................................................... 9
2.6.3 Utility room .................................................................................................................................. 9
2.6.4 Store room ................................................................................................................................. 10
2.6.5 Study room ................................................................................................................................. 10
2.6.6 Kitchen ....................................................................................................................................... 10
2.6.7 Bathroom ................................................................................................................................... 11
2.6.8 Corridors .................................................................................................................................... 12
2.6.9 Verandah .................................................................................................................................... 12
2.6.10 Parking Garage ......................................................................................................................... 12
2.7 Energy Efficiency ............................................................................................................................... 13
2.8 Latest Trend in Architectural Style of Residential Buildings ............................................................. 13
3. CASE STUDY............................................................................................................................................. 15
3.1 Basundhara House, Kathmandu ................................................................................................... 15
Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 15
Description .......................................................................................................................................... 15
3.2 Kailashnagar Residence..................................................................................................................... 17
Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 17
Description .......................................................................................................................................... 17
3.3 Khaireni Residence ............................................................................................................................ 19

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 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 19
Description .......................................................................................................................................... 20
Dimensions.......................................................................................................................................... 21
3.4 Enigma House ................................................................................................................................... 22
Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 22
Description .......................................................................................................................................... 23
References .................................................................................................................................................. 25

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 1. INTRODUCTION
This report represents a collaborative effort by the students of Chitwan Engineering College to
produce a comprehensive guidebook for designing learning spaces and is intended to serve as a
guide when considering the construction of single family residential building.

This review began by searching databases using relevant search terms. This produced a large
number of articles and PDF books, which were briefly considered for relevance and reduced to
a smaller number that could be read in full. Moreover, for studying the design and structures of
houses, we visited few houses nearby and gathered the required information. Our current
database of relevant material, now, contains more than 15 references.

2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction

Residential building includes all buildings intended for private occupancy whether on a permanent basis
or not. A single- family residence means a building designed to house a family in a single residential unit
that is not used for commercial or non-residential purposes. The single family consists of only two
generation.

2.1.1 Types of Residential Building

Individual houses or private dwellings
Individual houses or private dwellings are generally owned by members of a single family only. If
more than one family residing in that building then it is called as multiple family private
dwellings. Individual houses typically have greater privacy and space than other types of
residences, as well as private front and back yards. You are free to express yourself with any
style of home design because you do not share the land with anybody else.

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Lodging or Rooming houses
Lodging or rooming houses are multiple or group of buildings which come under one
management. In this case, Accommodation is provided for separately for different individuals on
temporary or permanent basis.

Dormitories
The dormitories building primarily accommodates a large number of people, such as boarding
school, college, high school, or university students. In some countries, such buildings have
several beds for large numbers of people.

Apartments
Apartments or flats are large buildings for residential. In which there are separate residences for
different families. At least three families can live independently in separate apartments.

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Hotels
The hotel is managed by private and different trusts through single management. The
hotel acts as a lodging house. This type of residential house mainly provides
accommodation on a temporary basis. This type of residential home includes inns,
hotels, etc.

2.2 Anthropometry

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2.3 Orientation
Orientation is how a building is positioned in relation to the sun’s paths in different seasons, as
well as to prevailing wind patterns. In passive design, it is also about how living and sleeping
areas are designed and positioned, either to take advantage of the sun and wind, or be
protected from their effects.

 The most frequently used rooms during the day are oriented in the East and the North
whereas the rooms that are used mostly at night are restricted to the South and the
West, which are hotter directions.
 Plan your house windows & doors in the East to allow the Sun’s UV rays to penetrate
into the house in the mornings.
 The orientation of kitchen should be towards the east to allow the UV rays to destroy
the germs that tend to multiply in the presence of moisture & food.
 The design of houses should be in such a way that all rooms get the maximum benefit of
the sunlight whether the occupants desire it or not.
 While deciding the building orientation, one must also take into consideration the
location of landscape feature in a plot, i.e. trees, planters, etc. which will affect the
Building depending on sun direction and sun path.
 Locate living areas on the north side of the home to take advantage of winter sun and
locate openings to capture cooling summer breezes, taking care to ensure proper
shading as well.
 Use smaller, well-shaded windows to increase cross-ventilation to the south, east and
west.
 Locate utility areas (laundries, bathrooms and garages) on the south or west side, where
possible.

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2.4 Lighting and ventilation
Lighting
Every habitable building which should have for the admission of air and light, one or more apertures
such as windows and fanlights, opening directly to the external air, of not less than
• One-tenth of the floor area excluding doors for dry hot climate.
• One-sixth of the floor area excluding doors for wet/hot climate.
No portion of a building’s room should be assumed as lighted if is more than 7.5m away from door or
window.

Ventilation
Similarly, Ventilation is the intentional introduction of outdoor air into a space. Ventilation is mainly
used to control indoor air quality by diluting and displacing indoor pollutants.
Types of ventilation
 Mechanical ventilation
 Natural ventilation
 Mixed-mode ventilation

2.5 Entrance
Gate
• The standard size of gate is suggested to 3m-4m i.e (10'-16')
• As per vastu, the orientation of main gate should be always to north-east, north, east or
west.

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Door
The width of a door depends on the intended use and types of room to be accessed. Minimum
clear width for walking through is 550 mm.
In residential buildings, the clear opening width of doors are:
• Single-leaf door
Door Width Height
Room doors Approx. 800 Minimum
mm 2100 mm
T/B doors Approx. 700 Better 2100-
mm 2250 mm

2.6 Room Division and Functional Neutrality:

The consequence of the individualization of lifestyles could be customized layouts with
differentiated and often luxurious room division, but it could also be a functionally neutral
division of space with qualitatively similar rooms suitable for flexible use by families, flat
sharers, 'multi-generation living' groups or living and working models.

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2.6.1 Bedroom
The bedroom is one of those rooms at home where one expects to relax and get sound sleep.

Master Bedroom:
 It should be in the south-west corner of the home.
 The average size of a master bedroom is 14 x 16 feet.

Kid’s Bedroom:
 The west-facing room should be the children’s room while the door is east facing.
 Green, light blue, purple and yellow are ideal colours for a child’s bedroom.
 The average children's bedroom can be as small as 10 feet by 10 feet (100 square feet
or 9.29 square meters).

Guest room:

 East-facing rooms should be guest rooms.

 The location of the guest room should be next to the drawings room. The guest room
should be well sunlight and ventilated.
 The standard size of the guest room is 3000mm (10ft) X 3600mm (12ft).
 The door should either be in the north, west, or east side of the walls.

2.6.2 Living room

 Drawing room or living room is a common, comfortable and attractive place for sitting
of family members and to receive friends and guests.
 The living room should be in the east or in the north part of the house.
 Furniture should not be circular, triangular, egg-shaped, hexagonal or any other odd
shape. It should be square or rectangular. Circular or odd-shaped furniture is believed to
bring confusion into life.
 The vastu colours for the walls and the floor tiles are white, yellow, cream or green.
Black and blue should be avoided in the living room
 The standard size of a drawing room is usually 4200mm (14ft) X 4800mm (16ft) to
5400mm (18ft) X 7200mm (24ft).

2.6.3 Utility room

Utility room are mostly located near the kitchen.It is located in the north east part of the
house.
Washing machine and dryer, laundry tray, ironing board, standing or hanging bar are included
in utility room.
The standard size of utility room is 35 sq feet.

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2.6.4 Store room
The store room should be placed in the north-western or southwest corner of the home
The store room should be located close to the kitchen. An adequate number of shelves should
be provided in the store.
The standard size of room for different sized store rooms is as follows:
1. The LARGE standard size of store room: 3.65 x 4.26(15.55) to 12 x 14(168).
2. The MEDIUM standard size of store room: 2.44 x 3.05(7.42) to 8 x 10(80).
3. The SMALL standard size of store room: 1.52X1.83 (2.80) to 5 x 6 (30).

2.6.5 Study room

 The study room is a private space used for studying, reading, writing, working etc. So,
there is a need for privacy, quiet and peace. It should be well lit and airy and away from
noisy parts of the house.
 Light colors like blue, white, cream, light green are preferred in study room.
 Study rooms in house are preferred to be in west part of the house.
 Working desk should face north, east or north-east direction.
 Standard size of study room is 10ft*12ft.

2.6.6 Kitchen
 There is a suitable place for a kitchen in the rear NE corner of the residential building.
The kitchen should usually be connected to the dining room. It should have a suitable
approach to exit.
 Minimum Area for Kitchen should be 5 Sq.m.
 Minimum size of kitchen = Kitchen room width should not be less than 1.8 m. The
kitchen area can be made up of 4.5 square meters in case of a separate store. The floor area
of the kitchen which is also to be used as a connecting dining room should not be less than
7.5 square meters.
 Minimum height of the room: The minimum height of the kitchen should not be less
than 2.75 meters.
 If the location of the kitchen in a residential building should be such that
maximum sunlight comes in the morning hours.
 Adequate ventilation windows should be provided in the kitchen to prevent
smoke. Window space in the kitchen should be at least 15% of the floor area Should
be kept.
 The sink should be provided for washing tin in the kitchen and the kitchen should
provide a sufficient number of shelves. The kitchen is connected to the store room if
there is less space available in the residential building.
 The standard size of a kitchen room should usually be 2500mm (8ft) X 3900mm
(13ft) to 3000mm (10ft) X 3600mm (12ft).

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2.6.7 Bathroom
Bathroom should be oriented to north and provided with natural ventilation and lighting. In
bathroom surfaces must be easy to clean, floor must be slip-resistant.

Types of bathroom and dimensions

WC and basin: 1.15*1.65 2.1*1

WC with shower: 2*1.6

WC with washing machine: 2.15*1.6

WC with bathtub: 2*3

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2.6.8 Corridors
 Corridors form the neutral connection between the rooms in a house. Adjacent rooms
ofthen seems roomier next to a corridors, because of better arrangement of doors to
bedrooms and cupboards.
 Minimum corridor width should be at least 0.90m. A turning space of 1.50m x 1.50m
should be considered for wheelchair users.

2.6.9 Verandah
 The location for the veranda in the residential building is considered excellent south and
west. If the front of the building is on the east side it can also be on the east side as the
purpose of the verandah waiting room. This location separates the entrance area from the
building.
 The walls of the building should be shaded by daylight through the veranda. Therefore
the veranda should not be more than 2: 3 height above the width of the floor.

2.6.10 Parking Garage

Parking are provided as single or double car parks, free standing or attached to building. Roofed
over parking place are recommended to protect cars from weather.

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2.7 Energy Efficiency
Energy efficient building design involves constructing or upgrading buildings that are able to get
the most work out of the energy that is supplied to them by taking steps to reduce energy loss.
Energy efficient homes are less expensive to operate, more comfortable to live in, and more
environmentally friendly. Here are some ways to make a building energy efficient:

 Introducing indoor-outdoor space.

 For new buildings, architectural design can be altered to improve the efficiency of the
building, such as strategically designing window placement to better accommodate
heating or cooling needs.
 Weatherization of existing buildings, such as sealing sources of air leakage and
improving home insulation, can reduce energy waste.
 Usage of energy efficient light and fixture.

2.8 Latest Trend in Architectural Style of Residential Buildings

Green buildings
With the overall climatic situation at concern, the architects are contributing towards
caring for the environment by adopting new building technologies in combination with
the passive methods, to design sustainable structures. Green buildings are getting a
new look in terms of different strategies, such as a sustainable material palette, which
includes local materials, reducing transportation costs and energy consumption for the
same. One of the prominently known techniques, green roofs, the roofs with plantation
is to be considered as the trend-setting feature.

New material palette: Steel structures

One of the most efficient design materials, steel is to be seen in many upcoming
landmark structures. The material which is used as a combination material in
conventional Indian architecture is now set to take the limelight. With its properties of
efficiency and sustainability, steel is the new preferred material by many in the field of
architecture. With its speedy construction technology, it also stands out as a cost-
effective material.

Minimalism
Minimalism is about avoiding the unnecessary, it’s about simplicity, utility and elegance. It’s all
about “LESS IS MORE” in terms of embracing the most of fewer things True minimalist designs
need only particularly selected items and they make the most of them, thus enriching (and not
limiting) their features.

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Amenity spaces
With many townships having a set character to the major massing, the amenity spaces are
looked upon by the architects to experiment with architectural language. With the smart cities
project on the rise, many public spaces got the spotlight, as a remarkable impact of them was
seen in overall intangible development aspects of the cities. The designed as well as the
rectified public areas allowed people to interact and connect.

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3. CASE STUDY
3.1 Basundhara House, Kathmandu

Introduction
LOCATION: Basundhara, Kathmandu
OWNER: Nitu Bista Subedi
OWNER’S PROFESSION: NRN Businessman
ARCHITECT: BB Gurung
FAMILY TYPE: Nuclear family of 4 members
DATE OF CONSTRUCTION: 2011 AD
CLIMATE: Mild/ Temperate
TOPOGRAPHY: Steep Slope
ORIENTATION OF BUILDING: East Facing

Description
The entrance to the site is towards the East and the entry to the building also towards east. The
building is made in a steep slope with slope road to the east. It consists of a basement parking
accessible from the road.

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The planning is done by planting the positions of room according to the functions. The living
room is situated towards the south since southern areas encounter more sun rays and the less
used area like staircase and the store rooms are situated in the north.

Public space is easily accessible and Private spaces like bedrooms are comparatively less easily
accessible.

The east wall consists of a bay window intended for bringing in maximum sunlight. The internal
walls and floors are parquetted that helps with minimizing the penetration of cold.

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3.2 Kailashnagar Residence

Introduction

LOCATION: KAILASHNAGAR, CHITWAN

OWNER: LB CHHETRI
OWNER’S PROFESSION: WRITER, PROFESSOR
DATE OF CONSTRUCTION: 2040 BS
CLIMATE: SUBTROPICAL
TOPOGRAPHY: PLAIN LAND
ORIENTATION OF BUILDING: NORTH FACING

Description
The site is oriented towards north and the entrance in the building is also situated to the north.

The form of the building is derived from rectangle. Wall punctures and subtractions are made in cuboid
to accommodate the rooms for different spaces.

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The functional space in the house is separated as public, semi public and private space.

Site around the house is surrounded with tropical plants that serve multiple functions, aesthetic, to
provide shade and to produce pleasant, comfortable and healthy environment.

Privacy is properly maintained in the house but there seems lack of enough circulation space.

. Living room and kitchen receives morning sunlight and bedroom in ground floor receives sunlight
during day which is not considered good for hot climat .

The room in 1st floor receive less sunlight and the room remains cool.

There is a hall for 30-40 people in 1st floor of extended block of the house with access from inside
staircase which disturbs the privacy of the house.

Projection of balcony serves as a shading device for the windows.

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3.3 Khaireni Residence

Introduction
Owner’s Name: Bharat Pradhan

Owner’s Professional: Structural Engineer

Date of contruction: 2078 BS

Architect: Sheetal Karki

Climate: Subtropical

Topography: Flat land

Orientation of building: South Façade

Architectural Style: Modern Style- Concrete Structure

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Description

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• As the site is rectangular, the building shape is determined.

• The site near the jungle helps to create the microclimate around the site as the site located on the

subtropical region.

• There is existing building on the site which was school at the building and renovated to residential

building. The building is designed in a such way that the two building block proposed and existing

building can be connected in the future.

There is a single lane road access from East-West driven to the site and building.

As the site being rectangle, the form also being rectangle. The building is placed in rectangular grids and
space division is done accordingly. As the building main facade is in south, the bedrooms are kept at
north position.

Dimensions
Bedroom1 13’-1” × 12’-9”

Kitchen 14’-4” × 13’-6”

Store 5’×7’

Bathroom 8’ × 5’-6”

Bedroom2 13’× 12’-6”

Master Bedroom 14’-4” × 13’-6” + 5’-9”×7

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3.4 Enigma House

Introduction

LOCATION: Queretaro City, Mexico

OWNER: Kyle Mcc
OWNER’S PROFESSION: Business man
ARCHITECT: Jorge Salgado
FAMILY TYPE: Single family
DATE OF CONSTRUCTION: 2022
CLIMATE: Subtropical
TOPOGRAPHY: Plain
ORIENTATION OF BUILDING: South facing

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Description

Enigma’s facade assembles a small-sized house, which is discovered to be bigger as you

enter the same. A simple and noble architecture can be appreciated in the facade along
with a trichromatic conjugation of plain white, gray quarry, and wood. The terrain has the
peculiarity of being composed of a 6-meter front that opens 6 more meters on the opposite
side, with a depth of 19 meters.

The rectangular trapezoid shape of the terrain was advantaged by projecting a central
garden on the ground floor, which pretends to communicate the social zone and at the
same time divide the same from the private zone. Notably, the central garden creates cross-
ventilation, whose main function takes the form of a visual element due to its sculptural
nature. It was decided to arrange a room on the ground floor with the purpose of providing
the user with a dynamic space that could be occupied as an office, bedroom, or even a
game room.

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In the first level, an spatial distribution can be appreciated with two more bedrooms, which
receive a stellar view of the central garden, without leaving the privacy for each one.

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References

https://millmanland.com/knowledge/what-are-the-different-types-of-land-
zoning/#:~:text=Residential%20zoning%20includes%20single-
family,be%20built%20on%20specific%20properties.

https://www.moud.gov.np/storage/listies/July2019/NBC_206_2015_ARCHITECTURAL_DESIGN_REQUIR
EMENTS.pdf

https://www.architecturaldigest.in/content/vastu-shastra-25-tips-make-home-radiate-positive-energy/

https://www.archdaily.com/981148/enigma-house-mem-arquitectos?ad_medium=gallery

https://theconstructor.org/building/types-site-selection-residential-building/5995/

https://www.marincounty.org/-
/media/files/departments/cd/planning/currentplanning/publications/singlefamilydesignguidelines/sfrdg
_bos_finalguidelines.pdf

https://cms9files.revize.com/arcadia/Shape%20Arcadia/Development%20Services/design%20guideline
%20update/SFR_10-21-19.pdf

https://www.sanjoseca.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/15435/636681263974270000

https://www.academia.edu/41798641/iii_Time_Saver_Standards_for_Architectural_Design_Data_Time
_Saver_Standards_for_Architectural_Design_Data_seventh_edition_The_Reference_of_Architectural_F
undamentals

https://www.academia.edu/21246356/Ernst_Neufert_ARCHITECTS_DATA

https://www.rff.org/publications/explainers/energy-efficiency-101/

https://www.re-thinkingthefuture.com/rtf-fresh-perspectives/a3022-10-new-trends-in-architecture-for-
2021/

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