Class : 12 th

ELECTRIC FIED & CHARGES

1. 𝑄 = 𝑛𝑒 (e=1.6 X 10-19 C)
1 𝑞1 𝑞2
2. Coulmb’s Law 𝐹 = 4𝜋𝜀˳ . 2 ( k=
1
=9 x 109 Nm2C-2)
𝑟 4𝜋𝜀˳

𝐹 1 𝑞
3. Electric field 𝐸 = 𝑞 & 𝐸 = 4𝜋𝜀˳ . 𝑟 2
0
4. Continuous Charge Distirbution
𝑑𝑞
• Volume charge density 𝜌=𝑑𝑉
𝑑𝑞
• Surface charge density 𝜎 = 𝑑𝑆
𝑑𝑞
• Linear charge density 𝜆 = 𝑑𝐿
5. Dipole moment p = q x 2a
1 2𝑝
6. Dipole field at axial point Eaxial = 4𝜋𝜀˳ . 𝑟 3
1 𝑝
7. Diple field at equatorial pont Eequa = 4𝜋𝜀˳ . 𝑟 3
8. Torque τ = pE𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
9. Electric flux through a plane surface area S held in a
uniform electric field ΦE = E.S𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
10. Gauss’s Theorem, the total electric flux through a closed
𝑞
surface S enclosing charge q is 𝛷E = ∮𝑠 𝐸. 𝑑𝑆 =
𝜀0
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐹𝑙𝑢𝑥 ΦE
11. Flux density = =𝑆 (𝜀0 = 8.85 x 10-12 C2N-1m-2)
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎
𝜆
12. Electric field due to an infinitely long charged wire 𝐸 = 2𝜋𝜀
0𝑟
13. Electric field due to a uniformly charged plane infinite plane
𝜎
sheet 𝐸 = 2𝜀
0
14. Electric field of a thin spherical shell of charge density 𝜎 &
radius R,
1 𝑞
• For r>R (Outside points) 𝐸 = .
4𝜋𝜀˳ 𝑟 2
1 𝑞
• For r=R (At the surface) 𝐸 = 4𝜋𝜀˳ . 𝑅2
• For r<R (Inside points) 𝐸 = 0
❖ Here 𝑞 = 4𝜋𝑅2 𝜎

15. Electric field of a solid sphere of a uniform charge density 𝜌 &

radius R,
1 𝑞
• For r>R (Outside points) 𝐸 = .
4𝜋𝜀˳ 𝑟 2
1 𝑞
• For r=R (At the surface) 𝐸 = .
4𝜋𝜀˳ 𝑅2
1 𝑞𝑟
• For r<R (Inside points) 𝐸 = .
4𝜋𝜀˳ 𝑟 3
4𝜋𝑅 3 𝜌
❖ Here 𝑞 = 3