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  • Meskin - Мескин - История Рус. Лит. ХХ-ХХI Веков

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    Kamila Zborovjanova
    145 views164 pages
    This document summarizes literary groups and trends in the Soviet Union during the 1920s and 1930s. It discusses how in the 1920s, writers had more freedom and diversity of expression compared to later periods. Various literary journals and clubs formed that represented different political or aesthetic views. By the late 1920s, literature became more strictly controlled by the Communist Party, which sought to use culture to promote Marxist-Leninist ideology and the building of socialism. The Party took control of the writers' union and censored works that did not follow the approved social and political messages. This period marked the beginning of Soviet literature being shaped to conform to Party guidelines.

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    Meskin_ Мескин - История Рус. Лит. ХХ-ХХI Веков

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    This document summarizes literary groups and trends in the Soviet Union during the 1920s and 1930s. It discusses how in the 1920s, writers had more freedom and diversity of expression compared to later periods. Various literary journals and clubs formed that represented different political or aesthetic views. By the late 1920s, literature became more strictly controlled by the Communist Party, which sought to use culture to promote Marxist-Leninist ideology and the building of socialism. The Party took control of the writers' union and censored works that did not follow the approved social and political messages. This period marked the beginning of Soviet literature being shaped to conform to Party guidelines.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    145 views164 pages

    Meskin - Мескин - История Рус. Лит. ХХ-ХХI Веков

    Uploaded by

    Kamila Zborovjanova
    This document summarizes literary groups and trends in the Soviet Union during the 1920s and 1930s. It discusses how in the 1920s, writers had more freedom and diversity of expression compared to later periods. Various literary journals and clubs formed that represented different political or aesthetic views. By the late 1920s, literature became more strictly controlled by the Communist Party, which sought to use culture to promote Marxist-Leninist ideology and the building of socialism. The Party took control of the writers' union and censored works that did not follow the approved social and political messages. This period marked the beginning of Soviet literature being shaped to conform to Party guidelines.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 164

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    f naBa 2
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    nc(yccTBa B 3ToT nep{OA, OCO6eEHO B e.O nepBofi IIOJroBr-rHe, r,rMeJllt aocra-
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    Bann <ycTHr,re> QopMbr ,r,iTepaTypHofi xr]3Htr, flo3rr,r n nucaTerrrrj, fie DMea-
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    ryp6r <QlpefrHbrM>.
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    BoKpyr <OreqecrBeHEbrx 3arrucoK'> (1818-1884), <CoBpeMesnnKD (1B36_
    1866), o6:bearzHsnkcb earrxoMbrrrrreaunrc4. Harl6oaee tresecrane xvouarur
    ]43aaB:urr,r.! B Mo.KBe q flerporpaAe - rrerrfpax Jtrjrcparypllo o6r,reireen-
    Fort xlr3nrr. CaMbrMr.l aBropnrerEllMq 6brrn <Kpacras Eow> (1921-1g42),
    <HoBb t.\rup> (1925), <Ha rocry> (1923-1925) r <,Ha mreparyplroM nocry>
    (1926-1932), <J'IEOr (1923-1925)u <HoBHh JIEA> 0927 1928), <Ie.rtrb
    E peBorl@qqa> (1921-1930), <Ilpoxercrop> (1923-1935), <<CE6l,Ipc(I_re on{rr>
    (Hononurolaeacx, n nacr. Bp. HoBocq6upcr, 1922). B 1923 r.6sr.n soeo6-
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    Pa3B[Tre nocrepeBonro![oEEoro llcKyccrBa onpeAerrn rpaAr, lt4oHE]tfi
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    68
    {peaJlfi3lt _ Moaepfltr3M>, <.,4o(y,\feHTa.rbHocTb rrcuxoJlorrn3ilr>, <nepBuq-
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    lt Trrpaxr.
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    rpa,rKAa8crcoir BoiiEbr, norrru He BMerr[rBarac! B rnreparypHHii npoqecc,
    Ho x 1925 r. rrr.rreparypHafi 6opr6a npao6pera Qopror 6ops6H xaacconoii,
    ' cjloxnJlct AorMarr4.recKfiit [oAxoA It nureparype. Ta(ofi noAxoA craBrJI mlac-
    : coBoe B6rue o6qeqeroBeqeckoro, !,raeololltqec(oe Bsrure gcTernr{ec(oro; oTpr4-
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    .: ee ryMarrlrcrr,rqecKrri:i llaooc, B 1923 r, naqa,{acb aficKyccHr o naprufiHonr
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    lIK PKII (6) <O flonurhuKe napmuu s o6nacmu ryaottecrneelt?rofr nume-
    pamgpbl> (1925). flaprne B3rra pyKoBoAcrBo rrureparypoiA Ha ce6r, flocra-
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    14. Vrrlrna, B. Casnoea, M. Creraona, M, foroltoro, noc-r"""rr""n
    ,pya",
    rrpllBercrBueM HoBoiro Mupa oHl4 c6r[xaorc, c [por:rer(yJ1lToBrlaMlr, I4x
    ponaHfh(a cBeJaHa c no3TH3au eii l,lpoBofi peBor rouxrl H repoxKH
    rpax4aH_
    cKolI ao/'rbl, JTo obtJ'Io oTpa}'eHrlev $!lDoBocoprr,tHe nepao,o Korrcolro]lb.
    c(oro [oRoreEur c ero 6e:or,nlanoi n nauanoi Bepofi B npeRpacHoe 6yayrqee
    Bo tpeK cypoao!1y qa.roauFvy, Onruuu,v rroaoAorra 3Byqh. B HaJBaHlrsx
    aoopn"\91^. -\aK narHer ah3Hb- (1924) A. 6oru!eH.Koro, <Oaproase cTa
    Lonu (1926) B. Caepooa. "lJJocce cnryrlac.ros tl930l H.nerrefiruesa.
    l.ovaHlr/xa ooea h noxoaoB fc vegToii o vupoBo; pesorouur) o.rruqaer
    noesrrn MHxafira ApkaAr,eBriqa CBernoBa (1903_i964)_ B 3EaMeHL.lroii aftn

    lfp"Haae" r 1926) KpacHoapyeeu. -6parar va xoxo,l- norh6aer pa!,2 .Bo. qtr


    ooir,r ' flcnaH.xoii aorocfHr: -t xaTy noxLtHlJ . norrej eoenar", v ro6 rerrn o
    B fpeHaae KpecrbrHaM oraarr>, Ero ru6e,rr, ocranact nesauevennofi
    /
    6oifuraMr.r. BC
    oTpsaa: raBEoe a./rr Efix - pesorrolr4oHHbrfi aoJlr, cr,rMBorroM KoToDoro ,BJlr_ Ba
    ercr necHs . t6,1o,rKo,, Ep ,1a4o aon"Th,Eo KoHua. Myxx\a, a"po" .rr"o- npc
    rBopeHr.rr <B pa3BeAKer (1927) Bne.rer <znocrpalrqa,s nraqera> Mep(ypnii. o6r
    B l(ptara,recKort c[Tyauuqj orBeprar co6ra3H cnacr]{c6, ori o6r,scnqer'cgofi cBo
    abroop oTBeTCTBeHHOCTI,Io nepea M'lporf: <KaK s BcTany nepea M]rpoM, pyr
    oH B3rntHeT Ha l\te .a. / Kar c\axy I rcovana py,7 9.o oexar
    / KaK
    l,_ ioa orn r? _, xIl'
    lvr, uBeTroa - 2B1Op pO\laHT/\ecrofr . KaxoBKr4' (1935\,oal(T qecK pa3
    claB.
    lrelirapoAnoii necHeii (Myalrrca Z. flynaercxoro). {el
    <roMaHTr(aMx nepBoro [pl.t36rBa> [a3lrBaror H. TuxoiroBa rz g, 6arpnq_
    (oro. Crasy HrrKonap CeiuerroBr.{y TuxoHoBy (1g96_1979) npunec,ru aac
    c6op_
    Hu(la <Oprc> (1922) n <Epam> (1922). O.reBnAHoe BrlurEr4e Ha [oara IIo:
    o(a3a.Ia
    rpynna Cepanrorotlt 6parbr .. s Kolopoii oF cocrorn. gro snqrH{e nporsk_ orl
    ,ocB B yrnyonaHHo\r ,rHfepe.e \ (bopr.e npo 3BeAeHus. Eue oadoji peE
    r l4xor'roBa obrJla BoJreBM noa3r4r H. fyi"[.rJTeBa. B rIeHTpe "-uKoroii,
    crrxoB H, Tuxo]roBa
    He l/4et, He oopal rr pa. a nocTyno\. noBp!eHr.le rppor. deaoMofo
    norfor,..
    rcpor r ,rxopoBa, , npa34HfiqHb,i, Boce,rui. 6p( FoBarbrit, / c uaDcudtleKall xoI
    xaxaoro fBoplrrb . 4cnbn braaer ce6s, .peo4oresaa cr qxrr. Ha"r orqee . .rra.{
    xecroKo, HoBoF co3aaFTca KpoBDro: <Mlp crpor,rrcg ro noao]ly vacura6y, fiep
    b qpoal{. B nbtrl ,ro4 DyLlKx y da6ar / Bo3Boa4y rru, orra_,nlrsa,t c,1a6s,x, /
    rr^onfirr^rpa! - 3aaerHbrx MBrc,lefi rpaA, (.'OroH6, BepeBXa. r(yj.4 lr ro rop /., qeB
    rrzt Jro.o3xaaHfie TpeoyeT Harprxe M, gre.r ca,r. xa"s" yqr I cFpoc
    --:- '.
    ! yp6da A.Ia^cK, rcpo'
    A.
    o coBercKot no33n!. ,Il. :
    // yp6ak A. A. O6pa3 ee,oBexa _ o6!a3 BpeM€tsu: oseDx,
    XyroxecrBesHa, nareparypa, 1979.C.114,143.

    76
    rryxecTBy: <)KIi3H' J IfiIa Becron r,r BTHTOBKOj:i, / KpenKniu BeTDoM. flo n,,Ie-
    qa\r Yo/! . y .roBo oii x]1Fc- a.na s-peB{oit. Ll
    / r o6u., r a,r q"noxor,aorr,
    a roe-
    KlrM, /
    Ka( xere3ritre rBo3Ar, npocrbrrr> (<,flocuorpn na nenyxHl're AocKrr>,
    yexly 1917 l,t 1920). B 6a,1raaax c6opHliKa <Bparar co3aaercr o6pa3 Bonua,
    ItcnoJIHtIoIIetO AoJII qeHoii Hexlto!epHr,rx ycr.rar,rr? r.r CO6cueNnoi:i rn6e;ra.
    B npeAerbHo Bbrpa3trrenr,Hoii u ApaMarlt.rHort <,Bannaae o rBo3Asx> (MexAy
    19l,9 u 19221rolaHnftp.cno.o; ro roeoprron-r:6evnoi, crrepr/: -V qoro
    xesa,IeTx, 6par - / IIfi !rre, Mbr Ee nprqeilr Ha3aAr. Itoporrcqe, .qaKoflurrH6re
    !ppa3hr, alpoprcTltt{ecK:rr RoHrIoBKa aRtle}nr{pyrcT xecTKyro Jlorr.{Kv aoJ,rfa:

    tuMfipa46c(hryua n!ocryxanpaccBerl
    <n!!ka3 ncno'HeH. Cnacellbu tser,.

    fro3ar 6 re",rarb rs orllx jrnaeii


    -
    Kpence 6 se 6buo B MxDe rBo3aen.

    flo3rce TldoHoB oSparurcr K TeilraM He crorrr poi{aHTltqecK{M, r,r ero crr4xr'


    cIaHyT Mel{ee Bblpa3llTenlEbtltu,
    .Dlyapn lpuropreruv Farprrr{Ktrfi (A3ro6rH, 1895-1934) npe4crarmerr
    -
    .droxHopyccRoii> r'rrTeparypHoi rxKoJlbr, B paHEeM TBOpqecTBe oH nOAp&(aJr
    axrrerrcTaNr, q)yTypucTaM, 3armcTBoBar'r o6pa3rr y B, cxorra, P. Bepnca, ,ILo6n-
    !rbri fepofi 6alp',tuhoFo T nb yjeHrnnHrp.lb LllaDrr I. Koc epa. peeo, o-
    rl]flo EarpuqKrjii Bocnpr.rHrr (ar( crnxt{ro, fipeo6paxaio lyro 1''D. HeyBepe]rHbria
    B ce6e, 6ore3HeEHtlfi, oH cnacajrct B BSIrrduJreHHoM DoMaETrttecI(oM Mr,rDe,
    BdBro6fiorpa+ru-croyclr.rxolBope /,] [lpo,rcxoxnFrrrre.(l930l6arp,ttiui,
    npoTrBonocTaBrreT y6orsii 6brT rr rueqTy, npeBo3HocuT repog, oTBeprHyBlrero
    oobraeHHyro xri3Hb n oraeprEyrofo sTor)i )cr3Hbro: <- orBepxeHr$rfil Bo3brru
    cBoi:i cxap6 y6orHii, / lpo(rrfirbe a np€peHbel / yxoA ] / -[ no1{'lAalo cra-
    pyro KpoBarb. / yiilJr? /Vittyl /TeN nyuuel / Hanaesart>. B crlrxax 6arpr.rq-
    xr4ii pricyeT nprl.ryArrjBbui cTpacTEHfi irlip cK Tantqe!, rrTtrqeJloBoB, r{oprr(oB,
    pa-6ofiHryoB. 6po4rf - 8060/Hbrx tolej, flo,r c raeq- c!",ro"rl .r rex, xro
    He B raaax c aaKoEorri <iTaK 6ett r{e no xr4ra),| / KrjAaitcr B Kpaq, / be3Ao),rHM
    rrorroAocrbj / tpocrji Mor> (<<KoHrpa6aHlj.tcrlr>, 1927). 3ro <,MnD, orl(pu.rbrii
    Ha. e?^b6eu"H.rBJ Be pos". co3AapHbrii rpKkri/ . (bna!a84. ,
    tIo3T He nolltJl clacl,tTerbHoro ajlt cTpaEbI H3fla, BOCnpUHgn'"r.xpri"a"n.
    ero KaK oTRa3
    01 peBo!'rr'lqnoErrnrx fiaearoB, nepexr.rr TBopqecKr,rii Kpa3rc, B pra cTnxorBo_
    peHnii npoHu(nl] Mr.iHopHbte MorlrBbr: <flycrlrHHar Hac o(pyxaer nopa,
    / 3Ha-
    MeHa B rrex.rax ir 3apxaBerlr Tpy6bt,,.> (<<CTnxu o no3Te E poMaHT[Ke>, 1925),
    uaHo u3 car{rrrx rpxr]x poMaHTur(o-peBoJrroqtroHEr,rx corruHerluii L Earprq-
    (oro - <CMepr! nnoHepKn> (1932), 3ro rporarea;naa u repouqecKar 6ar-
    ,aaa, HanllcaHHa_s [oI BnerIaTIeEueM Id3BeCTlOtO nO9Ty Cr'I]4Iat: AeBoqKa-nrjo_
    HepKa, yMupaBrnar oT c(apr'raTuErr, oTKa3arac6 oT noc.,reaHero rlpfiqacTr,rr.
    STor nocrynoR aBTop accoqt-iupyer c r(eprBeHEbrMu noABrjraMri (pacHoaprrefi-
    qeB B rpaxaaEc(yo Bor.rHy:

    Hac !oAnna MonoAocrb

    Hac 6pocua rroaoaomr


    Ha Kporuranrc(rii rea.

    77
    6oeB6renouaAH
    yHocljrx qac,
    19
    Ha rrpoxoi nnouanx
    Y6uBanrr !ac.

    Ho B eoBn rop$relEoi cr]


    IIoaHiranucL br,
    Ho ua3a F$p'qre
    OrftprBa,r irbr.

    B03!!mti copyx{€crDo
    Bopoda c 6on!or! -
    Yxpen'qiicr, rryxecrBo,
    Cranblo n cBrsqoM,
    grl
    rlro6 3eror cypouu
    KpoB610 rcre(na,
    qro66J lonocrb HoBa,
    I43 (ocre B3orna...

    B 1920-e ff. ocrpar <6opb6a 3a NlaccoByro ayArrropjrlo rrxrarenefi> pa3Bopa- .9


    quBaeTct )Iexay aBytlt no9TaM[, npeacTaBtBllr!{illIt IIoqTj,l npoTllBonoj1oit(Hrle
    n€:
    corIfia"rlbHo-(yJr6TypHrte BeKToprr B <pe3oJlrolt!.jollHorf fione j(yJI!Typ6i] Ece_ rcr
    HI,IHbIM II MAAKOBCIOIM,
    Cepreii AneRcaHApoB[q EceHlIH (1895-1925) poanrc, n 4epelxe Kon, iIc
    cTaHT[HoBo Pr3aHcKoii ry6epnr.ur e xpecrlaHcRoii ceMbe, yqu,,rc.q B 3eMcKoM !-tI
    yrrr,rruue, B yq[TenlcKoii [rxone, B 1912 r. roHoua fipriexan B MocKBy, npl4_ -3r
    o6qll",rcr K rnreparypHort cpeAe u ckopo s Heii ocBol.rrcr, cran 3aBceraaraeM
    Jl[TepaTypHblx caIOHOB o6ol,rx cTor],rjl, [o3HaxolrunCx c A, 6aOxoM, o6pe,,r 4py- a!
    3eii a noKpoBurereii, ra(rix xal< C. fopoAerl(lzii, H. ICuoee. Caaly ououy Ece- L]
    lrrHy npr,rHecr[ BrpTyo3Hoe rryBcTBo 3ByKa, BnaaeHlre rIBeToBbn{[ npxe]raMr{, 401
    MrrKnii r.r 3aayileBHbrfi Jrr4pu3rr_ Pr3aHcKr,re nor,rs, Ilepeneclcfi u cena npeacTa_
    BaJrfl B no33r{fi ECeHUHa r,lAea.nu3rpoBaHHr,rlr iltuponopsaKoM (1!
    rr TanEcrBeFHbrMt <,BBrr(anct Ha o3epe Mbtii cBer 3ap!a,
    - KpacoqHlrrr
    / Ha 6opy co 3BoqaMu.
    nra.ryr Myxapu> (1910); <Kpaii ,'rrc6nrbrfil CepAuy cnarca / Cxr.rp4H coanqa
    B BOAaX rOHHbrX, / .q xoTe,l 6br 3aTeprTbcr / B 3enellax TBorlx cTo3BoHHbrx>
    (1914). Oco6yrc crzry no33ru Ceprer EceHxlia npuAaB:uro ueMffIee qyscrBo
    cocrpaAaHE Ko BceMy xr.rBoMy <IlecHb o co6aKe) (1915), <,,rlHclrrla> (1916)
    t4'1.4.
    B 1916 r. EceHEH 6bln npn3BaE ua OpoEr, cJ,rynszr caHrjrapoM B UapcKorr
    cejre, PeBoJrour.rrc EceHuH npuHr{,'r
    - Hoj no ero croBaM, <<c RpecTlrEc(t4M
    yxjroEoM'. OH Bcrynrtr'r B ntreparyptryrc rpymty <rjrraxuHqcroB>, Ilepeur{e_
    HOBbIBaT'I BiUeCTe C ToBapirUlarM'I,INtaxllHncTaiurj B cBolo rIecTS Moc(oBcKre
    yr'rHu5r, iracrpor'u,rpoBar no Poccnu, tr4vaxHHE3i{ (image
    - <,o6pa3>) _ n,Ie-
    reErre o6pa3oB. 6yiHa, r.i cMenaq o6pa3Hocrb cBoiicrBaEHa Ece;nHy 191B
    Eaqara 1920 r. OAEa(o gToMy npoH ([oBeHHoilry JlupfiRy, Bceil Iyu]ofi cBr-
    sannorty c celo'n, 6srao He no nyft c llr{axt-rHficrcKliiul,t rxaepavn
    KaK BaArir fa6prcreBnq lllepureHeBrq (1893-1842) ar[ Axaronrii Bopxco-
    -
    TaKI,iMx

    unv NlapreuroQ (1897-1962). Or{ 6rrn AaneK rl or r,Ix yp6an!4cru.{ecKti reM,


    1.1 oT Itx lzc(yccTBeEHo B3BtBqeHHbIX, (pllKr'I]lBblx ItHTOHaIlUri.

    78
    : lparu3M no33t1[ uceltl4r{a, uporBlrBrxrjrtcr Haqr4Eas co cT]4xoTBopeH[ii
    -
    1919 r. I{ Bnnorb ao npeacMeprHo]i nogMbr <rfepHbrii .renoBeK> (1925), 6bur
    EefoAAeJlbnlrM. ILOsT nepextrBM Trxe,leii nii ayueBnrrii (pr,r3!rcJ MeTa.rcr'
    se Haxo4'/nte6e vccfa.cwaHaa]u| l, 6yiictBOBaj. rpt .o.b(o B npO-
    'ler| HF
    crpaHcrBe <iPycr,r coBeTckoii>, Eo I,I npe6Brlar 3a py6exoM, ATorrv cnoco6cT;o,
    Bar-IU JIItqHlre rlpltqIlHbl: aII(oIoJ1u3M, 3anyTaHHtle oTllo eHI,IS C nIo6UM61IlU
    xelllqrHaMr. Ho rraBHar npfiqnHa lipi.r3uca EceHriEa Hoch,ra Ee nfiqH ii.
    a coqflaJlbHo-norr,1T]4qecKr,ri, xaparTep. 3ro rtr.ee:raercl npa paccMoTpeHrjrl
    3Borroqtu HacTpoeHnti B nocrepeBorlolrroEltor? eceHr.nc(oii noe3uu.
    CTrixorBopeErls n [o3Mbr Ceprer EcenuHa, Hanfica]rHbre B 1917-1918 rr..
    rax,re rar. <flo"o6paxeHxF (19 7) . TIhor r,s. I I9r8r. <J4op4aHcKa, . o,1y
    6ruD-(1918) - flpourRlryrbr Maxop]rbtrr naabocor{ Bcereucnoro nepeycrpo;-
    crBa. B Hnx iuEoro <Kocirr{qecRrlx> u <,6a6aeficnnx> MeraQopr; ;ep3Knx
    , 6oro6op.recxnx runaaoB. Ha.r&Har c 191g r. rouaarnocrr, ecun;n;*;;;-o*;;
    ' yeHteTcr: no.sBjTtloTcr MoTr,lBtr o6perrenEocT , HaaBHrarouefics r€TacTpoabbr,
    EBeTOBa9 rarfrla craHoBr.rTcr 6oree rer"rHoii. Iloer npe4uyscmyer rpa4yrqyo
    rx6erb pyccKoii AepeBHr. IloKa3are,'bEo Ha3Barjie oAHoro u3 crr{xorBoDeHlrri:
    .fl no( n.nHqii no.f 4ep"sHh' r tq20). Kfrcceso; o6p"l ror3,ry f.-HkH; .,,oro
    . rlepuoAa - [epcoH:DK crrixorBopeH r <Copo(oycD (1920), xepe6eHor., 6€_
    !-cnernE! rrBrTarrc lt4iicr o6orHaTr, napoBo3: <Mlrbrfi , Mn.rr,rt, cr{elrnofi Aypa-
    . -rei, / Hy (yAa oH, KyAa oE roErrrcr?
    / HeyxeJrb oH He 3Haer, qro xrrBlrx rcoHeii /
    flo6eanra cra,rr,nar KoHHr,rqa?> Tpar qecl(oii gKcnpeccreii npo rKHyra apaMa-
    , rrrecxa.s noor{a EceHuna <.Er,ro1r,aN IlyraveB] (1921),
    E uel.rrpe Koropofi Eaxo_
    . IITC' poMaHTn.lecKr,rii o6pa3 MyxuqRoro 6ynTapsj npeaaEHoro copaTrrllKaNr,t,
    B nocneAHr.ti:i nepl.roA rBopvecrla, 1923-1925 rr., EceHlrE orxoA]rr or ),toAep-
    ElrcTcKolt [o3TItKl.I, BHOBb CTaHOBITTC' nOOTO,\r-TpaatIlIIoHaJrxcToM, Ha rlepBllii
    lltaH B elo TBopgecTBe BblxoarT lfoTuBr,i Jllo6oBlloii JlI4Dl.IKt _ IlrlKJl CTuXOT-
    1, BopeH[i, flocB.sujeHflbrfi ABrycre MuK.rameBcKofi (1923), Arrr <Ilepcr_rAcKhe
    \to.t4Bt; (1921 .J925;, uocra,rur uvecrye MorHBt - rjoeva -An la aflerlha
    ' (1925). "TorAa xe no3T co3Aaer FeMar'ro lpeKpacEnx cruxorBopenlrii B xaHpe
    ul
    :rlrerfiri Ta(r]x, Kar( <UTiroBopuna ponla 3onora{> (1924)l
    ,a Orroloprna porra 3orora,
    6ep$oB6r\r, !ecenBrM r3btKori,
    14 xypaB,tr, neqar6no nlonerar,

    t Yx !e xarelrr 6o"rbnle H' o I(o\{.

    Kofo xajerb? Bea6 xaxAbti B rMDecroaEHr(


    Ilponaer, :aiiaer H snogr ocrasrirou.
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    C llqpornM ecrrrev HaA roay6rrrr npyaou.

    Cror,r oarr cpean paBsuHbr ronoii.


    3- A xylaBneil orlocur Berep B adb,
    S loroH ryrr o r]Hocrtr Becerofi,
    Ho HlreeroB nponeauev rrHe tsexarb.
    II4
    He xarb irre rer, pacrpeelH6rx tsanpacso,
    de xairb ayur cripefeBvro qBerb.
    B caAy roprr (ocrep pr6rHbr (pacHotr,
    Ho lr(oro Ee Moxer od co.perL.

    7S
    He o6rcprr pr6xHoBbre K[crx,
    he nPonaaer or xenrlr3nbr rpaua.
    I
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    Ta( q posrlo rpycrHHecrora.
    6tar
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    tr4 HOB(
    Crye6er rx Bce B onnH HeHyxHbrfi l{orr... trpol
    C(axrreraX... qro poqa 3onorat BCT
    OrroBoptrra NrrNN rsLrllorr.
    noEr
    B gtoii gnetfiE EacrpoeHur r'rupnqecKoro repor Eceur'rxa norrep(Hyrbr trt- 192
    roHaqfioHHoii ToqHocTtto, Brjpryo3noi:i <<lry3brKoii crxxa), MHoroKpaco.tHoi \IA:
    j-IE(
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    Byro>, <KpacHoti>, <<oT xenTrBrlbr>). ],L i
    B Hoq! c 27 Ha 28 Aerca6pr 1925 r. xrl3Hr, norra rparfiqecKH o6opBanac6 trpo
    B rocrll}IIjl-le <.AHUrerep>. B <cranllHcKxi:i nepEoA> TBopqecrBo EceErir{a 6buo
    GarrpenleHr$rM> (xorr !r He rorarbEo): no o(bnuuo3Hoi:i OoprryJlr,tpoBKe - <3a co6(
    yr anHhsccKtie ,ra.rpoerr,rq-, a ro cy[cclBy Ja to. ,]lo oHo 6ppclr,l10 6or'tb- aaH:
    pen'
    Hoi <<(pecrbrlHcKriii BonpoD. BnpotreMj 3To He Nreuraro rrojroAexcr,r rartrro yBre-
    Karr,cs eceHljllcK rrn crpo(aiufl. B nocrecra"]ruHcKHii nepnoA nor3lr EceHliHa IOE
    6rr.ra pea6nanrr'rpolaua. B 1960-1980-e rr. Cepreil EceHnE BxoAtzr B r-raHreoH -rel{
    <Tpex xJlaccHKoB pafiueii coBeTckoi rlo33!1l1> EapaBHe c <npeaTeqeil> Are(-
    t-e6:
    caHApor{ DJloKon r c BraallMr,ipoM MaEKoBcKl.lM, <r(aHoHfi3aur4r> rcoToporo
    npornJra ropa3Ao paHblre <iKaHoHn3aur.tu> BroKa u EceErjl{a ('t MeHee npo6ne-
    TPC
    \laTIIqHO, qeM <(alioHr13aqH,I> aByx ocTar-MIHx),
    <X(
    BraAirMrp BnaAxM[poBu.r MarRoBcrcull (1893-1930) ponutcx n rpysan-
    cKoM cer're EarAaAn, oE 6lu cuno aecnluero. B 1906 r, noc,rre crrep,u orqa
    Eofi
    ceMtt nepeexana B MocKBy, B nrTHaArIaTr{reTr{eM Bo3pacTe noApocroK BcTy-
    IIr4t B 6OIb[IeBICTC(yIO nOArIOJrbIlyrc OpraHn3aIIHIO, apeCTOAbIBaJlCt IIOJII,I- t19
    qnefi. B TropeNrHoit xaMepe oH Hat{an EEcaTb cTxxn, Or peBorroUroHHoii Aes-
    TeJlbHocTu MarKoBcKr{i:i rcxope orou:ea, nu6paB rryTb t{ctcyccTsa
    - xrlBorutcE
    !r nosrHh. B 19 12 t.. ., a abBapr.A.oo6ure", Bo qJJ./pr. foa h Bb xoakr B caer
    @yrypncrtr,recxnii Marr}ecr <Ilot4e4 Ha o614ecrkaefi o.nt! 6Kycg)>. l@l
    npriHrdraer aKTriBEoe yqacTue B cKaHlaJrbEbrx <QyTypHcTFrec(ux racTponrx>
    no Poccl{v, Bc(ope Maq(oBcKufi craHoBurcr <<3HaKoBoi:i Ourypoii>: 3afioMr,fia-
    IoTcr BsrcoKaE pocT rlo3Ta, ero noarrepKnyTo aep3rcre Brrc(a36rBaHrr, 3Haiue'
    Br4Tar xenTatr Ro(bra, B KoTopofi oH BlrcTynaeT c acTpaAbr, 3a EaflycICEofi 6pa-
    BaAoii r.r cTpeMreHlieNl 6pocuTb Bbr3oB <<o6nIecTBeHEoMy BKycy> tlporjrsAbrBar'ra
    l pa eAP a oa4noKofo l'lonoloro povar .4 da, Ja6porleyl ofo s Llyxlb ii u 6F( -
    norllalHbria ilIup 6o"1rlxoro ropoAa, AopeBorrrcqroBfloe TBopqec(oe HacneAEe
    MatKoBcxoro 06 l4pno: ono Bknroqaer c6opHrx crrrxoB <E> (1913), noeru-
    qecKylo rpareA!.rrc <BraAr.rNrr.lp MarKoBcKuii> (1913), nooMbr <,O6raKo B !rra-
    Haxr (1914), <.OrTerira-ro3Borro.rHH(> (1915), <BoiiEa n rrip> (1916), nupnry
    1914 1916 rr. C,loxlrnca crfirb <<pannero MasxoBcKoro>, ocnoBllriun qep-
    TaMr gTOrO CIUjr'l rBJrsrOTCr [pOTeCTHarr gMOqrOHarbHOCr6, 6oro6opqeCKr{i:i,
    aHTfi6ypxya3Hbrii x aHTryp6aEucrc(lri:i aaooc, nprzcrpacrne r< rr4nep6oJraru,
    pfiroprjrrecKllr o6parlleHrigM, HeonorH3ilrarf, 3K3oTfir{ecKrjrt prorrarl) rpy6oBa-
    Toii AoBepr.rTerbHoii riEToHarllin,

    80
    ll€pByro MlrpoByro Boi:iriy Mar(oBcrcrii npoBeJl B
    3alacHoii pore Boenno_
    aBToMooLLlMot ur(orbl lta Ao,rxHocrt{ qeprexHllKa, OIt
    nplt]I',,r Ee rorbKo
    o o"eo,rrouulo 1gt7 r.. tro ,4 .pedyBr-l\ o B o}r xe rory .
    fleepa,rr"ry rpr,rsb,
    ora,oc.qoBphpvlo. OKrq6pb(\yto Dcao,1tour lo. no^fJBqB ra,taH I qa.ry\6y
    ,toBoii B,'racrrj. B nocrepeBorroluoEEbre roabr
    Aerre,rbllocru Maqxorircoro
    npoe,(|l.rBHd:ar-0 BDpIlr oH nIurcr no.,\ry. 150000000 (t9t9
    t920).. be.v
    a cr rrrx Muc. cpa:-61 $q" r l9'8- I 92 i r, vro, o,,"". o pnqrr,o"r,"oli
    noAnr4c4 k rr,1 a lrorr Ho.( al hDliqpc^r n,ra.ar av _ ",u,"
    Orc,{a pOCTA . 1I g i 9
    ry-zrr rEII]arcLty,o (H Hc.2Vylo nO,/T.4BpyOr pont Bx.pa(_eD. rBop,re.t
    Ba
    MasKoB.r.o. o nBaaudr b x ro4oB cbtrpa,l/ ycrafoBKr rr{tepa-yp.ror,i
    tDvnnLl
    _'lL,r). AeqcrBoaJBurFii c I923 ro tgr8 r. Teopc xAra
    "lEOa u O DPlr(.
    6prrc.
    I uts-brroB. f1. .lyaa{ _ r onoB-troBar1fi r!e,o . .4cKy\
    c I Bd \aK
    I np,or,I3BoAc-rBa>, Magxorcu.ri:i oraa,r ce6l <no3Tliqec(oMy npo[3solIcTBeHHOMy
    xoxneriepy>: sna.rure,rb'ar qacrb ero [por,r3B"o*d
    f S'20_'; ...
    .
    cooorl xypHanucrcrcl,te orKrqKt4 fia akryarbHbre co6brrr,rr, Ilo3r ";;;rl;',
    ru4tner pr,roMo_
    :i11:'"
    *pio"j' rbr(,Pa3roBopcroBapr.rurer4,q-r/ U\r". rq29,. apyO-x, ii"
    pcrop-a)(l/(^bLy,{itiHc\riivoc-_..6po!ue;.. 1925). rr,,oreop"r.J,tn
    ToHbI Ha no"rLirllqecKlle, coqLIMbHlIe, r,Itjreparypnue
    d","e
    :. r.r 6rrroaue re"ur, ,riar^u-
    . -reHrr Anr AeTeii (<,rJTo TaKoe xopouro D t{To raxoe nloxo?>, 1925), B(nroqa_
    : ercs B co3Aarr{e <coBercRori pelrfiaiulD, Ilpupox4entlri,i J1ltprjr nepeaaivrsrraer
    . ceor, <craHoBrcb Ha rop,lo co6craeHnoi necHe', npeBpat{aerc,
    B <,OyHKur,ro-
    Eepa or noe3lrll>, O4nano e r_rcroprjrc pycc(oii IIoi3fiI,I
    MasroscKrjil aouer
    : npolr33e4eHrEnrr4, B (oToplrx He y6rjTa cTr.lxrj, rEp 3rra, K npxr{epy, rro3nrofi
    rX-oporrol> (1927), npor{3ureJrbrror?,,rlo6oBfiorti aupuxoil
    (1922), rl-<npo 3ro> (1923), crtxorBopenrnru - noevauu o,tho6:r,o,,
    <l1rjcr,rro Tarlrne .qr(oB]te,
    :::^Li 9-28) a. flr.r,vo roaapr.rurl Ko"iposy r,.r ftaoqxao.yu-.ro.1yjo6Bk"
    t ryro). JtfiDk 'lF\ ko- , e.. M2rKoacKoro ABoic Bct. Ho. lloJ I nol.ac rde I nFpr!
    . HaMtr r KaK ltcno]lrHcrriii, rpouor:racnlrfi rpr'6yn, r, ,cax pautulri, 6esaa4r{r-
    fl6ri, orKpHTBrii MEpy crpaAareq r.r cocrpaAarear, fioxa:arenen o6paa :rr.ror,r_
    qecKoro <r>J BrrrcTpoeHr$rii B er.o
    . <,nuTeparyp[oM 3aBeu]aEDlr> _ B <.IleDBoM
    ' Bcrynriel rr4> B rro3My <,Bo Bec6 roroo (1929_1930):
    Cnyuafire,
    roBaprqu nororr('r,

    ropraHa rnaBapr.
    -

    cepe3 nup'qecl{He ro\orK,J

    c xlDbrMr rolopr.
    _
    3 Kor,rryBncrreecKoe aare(6

    eal{ fi €ceHHo_eceHe!!uii trpoB{1136.


    Moil crnx aoiirer
    qepff xpe6rbr DekoB

    n@roB r{ npaB]trerlcr!.

    81
    Nlaaxoncruii ue cryqaino nporr,raonocrarn;rer ce6a <necexno-eceueHHoiuy
    npoBr,i f rr.rc'. Aopo, p lce,rH.ra M Mar .oecroro palrrr cr: E..H.rJl - . noc reA E
    flttii EoST AepeBHu>, Mar(oacKrrrt - rjtarrarail uHAycrprranbHoro crpoure,,t,- I
    c Bai F.eH l. 1"1prlJh. a MagKod( {'l-l npoio,lyalFrb on 49e.Kux ;paatluvtl
    ./Iouonocora r.r {epNasuta, B npoqultpoBaHHoM orpbrBxe 3aMernbr (nrot{eBlre
    oco6eriHocr11I1ogr],tKaB.MarKoBcxoro oparopcKr,reI,rHToIlaqrl]r(oOopMfi{-
    eMble Ha nl,Ic6i{e npn IIoMoI]{H <receH(!}), Bo,rbHo illeH.aloqueca B cr[THorI
    2
    noTor(e no3Txsecxot peqfi pr.tTMrlqecxre xoarr (B aaFHol{ oTpbrBKe noSr rerko
    [epexoar,rT or xopeaqecKofi Ka]tBbr K ,ivr6[qec(oi;i), Heorojlr3Mbr (<eceHeH_
    Hbrii , -noosxtqJ '.).
    flocne ru6erri EceHnEa Ma.axoscxrlii Eafllrcar craxorBopeHue <<CeDrco
    Ecerrh,r'" r 926) . nclerhaqhBarcuraii noeacN cce.rurirr.ro c rpoxr (..8
    Jfoil xr-h,r y\'/DaTrr rc oBo. . Ho q x,4r6. .onevno, "prr-r"r.
    re ros"ii>.14Ila.rave-
    cKori KoHqoBKoi - <B 3roii xr.I3ra / [oMeper6 He rpyAr{o, / CAerar! xn3Hb
    /
    3fiarMrerhHo rpyaHeir. oIlral{o 14 anpe,lr 1930 r. caM MarKoBcKHji coBep_
    rllr,lJl caMoy6rJrtcTBo. K sTOMy lOCTyn(y nOSTa np Berlo HaKOnJreHue pa3Hbrx
    npuqfiH coqaarbHo flonxrrrgecKoro, rl],rqHo-r'!1o6oBEoro b vrl1ljBtraya"nb:do-
    lcurororlrqecKoro xapa(Tepa, aaarxee <KyMyrrTrrBnbrii 3!boeKT'. B 1935 r.
    <<riernacHar BAoBa> Mar(oBcKoro Jfun'I FpuK nunleT Ilxcbivto BceNloryueMy
    14, Craaany c xalo6oii fla npeHe6pexeHte ( HacreArrc nogra. CTanr.rH orrclu-;
    KaeTcr pe3oJlroqrreii, B r{oTopori 3arsJtseT, lTo <MarKoBcrcHrl 6bir u ocTaeTcr.
    ryq[uM, TafiaHTruBeiiD]nM noSTOM EaIIIefi COBeTCl(Ofi 3nOXlI>. c 3rOrO AE'
    Har{arac! coBerc(at KaHo}l[3atius MatKoBc(oro, [MeBIraE I(ocBeEHoe orllo-
    IIIefiue IC JlnqHOCTu, I( TBOpr]eCTBy nOSTa ]l l1cKa3nBlllaq ero BocnpugTue.
    <CepeArHHbri:i nyr6> IIo orrionleHr,rlo I{ ilrrpoBo33peEr{gM EceHurra !l Mar-
    KoBcKoro 3aHulrar'l Hlrl(onall A?reRceeBsq 3a6onoqKfiil (1903-1958). B or,,rl,l-
    pF,t ta. oH 6hrl c oDoHHhKo\j
    'rl e oT Er "uhny.rpla4bHoto nnpeBopoTa \t-1pa,.
    B orrr.rqrle or MarKoBcKoro, oH He nporl,rBonocraDJlsn uHAycrpuo (ocHoii.
    npripole, 3a6orouktri:i flepeHocr.tJl rprAyqee peBonroq!{oHHoe npeo6paxeB!,le
    Ml.rpo3aaHrlr He Tojlb(o Ha coqlt2,]rbHyro clpepy, Ho r.r B npocTpaHcTBo nplfpoabl.
    nosr poAfificr B ceitbe arpoEorra, lt loHocr! oH npoBe,! B roDonr(e t
    ypxyv B cKoi fy6cpHhfi. B 1922 r.AercrBo 3a6orounrri cr"r crya"rrrorr I"nun- E
    rpaacr{oro neaarorlrqecKoro llHcruTyTa uNr. fepqeda, nepsax ny6:ru(artrjf ero
    crrjxoB norBnJlacb B 1926 r,, a B 1929 r. BbrrueJl B cBer c6opHtiK <Cron6qbr>, i
    nplttreloxuil BHaMaHHe He Toilb(o coBeTcKoti, Ho tl giullrpalrrcKoii I(Dl4TltKl.l, €
    B 1926 r.3a6orolK,rii.r:ln otr fl It h3 o.HoBareaeii,Ulr"pa,yonoi p)n-lr
    <O63P14y> - BMecre c Aanurrrront I{BasoBuqeM Xapncou (IOravesurr,
    1905 1942), ArerccanApoM I{BaHoBrrrreM BBeAeHcKTN (1904 1941). Hlri(o- (
    raeM f\{aKapoBH,re\r OrefiHHKoBbrM ( IB98 1937). oO6apxy;6 yqe1jl,rrr.,
    B MoAepHr,rcTc(o\1 naooce nepeycTpoicTBa Mripa: a6cypAficTbr XapMc lr BBe-
    "
    t
    IeHcr(riri npoTr4BonocTaBHr'rr.r 3loMy naoocy <6eccMncalrur,r oa*4y>, lracrep
    Tpafr{qecKoro rpoTecKa onefi HuI(oB noaBepr rcprlrEKe IIpuHrl]rll MopanrHo,
    cTtl, BCr(pbIB pa3pbrB Mexly sTtr(otri u pea"'IlEocT6lo, 3a6ororlKuii 6!rJ1 cal"rbtrl €
    <r1o3HTfirr'rbrM> I43 O63prlyloB, oaHa(o }I e]ry He 6naa .ryxaa <o6epryTcKa,
    ttpoHxr>, EanpaBJreHEas tra HecoBepuJeHcTBo rrenoBe.recKoro ycTpoiacTBa.
    C6opnux 3a6o;rouxoro <Cro;r6qu> nanopalra6orrrbrloro ropoaa (Jlenlrfl-
    rpaAa), yB[AeHHM <c rrj1cToro Jt'IcTa> rJra3aMlr pe6eHraa rrrr,1 npocToAvtrr-
    82
    . EOrO AUXapr. UoBeTcro.re rrTepaTypoBeabr yTBepxaarr4j qTo
    B <<cTo,r6qax>
    !o9T 3aneriarrreJr <rpnMaclt yxoArrrlero H3na>, AETuMeu{aHcrcrfi rpr.rruqu:u
    .
    - .felrcrBrirerbrlo nprcylrl HeKoropbrNt crrxorBopeHr,rrM <Cron6qoB>
    a(I{pacHa,
    r Easaplrr.r, <I4BarroBbr>, <Craar6a>, <Oorcrpoir). OqHaro,axotay
    Ne oc;pan;_
    E o B <CJon6qax> noBeprarcTcr u coq]lantEo FertTpanbE6re xcu3HeH[bre ;r{ry_
    I aquu F^-^^..-
    (<Oyr6or>, <6one3Hr>, <?lrpa B cEexKrr>). IloBceaHeBHa, ropoacR;
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    II <rTOq_
    I n6rx }reTorrEocTei:i>, ooopMreHa npocTefilrrM[ pa3]lepaMr, (npe[N;yuecTBeHHO
    , {eiHpexcronHbiM tM6oM) c npuMljrrjBHbrMrj r,r xe6pexnuvu pueNarr.|
    Ho Bor onArb apexa cea,rer,
    xoa n!€acraBn€Hlr cEoBa Eaqar:
    aBaroBeHb(Fe i,yxrra
    ceP6$Ho Dryrcq y uecra.
    Oax!,,repre pyKon aeBrcbeii,
    Ha uo3ryx MeArenlLr it lomer,
    ro (!ac!6rji uaplr s'nyc(aer,
    ro Blm - Hapr4Ebn:1 yna,qacr
    tr roBaprlry fla nreqn
    -
    roE(on HoxI{oIo Bcraer.
    Iloror oHtr, cverc6 omc'o,
    nomtT fiaBep! eArdo.racdo,
    ! rarr, o6Hr3ut{cb nay.aA,
    na rorcrorr lo3ryxe crorr,
    Osr.r AbrxaHberr y(penrrror
    AuotHoro rena paBHoBec6e,
    Eo !rep* Mfiforrrb neraror,
    ce6x no rosayxy pa:recr.
    <U!pxr,1928
    ' Ho y)Ke B cneAyrorqeii Kuure 3a6oror]Koro <,Cneurannue croa6q6r> (1931)
    ttpoEllqecl(oe ocTpaEeHlte coqlzyI{a cMeHreTcg
    '/IItp!]3tfoM, cBr3aHH!It{ c Mfipolrl
    trplrpoIbr, B paHneii noe3qu 3a6oroqKot.o xrrBoTrjr,re BL,IrJ1TATT roDa3no
    cuNr_
    naTltr{Hee JrrOAef:
    . c\{brcJrelHbfe ropoxaEe <CrO.{6qOe> RoCHog3irrrHlre nornJTrKlt, 6eC,
    o66rBaTerlr, cnelllHEre ypoAUbr, oaHako <rntlo RoH, npeKpacHeri
    ' r yrdlre$r (<Jh4uo (orr>, 1926). V6oraii vapox <Kpacniu DasapE;>
    .r.r^JvAt"'./-fi'.'.^..^

    cTpoTos Bpra Jltr droco6eH u3MeHrj:flc, I( ry.{uenly! Ho x[Ba, nplrpoaa


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    ,r;.; ;";;;;_
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    ( rvJ4), B nonvar .bp3)vH6ri Bo, ( /193i).
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    r I933). B noJve
    "neoces". tlvUJ,/'D||UJJc
    ,lopxecr Bo 3evnolen A-(lg2g 1930, coL,lajbHoe nFpaycrpoicrso !cpeBH/
    (voi, efirnBh3aUHs) cBr3b.Bae cr ^,osq1,Uv _ocao6oNaerrfia\t? Xl,Bo-Horo
    rrlrpz: B troi lorve vqaf 6a6oee" rpyay,/ y)Jnalo
    x r: ylon,] -\' no3Ta bbt,I],4cFpeHH \.. 6alrrpoea,lr n na rlaenx )por ,alKn_. Aep3,
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    i OAHAKO COBPEITEEHI,IKI{ YBUAEJ]I,I B HCM <KY.]IAIICOE fIYNJJIEH.E EAA I<OJIJICICT],IBI,I-
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    4, XapMc u A. Blerercrcrji, apecroBaHHbre B Ha.rare 1941 r., noru6,1!.r n 3arorol
    qetiI,I],I. |le MulroBar],t penpecc[li
    lt 3a6oaoqroro, B MapTe 1g3g r, olt nouan
    83
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    laroropyro 6ea ocrarxa Bnrcalacb ,rt]r3n! HapoAa u ero noora.


    1 fue6onee rparuvno croxlurac6 cyr66iMapmrl,t IrlBaHoBrrL,r IIBeraeBoil
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    HaArlaroro roAa / Bce norep'rjrli illbr, JrIo69; / OAuH orpa6neH BoJleto HapoAa, /
    [pyroii orpa6m cav ce6t..-> HyxHo 66tno o6nararb npo3opnlBocrblo I'I cMe-
    nocrr,ro,9106rr yxe rorAa noHtrb! ttro orpa6riBurui Apyr x - orpa6rir Ii ce6t
    Ilpr erov noer ne 6stn y6exreilHblrl nporlrBHIlxou troloii e:ractt't, len 6oree
    qro o a o6eulara npeo6paxeHl,Ie Mlrpa sa larlanax Ao6pa, cnpaBeAruBocl- ,
    Ho c(opo Bt'ItcHterct, t{ro paan 3aBTpauHero 'lop)KecrBa 3r]lx fiaetji ceroaHr
    yEuirToxaercr NlHofoe r.'3 Toro, qro obuo aoporo no3Ty, flpex^e Bcero - aoclo- ,

    IiHCTBO qeroBeqec(oii n[qHocTn. oco3HaHne 3Tofo B]jl3Bano lteaBycnlblcreE-


    Eyro r.r pe3Kyro xapa(Tepucrx(y Snox[: {BeK rroli, 3Bepb iuofi, > 14 exle: <MHe
    Ha uero 6pocaelcs BeK-Bo,'tKoaaB, / Ho He BoJrIr t no KpoBtl cBoeiit. Ta1c 3al(pe-
    nlteTcs pa3laa [o3Ta, <iltrll4Molo oT[IeneHqa>, co BpelleHe\f
    : B flepBde nopeBoJrloqrlotllrtle roabl Malaer]'ttrraNta neqa,'.alor, xort n He qacro
    Bbrrrearrar B 1922 r. KH ra crrdoB <Zrrslia> (c rar, - <cKop6b>) 3aKpennteT
    3a Hfii!1 cnaBy oaHoro x3 nepBblx notroB Poccrju, Oanaxo npoiiaer Her;Horo
    BpeMel .r, u flerrararb ero noqrfl flepecraHyr. B 1928 r. noqrE oAEoBpeiueEHo
    BbrxoasT Krlufa cruxorBopell4ii, I(H'rra [Po36I <,Err.rnercraq vapxo n c6opnux
    JrlreparypEo-fipfir[qecKl4x crareii <,O noaar'lu,> Ho c Ha'rana 1930-x rr. rrfi
    MattA-roru'a. o e"rfi hnoaBre!f.. Bnat:l1t/. o,1q uL B |<a'lF'rBe 06be\ra
    6eaoronopo.+roro ocyxtaennt. B 1934 r, oH 6brrr apecroBan: ocHoBH;lrl, Ho He
    earHcrEetlHnrn ocHoBaH eM [ocJlyxtJr cTlrxorBopHblfi naMoner o cTan]'il{e
    <Mu xrlgeNr, noa co6oIo He qys crpanbr...> flpurolop 6lu neoxrlaanxo Nrar-
    KnrI ntT6 Jl:eT ccbrjlKl, \lecTorf ee cTaJr art no3Ta BopoHex. flo rIcTeqeHu]'l
    ee cpoxa x!rT6 B MocxBe uo3Ty 3anPeqaJrocb. Harlarct HoBHii 9Ta[ Myr{e.
    Hr.rii, 3aBeptrlBuuiict rroBblr{ apecro\t B 1938 r, C,leacrnue 6r,uo 6rlcrpb!r1:
    3a raonTppeBonrorlllonnyro aerrejlrllocrb noar 6r,rl npuronopen r saxlrcverurrc
    B xcnpaBuTeJrbfio-rpyaoBorl nanepe cpoKorl Ha ntT! r'IeT, ao Kor'Irrl\lbr, (yaa ero
    ornpaBur'It, Marue,rlnrarl xe Aoexanl yMep B flepecblJrbfiorl rarepe noA Bna
    AIBOCTOKOJT B KOHrte rOrO )(e rOAa, B 1956 r, nocranoaaenrieif cyaa efo aeJlo '
    6lr:ro aarpnro <<3a orcyrcrBlIerl cocraBa npecrylJrenut>, Ho nonaao6r'IJlocb
    erqe 6oree rpxarlarr{ ner, npexae qerl oH 6Ltr - B 1987 r. oKoHqale)lbHo
    pea6un[TupoBaH. tr4 rorbrco roraa Bblco(as no33r'It MaFAerbtur'aMa 6blra !o3-
    Bpal{eHa quTaTeJrIo,
    B Ha3BaEEe nepBoi:i KHr4rircrltxoB MaHAerburaM B3tr croBo u3 pa3pqAa
    o6lraennlrx (aMeHr,. Ho y [o33uttcBofi t3l't(. 3aecb oco6yrc qefiHocrb
    o6peraer cfloco6uocr! croBa ,{Merb nepeuocHbtii cilrblcn: Ha 3roi{ nepenocno]I '
    crrlrcjIe, Ha Bo3HuKrrreii Mera4)ope aepxriTcr crfix MaHAerlulTaiua, OH Haq1lHan
    KaK al{MelrcT !r npuB93annocTb K 3To\ry HanpaBIeHEIo coxpaE n lla lclo x1'I3H6,
    BHAq B EeNr BbrpaxeHfie <roc r no rlr.tpoBoii KynLTyPe>, KaueHL B ero cri'lxax
    lpllHaIJlexnT M]{py rlpltpolbr n HarOrI],IHaeI o BerlEocTr, a ellle - o Eerloa_
    Br4){(EOCTr.r, HO, noAErrbrri Ha Bltcory, orl o6peraer aliHaNfirtlHocrb, cfioco6-
    rocrb <yt{acrBoBarb B PaaocrHoM Ball}toaeiicrtsl4fi ce6e noao6Hb]x> u, crato
    92
    €t6rri, npunaarexflT M]rpy! rBopxrroMy qejroBeKoM, rleJroBe( 3arlorEter fiivl
    o, ocTaBrreT ToT crea B xcTopr4]t, KoTopor{y ltHoraa cyxaeHo 6ec_
    - RaR Co6opy flaprixcKoii Bororfarepfi, KaK nerep6yprcRoMy Aai!flr-
    iaJrTeiicrBy, aoKa3arejGcrBy roro, qro <,,,KpacoTa - He [pI,IxorI] fiony6ora, /
    I xxlqHHii r,'ra3oMep npocroro cronqpa>.
    r. MaHAenLuraMa Bocxuqa.r Mup BerrHr,It, Eo 3To Hl.IKoraa ne HaBoAllJro ero
    I{blCJlb O MaJIOCTI,I Cr{epTHOIO qenoBeKa nepeA JIIrIIOM BCeCnJI}r}IO];I Beq-
    Tn. BeqEocrb y Hero o6HapyxlrBaer ce6s B (ofiRperflblx Aeran9x, np!t-
    lerax Nuenn - B TBopr,rMoii Be rlrocrr4, orKpblToii B3opy. ABTop co6paHELIx
    <KaMner crnxos 6onee o3a6oqeE Ee flepeaa.reft HacrpoeEut, a Bocco3aaEler{
    neT ncropxr KyjrbTypbr MnpoBoro npocTpaEcTBa, nopoxaarcrlllx Te I,IJII4
    ay eBEbre aBr-rxeHus. 14 flplrr{erhr 3TI,I He r.I3 .{ucna cryqaiHo nonaB-
    srra Ea r.[a3a: MaHAen![rraNt Bcerra rIyBcrBoBa'I ce6s Eac.reaHu(oM MrlpoBoii
    cgnbrypr,r, oH 66L1 BJrlo6aen l enoxy Anrnvuocru, xo"rn6orl ulrpoeoil ryar_
    ,prr, 6,raroroaer n"p-n flyurr Inb'! .a na,r.e.
    ' CTr.rxn Manaorrnraua pot{aarticr, ecrecrBeHnoi B MrHoBe[rIt BAoxIroBe-
    fit, Ho 3Tl4 MrEoBeHnt conptlajrtlc6 c Te\I, qTo yxe ornoxl'IJlocb B flaMgTlI
    ae,'loBeqecTBa, bfo cTtrxu Bo3HqxaIoT B npocTpaHcTBe lrl poKoro KyJrbrypHoro
    Ta, roeToMy I{x noEIl\taHI,Ie Bo MHOrOrl 3aBI,tClrT OT ypOBIiq 3pyIU-
    qIrTaTe.TIt l-tJll.l CjlylllaTerg, JAeCb HacToqqee BocnpfiHEMaeTct I(aK 3BeHo
    o6plrnaou{eiica r,rcrop[qecKoit r{eEr.I: <Bce 6LIro Bcrap6, Bce noBTopErcq
    orosa, / tr4 cna,{or fiart Jr]rru6 y3HaBaEta NII,I', Ha3Bafiue BTopoii (Htirr'I cruxoB
    lfaHAen6l]rraMa He crvqaiaHo Bocxoalno K <,Tristia> (<CKop6H6lr,I 3rerutM>)
    :pnMcl(oro nosTa fly6rllg OBuar,Is Ha3oHa, coc.'IaHBoro riMnepaTopoM B ceBep_
    sop flpj4,rp.rovopbe. rae. Blarl 01 po, .oro Kpat. o I h 3dxoHqq"4 cBoH arll4
    B nopy BbrxoAa Broooi I tr H Mdhnenburarr. e qe H.IaBIIo Ha48 lo l'l' HFno
    YrreHfteMnepexfilaBllrnll <paaocTb TI,IxyIo Ar,IllIaTh 1,1 xltTb>, flpeaqyBoBaJl rlaa'
    srirauqyrccs (aracrpo@y, yrpoey r'l4y.
    'Paausrulaa o cyal6ax nog3lru B nopeBoJrloquonnylo 3noxy, MaHAerb rraNl
    tr{carr <flo93]ts IlJryr, B3pslBaloq],li BpeMt ra(, qro rJry6tHHLle nracrbl
    BpeMeHI,Ij ero rrepIo3eM O(a361Bal0Tcs HaBepxyt. JAeCD <nnacTlr
    qepHo3eMa>
    -
    lle.toBerlecKuM reH[eM B KaMHe,
    trL1{tTEbIe 3HaKt 3nOX, EeqTO COTBOpeEHOe -
    B KpacKax, B <(\iaJToM c.roBe,>, B crlrxax on npeanpuHtMaeT [onbtT(r4, yBLt,
    TqeTnllej coeatBltTb eTIt rIJlacTSL Bce TpyaHee cKraablBaloTct y Hero oTllo-
    ItreHlrE c BjIacTbIo, c Snoxot, RoTopat pa3py ana oclloBalrut, Ea (oTopblx
    : 4epaancrr Mup, cBolo Eenpo.]IlocTl' LroBas Snoxa cTpeiur'ITct (oMneEcliPoBaTb
    xecToKocTblo, cTaHoBtc!, rlo ofipeaeJreElllo no3Ta, 3BepeM, (oTopoMy <cHoBa
    B SeprBy, Ka( qrHeH(a, / TeMr xr.I3Hr4 fipuEecnu>. Ho cBolo cyab6y or cya66u
    fiapoAa, crpaxbr MaHle]rblurarr He orAe.lltt: <,flonpo6yiiTe ]teHt or BeKa oro-
    pBarb, - / Pyqarocr, BaM - ce6e cBepnere rnerol> OH xorer, Ii He ero Btirra
    B TO\! qTO fie MOl, Bn[CaTbCt B sTOT ivMp, O I(OTOpOM CRa3an: <<n B l{tp BXOXy
    -
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    ar.rrocr, c ropeqbo (oEcTaT[poBaTb: <-fl - ]renpusnaEEblfi 6paT, / OTrlel1eneq
    B HapoaHou ceM6o,
    Caana$cl ManAensurarr He xorer, ero rloAAepxllBana yBepeHHocrt' B ToM,
    . qro llc(yccTBo cnoco6go gocno.{n[tl ro,.]ro BpeMg BHrlep 'IBaeT 1l3 rIoACKOii
    flaM,1TIl, qTo otro aacT rleJloBeRy Bo3MoxllocTb He yTpaTItTS 'lyBcTBa co6cTBeH-

    93
    HOrO AOCTOIIICTBa, <Hy qTo t(e, ecr{ HaM He Bbr(oBaTb apyroro, naBaiiTe
    /
    c BeKolr BeKoBaTb>. Ho BeK BCe rpocTHee Tep3ar,r qeroaeka, Il noST 3Ce EaCTOri,
    rrHseej c oontr]o, c roper{bro rBepa!1r1
    B cBofix cT xax 06 olacHocT, o6ecqeroBe_
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    na cJt, 3a. /
    '1) o ber clpbxy ,rro 6ya"r I Sylcr rpo 2 .. Io.ohfosop\.Bb.he.eHrro\ry6F1
    cyAa, rlrcrraHHbrii s BopoHOr{, MaHnerbrlTari 6lrr,ruueu e,,renrenrapnur*.re,ro_
    BF'lecK'4I nDa3. rlo or r pono r^at nrcdlb .tytl 14, Boporr- r,cr.,. r"rpa4rr .
    poaaeEbr oluyrqeHuelr TparfiqecKor? 6e3btcxol{HocTr4, a BMeCTe C Terl _
    060_
    crpenHoi ,(axAoti xr3Hu. 3arHailErrli, Karc ts KreTKy, B ccbtrRy, o6Jroxe8r6!fi.
    co Bcex cTopoH 3a[peTai!1]r, yrpo3ar{u, nogr otqynlarl ce6, BHyTpeHHe CB060A_
    rlbr)d. XoTr ou{yueHfle, BlrpaxeEEoe B crpoKe <,I4 u p"o.ionoa" n
    c BoJle[...r, yxe He noKr.tAaJro ]Ioara, Hac[JtlcrBeH]lo "oropsa]rEbtfi or" <]IIipD,,
    "po",
    j1lIlueHHtr1i <BoJIu>, oH ynptrlo Hacral4Ba,,r:
    <,Eue rrbl xr3Eblo no,,rHbl B BbIc_
    uJeii Mepe,..>, <EIlIe He yiuep rbr, eqe Tlr Ee o{rr{,..> DlrBmlle earrrc.teHlsre
    Bcnorlr,rHaru, I{a( no3aHeti oceHbro 1938 f, Ira KoJlbrMcKoilt STane y Hoqsrrx
    {ocTpoB ( lpJHr-b Y. uaro o' o o Dt Da rla.rtoB.. B4oxhoBeHItoj
    "a.a}tfi ,rqTa,1
    narepEoi:i ny6rlfi e cTrrxoTBopeHn.fi ,

    noAyrpo3oi cMepTu He cytrreB BoccnaBr|rb 3noxy, MaHIenL rTar{ c orporl_


    ,I4
    Hoi:i cErofi Bbrpa3{n ee Tparrj3rr, CrnxorrrJpenul noera poxAeHir rryBcTBorf
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    paaocrsro Bcrpequ c qcTlHHbrM _ BlrcoKttM { npe(pacHsrM! c(yccTBoNr.
    6opnc JIeoHrAoBfiq Ilacrepnar (1890-1960) polxnc, rr"u""r_
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    6brJta firja,
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    q. fa B CFpoB. V. Bpr6enh P. i\1. P.r rs(-. cKpr6r t,
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    ocGHaBtrero
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    yt$e B AeTcIue IOAbr paAOcTb, I.OTopyro AapyeT Bbrco(Oe c(yCcTBo.
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    iuonoaor? qeroBe( peulujr nocBrT[Tb x!3Hb My3!rr(e, 3aTeM rlp]rxo4r:r apyfoe
    cep6e3Eoe yBreqeHxe q)rarocoour, (oTopylo oH ocTaBrrer paau r1o33tr14.
    -
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    ibrrrocooueiri,
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    gbrBarcr oT palree HariIeHHOfO, BsrXOA[Tb IC HOBOrly,
    rorra, flp sTorf cKna
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    co0paHH6re B IByx rlepBtrx KEurax <.D.'rll:lreq a rylax> (1914) Lr <[OBepx
    6aprepor> (1917), on nnocr'reAc,rBril.t oqelr6Baj o.reH! cypoBo, c,j11Tar, .1To co6-
    r'1,
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    aparraTrrtHo,
    94
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    /
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    I,tTbcg Ha oTpUIIaHUU npaBa Ha cqacTle 3a oTAeJItIlltM qe,lOBeKoM, Ha oTDrUa-
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    Bce:/ cfpaAaroL_lnM, .n.,rofhtru^oro Araccyr, B qpep..as,,reH;{
    AqboHbh4
    coeArHtoTct peBojloUrr, BoiiFa, XepTBa Xpr.rcTa; caM ,llroToB nplzsH;eT. qTo
    launjj ap:
    ", ero <AyuJa. He 3acryxrrBUar J,t],tx c,,tr,otlrx tn yJleTarcul x He6;c, Xax4a,1a
    HeToponnraBbrx 6oJ1efi>, Ho 3a MyKofi reporM BrrAltTc, nyTb C\oaH6le
    Ha He6o. tr,lMeEfio 3 npo6,'reN
    npuEaTrre Bbrco(ofo npaBcTBeHEOfO Aorra nepea HbBbrM
    Mr.rpoM, noHxMaHr,re iofo poM2
    oeBorroullH KaK pearq3aurjM cahp:L1r,hblx t4dTet J,1i ,1( f;pr1t,
    Jacraarrel 3OI-IH5I FA
    JTIOTOBa BOCX!,IUIaT6C' Ka3aKaMfi,yTBepSaaT!, qTo <<oHa He MOXeT lle CTOer'IrTb.
    r oToMy 'rro oHa peBo,'trouur .. l, 6cJoDyxt brM ,rArx B
    ? faK) lpaccxa: oflocae irbr!] yqacr
    ooa") - He 3a reM. qto6bt y6hsatb, Ho la reM. qTo6bt rpuo6u/fbc, h o6rleMy
    xFpfBeHHovy nopbrBy, cJLt ocr c HaporHo; Ma.coil Hc B ee npeflyrreH,lq;,
    l(oTop6lx baoenh He.Kp!tszeT, Ho B ee cfper,rJleHyrj K npaBrnbHo:/y s 1946-li
    M14po- JCCTBE @;
    y.TpoicTBy. 6a6e,rt rraxoarlr csoe Dcu eHfle npo6j ero, ,nr"rr"r"n,ir,
    , Ero npor4!
    co-yqacrrrs B peBorroqrilj, no3Bojrr, cBoeMy r'rl]oroBy pa3Aer,[trL yAen ""
    MetuPB, he fizpyrnyB npfi JTOy BeDHOCTTI rpanr.rhoHHb,iu HDaBcTBe
    KoHap- !inr: npo6
    tHbtM nDu;_ fiperrreH!
    u lnaM.
    ha6,lOAas Ja KOdapMeiiUaMu, Bbt.r',r) u.r.4Bae rx .parr,lecKfi p CeMeuHbte !!irQororr
    xcTopr tpacc(a3, ac6vo", noBpclByrou{uit o s3arrMHbtx y6 ficfsa"\), lrx
    necHL ( s llecH9 '.L 06uarcB c eBpeii.K'4M14 o6brBa. errMh flepBbr(
    l.{ DeBonroq/oHep;Mx
    (.l eAanD ., <PaOOu . . L brfi pa66'4r), pO/Hbr\4h nOBecTBOBaTeJ O no ryrlbiype.
    --sori BoftH
    JlroToB Bo3AeprlEBaeTcr oT fiprMoro ocyxaeHltr, flopuqaHrrs
    :;rrtov 60,r
    STIIX JlroIeit. oH !;trepaTyp
    cTpeMaTcr oco3FaTb ux MrzpoBo33per e, J'x npaBAy o )Kt43Hri qepe3
    l1pn3Mv Tori :tHne 192
    KocMxgecRorl no cBoeii r,rorqrz 6urer,r nporlr,toro , 6yayrqe.o,
    qaer 3a !'roKarbrrbrMrf 6orM[ rpaxAaEcKoii
    *oropylo plr,"_ :!airqllrl
    Bofinn, Conveqag no xonrpacry
    onl'caHrre 3BepcTB, y6ricTa u ceHTrrMeETa,,rr,Hoe onricaHhc
    KaprlrH npeKp;cHoi OateeB c,l
    flprrpoAr,r, Ba6er'rb pr,tcyeT MeTaeop[trecKyro (aprr4Hy rp:DrcAaHc(o,
    Bor;Hbr I{aK i 1930-19r
    nOnbITI(y pe:ull{gaulru HeAocTnxt{Moji M€rrrd o pae Ha 3eMIe.
    rii]te TeHAe
    CpeA,1 npora3Bea.Hai pearlrc1l4qec(oro HanpaBIeHrq. nocBflricHdblx
    reve 6OUX!r B c)
    rpaxAaHc(ori BoiHbr, MoircHo oTMeTflT6 TeHAeHU ro K rry6xHHoMv
    crpeMr'leHte Ha KoHKpFfHOM X,lsHeHHO\1 Ma eD & e uc.,1eloBaTb
    o6o6lqeHriro, i; { poMar
    couharlhHbte ll'r pe!.1{
    100
    tr ftyrbTypHlre npuquEbi rpaxIaHcKOrO
    aatl repac'r*'r ;","i";,
    ";;;;l,"TffiI;ff i:,H"X#ffijf ;.
    <<rcpacHbrx>,
    uny poHbr u noAqac rparrlgec(4e (otr@,riaK,
    r'>) peBonou,o'H',M aonr"",
    "d";;;;;:11"Jf I#H"j#""f"TH"##';';
    iKa3
    jidd",",,::#,:;*,{11?:::X1t'?:i-#,%"",f",}J:;;
    ro6- :#S?:t
    ;'."''_T;ffi T#*"J*"'il,1::n:;ffi x#ff
    *f ::I*:ff :ii;i"J;;"y";*
    1Ut)
    , ltx *ifl,!::"!f
    rypu croxer "X!:;f,ffi
    i,Tf fi :"tf ffi ;:#fi
    rx\u-
    rrc6ru o6pr"ouurno.o auoprrrru, "'J:i}*:"*;","#ll.
    "Oru"p" " "p""r"rar"Jri,
    IOr''I- nr",T#ffi ;J#ff;'$:-r-vuloBo33peH'IIec('"" p".,'""",", "
    .,oo"
    'uaa
    taa-
    n:n:imlail#fl1#t*$:;T.":ffi ;"",*T:i:;:#";
    ru:::lxi*** xtir:f
    o ncuxoro.{3Me roBecr,, Ho, ;
    :n:#:::
    q:n:1i:rd;?xl"'fi:T Jff;
    ;*H:i";:ff :;il,"#$L:il:.H:
    6I(1.1 o BbtTecHeHnu qacTdoro traeor'lotfiqecK,

    Ia{a :a.q,!r.rpaMar
    qec*or" d";;;;;;;'T*;n""::r"#""i:ff "ilff ;r""#
    :'#1i:'J:il,*Xf,lliJ"1lXl;'" *'o.o"
    rHUe "1ffi "o,,no"",u,uc' .,o"o"
    ;:;:n:,r*p",{#""iT.1.llii,l'.'#XilX;iT,i.::',:""'"; ffiffiffJ#

    teMy H,it:;;T j::i1T::-"iff fi "?6:::l',ln#'"?;"^i?i,1i;#ili


    *-'e''p'ara co o'a n,,carenoi.
    rpo_
    x.",&T"l':;"J,i ;":"""J-':ii;::ff : [;':"
    ::1'::?:*"* :i::ff#ff ;j"X";"; ;;,t";:l:.
    6*,,p""",, .,',p,i:'l"
    Hap- ff :,'ffff :flTff"?llffi;nau6onee,ana'rarearuo'" "'opo'"' ""o'o ""n"-
    :*;:*:* ji;;irxi#fl7#':ffi :';"TT#J":ffi;.TiH;
    )l{ll-

    Hbte _ ! HeiirpanbrroMv c,.rrro>,


    ',ux fi:H::;;"]eil:";;;B;iii,'H::ffi.ffi;:
    ype, ff ?:":"#xTJ:jil:::^i,";:t""::Jd"ffj#Tffij:"T:T:IJlTi#:
    .On
    TAV
    3t
    acTy
    7- 61fryJ l. ti##:%i,Tn:n#i;#i"r:.",:tr
    pyccKoro peallralra XIX a,, r'uacrHocrr_t
    Tp^aar,rurz14
    lree ocHoBbr coupearu3Ma. faaenlru caouM
    JL To,jcroro, [I 3aroxllB_
    npou3seaeHueM 1930_x rr,
    lEoll caM
    ([;53i;i6::ff i""J;#:tJ"mr::*ril*i,f*:iK,#,t::::
    rrlrc, ;ff+j":":li!fr111?[jryffi ##:::x,,x;:rrur::i:r:n
    ErJ*ttttttttil,T:T#:i:*"ffi"ii##i;#:#ii:i!:,:::::
    101
    Bbrpa3-[Ter'r6Hoe ri pon{aHTrr3l.lpoBaHEoe
    [OBeCTSOBafl4e o repo&qecKoii 6op66e
    c q)allu3lfoM KOMCOMOT'I6CKOIO nOArlO]:Ibj
    B .eM cy,,iecr'eH'o rp^,"6oonn,oouun i',]lXXili}filiiiJjjy#;XT"?,lT
    rluu noAarlra Mor''roAorgapgeriUes. Bo sropoii pu,qu*qrr,
    npr_
    MbrM napr!.rjiHrrM (cTarr,lHckhr) "Ae,,rrrinoitnol
    AaD,,leH!teM, po,I, naprrliiHoto pyr,o"o4"rua
    nPeyaeIrl.reHa, lIcKaxeHbr ucTIlHH!te MoTr,rB!rpoBr(I4
    rrocTynKoa nepconaNeii,
    lzMeBrrrtx peafi btbrx npororunos, Ionyrrpnocrb po"rana,
    craaruiro croero
    poaa <r(aHoHoM> coqpea,,rltrra, ! nocrcosercr[i
    niproa o6epHyr""o pa3la; a'
    Kpriri1(ot ero u erc aBropa. Cav Oa4een, norp"c"nnu,ii
    .6eJ4a,^.eDcoteHhoi Fc4aBHeri ,lcrop,]/, "o6u,ir"*,
    Xi nupr_
    nohoH,{r,,r xxJHb caMoy6/Fcfso^r.
    l-orlaH s Par. poM . JhaMeHyer co6o; HoBbIi{ J.
    an u ryao,.e, " us111,9y 6qy6.4,
    neH- r, rpaj(AaEc{oil Boiiuu. B neu a cyposoti peanjacrx,tecKoi
    ,ao!1el K .paAfiLhrM Boo^fioi npo3,t ,4. Tonc oro, onr.ur",MaHepe, orclr_
    r',I34 rcKo o olprnd 3 ya,loB.4rx fpaaaahcKoi
    Ourrr_.,"-
    eo,ialr nr La,rtr,n,] Bocro*.e,
    npelcraareHbr pa33epHyrr,Je ncr4xoJlorxrrecKne
    noprperl,r 6oiqoa ,4eBran-
    colrr, Mc,rt4Ka, Mopo-xr. Mete,1,ubt, ca,-L,1ao {u Baph.
    n"*o opo
    -
    neacorx qeocoua,,.eii. Pea[,acf "e, (iu nlopa6o, ou o6purou,, "o."ropoa."
    n.iunri_
    riocrrj,uJti{ cxeMar},r3rra. K xyaoxecrler{HbrM yraqaM "no
    poMarra orHocrr lbrjfypy
    JleBrrco'a, KoMa'{upa naprlgaHcKoro orpsaa, xoropufi
    noxasan ,re ioainl
    Myapbrir HaqalbHt4(oM, cue,,rnu 6oiiqoM, xo u qeJroBercoM
    <1{g nrlorl,I l.l KpoBlrr,
    yMeroqr,rM npeoaoneBarr cror,r c,ra6ocru,
    vyrxun, no rpe6orarenunur",, ,oroi
    rsru 6parr na ce6a orrercrBeaHocrb 3a,K!13Hrr naprn3aH,
    rlpu gToM r,'raBEoe B poMaHe _ He crc
    rrrBocror'r4', cr(oJr'(o npoqecc
    ::::.fY1y,Y noaeuHeHue ruqltllx"o."rr'J;i#H::ff;;Xffi:i:XTTXT;
    t{erefi o6qeMy aerv 6opuert
    cTpofi, abrpaooT(a npxElrjfioB <peBonuluoHHo.O ryntan":uau, "u "luii;
    o coorrercrurar.r
    c RoToplIM, IrarlprMep, paall noaBr,rxHocTfi
    oTpraa4onycTxMo orpaBuTb 3aaep-
    xrDarcqero npoaBnxegr,re fiaprri3aH 6oalxoro 6oiua. pon
    BaJorcr craB[]rre A,'rr 6y,syrqeii rrxreparypbr
    B npo"nJii-
    ",r"
    corlpeanu:na xpecrouarrifintrMu
    Ttrrax': oorblre'r,r*-pyr{oBoA'Te,rb, xeprBeHHo
    ynri:oa, e xoropoM JleBrcqcot ""y*r*ri "oo"ry ;;;;;t,
    ;;;i;: j:::1"T":[#;5T::Xil3Jtr
    Bo,!eB6IN{ r
    .,,,,, 6",o;;; ;;;;;; ;;;;;;
    *Becrtoirop!(oBcKort n".""aoii o A"rno n" oCrupr*,
    ii11"_.:::l::,:il"]s
    vr3epruJl!>; qeroaeI(" Macclt Mopo3rco, oBoJ1roqnoHrrpyrcrUrji
    oT cayraiiroro
    aopa 40 co3Harcjbroco ,.1 npe4afiroro conlafa,
    :i"i:r".:-
    I'rIeHI cm6"ir, nn"ea-
    MequK, . e r rroco6auir floHrT6 / np/Hq fb h 4 pFBo.rllot-hoH ,oro joJfra,
    nu <6orbu'eBfiq'loro ryMaHr,r3Ma], Erz xe]rckoii ,r;"r,
    *oropu,t ;;;;.;;
    IIo tyru, no3opr{o a€3eprripyer E3 orpraa. tr4cfljHqa,
    por"re _
    He uo3r{quoaHbre rraprr:ancxue 6or.r, r Korop6rx "or:i""- "
    orpra JleBrlncoH;
    pa3rpoM, Ho onrzcanrre crauoBneliu, (rrri
    oxfiAaer
    naa"""") ,r"ro"rr, n""yur"il
    npaBAy O Xrr3Hr{. "uoio :i:
    1920,x rr. cbopMnpyerc, MonyMenrairbno_3nriqecrar,
    ,,-_C-_::!:or""
    Hat TeHAeHqus rrco6paxeHrla
    onorefi_
    BoitrHbr B TBop.recTu" lt, lfororoun.
    Ona uOrfa",
    B ce6r InapoKfii cneKtp *yaoN""ru"urru,,
    cKoro nporr.rBocro'H'r",' norp.6no..u u'ol::::ffi
    Jr"jff"lTJ:
    TpaA[r{ i Kraccrjqecxofi ,,rnreparypbr Xi,\ 8., r.t ricnor6soBadre ;tj##;
    cuMBonoB
    II apxeTulloB, r,r ycTaHoB(y Ha Bocco3AaHjre HapoaHoto
    co3lraHu,] n HaDonEoIi
    102
    ,6e per{rl u
    To xe BpeMrr [po3a lljoroxoBa gcrerr4qecKrr o6o6nlaer flpeAlnecrBy-
    1?Jl rcIlI
    nl,lepArypHUe noficKr-i, nppncl aBrrqo q'l] u.,
    F
    onrunc no" perrraa"ro.
    3a- cKoe noBecTBoBaHUe O Kpy[reHr,r[ npexHero Mupa"ro u poxaeErtu HoBoro o6ue,
    pA- cTBa, o0 l-lcTopttqecKux nyTtx HaI{I,lI4, O HpaBCTBeEHbIX yCTOrX, He 3aB]4CEIIII4X
    IBA or peBonou[oHnHx norprceHur?,
    e],l, Mxxar-n Ane(caHApoBxq lllo,loxoB (1905 -lgB4) _ coJ4are, b poMaHoB_
    '_onel.r. oboraT Brjluil peart cTt4qecKyto rr-eparypy ,leoMhOonor lgecKr M ,
    (oi QOrbKr'ropHhrMr4, apxeTrrnuqec(rlMr., xyaoxecTBeHqbtM]l arepTaM14 l,I npr_
    pr- e\raMr4, oorroBuBrxtI; npeacTaBreHlre o npr,rHqullax gnoneriqoro
    noBecTBo;a_
    I, HII', O COOTHOIIIeIIITI4 B HeM HaltoHarlbHoro, col[jMSlloro, ncuxo,,rol[qecKoro.
    OH npulnejr B rfreparypy co cBoer? TeMofi 1,l cBouM[ reporMr,r, paccKa36raa,

    : '[ol-1- I xa:arax. IlJo,roxon < rpevr, cn paro6pa 0." ,.ro*r* .rf6o


    ap-
    'iot
    Hapoffot rpaM6l / o6o3Haq/16 nyrr{ nocrpop.r,l, MxpHoi " rapMoHr,Irofi
    ,Kr3Hr,r. ruor'loxoBc\l,lv repoeM rapaK-epeH ,lpaBr fseHH6lj Mar\Cl \,raJ /Jr,r,
    !lH- 3acraBrriotqln ux yqacrBoBarb B [epeycrpoilcrBe Mupa, flrcarerB
    !a,,reKo
    He BCetIa aeJlr-rT aeucTByDrq x ntru Ha <cBolrx tt tly)K x>, <njloxlrx
    ,l xopo_
    Llhxr, 6erbtx L4 Koacrrb\r'. o,.Tdpaer"s o6r,ercrueHo no*rrrro npruory, r,
    ypy JaoJ'lyx4eHl,.' qe,toBeKa. llLo:roxog ocrae,lqer:, ,"por" np""o nu 6yn.
    " upa"r"
    nocTyrlxr, Ea co6cTBeHEoe MHeHae, Ha Hecorrl"cr" a o6q"nprrrrui".
    d Ay""
    HapolHoq Mopaj1r.r oH He nponlaeT qepcTBocrtl, 3ror43Ma, neEocTr,
    He6Dexe_
    HHg hHTeOpCaMfi Apyr!,tx rloaeii. lojtoM neDen ponH6tv oqdfoM,
    o6pefeHr e
    ceMLu (Bo3Bpau.IeHr4e fpuropufi MerexoBa K cuny a <Tlrxon
    lpo-
    !one>,io6ont
    .]aru4oaa r< Bape Xap:raMoBofi B <noAnrrot q"rrr"r, y"o,roon""ra erap"o"
    lblx Coxo,roouu cnporu B <Cyab6e .rerToBe(a>) c,lyxrir yllloroxoBa cuMB;rroM
    lbItl _tyxoBHoro npocBeTreHrrr fepor, o6peTeHj4' HaIe)KIrr Ha BO3pOXAeHre,
    qe o'N4eHqe. Tpar qe.Koro 3syttaH
    3To
    BT,II,I
    ,r 60.rorx/hctBa Lo,,toxos;Kux d iHanoB.
    orpaxarclLh\ cnoxHocTh. npor,rBopeg Bocrb )l' i-H!,t.
    ll[caTerB poA[rcr fla AoHy, c AeTcrBa 3Ha, AoHcKre o66rqarj rj TpaA]rqru.
    tMu _
    I iepBbre c€pb-J,-b.e npo t3BeAeHre, co6paHH6
    e fl oloV B urnKJ 4oHcnte pac-
    )ay. c{arbt, (1924-1926). qocB'ureHbr roaxna, .Kofi BoHHe l "nocrTeBoeH;uM
    tqaa roaaM, B Hqx corluaJrbHile (oHo,lrKTbl pe eEbt 9epe3 npu3My ceMeriHbrx
    t(oM oTHoillelrr4ii, BeqHott npo6reMr,r <<oTqoB ra AeTeiio,
    Uaxa cra,rceoeio poAa snu_
    ,yxL apaooM (o BceMy rBopqecrBy, B njoJroxoBcxoi aBorloqfia
    AocraroqHo croxHo
    abltrrtlytbo,t€p'{eHHbrpneprrOAH:eroxyAOxFCfBefiHBriiMhpUereH.BCepeAftte
    ICJI. lyru-x _f, LUor'loroB Ja4yvarl Macrxla6Hoe x]Aoxect BeHHoF rorloTHO O CVA66e
    KaJa! ecTBa B \oHTeK.'e DOCCriiaKofi uc10pr,rM: flepBoi Mrlposoi. peBorroufta,
    'JIfa,
    fpazqaHcKot BotHbj. B-opar noroB,4Ha 1920_x lg40 r. neproA co:aa|rg
    e- r\o.]ek "Tut'ui InH, { I926-1940}. nepBoro roMa -Ilodnamoi 4etundtt
    qaeT ( vJr). HauMa paoojb Han Blopbrr,l TovoM. B 1930_e | , [iojoxos Bclynael
    BOIO B napTtIO, Eo npr,t gToM secTHO cBftAeTerbcrByeT B nr,rcnMax u. CTanr,aHy o TBo_
    prqer{cq EecnpaBearrrzBocTr,t, 06 yxacax KoIIeKTr4Br€aqr[], o penpeccrrx;
    xJro_
    norreT o apy3brx, 6,'1 3Rtzx, 3eMrrr(ar.
    paeT nocre Bofi Hbr lllonoxoea 6o,1rlue []rrepecyer npo6jreNla EaqtroHar6Horo
    AAH. xapa(repa, Koropar crot4r B ueHrpe <CgAt 6ot ,te,toeetca> (1956_1957)
    lrve u o'1pt6 tHatvva prF' Broporo rolla
    "flo4He.oi ucnuHd" (ony6,1. I960).
    )r108 B 1965 r. IIIonoxoBy npucyaaaror Ho6eleacxyro npeMr,Io no riureparype.
    lHot{ Ero livla onpyxexo cxallaanauu B cBt3r,r c tbrcrynr,IeHrlrMr lltcare,l, nDorl4B

    103
    coBeTcro4x
    '4 ccrneHToB lI 3apy6exnblMr,r ny6.{r,rKaql{'Mr\, ocnapuBarorl'jMrr
    rltor'roxoBcKoe aaTopcTso {Tuxoro aoHa). TOrbKo B Haqane
    pyKonuqj <Trxoro nonar 65un HaliaeHlr
    xxI B, noarr,rtHsre
    r.r Bo"po" oO f"rrr"nOurn
    o(oEqaTeJIblto. ""rop"rua
    <AoHcKue pacc(a3br' reMar!{qecxr.r rj crlrlx,rcrrdrrecxu
    6r,rrr3Kx 6a6ereBc(ori
    <Konapltr.ru>: ror xe Ka3aqfli:i Mup c ero BotlrrcKl1M KynBToM
    Ao6r,recru. Da3
    BerBJleirnasjeiiTirorrrBga,q crpyKTypa, o6bealgrroua, pa3po3HeHHBre
    B eAr,rHlrri ttu(!'r, lrctloJlbgoBaHEe c(a3a ([oBecrBoBaHr4,
    re;rbr
    o, ,,rq" npo""on",
    po-!Horo nepcoHaxa)
    - q)op.!^bt ofpaxFJl4, HaDoliloro co3Hadrir. flpr atoV
    IUO,IOXOB OTAael AaHb COBCTCKOfi leor,IofHu
    "caotxr ,1 .,ryx lr, cTaiKt4Ba,
    cTaprrx Ka3aKoB, aepxautrxc, 3a npe)KH[e [OpgAKlr, x Moroaexh, oTcrarzBa_
    .ly-,:--ri:r]:' noBoi .oqxaIbHo, opaBrbr {-riepBoro,r,rHa".
    .Jra3opeBar c enb^, <porxHka,). 14.ToKr, rpaxnaHcKofi "Kojosepro,.
    aoFHbr nhcare,lb
    BLrArrr He ror'rt(o B coutrMbHoM paccJroeHnL.l o6qecrsa,
    Iio rj B ynuBepcub-
    BoM Ar'rr Bcetl rjcroprj{ qe,{o3eqecrBa RoHO,,rrrKTe noKoneH,rii.
    Asrop_nora,
    iErBaer pa3pErB aeKoBbrx narpuap:\aJbhblx orHoujeH!ri,
    cs,iae r er sc r;ouuia
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    qe,'roBeK> rI ap.). TaK, Mrjkxurapa
    u3 paccKa3a {CeMefiH6rfi .Jenou"*o, 6yaro
    rcrroBeaytch EepBoMy BcrpeqHoMy, aroucrlrqHo onpaBAbrBaer
    ce6, 3a y6;i:i-
    cTBo AByx.cbrHoBei
    - 3a HapyueEne BaBeTa oTUoBcKoro
    noKorreF E, oceBbrx aJrr (agaqBero Mapa. fepofi <poArrH(r>
    Aojrra, 3aBeTa cBs3lr
    no(a3aa ,rHaqe. ;_-_.
    BepHUM ra3atlbllM Tpaatu.4rv. Var aa e v6uro! rrM
    KpacHoapMefiqe Don,ioro
    cblHa, oH .aM nperaer ce6r cvepru. Morralt o6ue"rseHqoro
    piarua". n"pyr.- t,t,
    EI{t np Hllr Ia npeeMcTBeHHOCTll nOKO,leHUIi ypaBHoBeEnBaloTc.s
    MoTiaaM!
    .rooar, nprrMxpp txr (<Iljr16a,,r (oso ceMa,, Xepedenor,_, <LIvxa,
    KDoBbrl
    Tak, tKoB IIIH6anoK (-[Ur6a,rxoeo ceNjs"l, p; ;; .r;;;;;;"r;;;
    pllqeE no opy,G{rc, coxpaHseT xu3Hb HOBOpOXAeHHOMy ";r", CHHy, lphxtrToMv
    oT ulnuoHKu. KpoBHo-poacTBeHHbre cBr3I,
    A,/1, Hero Baxlret r.raeo,lo j,recKol.i
    BparqH,
    B .Aouct yx paccka3ax . ILIo,roxoe oro6paNaer KohOruKT couhanbHbl)i
    ooueqcnoBe'lecfixx ycTa losot\. npu StoM BorlbHO t4rt4
    '.t HcBoJbHO np,.t3blaa,
    ll!'raTerlet cJlenoBarb BHeBpeMeHHbtM HpaBctBeHH6r!1 ucEHo.TrM
    Cvblc,,rog!l!
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    3aecB
    yrBepx4aercr coeerc^"' haeq o 6oarcKoM coo3e nporefaprlara,4
    hDe.TbrH-
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    6",,r",*,
    rlocJre paHerus npoAorps4nxRa pa6ouero Muxaaaa, "",;;;;;;;
    rzcnbjrr,rBa.a K roHorrre
    BnoJrrJe oreqecKue gyBcrBa. C Apyrori cropoHbr,
    B o6pa3e faBp{nH lllonoxo,
    E1:=
    BbrM nOla3aH6 r'lyrIrUUe CfOpOdLI <nOKOJic{t1,
    OTj]OB.: .OCtpaAaqUe, COqVB-
    CTBue, -o_ToBqocTh noAapxlb oTUos.Kvto jro6oeo vyNaxy,
    np"n"ro *u*
    cBoero. 14 crpora-npoaorpranrr(, He orcrynarcb "aonpo.
    or cBolrx y6ex4enrzia,
    Hr,rKaerc.a 6raroaapHocrbro K cnaclllllM ero
    craplKaM, crapaerc, noMoqb l{u
    3aao6po. OH, nycrb Helraaorro, B(rrorraerc, B napa_
    ll-1lll1l]i"1 "***16
    AlraMy ceMetHo-poAcrBeHdErx oTHoueHrri, Koropue, no vuc,rn
    aaropa, saNnee
    cour4?r'rbr$rx r.r MnpoBosepenvectrax paaar.rsr.ri
    <aoIlcKI'Ie pacc(a36r>
    - floBecTBoBaHue o (pyrxeHrzr{ npexEero Mllpono_
    psAKa, o (p!l3rce xrz3Hr, BoccraHoBjreHlre r(oropofi
    aarop nrz4ar a cne4oranrjn
    r,rcKoEHbrM (aTefopnrM ao6pa, Far4MonoHri Man{r, pa6o;6r
    Bo lrMr 6yAyulerc.
    104
    Mt_f
    JTa 3flrrqecRar npo6,leMaTrr(a, cBr3ar

    TCH
    ts fo,dor., Mepe pacKpolsaerc,
    rs pola;r:::;i;J:ilx;";:;"":""* *",,.
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    -' "' B ocHoBe
    pacuript"lct'
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    '43-
    - u""oor"a"r,"a ao9'
    noar'rrHHbre ob,''it u qep(o'iaxx Borncva-r ryas6a
    rpxrop q N4crexosa B
    r.'aBH_oro reDoq
    )TbI n,' xaona,rn,s Lp,,,a-""".'-;o;; i;0"3111,;;;3;H::I"ffi
    " #JT#:J
    :::-:i:::l-lT -l**,x,
    Ha-
    ralc r.r Ha cropote yrracrur&os BepxHe-Aoncroro
    'oM m3-;-

    :i#:h,r::::f ""*x:J"T::::'ffi ::lx:l,:ffiffi l'"1,; j:;i#l


    Ba- *"8Jf#
    ff :f :l:HiJ:"J:tr*: :H:f"T:nff J"f""fi*i*i:::;fl?:
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    co6crseuuoro Aocro_
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    IbIII :::l:L:i:*",,.","""""o"""
    x^e'y-rypqan*y,
    l'np;'::tf il:;::#H,1?*1 :"":?:";
    qro xyrop ne np"nrruleO,
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    *pr** q;y,
    ult-
    HpaBcrrenruu rjgeaaav (ceoa """"", "";;i,
    npo*o6rri
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    oro
    lioaa, SacTaBM y"ogrr" ,s ao" npaBlbllJ qruei noi,n'
    tr;t#:
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    ue- ruajexoBbt - cer4b9 cpeAHeto Aoara1(a,
    lM]{
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    rBa- Ho coorBercrBue ero noBeAe_
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    )llle rpyaa Ha 3eMre Bo rrM'
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    n"ro*i'J"'f;#;n::1ff:#:;":*Hi
    IYB- Crpeuacr- no,nnee orpa3arb rupoAHoe so3Harille
    IlaK r,r nperepneBaeM6re rrM
    nepeMellbl, l[o.]roxoB o6pauaerc.a r< xasaqreiry
    rpo_ :evaeae_41'JecrqA,r Jt{ !a
    Oor"*ropv, * ipua"qrrrr"r"
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    rpa_ (4OXA,-CeBa, BCaAHUKA-CO,THUe),
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    nplrpo4Hoia r
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    na"prr"p, n"p"oii ,"pouort uo*r,"
    )no- B-polJa'e coorBercrByer 3acyxa, npoK,lrri*
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    u^ruru. arp;;;;.p"r;,
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    cooTBeTCTOyet aolo""v qrrnrr", o"eoniao
    105
    yM[paH,lr !r BeceirHeao Bo3poxaed[r, olanoco(brrr rpnpoad, yxoasulas (op- Jyuroii 6oa
    HrMlt B TpaaurlroHHbte 3eNrrelenbrrecKue aepoBaHr.i.s, HeceT
    BaxEyro cMltcr'lo, oc03HaBaTb
    Byrc Harpy3ray, o6ocHoBr,rBag Bepy aaTopa ri repoeB B (orieqHoe 6raroaaTHoe ero xapaKTe
    pa3pelreHlre KoEQnr{KToB u BoccTaHoB,/reHr.re yTpaqeHHoil rapMoHxr-I, .rrqHyro oTa
    Oco6yo po,rb B poMaue urparoro6pa3br 3eMnu u AoHa. 3eM,'rr leHTp KaBa- r xu3H xc
    .rlei scere[noii, ]Knsxu 6ea:eruu, 6es pa6our na neii xaeax ce6e ne npeAcrag- np14ao,49T el
    ,'raer. 3eNran <soeer> Ka3aKoB c BoiHbr, 3a Hee orrrt 6hrorcr c BparoM, lllonoxoB
    pacKpr,rBaeT cyTb rcpecTbrHcKoro MtrpoBo33peH s, o6btlcHtrs, noqeMy 6opb6a \apora 3a y
    sa <.B.naAexrIeaeMttei> Ha noHy B [ep]roA rpax4ancxori npuo6pe,ra rar<oii o:rce, ts poAHOq A(
    cTo.{eHHbrii xapa(Tep. AoH cr,rMBoI (a3a,rbei ayrnu, a eljle 6yp,'t1.iBM, cr.urb, renno- (Dar
    Hzul peKa oJ1r1qerBopeEae MHoaoruKoil .re,1oBe.recKofi cyAb66r. y AoHa Ha.rx,
    - ul!oHHbix lI'
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    poMaHa, fplllopril nepexo4ur {on, r.1 3To cnyrr{fiT KocBeHHbrM y(a3aE[eM
    Ha [epexr4BaeMyro rM ayxoBEym nepeMeHy,
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    RHyrb HapoaHbrri xapa(Tep rlpol{3BeaeHur - lr oH Bbr6[paeT a,1r 3arnaBns o6pa3
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    - 1. B '{eM
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    Ho <Tr.rxrfi IoIl> r r
    aro erqe Meqra repoeB o Mxpe rapMoHt u, (oropbrMlt 2. KaKfiel
    aor'rxlrbr 3aBeprur4Tbcr Bce nepeycTpoicTBa 11 KaTaKrr3Mlr, B xoae Bcefo rroBe-
    cTBoBaHnrIpuropnii MerexoB MeqeTcr, crpacTHo )Kerar AocTxqb <Ttrxoro 3.9roo6.
    ,{oua> roro cocro*rxr o6qecrBa, s KoropoM 6yayr peueHbr Bce npo6reMr,r '-lotscKlre pa
    r ero MerexHas HaTypa HafiaeT ce6e ycnoKoeHue. B o6pa3e <6aTrouKx,AoHa> 4. Ka(ue
    \1. [IonoxoE
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    5. O6arcr
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    TaKZ!9 Xe HeC6ErTOqHat MeqTa, KaK I,I l(OMMyHl13M.,, 3TO OCO3HaHrie nplrAaeT
    -
    ocTpoTy 3fioxar61iofi Tpareauu. B poMaHe HeT oaHo3HarJHoro npr4Hirlr ltr!,r
    He[prrtrTrls peBor'Irollr.r, B HeM Br']paxeEo MHoroo6pa3ne Torre( 3peHrrg.
    1.Ilosru!
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    lirylioB oaxEaKoBo xecTo(r, o6a onn t{rsyT I{e no BaponHbrM npaBcTBeHHbrM, 3. Ipo6n,
    a no <NlaccoBbrM> 3ar(oHaM, 3TuM oHr fipnEqrillrjanbno oTrrfiamTcg oT fpx- ,loH'.
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    KpacHbIX C 6e,'IbIMIZ, a B CTOr'IKHOBeH'TI lraTpfapxar'IbHOrO KpecTbtHc(oro
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    E 6. CKopoc
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    u noqr[ Bce MeJrexoBbr, O6pa3 fprzropus npeAcraer o&.ruerBopeHfieM o6qe- 2,5. TBol
    napoAnofi cy4r6u. On repoii-npae4olr cKaren6, poxAeHH6rfi erqe rclaccHqe-
    cKoit rnreparypoii. Merantg xa:axa MexAy crallaMu npoa{KToBaHbr Bbrco-
    (1rMr{ fipaBcTBeHssrMr,r Tpe6oBaFUrMrr, koropsre oH npea6rBrseT ( xlI3ltu:
    <OEu Bororor,,{1o6br r,rM r'r}ryrlle xlrrb, a M6r 3a cBoto xopoll]ylo xu3Hb BoeBMrr...
    BxArio, KTo Koro oAojreer, Tor roro tf coxper,,, A r Apyry@ npaBAy rcKa.J1. IyAoi{ecTB(
    106
    )p- .]yurori 6o,rror, ry4a-croAa (aqaJrcr,..> ABTop
    Haaerrer fpriropr' cBoiicrBoM
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    oTcrcaa ero on6IT6I B caiublx pasHbtx nonyJltpllblx ant Toro BpeNleltu xcaHpo_
    o6qe Bbrx QopMax rl crriJltx, Kprl'rrlxn orne.ra,ru uuoroo6pa3[e B"'Ir,lrrHr'Iia Ha []rca-
    ierr, oco6eEHo BbraerrE B6AejlcrBte AocroeBc(oro. OaEaKo yxe B noEecrqx,
    Map- norBr4Blrl{xcr B 1923-1924 rr.,3aMer[o 6bIJIo o6perenl{e InM 14 cBoei:i TeMbr,
    topo- ri cBoero crr.rr'rr. B noBecrt <KoEeu MeJIKoro qeroBera> (1924) "tleoHoe,qar
    ' STOT cBoi:i Bapralrr cyab6ll <MaJreHbl(oro qeroBeRa>, t3r'Io6reEHoro pyccK]'rr{t
    nrlcaTertMl,l, novecluB elo B po\oBHe o6cToqlPnbflBa flocr'lFpeaoloLro l-
    Horo BpeMeE . B apyrofi noBecril - <fleryxrlrxltHc(Iri, nporoM> (1922-1923)
    nrcaTerlb noaouer'I ft oTo6paSeE[r] Toro, Ra( B Hapoar$rx Eeapax Bbl3leBaeT
    Bfpyr 6yHl, a B <3anucrx KoBrl{tHa> (1924) rlol<a3an nport'IBopeqrjBylo, oano-
    e)KItr'I 3peilreEHo KocEyrc 1r floJrHyro cBoei co6cTBeHHoii npenecTn, xr€ri6 pocc!'IficKoii
    C,ro- rry6ultKr.r Ma3aMu ee rreronucqa - Mecrltoro xI{TeJlt. 3tr reuu 6yayr eo:_
    jlrrr(aTb r.r B 6o,tee no3AHI4x flpox3BeaeHtigx,
    iyrlra- iIInpoKyo nolyrtpHocrb !l llpLr3llanr4e 'ileonoBy IlprjEecr4 ero PoMaHI'I,
    B (OTOpbIX, (a( CqUTaeTCJI MHOlI,lMrl, B6BpeBaJII'I OCHOBII XaHpOBOTI CIiCTeM6I
    coqfa{rrcr{qecKoro peanr43Ma. no (pai}refi Mepe, r'IIo6r{MlIe mrcaTeneM npoTtt_
    3OnOCTaBreE[9i nPnpoaEoia c1fixru',r - i4 qer'IoBeqec(oro pasyMai lonbflriqbl
    11S
    r4 opraHfi3yronlefi Bor''rrr, npoluloro - t HacTosr{ero-6yAyrlero - cT:u[t KJIlo- leMbHocTet
    qeBbIM In9 MHOTOX npo l3BeAehUt coBeTcKOu n lepaTypbr 9TOrO flepkoIa, |raT6'reTBepK
    Oanarco ecrur nucarer['coqpeaJrlcrbr ornaaa,ra 6eayc,roouoe npeanolrrer{e 3Para, ynoa(
    pa3yMy r-{ opraHn3ylolqet BoJre nepeA <<r(ocH6lMr> c4raMu flprpoAirbrx cTxxni lio3BoJlteT l,l
    rz qeJroBegecK x crpacrert, a <repolseckoMy Hacrorqeily> 1, <cBernoMy 6y,qy- i:olr cTporrj)!
    nleMy, - aepea <MpaqHHM npoErbrMr, Haxoar oT Herq B ceroaHrlrneM aEe O cBt3li
    oAIt[ <flepexlrrKl,D, To ,rleoHoB cKopee EoKa3blBaer AuajleKTl,tqecxyto B3aI,IMo-
    craat a aaar.rnoo6ycnoB.[eHHocrb gTux fioJ'I-qpttbtx Haqa.rl, He oTAaB:uI npearlo- H. .[. ,t1e:iiA
    qTeErlq ueJ1r,l(oM o,4HoMy r.r3 Hr.rx,
    Ha ra(oro poaa onno3nqrjrx 6brJr [ocrpoeH repBb]i poMan nlcarer''rr <6trp- aaxel4, xccJ
    cgK1t. ( 1924\, B ne{rpc Koroporo rcroput xpecTbtHcKoii BorbHnubl, np!,.Ie^l
    nporfiBocrorr{ue 6parbeB CeMeHa rI naBra Pax"'reeB6d - Bo(Aa {pecr6sEc(oro iaHueM fny
    BoccraH q I,r 6onbueBrrKa, 3To He ToJrbr(o 6opb6a npeAcTaBuTerefi AByx pa3-
    HHX COUhaibfibtx rpynn, pa3Hb x noHrMaHhtl xLtHlt, 3To cTorKHoBeHue ayultt 6u-ro 6eaycr
    ,r pa3yMa, ropoAa x aepeBfln, rlpupo,4br 11 quBfi ,I3aqxr,r B ]rx t 3BeirHoM nporn-
    BocrogHl,Irz, A 06 onacfiocrqx 3apoxAaroqeficr B HeApax 6or'lb reBq3Ma Trpa-
    Euu npeAy[pexAaer Bpo4e 6u va,'ro cna:annatr c crcxerHoit Jtr,tHreii poMaHa il r [o6ea!
    BcraBHar HoBerJra <flpo Her.rcroBoro Kara$ara>. floc,'re ryquero r.r3 cBohx
    AoBoeHHbrx nporj3BeAeHnii, poMana <Bop> (1927),,{eonoa yenercr pa6oroit =ieJbHoto
    Anrearpal nepepa6ora"'r B nbecy poMaH <Eapcy(u> (1925-1927), HarLLraNr = ripacraBoi
    nocne B
    pgA opr{nxfturbHbrx ApaMaryprxgecKltx npolIsBeAext4fr
    - <y]rr[roBc$ (1927).
    <lpoBr'lHqraarhnar rcropur> (1928), <VoolpeHre 6aaa4ol]IxrEa> (1929).
    E r 3aBep

    Ero poMaH <Comb> (1930) He coBceM BepHo ipnutrcta:trv x o6pasqo- ,:963) u <3
    BLIM llpI,tMepaM TaK na3bIBaeMOtO <<npOI3BOACTBeIIHOIO pOMaHa> - OAHOTO
    .r,:,:tcrr <.E
    u3 BeAyulr4x colpearficfl.rrrec(rx xaHpoB, I4croprjn crporzrelrcrna 6yvax-
    relrpeHHei
    Horo I(oM6[HaTa Ha 6eperax TaexHofi peli Corr, 6rr;ra Aaa aeropa ,'ruu$ neo6- ir\!-ie, B u€
    xoAr.rMHM ooHoM Inrr lrccreAoBaHltr nor'lrpEocreii lyIIIr qerroBer€ r o6qe-
    iei:a avrrrJ
    crBeEEbrx nporr]Boperr[ii, He rBn.rercr npocrbrM <poMaHoM o Mtrpe EayRLt
    poMaH <Cl(yrapeBcKniir (1932), IloBecTByloutuil o ApaMe )r.reHoro, y Koroporo
    {x ra nporr
    !i:riixeprnr
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    ne o <HacrorureM 6orbueBrrxe> poMaE <,Iopora Ha OKead> (1935), IJIaBHbxi
    fap3roHos
    report Koroporo [oKa3au 6o,rr,ue e nporunocrorHrjri cMeprerbHoi 6o,'r$Hrr, rreN
    3-r:6 i+ieHll]
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    rI To, arTo6br aBTop 3anpocro o6rqaaca co ceoxM repoeM, TeM 6oree - repoer!
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    Eoe ropxecrBo KoMMyl ,rcMa Ha Bceft 3eN{J'Ie. KpIlTlIKL noqyBcrBoBa.rtt [oABox
    B poMaHucrr,rKe rrleoHoBa, Jll]IlreHnoitr oAHo3HaqHofi reHAeEqrjo3Hocr[, Tax rrro
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    (bopMy r,r Br,rcry[ar rraBflbrM o6pa3oM (a( ApaMarypr, aBrop ra(r,lx rr6ec, Kax
    <IloroBqaHcKne caAbr> (1938), <Bo"1p (1938), <Merenb> (1938), <O6b!xso-
    Benlibli qenoBe(r (1941), <HadecrBre> (1942), <JldHyrxKar (1943), <3ororat
    (aperar ([epB. pea.1946). B[poqeM, 3a ]rbecy <,Mererbr, anreropu.recKoe oro- O iHa'{l
    6paxexne arMoqlepu crpaxa u ayneBHoro pacnaaa B CTpaHe CoBeroB, rrlrca-
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    HaxoArd cloco6 o6ocHoBarb EecoorBercrBne xyAoxecrBeHEoi ].r o(pyt(aoqeii 3:: a ;tt
    '120
    I (./rrc- , peaJ,r_blrocrefi: TaKJ B
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    123
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    124

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    131
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    132
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    133

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    6rlorpa(;ul> ( 1 954). Pe.tttt:oa il. M. C

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    544-_557.

    143
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    148
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    149

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    151
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    152
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    153
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    157

    :i:'irj't:l:i.-,r
    <.fopora,> (1938), <Ce.irr,cnax xpoH14Ka> (1939) <,3atopbe,, (1941). B noc:re- ,{I{311EHH\IIO I
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    rra\,rrrrr{> (1966-1969, ou'y6-rr. 1987) no3r oc\,lbrcitI,IBaer cra-/II,IIICKyIo oroxy, TO|O, KaK llpr.]
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    158
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    159
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    161
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    163
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    104
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    166
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    187
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    xryrc CyAb5y: (lll BHoBb 5u,r apecroBan <<3a KoHrppetso"lloUl4orlHylo TpoI]K]rCr- xraa6nut
    cKylo AefreJIbI{ccrb)> .t4 o(lyxAeH Ha IIflrb ner Iarepeii, B 1943 l. K tlpexHel\'Iy LLh.rpc
    ilO6asu1w nOautti, Ha AT(f:t pa3 AeCtITl'Ii'IerHufl CpOK aIITI'ICOBCTCKyIO afla-
    <<3a B I'OAL,I <<I
    -
    TaLILT1O>>, rlagruueCxtr 3a To,
    rlTo iIa3BaI 3l,IurpaiITa Eyunna BeiluKlll1 pyCCKI'IM CTBII' OK

    fr HCa lene\1. c'ra-rlu BbI


    tr4s ecex i,I3IleCTHblx e.B'l'opOB .,tat'epHoit IIpcl3bI ero TyJIaIOBCKLII'i olIbIr - Cnon
    canrtrfi irpoAoJ,IxuTeIbIIHfi LI TtIx{Kl4Ii: oH rpyAI,IJriC.s B KoInIMCKI'IX 3oJlorblx (1e6s) I
    t{ yror,rbHblx llzL66flx, Ha 3e}lJIsHLtx paSOrax 11 JIeCO3arOToBKax B 1949 r., llop0.{rlB]
    no CrIaCTJrr4Bor,{y CTerIe}tLI}o o6CTo.tlTe.rIbCTB CTaB narepultl't Se,rr4luepoN{, rypurre (
    IllanaltOn,1lO eto CIOBa.M., no[a,l Ha <<J]eCHylO KONIaIIA]1pOB(y)> I'I <<BCe CtsO5OA- HOCTbrc,
    HOe BpeNLB tII4CaJI: na o(i<lpore C1'apblx pellenrypllblx Kllllr, Ha Io'TIOCKax O5e- yN,rep,
    - l

    prounoii 6ylrzLra, Ha Kalil'tx-ro KyJIbKax...> T"VpHYTO (

    I4s narep.q ero oceo6icAI4JIIIB 1951 r., llo eule ABa foAa HCJIb3.s 6ltao nont'r- .nafepr{, u

    ,-...'.,. Aarr Ko.rrtrnrl,. Kor4a. )K(1, lraKor{eu, KaTop)Ir}irrii xpar? ocTancfl 3a Ilflea{a}Ih' HOCTLI r'11

    113-3a 3anpeTa xIIrL a NIocKne LIJa,raiuosy IIpHLIIJIoCb yCTpol'1TbCfl areH- IIO I'IbIC,1
    roivr rro CHa5x(€)HIIrc lta ropQopaspa6orxax s Ka.;tilufiucltofi o6nacru. B eror ,rIuHIl4fl,
    ilepr{oA oH riiarraJr pa6ory HaA rrpoH3BeAeHI4sr4H, cocraBl4lltrt{rlt{ <<Ko.rlbIN{- CTBO OqC

    cxne paccrcaar,r,> (195,4* 1973). ,Ihrrut iloc,re pea5uJrurauuu (1956) llla,larvton rrpsr{oe l
    BepHyJIcg B C'IO,'II{Uy, cIIycTtl roA cTan BHeIIITaTIIbIM KoppecfloHAeHro]',I xyp- <<.rItlTepa'

    Hara' <<Mocgriar>. Ho uIe,BHbIe ero t'BopqecKl4e ycrpellJleiIl{.a 5ltrtt cnqeauL't


    :,
    CTBA)> I,I,

    C pa6oTOIi y124 <.Ko.tlrl,toxl4Mu paCCKa3aN,ILl,>, OHu B I4Tore CoCraBIl'[I4 i]Iecrb !la.II>HO (

    c6opuqxon (rcuur), o6lr:AuHeHulrx o5ureii rervrori: <,Ko.nntr'tcxlte paccxa3bI>, IIOCTb TlE


    <r,{eebrit 5eper>, <.Ap'rrCr lronarbl>>, <,Oqeprrr [pecryIlilolo Nlupa>, <,BOCXpe- foaol
    ireHne r,rucrBelrHrruslr;, <,llepuarKa, HJII'I KP-2>. B CCCP npu x(II3Hu aBropa cKa3bl)).
    efo nafepHafl [po3a H3 ]leqaTaJ'Iaci,. OTe.IeCTBeHIIONI]' llllTaTe.rlio oH ecJlH u 6un .letuur-'r
    r.{3BeCTeH, TO.7Il'IlIlb KaK [i]3T - aBTOp KHHfI4 Crl'lXOTBOpeIIlIii <<O|HLIBO> (1961) .narepirol
    OAHo ns caMbix 3HaM.eHareJrbHbrx rroarrlrlecKr{x Ilpou3Be[eHufi LLIa,laMoea - pa3 H F,l e

    noaMa <.AeBa.KyN{ s llr,,c:rosepcxer> (1955), n roropofi, xax orl\'Ieqaii aBTop, rraeT ts p


    <(ucropr4lrecxnii o6pas ,3oeAHHeH... c oco6cHHocrrINII4 aeropcxoil 6t'torpa0lttl,>. xo.{fltr{t.I1
    CaOe 4yxorHo,3 poACrnC, C nporotlonoll ABBaKyNIOM, n XVII B. ColI()KeHlIbIM
    i.
    r cparro
    qenoBeK I'IHoia, lIcuxo.rIC
    Ha KOCTpe 3a peBHoCT'IlyK) 3arUtlTy ApeBHero 6Jraro'{ecrufl, aBrop,
    CoBeTCKoII aIIot{H, ox{yLUaeT fIoToNIy, rITo BI'IAI{T B Hel{ He penulllo3Horo AorMa- 3aAaqa
    TuKa, 5nrcCT11T,3I.B CTtlpOrO npaBOCnaBHOI-O Kal{OHa, a npexAe BCerO flpOCrHoIo OTIIECCfl

    rrporr.rBHHKa .nrc6ux Sopu nopa6ouleuus qeJloBeKa, 6yHrapa, BoCCraBUIeIo K TO\'1\/, '

    188
    tl,ll'€r.qNI llOCBfl- rrporr,lB Tex, nro llpHCB;rr,lBilel ce5e [paBo Jrrlluarb lrcAefi cBO6oAbi
    )rrofAa> (11971 ).
    t;
    - llyxoB]rori
    u Qrasuuecxoii. Il noaue roJToca repo-q 14 aBTopa cJ,rr4Barorcr{, u noror,ry Mor{o-
    6oraa sa. Ko)Ko- i rol ABBaKyN{a 3ByqHT crT ilepBoto .ilLrua MHortecrBeH}roro rrucJTa: <Haur cnop
    lercKofo rrpaBa He.4vxoBrrbrfi i r) Bo3parlTe KHU1. f Halx cnop -
    - He uep(osnufi / o ro.rrsse
    ) B r4Froe pycJro, Bepur, / Haru cilop
    1929 r.3a pac;- -_ !r cno5o4e, / O npane AbrirrarbJ / O aone focnoauefi /
    Bsaarl u perxalb...> llooua <,AnsaKyN,r s llycrosepcxe> iloKasbrBaer, qro yxe
    lLMa K C:be3Ay> B Haqa-7le pa6ortr ua4 <,Ko.rtrMcKtrMrl paccxa3aN,rr4>>, TTTa421,,1gs OcOenasaJr
    Ce6r{
    repcKorvr .[atepe iloc"[eAoBare"/reN'r nporonor]a ABBaKyMa, Koropofo ilpHrr.rrro crlr4Tarb
    <<po{oHa_
    TBeHHbrx ItepH- qa!'rbHr4KoM uoeoft pocc.niicxoii cJroBecHocrn, BOJTbHOT-o o6pasHoro cJroBa, HC11O-
    3or,{. B 1936 r. re4anrnorl [po:3br>>.
    \,repTr,r AoKTOpa lloc,re4Hrae rpr4 roAa Ntu3Hr{ llrjcarerb npoBeJr B AoMC
    :ccui1, B .tr(r.r3Hlr AJrrr tlpecl.ape./rblx.
    B annape 1982 r. ero orrrpaBrrn, B uHTepH ar ilIrtr ncuxoxpoHr.KoB, Ho no
    e cfo AajlbHerl- Aopore
    oH rrpocryArtrctr u BCKope cxoHr{ancfl. lloxopouen LLianaMos ua KytruescxoN.l
    Hyro rporlKrlcr- x,nal6urue.
    f. K rrpe)KHer,r)/ [Lluporyro I,raBecrr]ocrr, B Poccr4H TBoprrccrBo rrr.Icare,,r_rr [orTyqr4no ,rIHrrIb
    roBeTCKylo arr4- B foAbr <.nepecrporlKl4>, KOiAa rleH3yprrr,re 3a[perbr r4 I4AeOnOruqecKHe
    npen.qr-
    HKr4M pyccKtlr,r crBufl. oKoHrtareJrbHo p),,xr.t./-{r.r. To,rlrco ror/Ia, no nropott noJToBr.rHe 1gB0_x
    rr.,
    cr air Ll BbrxoArlTrb c5opn r.r x u ero Ko"ribrMcxori rpoar,r.
    acrcr4l? OIbtT - Cnou xy/IoxecrBeHr{bre npHHqHnbr TITaaal,,roe H3r,rorir{r,r B crarbe <,O npose>
    icKI4X 30iIoTbIX. (1965). rlo ero c./roBaM, )l)( s., BeK oKoHrrarer,rr,Hofo <<KpyureHus ryN{aHr,r3N,{a)>,
    :ax. B 1049 r. [opoAr{BUrr.Ifi oCneuuralr, Xupocnuy u fyrAf, cAeJraJr aHaxpoHH3MOM ,'rr,lrepa-
    rDe,,rtIlirepola, TypHbre $opiuu ilpeAUrerlrB.yron{ux crorerlrr,i, oco6eHHo po*ruu c efo onucareJ,jb-
    r,I <(BCe Cno5oA- HOCTbIO, AUAaKTLtqHOCTbITf, BbIIvIbIIIIJTeHI{bIMll CIo}I(eTaNIH il tepO.rIMr{.
    <,POl,taH
    noiroc(ax o6e- )/Mep, - nuca-[ ]I]a,{al,ros. -- tr4 rrr,rxaxa tr cuJra B N,{r.Ipe He BocKpecHr ary ,Turepa-
    rypHyro @opr'ly.Jlo4xirr, nporrreArur4lvr peBo.rrloqlru, eofiHlr, (oHueHlpauuoHrrbre
    s.q 5lr.no IoKr.r- r'Iarep.[, Her Aena,{o poi\'{alItt)>. Ha cir'teHy apxa]4rlHbrll B KoureKCTe uosolt pea-[b-
    fl3a frJreqaMH, Hocrr.{ nHTeparl/pHnru rfopluanr, 1ra cN,leny orrficare,,rbHoii <.fisJinerprjcrt{xc>,
    )oI4TbCrI ateH- rlo ]VIL,ICJIH TlTa,ral,rona, !,o.rrj{(ila npufiru <<HoBa.fl [po3a>
    i.racria. B aror JII4HHAfl' C AOKV,\{EHT?JL,H,f,]1 TOqHOCTbIO OTPAXCEHHA-q
    - He BbrMbrceJ,l, a rIoA-
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    )56) lllarrarroa [p.flMoe yqacrze ;rBTOpa B
    -
    c(]5brruflx xu3Htr{>. HOSaq ilpo3a r,lcx,.rroqaer BCrrxvro
    HAeHroIl )Kyp- t <<JIIlTeparypHoc'f [r>), Ha3 t4ra.TeJ]bHOCTb, ,rrc6rte ,anyaaruar{HE}re <<yKpaauraro-
    )bIi-II,I CB.q3aHbl t
    crtsa)> rr, Hanporl/tB, npeAroJTalaer acpopucrr4qHocrb c.Trl,Jltl, CTpOryrc, NlaKCU-
    T2]B],I"[II I]IECTI] l,Ia.irbl{o o6terrr.rrrr.rpoBaHrr}'rc Mauepy iloBecrroBalrrlr. npocrory rr
    ecrecrBeli_
    11€ pzccKll3br>, Hocrb l'IHToHauI4 TorlHocrl) AerarI{, cloxerHylo 3aBepmeH}rocrb.
    tr4,
    pa,>, <<BocKpe- foeopa o Honofi npo3e, llla,rarloe r4r,reJ B Br.rAy r{ csou <.KonbrN,rcxr,re pac_
    x{Lr3Hr4 ai}Topa cKa3bl>>. Orita uOcrpoeHll Ha AoKyrvleHTaJlnuofi ocnoae, onuparorc.q
    ira jvrHoro-
    oH ecnH v.r 6ttn .aernl.ri;i aarepri.urfi orrbrr aBTopa, Bocco3,4alor troa,rrr.lHHbre o6cro.Br€r-rbcrBz
    'Hr.1Bo> (1961). .{afepHoro 6ttrus,l.rranurrrii fepoft, ts KOTopOr\{ yraAbrBaercfl.caM aBrop, Hocr4r
    Llla,raNrosa
    - pa3Hr,Ie r4MeHa '- Au4pee,n, fo,ry6ea, Kpllcr, CaeoHos, Ho rrarrle
    oH Bbrcry-
    rN,Ieqa,,I auTop, IIACT B PO;TU 6CSSIUflHHCIIO PACCKA3I]I,IKA
    i 6r.rorpa(rurr,>. - CBI4/ICTCJI'I UJIU YuACTHI4KA IIPO],1C-
    xotrflullix co5rrrn,ia. Prac1,s1 .[arepHyro xr43Hb, LLla,ral,ros arplrrrra, He roJ,rbxo
    i. COX)I(CHHbIN,f rc rlarcrorpa(ruvecxorl AocroBeprrocrr,l, Ho 14 K loqHocru rr,rpaxceHr.rfl qvBCT.B,
    r{e.rtoBeK uHofi,
    ICLIXOJ'IO|HI4 neprCOnaXefi. ,,\erOp <.KO.IUyCXHX paCCr(a3OB> tOBOpHJ,r, r]TO
    efo
    o:lHoto ^{c)t},ra- 3aAatra AO5nrbC.q, qror5t,r qr4Tarexb, rroBep6ts B pea./ri,Hoc.1u ,ro6pu*aeN,tOrO,
    ero flpocTHOfO
    -
    orHecc, K ilporrurairso11417 ri() Xax x r.ru@opN,rauur4, Aarcqepi nr.rrlly lI.[_fl yr\,ra, a Ka}(
    IJOCCl'AB I]ICI'O K TONIy, rlTO Bbi3llllaeT C€piIOqHOe CO[epex(HBaHL{e.

    189
    <rKoJtbtucKue pta:,cc$a3tr>>, KaK Ir KIIIlla Co:rxertt'tut'lua <'Apxltnerar lilIKal
    gHqI4KnOIleAHr{ Jlarepltoro ivtupa, 11oCTpoe}IHafl 1ro 1rpHHIII{tly N'Io3a- I. IIOT
    I'yjtAf>, -.
    .1pr,1 (
    t.ii
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    .
    ;.
    t{TO :rarepb y ILIa'lal'tOSa IIoJI}OC )CTAI
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    rl.
    a6co,trcrnofo 3ira, B KOTOpONI Her tr FTai\,IeKa iIa rlPot{BrleHl'le HpaBCTBeHHOIO i ii.-t1,1

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    HarlaJ,la, rAer ilpolrcxo,Ar'IT JrI4LlIb pacrJlerllle H
    KaTelOpUqII(l: )aoo
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    TaK oAHO3r-{agHo B <<KO,'IblN,ICKI,IX paccKa3ax>. iltsL
    !fo[Ho>>" Bnpoueu, He BCe ....ot
    llosuaxoMl{Bultlcb B HarIaJte 1960-x lr. C qacrblo <(KoJIbI\'lCKIIx paCCKil-
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    3OB)> B
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    LlJaaaltony rrgcal'b ee COBNIeCTHo,
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    C 5eCnpan-
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    qblil Bocrrei,r BoccTatrue 3aKITOueHHLIX KeHrqpc6oro nafepfl, lllaaatttoe K Te1le
    paCCKa3e <tlIoC;teA-
    BOOpy6eHHOTO CIOTtF,OTI4BJ'IeHI4.q 3aKJIloqeHHbIx O6paTunCfl B
    Hr4it 6ofi ivlaitopi] [lyraueea> (1959). llpr arolt ecJII'I ConxeHul1blH cl]llraer
    qTO ecrb l{CK-{rcqeHI{X (<tAx, necl
    COrrpOTi,IB.iIeHt{e ILipaHtllJ Hop\{ol)i, Co}Kailefl,
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    190
    )x14fIeJ,lal. HHKaMi'r>. 3ru arc.r{n, Fre 3ilaBlrue ga
    co6clfi, Hlitaror:i Br.rHbr nepeA focyAapcrlloN,I,
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    aTbCfl Ko3bero po4a (<.llporqar)i, I'rc,rlcapr,r>, 1966), Porara.q N{arb-o,,reH}rxa (<,Eenrrii
    o qelr ilapoxoA>>, 1970), Bonquua ArcSapa (<.fl"raxa,>, 1986). floaruxa uufra ro3Bo-
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    IOBA.

    197
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    198
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    199
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    205
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    209

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    KaccHprrra / e nor.yxpyfJ'roN4 OBa,,re oxoure.{Kal'> (<,cy:4anrcxa.q 60roiuarepb...>>,
    1970).
    ApxlrrexrypHoe o6pas,cBaH,e A. BosueceHcKoro Aaer 3Harb o ce5e e ero
    c'rHxax: oHu Bcernii .Kol{rroltuurroHHo tsbrcrpoeHrr.
    [;u ero rrosTrlKH Xapa6TepeH
    oco6ui,i pLlTN4LrqecKrrrl pucl,r'r<, or.rrHqaroulur.ica <.pe,rre@uocrsrc,>. B-xy;rnrru-
    I{auHoHHble t\4oN,IeFITbr nooT Ho ycH-[HBaer BByqaHI4e, a, Hao6opor. ilpr4rJrryuaer
    ero. Pu(;r'roBKa BoilHeceHCKOrO -qpKa n HeojiKHAaHHa. BarcHarr oco6esuocrs
    rro3l'HKrr 3TO|O aB',rrlpa t{frotoqHc.rreHHbre BHy'rpeHHI,le purpurr, 3B\rKoBbre
    -
    lloB'ropbl. cuaqa-,taL I] TeKCTe BO3HI4Kaer pn(tiuenHoe aoruyrra, ,or"n,
    oHo IIOI{-

    211
    xBal'blBaerc.il NIHot'orIl.ICJIeHrIr,rMlr or3ByKatv{n rHyr.pr{ IIocneAyroxlLrx
    cl.poK, IICNO]II
    MIIOXaCb I,1 ayKa.scb, Kiil{ 3XO.
    Basonr,re qeprn u cpoplru, !1 ,3oAep)KaH,rr II[I'. A
    rro3Tr4,tu BoarrecencKoro .sp*o
    pacKpbrBarc)rc.q B cT r4xorBopeHuH <.C)rpunrHe> ( 1964). IleIocT
    lo Bos
    B pr:rrcr cnoto l
    f i1H, IOBtrlr,t{it pa3ileBaeTCfl i1\'pr..,
    Cet
    Peny?
    Irl,ru pexyr i\.rHe r..ta3a lpoxeK|opa? -le.rla H,
    Ee,r
    IIIa t(r cplt raer) rxaJ,r b cAr{paer, r,r rtuypv. 3CCEI{C
    Kan cgr.tparor. c arreJrbcr.rrJa r{o)lryp).. HA,q IIP

    A s rrasax roclca raKa.fl, KaK y rrrlll.


    E. I
    3ro r rar req lra3br Baercrl <<c.r.p14II.rr.j3 >. nori apr
    I{AJ']I'IC1
    ilrp,,iuren'r'arreq. Il 6ape ;rucu rrr,r lr cB rrcr, xox{Aer
    Kax nnqsxn, IloJlbcIl
    fJIa3KU lIb.gHlt q Ha.iII{,[LJCI].
    i)ro.r plr;nu fi , xan o6.il.qnanHlu)i xe,rlr<ol,r, Axua,t
    llue g i\rarfi qecxu Nl 14 cxoAltT rvro_,roL.ttolt !
    (no;rrr
    fo'r', xax H"[orl, IIO3TCC
    -
    HI,IJIZI ,I
    :[:i::H'J#1,11 l]"?1T lx.",r, ( 1 e62)
    ",,,
    ITpo.rnrruarc,r rsofi , Bce,reHrrax, lracurra6t, rIo3Tt{h
    Mapcraucltoe curHbe Ha r\rocrax, Bo'
    Ilpor<,ruuarc, ir),ryrue
    c,6oxial n !\uBflcb. }IE]13N,I€
    IIpo":usriaa r.rr[me.r xeHl]r4Ha noA Axa3l
    I1 .riefK(
    <Bu Al,replrxa?> -_ cnpoury, xalr r.rAuor. IIpu:H
    Ona ca4er, cHrape.txy pa3oNrHer. Bcero -
    pr.r(rlrt
    <.lu,Ia.tb.ruK, craxer, _ ax, xarori y nac aruerrr! K,II],IUA}
    3iaraxnre NrHe Nraprr.iHr.{ u a6ceri.t .,,
    KoHCrp
    coaercrcrrii glrr&T€.rr: (no npeul,,tyqecrBy) He N,ror cBoHN,ru rJra3aN,rr.r BrrAerb Qnuecr
    CTpI4[TH3; O.FI Ia){(e He ]vIOf BH.qTHO npeACTaBI4Tb, r{TO gTO TaKOe. IlOer aHaXO_ enr,lHbri
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    (c <.uaprr.ruv: H a6cerrroi,r,>), 3aoArio ocyxAafi <<HpaBCrBeHHoe rHrreHue FOUIe\1)r
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    paCCTaBIeHbt: ICar( HaAO: <IIpOKJ,rHHaFl, _ CBOI:lCTI
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    pacrrTerrHoro \,ri4pa>, <<rrpoJ,rllBHofi NeuruuHe>, crpr,rrrrg3epure - <<xeprBe Occr
    (c5",rnxeHHol,i
    co <<crpaHoir Aiueplrxo."r) rlplr ltorrltsarIr4Lr <,l,rurlLror.i ,,rur*o"oil ourr.16K11,>). <, fagttp
    OAHaxo <<rrpaE,r4JrbHbre> rlAeoJrorfiqecKr.le orreHKfi 3Aecb coorBercrByror
    rpueuo_
    JIorHqecKI{I'I p1-'aKIIrzflr,1 JrHp14qecKofo repo_s crrlxorBopeH]?'n H qurareJ,Ier,l_My)K-
    qr{H: froH.trTri,3, rlTo <<rrpcr,ruBHan xer{lul{Ha>>
    'a:.t
    Bbr3oBeT y repon (l.t y uurareaetl)
    '\tl He roJTbKo qeroBeqecxo€. coqyBcTtslre, a 3aBcerEarav 5apa
    5eccoeHar.eJrbHo Boc_
    rrpr{Myrcfl fep(lel,r ('U .rurare,lanu) xax caMubr-KoHr{ypeHrbr. Moxuo
    ',1!:. cKa3arb,
    r{To B AaHHOl,{ Cr'ryrJar3 r()33a.q Bo:Hecencxoto
    (rroAo6HO froS3HH Enrvu_reuxo)
    212
    rorIt{x cTpot{, i IlCrroJ'Iil.fer QyHxqr,rta x().piIa-rrucrr.lKLl, Hor(ypHa-lir4crrlKl{ oco5ofo ila3Harle-
    I - - i: i.,.r:
    'lt'
    a I,IMeHHO -
    Hr4fl, xpotrnxu,>, 3HaKoN{.AUIei;i .Inrare,,l.S C pOCKOT[Lrc
    <<CBercr,loii
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    ro Bo3HeceHcxirii 6pa;r Hace6' crvre)r{Hyro poJrb <<coBercKoro rrarrapauqrl>, cBer-
    i cKoro xpoHi.rRepa B no3314r.1.
    l:.
    Ceoeii B cBCTClicrNI MI4pe 5r,Ira u rloarecca Be.l"ra Axua4y,rlrua. Ho oria r,rs-
    Jena Ha STOT MI4p Hi3 H3BHe (r.:arc xypua-tl4cr), a usHyrpl4 (xax ceercraa 4al,ra).
    Een,ra (Haa6e.n;ra) Axaronua Axlra4y,ruua (1g37-2010)
    - rroar, ilpo3al,x,
    3CCeI4CT, flepeBOArItllt, aB',rop TeI(CTOB K IIeCH.qtvl I43 KL{}{O0U,-1b},IOB. <<3aqapoltaH-
    Hafl npI{HUecca pyccKofi rro33tII4> I.{ o6T,eKT Irot]I4TaHlLq ivlHofr4x tioxJ,roriHHnoB.
    E. Axr'ta4y,ru]F,trpo/.u.tllrcb e \,[ocxse B ceMbe x3 irpyroB coBerc1oii <,naprr.rii-
    troii aptrcrorcparuli>. Bce n,oatst <.6o.rrlruoit qerBepKr4>> He ronbKo 14r{TepHarli4o-
    -
    IiaJ'II4crbI Ilo Ayxy, ilo I1I <<I4HT€)pHaI{HoHaJ'IbHIrIe ,rtloAu)> I]o STHIlqecHoN{5r rlpgyg-
    XOXCACHI4IO
    - MO)KHIf BCIIOMHI,ITb NATbIIIICKI,{C II YKPAI,IHCKI{E KOPHII ENTYTUCUTO,
    rroJibcKme Koplrr4 F')oNrecreeHCnofo, fpv3r.{HCKHe KopHH BOSHeCeHCTOTO. Ee-n;ra
    .\xua4y,ruHa coBNrecrlr.ua s ce6e rarapcKue (no tuttuu orrla) u r.rra-{r,fl}rcKrle
    (no,rtannrl lrareprr) Kopr{Lr. Bo3l,roxHo, 3To [porrBr4J,locb B ueo6rr.rHo]i Kpacore
    noareccbr. Axr,ra45'"rurra Haqa.Ta ny6rr.rronarr,cg s 1955 r, B 1960 r, orra oKoH-
    unaa "rlureparyprlrrii ulrcrut'yr. rIepnan r{Hura cruxoB roareccbr <.Crpyua>
    (1962) BbI3BarTa MHoTotIHCJ'IerIHbre r.1 nporr.rtsopeqr4Bbre orKJrr{xi.r, tr4sHcxagHaq
    rrogrr4Ka Axua4y.rrr{noil 6tr,ra Herrpr,lBbrqHa Anrr coBercKoro ql4TareJ,r.q.
    B or,ru'rue or ligryurerrro u BosHeceHcnoro Axna4yrr,lHa
    - nlrpr4x no npe-
    lrllyuecTBy, Ee noc'u.rxa cjlox:H,rracb B rrarlaJ,re uecTtrAecflTr{x foAoB u ocTa-7racb
    HeprS\.,reHr{oii Ao rrocJreAHux 4neii xtr3Htl noSrcccbr. 3ra nos:runa
    ,a
    - y3FraBaeN,la
    rr J'rerKo Bocrrpor,r3Bc)AHMil" (:r{ro cAe.rraJro Axlra4y.rruuy <,xeprnofi> napo4ncron).
    1:

    flpuanaxu <<axl,laI(yJlr.rHcKoro rrrlcbMa>: /InfiHHtre .qir,l6u.lecKr4e crpoKr4 (uaue


    Bcero - rrf rr4crofrlrbfit nu6), KoJrbr-IeBa.s pnQuooxa rlerBepocruuri.rii, xeucrcue
    iil,
    pucpuu, 3arlacryro r"ty6oxue, HeoxI,rAaHHbIe H TorrHbre, pi,ITopr4rIecKlle Boc-
    ': R.rruuaH u.rr, o6pam,eHtaa Lr Bo rrpocbr, ycJ]o)KHeHHtrtl cuHraKcr.lc c BBoAHbrivlr{
    i1 I\oHCTpyKIIu-sr,rH, ivrHoroquc,,reHHbre apxau3Nrbr, ycroi,iuuaat JIeKCI{Ka, cneuu-
    .T

    ,1i. Qnuecxaa 14lrroHarl.r4oHHarl u N'reroAr4r{ecKax Hacrpoi,ixa. Ee rto33r4.q o6pasyer


    laN'Itl BUIeI'b :,
    eAusuii ;'l ii 4uennutl. Cruxornop eH ue Axl,rany.rru nofi o 5tr.l uo trocB.tr-
    KpHr{€cKH
    floar suaro- ;i
    II{eHo petu-IbHotrIy, qacro o6rtA,:Huor.ty, co6urrro r4nu Brrer{arJleHr4ro, H€ Bbr{e",-r}I-
    [ou., ]Ktl3lJI,I> ti:
    .::i

    rcx{e\'tyc.fl ua QoHa }KI13Ht{. lloerccca ilcpeco3Aaer ero. Co6lrrue rroKa3brBaerc.rr


    Htre 3anatra> I
    3aMerneHHo, pa3AeJr.flercfl Ha (locraB,,rflroft-lr{e) xar 5rr lepeoQopivrJrflerctr r,r rea-
    loIlaB[tef ]c fl .l

    TpaJTl,r3yercg. ?ta il,roAeJrb 83ilrlMoorHorueunrl peaJ,IbHocru u ee noxae a 6tr:ta


    xoTBopelrl,rf l
    cBojtcrBetllia u uoeruer.i axl{altyxr{}rcrcoli .rrupure, Ho n rrefi 6asoaafl ocFroBa re6-
    'brr
    - noxoT- ';,

    cTots pa3NlbrBaJ,racb, l)acrl.rrbrita[acL,, qTo ycHnI,rBa-[o 14x ycJ,Io)I(HeHHocTb.


    - <<)I{epTIle j
    oco6eHuocru no3Tr,rKr4 Axna4y.riaHor.i o.{eBuAHbr B paHHer\{ cruxorBopeHr.rr4
    6-ruxeHrrofi .r,
    <.lasr.rponaHrrarr BoAa)> ( 1 969)
    orLIr4()rtt r ).
    rvRlr ou3r.ro- .i Bor lt 6r,'Ane c ra3upoBaHHoii ao4ori,
    rTeJIeu-N,t1/)K '. BCex aBlol{aron 6a,ro,scHl tta4urenuuii,
    rar.ltcrBeHHbrii pe6euor conpelteHunfi
    [ol{xoArlr, Katr rt }drpyrurre sanoArroii.
    (HO CKa3Z.Tb , '., .t. ,.;
    3arclr, c:alroua4eauur,rrfr (tauracr,
    iervuenrto) ,'' r\'lor{ery BJ'laxHyro oH orrycKaeT B ule.[I(\r

    213
    u, Hexrr b] Nr 6p ltorar'r noAc'raB,'I.f rue Ky,
    'I
    craKaHot\'r ilotsH'r po3oBbIit {rottrau.

    O, rrne 6 ero ynepeuHocrb lia t\II4r


    r{ (bar\'[rJrbrrpHocrb c raiiHoto rlpocroloI
    FIo ner, r D'roi;i r\'IuJIocT r.I rre crorc,
    ii!jt::.. il)rcrrari uporberc, N,IH]\'lo pyl{ I\1Oltx,
    i ]:'
    A rvta,llqyrau, upl.rvacrrrsttl LlyACCaiu,
    Irccel B .[aIOHr'1 CeNlb (]rex.rlrlHHblx fpal{efi,
    or6.rccr< Hx ,,rerfiT ria rpacnuii rpaout:l
    r,r
    n 6o,'rlno yAaprer no r,'Ia3ar\'L

    Po6es, s caNla Bxor(y li llrlly


    rt noraalocb c 6.rraxesurtlt .IyBCTBOT'I pxctta ..;,

    ',:'.
    co6rrasrry rlerar'L'Itt(rccKoro AI'lcr<a,
    !r 3z1ruuparc, r,r c'rarrau 6epy.

    Bocnpanyn rI3 cepe6pqIIbIx oKoB, ',ii


    poAHTCrr oNly'r cJ'IaAKilii u co:tenr,tii, :jt
    IleBeAOIlbll\l ALIxaltbClI uaCe;reUirntl &
    t,t cscxeti Torlee]o ltyaJbrpI]t{oB, :s ' l:lflIi
    {}
    .fi
    .1$. Ilcr
    Bce panyrrl, Bo3tilrttulIe t{3 Hux, '*1"
    ;tlb
    npoH3aror H66o s crarocrr.r xoporxofi, *{:t ,l.lcfc
    r.1 Bor yxe, pasuexennlti;i uterorxoii,

    cer\rb Br{ycol cneHTpa npo6ycr aslrri, '.,}


    : .-:C[]
    ',*
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    rru
    I,1 aeroil4ara Ao5pafl ,'tyma *tl -:eH(
    {$
    B3r.rpaer c .,1o6pororo crapouo4Hol.i, *t .:i,teI
    cJloB Ho Kpecrbrl H Ka,,tro pyrcori xo.rIoAHoI'f *
    /IacT rry'r'HLlKy Ilalll.l'lbc,g u3 l(oBua. 16r
    :- \1,
    ;t .,1 Cl
    :ii
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    rrog3r4tl l\xuaAY"tnnofi - CoCrpaAareJIbIIOCTb u CollyBCrBI'Ie K lvIrlpy, xpynraf ' -lat
    5eesaug1HocTr,, Helr:oropatr l,raHepHocrb I{ rrpiI 3TONI CTi{,{n3OBaHHa.q apxatlq-
    :lo

    Hocrb (norca:ale.nbHo ciloBocorreraHHe <(c Io5poroIo crapoNloAlloiir> n iloc"rreA- r76.


    Heir crpo{re crllxorEiopeHuri ). Po(
    3aAar(uu Bonpoc: HacKoJI6Ko NIo)I{er corlerarbcfl sror o5pa3 c [polpecSHCT- -:iTII
    cKofi HagpaBJreHHoorblo rxecrHAecflrr{HqecKoi.i r1oolr4r4 (oco6erruo 3al\4erHoii - rBe'
    B rro33qLrt .Boaueceucroro) n C Aei\,IoKpaTLl3NIoM [IeCTnAeCsTHuqecxol"l I7o?3V14? .\H.
    ,rlnplrvecrui;i repot:i Enryuenro - <<KreiiMoNI 5o;tuunucrBa 3aKJ-IefiNIeH>>i 'rII{pH- .1\II
    rrccxr4rt lepoti Bostrr:ceucxoro - npl4 BCefi CBoeii s.rII,lTapHoCTH - IIeCeT B Ce6e .-.te
    30F
    u HeKyro l'IaCCOBoCrb (ou - <<CBoI:i ilapeHb>), H 6eslrsnssHyto CoBpe\'leHHoclb, -
    - .:. rll
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    .,:a-\'I
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    Ero :arterrio Aa1tte rto TBOpqec'l'By PO6epTa PoxiAecrserICKOro, CaNIOIO ]IeI'IH-
    :. Ht
    Ar,r Br{Ali a-rIbHof o no3 Ta I'13 5 or'I ntuoi;i Ye't'sepKlt'>.
    <<

    214
    u*rr;*a#d**ii&ral*;lr:;ii

    Po6epr HsaHonuq Porr4er:rnencxufi (1932-1994) - ttoar, nepeBoAtulrc,


    .luTeparypHsili rpurux, aBTop nccelrrrbrx reKCroB ir oparoptrii, TeJIeBeAyxdflI?,
    o6u{ecreeHH bIfi Ae-fl 're,'Ib. ToHtct.rii u paHu u srri rp lr5yH.
    P. PoxAec'rBeHcr{:r.{it poArlJrcfl B ceJre Kocuxa A.rrrartcxoro Kpafl B ceiv{be
    BoeHlloc.rly){taxlero. Iloc,re yxt}Ia poAHreneii ua (rpoHr Bocilr.rrbrBar'rc.fl B Aer-
    cKI4x AoN,Iax. He 4o",vualII'ICb B flerposano4cltoi\,I yHi4Bepcl{reTe, oH rIocTynti,I
    e,rlnreparyprrnrii r.rnr:r'rlryr. ox.oHqr4r-r ero oH n 1956 r. flepnrre cruxu P. Pox-
    .tecrBeHCKLIr? ony5;rnxoBar B 1950 r. Pacqner ero rBopLrecrBa npurrreJ,rc.fl
    Ha 60-e rr. XX n.
    llo xapaxrepy cBoero rit-[arrra PoN4ecraericxuii - [oor-oparop (erqe n 6o"rrl-
    EnlyrleHro). Enry uzin6o.,ree yAaBaJrr.icb croxerrrbre npou3BCAe-
    ulei;l N,tepe, ueu
    Htas. P. PoxAecreen,:rctrrt 6rtl KpenKo cBrr3aH c cosercroll rocy/IapcrBeurror,l
    rlAeonolueif, r,r B oroM crubrc.le orr - san5onee coBercKuii noar H3 <<5onbmort
    qerBepKu>. 3avacryrrt cx,roHHocrb Poar4ecrteHcKoro K opa'ropcxoi.i pHropr4Ke
    rrprrBHocuJra ts ero rlFtroHaqraro (ta,rurr,lBbre cpaHcpaprrue rpr,rsByKr.r, oArraKo oH
    oco3HaBa-/I 3Ty onacHocTr t1 cTl)eMI{ rrCn ykln oT Hee.
    fl,rx noariaxu Po:rc4ecrserrcr{oro xapaKrepHbr Koivlno3r.ruHorrHar Bbrc]'poeH-
    Hocrb, HCnoJrb3oBaI{r{e Airl.IriHblx crpon, rpa$uuecxoe o@opl,t,,reHue reKCToB
    << \,1 aqI{OBCKOii r'I€C€HI{ Ofi >>.

    llossu-s P, Pox,IecrBeHcKoro rflroreer K N,ry3brra,,rbrrori rlopivre. Ha crosa


    rrosNrbr PoxAecrselrcKorc) <.P€Kruenr,> (1961) 5rr,ra HanncaHa oAHor{MeHHa.tr
    cruSoHua f . Ka6a-nencrolo. l4esecrHr,re KoN.rrro3rrropbr o5paularr4 ero crr.rxr{
    B fIecHH, Koropbre HcrorH.rrrr.{ 3Be3Abr DCTpaAbr. Taxxe PoxAecrseucrrat? nnca-n
    [ecHI4 K KllHo- l.r re.nr:Slt.rrtuall. Halr5or'ICC I,I3BCCTHbIe uecHl4 Ha cTl4xr,r Poxrte-
    crBeHcKoro - <.Orp,or,rsocr }re5o)> (O. @ear,r1uau, 1967), llecHu rc rcuuoQu,rlnv
    <,Hosbre rtpi4x,rlrcqr3rrr4.fl I{eyJT()BHr.lL,rx)> (1967)
    - <.He [€r{ar.Ibc.fl o crr]He...>>
    (8. Moxpoycon) u <.iloroHfl,> ("f. Opeurclr), <.f ceroAHrr {o 3apr,r BCraHy,..>>
    (M. @paarcuu, 79it 1), <.Cr;aA,6a> (A. Ea5aarxansu, 1971), necHu K Kr.tHo-
    tROr4 fcpo],trli4 Qr.r,rrl,r1, <,,llro5oeb BeMHafl> (1972, E. IlruqrcuH) - <.3xo rrc5sn> rr <<C,{aAKa
    r.Ipv, xpyllKar{ flroAa>, necr{fl x rr:ledru,ruir'r5,' <.Kar 32K2.,'r9.7l2cb craJrb>> (1975) <,Tonapnu-1
    HHafl apxa[r]- rleclltl>> (i4, Illalto)r, necHrr K lerlecepr.ra,,ry <<CeNrHaAr{arb Mrnoeeur4ii BecHr,r>>
    )i;i>> B nocireA- (1976, M. Tapunep;1rree) - <.N,lruoseuutt,> u <<f. npotuy, xorb He HalloJlro...>>
    Po6epr PoNAcclnencxurl 1,1ssn u3 )r(r.r3lrrr ilepBbrM r43 <.6o.rburorii uereepxir>
    r]pofpeccilcT- ixecTI,rIec.flTHLIr{oB. MoNuo npeAiloJro}iHTb, rlTo or{, Har{5oJree csssaHHnrrl
    .HO 3at\,{eTHoll C COBeTCKI4IVI I\'II,IpONII, Ile BITIHeC KpylI]eHllfl STO|O III4pa.
    ll{ofi [o3l]r.1x? AH4perl BosHecencniai,i u 6e,ua Axlra4y.nr4Ha Ao KoHua xu3Hr.{ rrr4caJrr.I
    lilreu,>; JrLtpu- crr4xrl a co6creeuHbrx paHee ;,aapa6o'ranrrbrx KaHoHax. EeleHuii Enryueurco
    HCCET B CCSC rrocile 1991 r. nepelrcI.In rgxenr,rit reopuecxr.rii itprlsr{c,6o"rrbruaq qacrb ero crrr-
    Bpe\,leHHOCTb. xoreoperruii nocrcc,BercKoro ncpr4oAa - HeyAa.{Ha. Or.lacrn ero o6t,.scr{.flerc.rr
    lKparKy rr)'tx- Teiv1, llTO C pa3pyIXeHr.IeM COBeTCKOi/I CnCrel,rrrr pyxHy,{u ycJroBrl.fl, o5ecne.{ngas-
    B KaKyro cro- urre yHr{KaJrbHocl'b n.L{a[ora ero nos3u]a c o5u{ecrBoru. Hosa.{ BJ.racrb ra o6rue-
    ropr\,raN,f >> (r(aK CTBO 6OnbIXe He Hy'?iiAar'Ir{c1, B BaKaHCTH <([O3Ta-nOCpeAHUKa>, <(nO3Ta-pe3o-
    l0-e r. Xli a.). Haropa>, IIoHraH,ta-q 3To, IIC)3T nepeKJ'ilorlI4-{cfl Ha coc]'aB.ireH}te ltgororonrsot:l
    .arcrrtcii He3a- aHro.[oruu pyccrorl ro33].rr.l.
    <.Coeercrcafl acrlla^Har{ rro33r.rg>>
    - 5eayc,ronHo, BaxHafl crpa}Ir,Illa B r{cro-
    callofo HeIIH- pHr,1 pyccKoll "nurepaTyprr XX g. HeoucHr{N,rbr rre roJ,rbno ee K1r;r6lypyroe BHarre-
    nue, Ho r4 ee tsJtn.sHrat: ria o5ue,:reo.

    215

    l
    l
    Bonpocur H 3aAaH[fl Anr caMoKoHTponfl

    1.B qeiu 3ar.rrp!aJIIrcrJ frpnr{r4Hbr yiutxa,tluol"t rrofl]rnflplloctn <,6o.tltuclt7t uetnep-


    no:rTcB-tuecrrJ.4ec.qrrirtcoo (E. Eu'r'ynreuxo, A. Bosrrecencrcoro, E, Axna;iyirunor:t,
    R],r,>
    P. PoxAec'rnerrc.xorc,) e 60 -70-c rr. XX e.?
    2. lfa:oerr1r: r.II{rnBLIAyanrst,te oco(reurrocrr'i, Ko'ropbre }rccer rro33]1rr rrax{Aoro B or-
    Aenl,Hocrt.r Iro3r'a-flrercl'n{ec-arHt,tKa rg <,(ro.tt uroti rierBel)(ll>>.

    ' TeMbr Anff HHAHBHAyanbHbtx c0o6qeHutl

    1. Bganl,tocsgal, raAetiHoto r<on(l.ur.rxra ,{ r(ol\tiogr.{rrt4m B noox{e E. Eei'yireuno


    <,Eparcraa 13C,>.
    2. Tevra No6su B Jrrlpr.lKe E. Enryuerlro u A. BosHeceHcKoro.
    3. Ilpoao"rteulle IIoxa3arerIblrblx qepr r'rr.rpl,r.{ecxoii repouHr.r a oco6euuoc'rxx aoropcxori
    nogrlrr(u B. Ax.rra4y"rruuoir.

    PexouexgyeMas nHTeparypa
    7. @a,tu'xos, U.3. F.wyweuro: Love story / tr1. 3. (Da;tr.rxon. - N4. : N,Io";ronas rBapAr{.q.
    2014.
    2, Mu:railttoo, Att. A. AHaper.i Boeseceucxttir. i)riogu / Ar.. A,. N{uxaii.uoe. - M. :

    XyAoxec rneHH ar Jrl'rcpa'r1,pa, 1970.


    3. Cup'uoa, E. M. !L1'u,r.axlqxa craBnrb cr,roBo lrocle c.rcna / / Capuoa,6. M. Epeivrr ra-
    naura / E. M. CapHc,r. - M, : Conercxnfi nucare",rl, 1987.
    .ti.

    .:.:
    '1r.

    ''l:l

    )uIoH rlcTuep- r;lt

    rxN,laAyJUlr r0ii, :i..

    (ar(llofo B oT-
    [naea 4
    19610-1990-E r0Abl

    . EervilleHKo 4.1, <fiepeaeHcKafi npo3a,. B. Pacnyrun. B. Senoe

    B ua.laae 1960->r rrr. B JII,ITeI)arypy npilurJro uoKoJrelrue rracare.rrer,i


    rxx anropcx,:ii - BbrxoA-
    ueB r.r3 /tepeBlrr,r. O. A5pauor, -3. Ee:ron, E. Moxaes, B. Pacnyruu, B. LllyxurilH
    cro6paaulu KpecrlfrrrcKrair il,rup, uapoaurrrl xapa(rep, HauHoHzt./rbHoe 6urue,
    [oKa3a,,Irr cyal5y .4epeBHI,I B grroxy corIHaJ'IbHbIx Karaxnr43MoB u JroMKr4 TpaAu-
    ur'loHrrofo yK.TraAa xrr3rrr.r. Ifa O6uler,r dtoHe ror4auueii <.ypa-coRercKoiir> lure-
    paTypbl OHH BbIAC"rl:.q.rIHCb BIIH\,laHUeM K HpaBCTBeHHbIM UelIHOCrXtut tipOrU,rOfi
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    rri;roe. - l\4. :
    B Ha.{a:re cro,,rerr{fl rroH-srufl <<pyccKr{ii Hapo[>> 14 <<pyccKoe Kpecrb.qHcrBo>>
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    ,.:.
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    Hr.rBaHue> B [pou€rcce KonJ,re](rr4Bi'13auHr.1, fonoA 1932-1933 rt., o Koropojvl
    BrepBbre rroBeAaJr Iv{. AaexceeB B pot\{aHe <,/{pauyHrr> (1981), rrpHBeJlH K sHa-
    .{r.tre.[LHoii y5lt,rr.I ,3erbcKoro ]taceJ,reHutr, ]rpaBCTBeHHo HaA,,loNII4nr4 AepeBHIo.
    BeataxaR Ore.Iec'rseuHa.s lrortHa craJra IroBbrM r{ctIbITaHHeivI Anrr AepeBHu,
    o qeN{ paccKasaJr r} poMaHe <,Eparls H cecrpbr>> (1958) O. A6pauoe. C ee
    oKoHr{aHuelu o5.rrer,IeHu.fl IIe Hacryilllno. 3aBbIrileHHbIe nJTarIbr rrocraBoK ceJIb-
    \oSnpoAyKuI{I{, Ilprl4HynHreJiI,Ha.[ IIOATII,ICKa Ha TOCVAapC'l'BeHHbIe <,3aI?N,rbr,>
    He ocTaBJ,rrrJrl,t Bo3N{oifiHocTl'r KO,'rXo3aN'I IrJ'raTr,lTb 3a TpyA, a IrOAqtvl noAH.gTbcfl
    -
    rr3 HyxAbr. Pasruqu.s B ypoB.re )Kr43Hu ropoAa r.r AepeBHH c ee <<rpyAoArreM
    rrycrorropolrrHrrjvr rr rpyAorroql,rc He tolHcii> (A. Tnapaoncxrafi), <<BoJreBbre)>
    \IeTOAbI pyItOBOACTEia, OTCyTCTBHC rIaCIIOpTOB y I{OJ'rXO3HI4KOB, Xp1'qenCxufi
    F.ypc Ha )/HIItITO)KeI{l4e ,-',iHrrHOI'O nOABOpbtl} IlepeCeJIeHI4e <<HenepCfreKTI,IBHbrX>
    lepeBellb, u 4anrHet)irraa yp5zrnlr3arlr.rfl crpaHbr tlBLtJrrtcb ntrruuuHoii rocroflH-
    HOf O OTTOKa CeJIbCIT:I,].X XtUre,f e ii.
    B 1960-e rr. ropcrrcKoe LI ceJ'rbcxoe r{acerreHr.re cpaBH-aJru{cr. MarepnarrrHo
    -lepeBH-fl CTa-/Ia )({{Tb ,rlyqm€r, HC) TO, qTO OHa Harlar,Ia OpLIeFITUpOBaTbC.g Ha IOpOA-
    ctcoii o5pas xH3HH, r..rMeJro cBou l,lnHycsr. Bexoesre rpaAr4ur{rr pyrunJrLlcb, r.rcqe-
    :a,r o6uluHrisrrt o6piis xi{3HH. Maccosoe [peBparueHr4c Ko/rxo3oB B coBxosr,r
    IlpHBeJrO K Ir3rv{e}Ie}Ir.Irc [Cr4XOJIO|r4H CeJLflHHHa, mOrOplrri yTpaTr4J'r oTBeTCTBeH-
    Hocrb 3a 3eM,rrrc. (lcuua;rr,Ho - DKoHoN'r14qecxur?, rf u.r oco@cxo- racropu uecrcn i;i
    r.r HpaBcrBeHrrnrrt cl,rbrcJr :lrt4x rrepeN,leH cra-{ coAepxaHr4eN,l <<AepeBeucrcoii
    IIpo3LI)>, OAHOTO I{3 CiaN,tbIX tlpK[.{x u ir,tacutra5trbrx gBr'ieHLlii,rt.rreparvpst rropoii
    no.rroBlrHbr XX e.
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    3aMerHylo DBoJ'Iiollr4ro. Ee uctorcont 6ttnvt corll4aJIbHo-DKoHor,rrlrrecKHe oqepKu
    Haqara 1950-x rr., co3Aalr{bre nHCaT€;'TrrNrr4 crapulero [onoJerrufl, a 3aBeptue-

    217

    .l I ..:
    <'foa
    HI{eM - rptl'7loru'tr B' EeroBa <'r{ac tttectllt:i'> (<'Kauyst't'>' 79-72-1987;
    :e.Iibc

    BeJI,lKoro repe,rloi\'Ia'>>, 1989-1991; <'r{ac tuecrbiii>>' 1994-1998;


    rperlrii poMaH JI{rIia
    BpeMg . .\nral
    nail Ha3BaHLre Bcell TpHJIOfi{l{, <<qaCON{ ueCTbIM)> n Eeaurefln}I
    Ha3BaHO
    19
    pacrtlrlrr )lprrcra).
    B 195i|--iSSO rr, BbIUIerl IIITKI orlepgoe B. Ose'qtil'rua <'ParioHI{bIg 6YAttt'r'>' i. rer'r

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    K BbIBolly o Heo6x(]- ' .fa(
    gKol{ON'{I{aI€:crnx peQopn't. <,Par'iosuble 6yAHI4)> HOCfll rlpoIpa]'{N{HbII'i ' ,floc
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    BeHCKoro i,rapnr. I6creuenuo ilpoucxoAi4T 6e.n.irerplreatlufl
    oqepKa' Oscqxrtu r
    HOBeJIJIbI I4CTOpIIH fepoeB. - TII. l
    BBOALIT AHeBHUK NIaprtrHona, BCTaBHble - "1,
    .;
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    Or.p*rt ..I'{e 3anllcoK arpo}IoMa> ,llla
    rlynpoea>
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    I{ [OBecTr4 - UCTOpT{g npeAceAaTe.lfl KOilXO3a' KOTOpbIi;i pacTpaTfln
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    o6cTo.BTeIb- --iarc
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    noqelvly UeIITpanI'l3OBaLIHOe CHA6';r.e- .' -,.6"r

    Hr.1e orcrae.t or xo3-flficrBa? B Paccxase <,Pi,t.lartl> (1957) A. flutltH pac-


    g-_vlx,I . - a.-to
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    IIepen niIF)rI{iiHbINI oo5paHue}t repoll roBoprlr o
    ., ,.;IH.
    u HapoAONl, a B oor,lrllraJrbHbrx peqax oAo5p.flIor BCe npotlcxollsxlee' :
    Bo sTopoii I1o.]loBtlrre 1950-X fr. r{ reN,le AepeBHI,l o5paulaercx .rHpl4qecKaE -: . l.'ll
    IIp03a, pox{AeIIHarl 14HTepecoN,I K JII4r{}rOCTr'1 B 3nOXy <<oTTerlerI',l>>; <'/{epeneH- I l
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    (1957) ;1 :;ne
    ra <,I{anll pocbl> (1958) B, Co,royxl'IHa, <<BoJloro/lcKafl cBaAb6a>>
    A' "flu-iuHa li :.ll3l
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    - npo6neNle nalvlflTI4'
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    HapoAHofo 6ltuts. B rsopue- i ,,-rl
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    peKe lluitete, rlro B ApxaH- to
    .no;, 6roipaer,, O. A6par'rona ceiro BepKona Ha :i
    218
    :

    7; <,1o4 r;i - eJrbcKofi o5,ractia, BoJICrflcACI{atI AepeBHrl Tlruouuxa A,'Ifl B. 6e,roaa H Boilolo/{-
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    ri
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    I' K ATIA- r--rbrro-5brroBa, noBecrb,, B qeHrpe xoroport Hapo4Hufi xapaKrep - <.IIpLrebr.{Hoe
    pyltlIoIl ,l€,rro>> B.6e.rroea (1966), <.)Itr4soi'l (trIs rxusHlr @e4opa Ityar,xuna),> E. Moxa-
    trco5xo- tna (1966), <.1Ie.rarefl,> (1969) u <[epenxuHbre KoHrr>> (1970) @. A6par,rona,
    IN,IN4HbiI,i -lloc,reAuur1 cpoK> (1970) u <<IIpcrqaurlc c Malepoii> (1976) B. Pacnyrnua.
    ilvtHocTb IInaH AcppuKar{oBuri Ei. Ee,rona, pacrlyrr.rHcxue crapyxr{ rrBJLfiK)r co6oii rr.rn
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    215
    r;a-

    [yrnF]a, poNrztHe r]. A6palloaa <,f{or,r,> (1978). TeN{a <<npor'lex1rr6rnoto> Nlap-

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    nent. Ei <.Mar.p6uuuoM ABope> A. Co;rxeHulllrHa (1960), rnopuecree B. Pac-
    rIyTUHa., B. 6C:toaa, @. A5pauoBa [oEBiIrlrcTC.E xpI'{CT}IaHCKIIe N'IOTI4I]bI tl TI4rl
    fepo'I-IIpaBeAHIll:a! [pex/{e BCefo, B ?fieHCI(OM Bapuai{Te'
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    1

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    221

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    222
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    223
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    224
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    225
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    226
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    227
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