DIRECT SPEECH (FIRST PERSON)

This is used to repeat and/or quote what someone else has said:

● If I remember correctly, she said something like “I’m gonna arrive

at 9:30 or so”
● He told me “I’ll go pick her up once she’s done with work”

INDIRECT SPEECH (REPORTED SPEECH)

On the other hand, this is used to talk about the past, therefore verbs
such as say / tell / ask are used:

● She told me that she was going to get here on time

● My aunt asked me to look after her dog while she was away on
vacation
● I remember him telling me that the food was on him

CHANGING EXPRESSIONS DEPENDING ON THE

SPEECH BEING USED

DIRECT INDIRECT
 here / this / these there / that / those

now then

today / tonight that day / that night

last week the previous week

last night the previous nights

ago before

yesterday the previous day

INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES

DIRECT INDIRECT
I said to her: “are you sure about I asked her if she was sure about
that?” it

We said to him: “do you really We asked him if he really wanted

wanna go?” to go

You said to me: “can I crash at You asked me if you could crash
your house?” at mine’s

He said to her: “do you still wanna He asked her if she still wanted to
have lunch with my parents?” have lunch with his parents

She said: “who is him, do I know She asked me who he was and if
him?” she knew him

Maria said to me: “do you think I Maria asked me if she could
 could borrow a shirt?” borrow one of my shirts

My brother asked my mom: “can I He asked her if he could go out

go out tonight?” that night

EXCLAMATORY SENTENCES

DIRECT INDIRECT
She said: “finally! I got a job” She was so happy about landing
(getting) a job

He said: “damn! She didn’t pass He was very bummed out

the driving test” because she didn’t pass the test

I said: “how lucky I am” I said that I was very lucky

You said to him: “this is useless” You told him that it was useless

They said: “wow! Such a pretty They were very stunned about the
place” house, called it pretty

OPTATIVE SENTENCE

DIRECT INDIRECT
He said: “may you ace that He cheered for me before I took
interview!” the interview
 She said: “if only I had the money She wished she had money for it
to do so”

I said to my mom: “you have to be I told her she had to be there by

here on Sunday” Sunday

You said to her: “I hope you get You told her you hoped she gets
better” better

They said: “we’ll be praying for They said they were gonna be
everything to go well” praying for things to go well

PRACTICE

Make sentences with the following topics:

- Making suggestions

- Giving advice with advantages and disadvantages

- Expressing feelings and emotions

- Speculating about events in past, present, future