Badminton is a racquet sport played by either two opposing players (singles) or two opposing pairs (doubles)

Players score points by striking a shuttlecock.

The shuttlecock (or shuttle) is a feathered projectile flight is affected by wind (16 feathers)also knows as birdie.

1992, badminton has been an Olympic sport with five events: men's and women's singles, men's and women's
doubles, and mixed doubles, in which each pair is a man and a woman. At high levels of play, the sport demands
excellent fitness: players require aerobic stamina, agility, strength, speed and precision. It is also a technical sport,
requiring good motor coordination and the development of sophisticated racquet movements.

a distinctly English influence. In the 1600s the English played a game they called Battledore and Shuttlecock, in
which a feathered shuttlecock was hit back and forth between players with a simple wooden bat.

Battledore and Shuttlecock was further developed into the sport now known as badminton when the English
military played a game call “poona” in India in the early 1800s. In fact, royalty entered the scene when in the mid-
1800s the Duke of Beaufort introduced the game to guests at his estate and adopted the name of “badminton.”

Before long a badminton association was established and rules similar to the current badminton rules were
introduced. Guildford hosted the very first open English tournament in 1898 and it only took one more year before
the first All

England Championships were held. From there badminton spread to other countries and by the 1930s

the game was also being played in Canada, the United States and Denmark.

In 1934, the history of badminton was marked by the formation of the first international governing body--The
International Badminton Federation. England, Canada, the United States and Denmark

were joined by Scotland, Wales, Ireland, France and the Netherlands in initiating the Federation, which continues
to this day--now renamed Badminton World Federation. Today the Federation has 151 National Member
Associations and five Continental Confederations, the same structure used by the Olympics. These badminton
confederations are Oceania, Africa, Asia, European and Pan-American.

The International Badminton Federation established various competitions, such as the World Championships and
the World Grand Prix. More major growth occurred in badminton history with the addition of the sport to the
Commonwealth Games in 1966 and to the Olympics in 1992. While at first only men’s and women’s singles and
doubles were allowed, in 1996 badminton became the first and only Olympic sport to allowed mixed doubles
competition.

Although badminton started out with more of an English and American appeal, the international sport is now
mostly dominated by Asian players. For instance, the Olympics have awarded gold medals to only five different
countries since its 1992 admission to the Games. Denmark has only one and the rest have gone to China, Korea
and Indonesia.
The court is rectangular and divided into halves by a net.

The full width of the court is 6.1 meters (20 ft), and in singles this width is reduced to 5.18 meters (17 ft). The full
length of the court is 13.4 meters (44 ft). The service courts are marked by a center line dividing the width of the
court, by a short service line at a distance of 1.98 meters (6.5 ft) from the net, and by the outer side and back
boundaries. In doubles, the service court is also marked by a long service line,
which is 0.78 meters (2 ft 6 inch) from the back boundary.

The net is 1.55 meters (5 ft 1 inch) high at the edges and 1.524 meters (5 ft) high in
the center. The net posts are placed over the double’s sidelines, even when singles
are played.
Each game is played with 21 points, with players scoring a point A match is the
best of three games.

At the start of the rally, the server and receiver stand in diagonally
opposite service courts
In singles, the server stands in his right

service court when his score is even, and in his left service

court when his score is odd.

In doubles, if the serving side wins a rally, the same

player continues to serve, but he changes service

courts so that he serves to each opponent in turn.

A match consists of the best of 3 games of 21 points.
the side winning a rally adds a point to its score.
At 20 all, the side which gains a 2point lead first, wins that game.
At 29 all, the side scoring the 30th point, wins that game.
The side winning a game serves first in the next game.

Fault A Badminton fault is simply an act or an event that ends the rally. A fault awards a point against the
player/pair that committed the fault. A fault is decisive and can only be called by the umpire or the service judge in
a professional game

Let Let' is called by the umpire, or by a player (if there is no umpire), to halt play. A 'let' may be given for any
unforeseen or accidental occurrence.

Badminton racquets are light, top quality between 79 and 91 carbon fiber composites (graphite reinforced plastic)
to solid steel, racquets were made of light metals such as aluminum. Earlier still, racquets were made of wood.
Cheap racquets are still often made of metals such as steel, but wooden racquets are no longer manufactured for
the ordinary market, due to their excessive mass and cost.

Badminton strings are thin, high performing strings in the range of about
0.65 to 0.73 mm thickness. Thicker strings are more durable

String tension is normally in the range of 80 to 130 N (18 to 36 lb).

Recreational players generally string at lower tensions than
professionals, typically between 18 and 25 lbf (110 N). Professionals
string between about 25 and 36 lb (160 N).

There are two main types of grip: replacement grips and overgrips.
Replacement grips are thicker, and are often used to increase the size of the
handle. Overgrips are thinner (less than 1 mm), and are often used as the
final layer.

A shuttlecock (often abbreviated to shuttle and also commonly known as a

bird) is a high-drag projectile, with an open conical shape: the cone is
formed from sixteen overlapping goose feathers embedded into a rounded
cork base. The cork is covered with thin leather or synthetic material.

Synthetic shuttles are often used by recreational players to reduce their costs
as feathered shuttles break easily. These nylon shuttles may be constructed
with either natural cork or synthetic foam base, and a plastic skirt

Forehand - There shall be a V shape in between your thumb and your index finger

Backhand- This grip is used to hit shots that are on the backhand side of your body

Forehand and backhand serves, high serve, low serve, flick serve, drive serve,
Attacking Stances – Poised on balls of feet, legs wide with knees slightly bent, in forecourt with racket up. (a)
Forward- right foot forward ready to attack in forecourt or net area. (b) Backward- left foot forward ready to attack
on mid-court or backcourt.

Backhand – Applies to all strokes played with the playing arm and racket across the body; for right handed players,
strokes on the left side of the arm.

Back-swing – That part of the stroke which carries the racket back to place it in position for the forward-swing.

Block – A stroke whereby the racket is placed in front of the shuttle almost as if trying to catch it. Very little motion
is used.

Centre Line – Line perpendicular to the net that separates the left and right service courts.

Centre or Base Position – Location in the centre of the court to which a single player tries to return after each shot.

Clear – A shot hit deep to the opponent’s back boundary line. The high clear is a defensive shot,

while the flatter attacking clear is used offensively.

Cross-court – A shot hit diagonally from one side of the court to the other.

Deception – The art of deceiving one’s opponent by outright feinting or by disguising a shot’s

direction and speed until the last moment.

Defense – State of being under attack by the opponent; a style of play consisting mainly of slow drops and high
clears.

Double Hit – An illegal tactic in which the shuttle is hit twice in succession with two strokes.

Doubles – The game played with two players on each side

Drive – An attacking stroke played with the forehand or backhand. The shuttle is hit at shoulder height to skim just
over the net and land near the side line about three-quarters of the way to the back boundary line.

Drop Shot – a stroke, hit from any part of the court, directed close to the top of the net, and descending steeply
immediately it passes over the net.

Fault – Any infraction of the rules either on the serve or after the shuttle has been put in play, the penalty for
which is loss of serve or point.

Flick – A quick wrist action which speeds up the flight of the shuttle; players often use it from below net level to
surprise opponents by quickly changing a soft shot (as a low serve) into a faster passing shot (as in the flick, high
serve in doubles) to the back court.

Flick Serve – A deceptive service used mostly in doubles to clear the receiver. It is played in a similar manner to the
low serve except that the wrist unlocks just before hitting the shuttle high enough over the net to clear the striker.

Follow-Through – That part of stroke coming after the racket’s impact with the shuttle.

Foot Fault – A violation of the rules in which the feet of the server or receiver are not in the position required by
the laws.

Footwork – The patterns of foot movement in moving about the court.

Forecourt – The front third of the court, between the net and the short service line.

Forehand – A stroke played with the front of the racket and with the forearm facing the shuttle at the moment of
contact.
Game – A unit necessary for victory: a game consists of twenty-one points.

Game Point – A rally which, if won by the server, ends the game.

Grip – The hold on the racket.

In Play – The shuttle is said to be ‘in play’ from the moment it is hit by the server’s racket until

either player or side faults.

Let – Means that the position of the game remains the same as it was at the commencement of the point. For
instance, if there is an accidental interference or the server should serve from the wrong court, it would be ‘let’
point and service will have to be repeated. A ‘let’ can be given by the umpire for any unforeseen circumstances
and the point played will not be taken into consideration.

Lob – An underarm forehand or backhand stroke to the back of the opposition court.

Love – Term for “zero”.

Love-All – No score i.e. zero to zero. To start a match, the umpire calls, “Love-All, Play.”

Lunge – Final (or only) large “braking” step on to dominant leg when meeting shuttle wide of body.

Match – A series of games, usually two out of three, to determine a winner.

Match Point – The point which, if won by the server, makes that person the winner of the match.

Mid-court – The middle third of the court, halfway between the net and the back boundary line.

Net Shot – Shot hit from the forecourt that just clears the net and drops sharply.

Obstruction – An illegal tactic in which a player hinders an opponent in the making of a shot.

Out – Call made by a linesman or player when the shuttle lands outside the boundary lines.

Point – Smallest unit in scoring.

Rally – An exchange of shots while the shuttle is in play.

Ready Position – An alert body position enabling the player to make quick movement in any direction.

Receiver – The player to whom the service is delivered.

Serve or Service – Stroke used to put the shuttle into play at the start of each rally.

Server- The one who starts the volley.

Service Court – Area into which the serve must be delivered. This depends on the score and on whether the game
is singles or doubles.

Shaft – The part of the racket between the head and the handle.

Shot – The result of a stroke; a shot will be good or bad depending on the execution of the stroke.

Shuttlecock – Official (and ancient) name for shuttle or “bird”, badminton’s unique projectile.

Smash – A hard hit overhead shot which forces the shuttle sharply downward. It is badminton’s

chief attacking stroke.

Stroke – Action of striking the shuttle with the racket.

T – The junction of the centre line with the short-service line.

Toss – Before play begins, opponents must toss a coin or spin a racket. The winner may elect to serve, to receive,
or to choose an end; the loser has any choice remaining.

Underhand – Refers to stroke that contacts the shuttle below the waist, such serve or a clear out from the net.

Unsight – In doubles, to stand in such way that an opponent cannot see the serve being delivered. This is an
obstruction and is illegal.